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Contents

Preace ...................................................................................................................................................15

1 ManagingTerminals and Modems (Overview) ............................................................................... 19

What's New in Managing Terminals and Modems? ....................................................................... 19

SPARC: Coherent Console ......................................................................................................... 19

SPARC: Changes to How $TERM Value or Console Is Set .................................................... 20

ttymon Invocations on the System Console Managed by SMF .............................................. 20

Terminals, Modems, Ports, and Services .......................................................................................... 21

Terminal Description .................................................................................................................. 21

Modem Description ..................................................................................................................... 21

Ports Description ......................................................................................................................... 21

Services Description .................................................................................................................... 22

Port Monitors ............................................................................................................................... 22

Tools or Managing Terminals and Modems ................................................................................... 23Serial Ports Tool ........................................................................................................................... 23

Overview o the Service Access Facility ..................................................................................... 23

2 Setting UpTerminals and Modems (Tasks) ..................................................................................... 25

Setting Terminals and Modems (Task Map) .................................................................................... 25

Setting Up Terminals and Modems With Serial Ports Tool (Overview) ...................................... 26

Setting Up Terminals ................................................................................................................... 26

Setting Up Modems ..................................................................................................................... 27

How to Set Up a Terminal, a Modem, and Initialize a Port (Tasks) .............................................. 28

How to Set Up a Terminal ........................................................................................................... 28

How to Set Up a Modem ............................................................................................................. 29

How to Initialize a Port ................................................................................................................ 30Troubleshooting Terminal and Modem Problems ......................................................................... 31

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3 Managing Serial Ports With the ServiceAccessFacility(Tasks) ...................................................33

Managing Serial Ports (Task Map) .................................................................................................... 34

Using the Service Access Facility ....................................................................................................... 34Overall SAF Administration (sacadm) .............................................................................................. 35

Service Access Controller (SAC Program) ................................................................................ 36

SAC Initialization Process ........................................................................................................... 36

Port Monitor Service Administration (pmadm) ................................................................................. 36

ttymon Port Monitor ................................................................................................................... 37

Port Initialization Process ........................................................................................................... 37

Bidirectional Service .................................................................................................................... 38

TTY Monitor and Network Listener Port Monitors ....................................................................... 38

TTY Port Monitor (ttymon) ....................................................................................................... 38

ttymon and the Console Port ...................................................................................................... 38

ttymon-Specic Administrative Command (ttyadm) ............................................................. 39

Network Listener Service (listen) ............................................................................................ 39

Special listen-Specic Administrative Command (nlsadmin) ........................................... 40Administering ttymon Port Monitors ............................................................................................... 40

How to Set the ttymon Console Terminal Type ....................................................................... 40

How to Set the Baud Rate Speed on the ttymon Console Terminal ....................................... 41

How to Adda ttymon Port Monitor ........................................................................................... 42

How to View ttymon Port Monitor Status ................................................................................ 42

How to Stopa ttymon Port Monitor .......................................................................................... 43

How to Start a ttymon Port Monitor .......................................................................................... 43

How to Disable a ttymon Port Monitor ..................................................................................... 44

How to Enable a ttymon Port Monitor ...................................................................................... 44

How to Remove a ttymon Port Monitor .................................................................................... 44

Administering ttymon services (Task Map) ..................................................................................... 45

Administering ttymon Services ......................................................................................................... 45

How to Add a Service ................................................................................................................... 45How to View the Status o a TTY Port Service .......................................................................... 46

How to Enable a Port Monitor Service ...................................................................................... 48

How to Disable a Port Monitor Service ..................................................................................... 49

Service Access Facility Administration (Reerence) ........................................................................ 49

Files That Are Associated With the SAF ................................................................................... 49

/etc/saf/_sactab File ............................................................................................................... 50

/etc/saf/pmtab/_pmtab File .................................................................................................... 50

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Service States ................................................................................................................................. 52

Port Monitor States ...................................................................................................................... 52

Port States ...................................................................................................................................... 53

4 Managing System Resources (Overview) ........................................................................................55

What's New in Managing System Resources? .................................................................................. 55

New prtconf Option to Display Product Names .................................................................... 55

psrinfo Command Option to Identiy Chip Multithreading Features ................................ 56

New localeadm Command ........................................................................................................ 56Managing System Resources (Road Map) ........................................................................................ 57

