Technology Training that Works

ADVANCED TCP/IP-BASED INDUSTRIAL NETWORKING FOR ENGINEERS &

TECHNICIANS

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Topics

Introduction to Ethernet Bluebook (V2) versus IEEE 802.3 Types of Ethernet IEEE802.3 Frame Ethernet Addressing and MAC Variants of Ethernet Industrial Ethernet Intrinsically Safe (Ex) Ethernet Power over Ethernet (PoE) Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE)

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Introduction to Ethernet

Commonly known as ‘Ethernet’ Developed by Xerox in 1970s Bus based network Two frame formats:

Ethernet Version 2 (DIX consortium) IEEE802.3 CSMA/CD

IEEE802.3 CSMA/CD

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Bluebook (V2) versus IEEE 802.3

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Blue Book 2IEEE 802.3 supports bus and star topology

Supports only bus topology

Supports both baseband and broadband signalling

Supports only baseband signalling

Data Link Layer (DLL) divided into LLC and MAC

No division of DLL

Consists of 7 octets of preamble plus SFD

Consists of 8 bytes with no separate SFD

The Type field of Ethernet V2 is represented here as Length field in data frame

Has a Type field in data frame

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Types of Ethernet

Legacy or 10 Mbps Ethernet transmits data at a clock speed of 10 Mbps

Fast Ethernet supports 100 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet supports 1 Gbps or 1,000 Mbps 10 Gigabit Ethernet supports 10 Gbps 40 Gbps and 100 Gbps are also currently available

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IEEE802.3 Frame

Frame Check Sequence

Pad

Data

Length Indicator

Source Address

Destination Address

SFD

Preamble

4

varies

varies

2

6

6

1

7

# octets

10101011

10101010

Data + Pad: Min 46 octets,max 1500 octets

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Ethernet Addressing and MAC

12-character hexadecimal string (0-9, plus A-F, capitalized)

Uniquely identifies all Ethernet devices which are pre-programmed into the devices

Ethernet network uses two MAC addresses that identify the source and destination of each frame

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Variants of Ethernet

10 Mbps Ethernet IEEE 802.3 standard defines a range of cable types that

can be used IEEE 802.3 standard supports various cable media as

follows• 10Base2: thin coaxial cable (RG-58), 10 Mbps and single cable

bus

• 10Base5: thick coaxial cable (RG-8), 10 Mbps and single cable bus

• 10BaseT: UTP cable (Cat3), 10 Mbps and hub topology

• 10BaseF: optical fibre cable, 10 Mbps, twin fibre and point-to-point

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Variants of EthernetContinued

10BaseT Schematic

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Variants of EthernetContinued

10BaseF Fibre Optic 10BaseFL

• 2km Fibre Link segment• No nodes connected

10BaseFP• Star topology; passive coupler• 33 ports per star• Segment length 500m

10BaseFL segment

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Industrial Ethernet

Industrial Ethernet Helps devices to communicate in a faster way Gives users better connectivity and transparency Special connectors and cabling used Devices designed to cope with the harsh and hazardous

industrial environment

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Industrial EthernetContinued

D-type connectors

Connectors and Cabling

Modified RJ-45 connector

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Industrial EthernetContinued

Packaging

IP67 Industrial grade switch (Courtesy: RJ Field)

Hardened switch and power supply

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Intrinsically Safe (Ex) Ethernet

Intrinsically Safe (Ex) Ethernet systems Offers high speed along with explosion protection Current and voltage are limited to a safe level to prevent

sparks Typically used for 4mA to 20mA signals Also used for field buses such as Profibus PA or

Foundation Fieldbus H1 Isolators isolate the intrinsically safe circuits in zone 1

from the non-intrinsically safe circuits Flameproof enclosures, specially designed cable glands,

and connectors are used

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Power over Ethernet (PoE)

PoE splitter (Courtesy: Infomart)

PoE technology Describes how to safely transfer electrical power and

data from a central location to remote devices over standard data cables

A ‘Splitter’ on the receiving side picks the power off the bus to power a non-Ethernet device

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Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE)

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

A Data Link layer protocol

Mostly used to establish a direct connection between two networking nodes

PPP is used over serial cable, phone line, trunk line, cellular telephone, specialized radio links, fiber optic links and by ISPs for dial-up internet access

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