5 Displaying and Changing SystemInormation (Tasks) ................................................................. 59

Displaying System Inormation (Task Map) .................................................................................... 59

Displaying System Inormation ................................................................................................. 60

How to Display a System's Physical Processor Type ................................................................ 66How to Display a System's Logical Processor Type ................................................................. 66

How to Display Locales Installed on a System .......................................................................... 67

How to Determine I a Locale is Installed on a System ............................................................ 67

Changing System Inormation (Task Map) ..................................................................................... 68

Changing System Inormation .......................................................................................................... 69

How to Set a System's Date and Time Manually ...................................................................... 69

How to Set Up a Message-O-The-Day ..................................................................................... 70

How to Change a System's Host Name ...................................................................................... 70

How to Add a Locale to a System ............................................................................................... 71

How to Remove a Locale From a System ................................................................................... 72

6 ManagingDisk Use (Tasks) ................................................................................................................73Managing Disk Use (Task Map) ........................................................................................................ 73

Displaying Inormation About Files and Disk Space ...................................................................... 74

How to Display Inormation About Files and Disk Space ....................................................... 75

Checking the Size o Files ................................................................................................................... 77

How to Display the Size o Files .................................................................................................. 77

How to Find Large Files ............................................................................................................... 78

How to Find Files That Exceed a Specied Size Limit ............................................................. 79

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Checking the Size o Directories ........................................................................................................ 80

How to Display the Size o Directories, Subdirectories, and Files .......................................... 80

How to Display the User Ownership o Local UFS File Systems ............................................ 81Finding and Removing Old or Inactive Files .................................................................................... 83

How to List the Newest Files ....................................................................................................... 83

How to Find and Remove Old or Inactive Files ........................................................................ 84

How to Clear Out Temporary Directories ................................................................................ 85

How to Find and Delete core Files ............................................................................................. 85

How to Delete Crash Dump Files ............................................................................................... 86

7 Managing UFS Quotas(Tasks) ...........................................................................................................87

What Are UFS Quotas? ....................................................................................................................... 87

Using UFS Quotas ............................................................................................................................... 87

Setting Sot Limits and Hard Limits or UFS Quotas ............................................................... 88

The Dierence Between Disk Block and File Limits ................................................................ 88

Setting Up UFS Quotas ....................................................................................................................... 88

Guidelines or Setting Up UFS Quotas ...................................................................................... 89

Setting Up UFS Quotas (Task Map) .................................................................................................. 90

How to Congure File Systems or UFS Quotas ...................................................................... 90

How to Set Up UFS Quotas or a User ....................................................................................... 91

How to Set Up UFS Quotas or Multiple Users ........................................................................ 92

How to Check UFS Quota Consistency ..................................................................................... 92How to Turn On UFS Quotas ..................................................................................................... 93

Maintaining UFS Quotas (Task Map) ............................................................................................... 94

Checking UFS Quotas ......................................................................................................................... 95

How to Check or Exceeded UFS Quotas .................................................................................. 95

How to Check UFS Quotas on a File System ............................................................................. 96

Changing and Removing UFS Quotas .............................................................................................. 97

How to Change the Sot Limit Deault ...................................................................................... 97

How to Change UFS Quotas or a User ..................................................................................... 98

How to Disable UFS Quotas or a User ..................................................................................... 99

How to Turn O UFS Quotas ................................................................................................... 100

8 Scheduling SystemTasks (Tasks) ....................................................................................................103

Creating and Editing crontab Files (Task Map) ........................................................................... 103

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Ways to Automatically Execute System Tasks ............................................................................... 104

For Scheduling Repetitive Jobs: crontab ................................................................................ 105

For Scheduling a Single Job: at ................................................................................................. 105Scheduling a Repetitive System Task (cron) .................................................................................. 106

Inside a crontab File .................................................................................................................. 106

How the cron Daemon Handles Scheduling .......................................................................... 107

Syntax ocrontab File Entries .................................................................................................. 108

Creating and Editing crontab Files ................................................................................................. 108

How to Create or Edit a crontab File ....................................................................................... 109

How to Veriy That a crontab File Exists ................................................................................ 110

Displaying crontab Files .................................................................................................................. 110

How to Display a crontab File ................................................................................................. 110

Removing crontab Files ................................................................................................................... 112

How to Remove a crontab File ................................................................................................. 112

Controlling Access to the crontab Command .............................................................................. 113

How to Denycrontab Command Access ............................................................................... 113How to Limit crontab Command Access to Specied Users ............................................... 114

How to Veriy Limited crontab Command Access ............................................................... 115

Using the at Command (Task Map) ............................................................................................... 116

Scheduling a Single System Task (at) ............................................................................................. 116

Description o the at Command .............................................................................................. 117

Controlling Access to the at Command ................................................................................. 117How to Create an at Job ............................................................................................................ 117

How to Display the at Queue ................................................................................................... 118

How to Veriy an at Job ............................................................................................................. 119

How to Displayat Jobs .............................................................................................................. 119

How to Remove at Jobs ............................................................................................................. 119

How to Deny Access to the at Command ............................................................................... 120

How to Veriy That at Command Access Is Denied ............................................................. 121

9 Managing System Accounting (Tasks) ...........................................................................................123

What's New in System Accounting ................................................................................................. 123

Oracle Solaris Process Accounting and Statistics Improvements ........................................ 123

What is System Accounting? ............................................................................................................ 124

How System Accounting Works .............................................................................................. 124

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System Accounting Components ............................................................................................ 124

System Accounting (Task Map) ...................................................................................................... 128

Setting Up System Accounting ........................................................................................................ 129How to Set Up System Accounting .......................................................................................... 129

Billing Users ....................................................................................................................................... 131

How to Bill Users ........................................................................................................................ 131

Maintaining Accounting Inormation ............................................................................................ 132

Fixing Corrupted Files and wtmpx Errors ................................................................................ 132

How to Fix a Corrupted wtmpx File .......................................................................................... 132

Fixing tacct Errors .................................................................................................................... 133

How to Fix tacct Errors ........................................................................................................... 133

Restarting the runacct Script ................................................................................................... 134

How to Restart the runacct Script ........................................................................................... 134

Stopping and Disabling System Accounting .................................................................................. 135

How to Temporarily Stop System Accounting ....................................................................... 135

How to Permanently Disable System Accounting ................................................................. 135

10 System Accounting (Reerence) ......................................................................................................137

runacct Script .................................................................................................................................... 137

Daily Accounting Reports ................................................................................................................ 140

Daily Report ................................................................................................................................ 140

Daily Usage Report .................................................................................................................... 141Daily Command Summary ....................................................................................................... 142

Monthly Command Summary ................................................................................................. 143

Last Login Report ....................................................................................................................... 144

Examining the pacct File With acctcom ................................................................................ 144

System Accounting Files ................................................................................................................... 147

Files Produced by the runacct Script ...................................................................................... 149

11 Managing System Perormance (Overview) .................................................................................151

What's New in Managing System Perormance? ........................................................................... 151

Enhanced pfiles Tool .............................................................................................................. 151

CPU Perormance Counters ..................................................................................................... 152

Where to Find System Perormance Tasks ..................................................................................... 152

System Perormance and System Resources .................................................................................. 153

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Processes and System Perormance ................................................................................................. 153

About Monitoring System Perormance ........................................................................................ 155

Monitoring Tools ....................................................................................................................... 155

12 Managing System Processes (Tasks) ..............................................................................................157

Managing System Processes (Task Map) ........................................................................................ 157

Commands or Managing System Processes ................................................................................. 158

Using the ps Command ............................................................................................................ 159

Using the /proc File System and Commands ........................................................................ 160Managing Processes With Process Commands (/proc) ....................................................... 161

How to List Processes ................................................................................................................ 161

How to Display Inormation About Processes ....................................................................... 162

How to Control Processes ......................................................................................................... 164

Terminating a Process (pkill, kill) .................................................................................... 164

How to Terminate a Process (pkill) ....................................................................................... 165

How to Terminate a Process (kill) ......................................................................................... 166

Debugging a Process (pargs, preap) ....................................................................................... 166

Managing Process Class Inormation (Task Map) ........................................................................ 167

Managing Process Class Inormation ............................................................................................. 168

Changing the Scheduling Priority o Processes (priocntl) ................................................. 169

How to Display Basic Inormation About Process Classes (priocntl) .............................. 169

How to Display the Global Priority o a Process ..................................................................... 169How to Designate a Process Priority (priocntl) ................................................................... 170

How to Change Scheduling Parameters o a Timesharing Process (priocntl) ................. 171

How to Change the Class o a Process (priocntl) ................................................................. 171

Changing the Priority o a Timesharing Process (nice) ....................................................... 172

How to Change the Priority o a Process (nice) ..................................................................... 173

Troubleshooting Problems With System Processes ...................................................................... 174

13 Monitoring SystemPerormance (Tasks) ......................................................................................175

Displaying System Perormance Inormation (Task Map) .......................................................... 175

Displaying Virtual Memory Statistics (vmstat) ............................................................................ 176

How to Display Virtual Memory Statistics (vmstat) ............................................................. 177

How to Display System Event Inormation (vmstat -s) ...................................................... 178

How to Display Swapping Statistics (vmstat -S) .................................................................. 178

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How to Display Interrupts Per Device (vmstat -i) .............................................................. 179

Displaying Disk Utilization Inormation (iostat) ....................................................................... 179

How to Display Disk Utilization Inormation (iostat) ....................................................... 179How to Display Extended Disk Statistics (iostat -xtc) ...................................................... 181

Displaying Disk Space Statistics (df) .............................................................................................. 181

How to Display Disk Space Inormation (df -k) ................................................................... 182

Monitoring System Activities (Task Map) ..................................................................................... 183

Monitoring System Activities (sar) ................................................................................................ 184

How to Check File Access (sar -a) ......................................................................................... 184

How to Check Buer Activity (sar -b) ................................................................................... 185

How to Check System Call Statistics (sar -c) ........................................................................ 187

How to Check Disk Activity (sar -d) ..................................................................................... 188

How to Check Page-Out and Memory (sar -g) .................................................................... 189

Checking Kernel Memory Allocation ...................................................................................... 190

How to Check Kernel Memory Allocation (sar -k) ............................................................. 191

How to Check Interprocess Communication (sar -m) ........................................................ 192How to Check Page-In Activity (sar -p) ................................................................................ 193

How to Check Queue Activity (sar -q) .................................................................................. 194

How to Check Unused Memory (sar -r) ............................................................................... 195

How to Check CPU Utilization (sar -u) ................................................................................ 196

How to Check System Table Status (sar -v) .......................................................................... 197

How to Check Swapping Activity (sar -w) ............................................................................ 198

How to Check Terminal Activity (sar -y) ............................................................................. 200

How to Check Overall System Perormance (sar -A) .......................................................... 201

Collecting System Activity Data Automatically (sar) .................................................................. 201

Running the sadc Command When Booting ......................................................................... 201

Running the sadc Command Periodically With the sa1 Script ........................................... 202

Producing Reports With the sa2 Shell Script ......................................................................... 202

Setting Up Automatic Data Collection (sar) ......................................................................... 202

How to Set Up Automatic Data Collection ............................................................................. 204

14 Troubleshooting SotwareProblems (Overview) ........................................................................205

What's New in Troubleshooting? .................................................................................................... 205

Common Agent Container Problems ..................................................................................... 205

x86: SMF Boot Archive Service Might Fail During System Reboot ..................................... 206

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Dynamic Tracing Facility .......................................................................................................... 206

kmdb Replaces kadb as Standard Solaris Kernel Debugger .................................................... 206

Where to Find Sotware Troubleshooting Tasks ........................................................................... 207Troubleshooting a System Crash ..................................................................................................... 208

What to Do I the System Crashes ............................................................................................ 208

Gathering Troubleshooting Data ............................................................................................. 208

Troubleshooting a System Crash Checklist .................................................................................... 209

15 Managing System Messages ............................................................................................................211Viewing System Messages ................................................................................................................ 211

How to View System Messages ................................................................................................. 212

System Log Rotation ......................................................................................................................... 213

Customizing System Message Logging ........................................................................................... 214

How to Customize System Message Logging .......................................................................... 215

Enabling Remote Console Messaging ............................................................................................. 216

Using Auxiliary Console Messaging During Run Level Transitions ................................... 217

Using the consadm Command During an Interactive Login Session ................................... 218

How to Enable an Auxiliary (Remote) Console ..................................................................... 218

How to Display a List o Auxiliary Consoles ........................................................................... 219

How to Enable an Auxiliary (Remote) Console Across System Reboots ............................ 219

How to Disable an Auxiliary (Remote) Console .................................................................... 220

16 Managing Core Files (Tasks) ............................................................................................................221

Managing Core Files (Task Map) .................................................................................................... 221

Managing Core Files Overview ........................................................................................................ 222

Congurable Core File Paths .................................................................................................... 222

Expanded Core File Names ....................................................................................................... 222

Setting the Core File Name Pattern .......................................................................................... 223Enabling setuid Programs to Produce Core Files ................................................................. 224

How to Display the Current Core Dump Conguration ...................................................... 224

How to Set a Core File Name Pattern ....................................................................................... 224

How to Enable a Per-Process Core File Path ........................................................................... 225

How to Enable a Global Core File Path .................................................................................... 225

Troubleshooting Core File Problems .............................................................................................. 226

Examining Core Files ........................................................................................................................ 226

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17 Managing System Crash Inormation (Tasks) ...............................................................................227

What's New in Managing System Crash Inormation ................................................................... 227

Fast Crash Dump Facility .......................................................................................................... 227Managing System Crash Inormation (Task Map) ........................................................................ 228

System Crashes (Overview) ............................................................................................................. 228

Oracle Solaris ZFS Support or Swap Area and Dump Devices ........................................... 229

x86: System Crashes in the GRUB Boot Environment .......................................................... 229

System Crash Dump Files ......................................................................................................... 229

Saving Crash Dumps ................................................................................................................. 230

The dumpadm Command ............................................................................................................ 230

How the dumpadm Command Works ....................................................................................... 231

Dump Devices and Volume Managers .................................................................................... 231

Managing System Crash Dump Inormation ................................................................................ 232

How to Display the Current Crash Dump Conguration .................................................... 232

How to Modiy a Crash Dump Conguration ....................................................................... 232

How to Examine a Crash Dump ............................................................................................... 234How to Recover From a Full Crash Dump Directory (Optional) ........................................ 235

How to Disable or Enable Saving Crash Dumps .................................................................... 236

18 Troubleshooting MiscellaneousSotwareProblems (Tasks) .....................................................237

What to Do I Rebooting Fails .......................................................................................................... 237

What to Do I You Forgot the Root Password ................................................................................ 238x86: What to Do I the SMF Boot Archive Service Fails During a System Reboot ..................... 241

What to Do I a System Hangs ......................................................................................................... 242

What to Do I a File System Fills Up ................................................................................................ 243

File System Fills Up Because a Large File or Directory Was Created ................................... 243

A TMPFS File System is Full Because the System Ran Out o Memory .................................. 244

What to Do I File ACLs Are Lost Ater Copy or Restore ............................................................. 244Troubleshooting Backup Problems ................................................................................................ 244

The root (/) File System Fills Up Ater You Back Up a File System ..................................... 244

Make Sure the Backup and Restore Commands Match ........................................................ 245

Check to Make Sure You Have the Right Current Directory ................................................ 245

Interactive Commands .............................................................................................................. 245

Troubleshooting Common Agent Container Problems in the Oracle Solaris OS ..................... 245

Port Number Conicts .............................................................................................................. 246

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How to Check Port Numbers .................................................................................................... 246

Compromised Security or Superuser Password ................................................................... 247

How to Generate Security Keys or the Oracle Solaris OS ..................................................... 247

19 Troubleshooting File Access Problems (Tasks) .............................................................................249

Solving Problems With Search Paths (Command not found) ........................................................249

How to Diagnose and Correct Search Path Problems ........................................................... 250

Solving File Access Problems ........................................................................................................... 251

Changing File and Group Ownerships .................................................................................... 252Recognizing Problems With Network Access ................................................................................ 252

20 Resolving UFS File System Inconsistencies (Tasks) ...................................................................... 253

fsck Error Messages ......................................................................................................................... 254

General fsck Error Messages ................................................................................................... 255

Initialization Phase fsck Messages .......................................................................................... 257Phase 1: Check Blocks and Sizes Messages .............................................................................. 260

Oracle Solaris 10: Phase 1B: Rescan or More DUPS Messages ............................................ 264

Phase 1B: Rescan or More DUPS Messages ........................................................................... 264

Phase 2: Check Path Names Messages ..................................................................................... 265

Phase 3: Check Connectivity Messages ................................................................................... 272

Phase 4: Check Reerence Counts Messages ........................................................................... 274

Phase 5: Check Cylinder Groups Messages ............................................................................. 277

Phase 5: Check Cylinder Groups Messages ............................................................................. 278

fsck Summary Messages .......................................................................................................... 279

Cleanup Phase Messages ........................................................................................................... 279

21 Troubleshooting SotwarePackageProblems (Tasks) ...............................................................281

Troubleshooting Sotware Package Symbolic Link Problems ..................................................... 281

Specic Sotware Package Installation Errors ................................................................................ 282

General Sotware Package Installation Problems .......................................................................... 283

Index ................................................................................................................................................... 285

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Preace

System Administration Guide: Advanced Administration is part o a documentation set that

covers a signicant part o the Oracle Solaris system administration inormation. This guideincludes inormation or both SPARC and x86 based systems.

This book assumes that you have installed the Oracle Solaris operating system (OS). It alsoassumes that you have set up any networking sotware that you plan to use.

For the Oracle Solaris release, new eatures that are interesting to system administrators arecovered in sections called What's New in ... ?in the appropriate chapters.

Note This Oracle Solaris release supports systems that use the SPARC and x86 amilies oprocessor architectures. The supported systems appear in theOracle Solaris OS: HardwareCompatibility Lists. This document cites any implementation dierences between the platormtypes.

In this document, these x86 related terms mean the ollowing:

x86 reers to the larger amily o 64-bit and 32-bit x86 compatible products.

x64 relates specically to 64-bit x86 compatible CPUs.

"32-bit x86" points out specic 32-bit inormation about x86 based systems.

For supported systems, see the Oracle Solaris OS: Hardware Compatibility Lists.

Who Should UseThis BookThis book is intended or anyone responsible or administering one or more systems that arerunning Oracle Solaris 10. To use this book, you should have 1-2 years o UNIX systemadministration experience. Attending UNIX system administration training courses might behelpul.

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How the System Administration Guides Are Organized

Here is a list o the topics that are covered by the System Administration Guides.

Book Title Topics

System Administration Guide: Basic Administration User accounts and groups, server and client support, shuttingdown and booting a system, managing services, and managingsotware (packages and patches)

System Administration Guide: Advanced Administration Terminals and modems, system resources (disk quotas,

accounting, and crontabs), system processes, and troubleshootingOracle Solaris sotware problems

System Administration Guide: Devices and File Systems Removable media, disks and devices, le systems, and backing upand restoring data

System Administration Guide: IP Services TCP/IP network administration, IPv4 and IPv6 addressadministration, DHCP, IPsec, IKE, Solaris IP lter, Mobile IP, IPnetwork multipathing (IPMP), and IPQoS

System Administration Guide: Naming and Directory Services(DNS,NIS, and LDAP) DNS, NIS, and LDAP naming and directory services, includingtransitioning rom NIS to LDAP and transitioning rom NIS+ toLDAP

System Administration Guide: Naming and Directory Services(NIS+)

NIS+ naming and directory services

System Administration Guide: Network Services Web cache servers, time-related services, network le systems(NFS and autos), mail, SLP, and PPP

System Administration Guide: Printing Printing topics and tasks, using services, tools, protocols, andtechnologies to set up and administer printing services andprinters

System Administration Guide: Security Services Auditing, device management, le security, BART, Kerberosservices, PAM, Solaris Cryptographic Framework, privileges,RBAC, SASL, and Solaris Secure Shell

System Administration Guide: Oracle Solaris Containers-Resource

Management and Oracle Solaris ZonesResource management topics projects and tasks, extendedaccounting, resource controls, air share scheduler (FSS), physical

memorycontrol using the resource capping daemon(rcapd), andresource pools; virtualization using Solaris Zones sotwarepartitioning technology and lx branded zones

Oracle Solaris ZFS Administration Guide ZFSstorage pool and le systemcreation and management,snapshots, clones, backups, using access control lists (ACLs) toprotect ZFS les, using ZFS on an Oracle Solaris systemwithzones installed, emulated volumes, and troubleshooting and datarecovery

Preace

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Book Title Topics

Oracle Solaris Trusted Extensions Administrators Procedures Systemadministration that is specic to the Oracle Solaris'

Trusted Extensions eatureOracle Solaris Trusted Extensions Confguration Guide Starting with the Solaris 10 5/08 release, describes how to plan or,

enable, and initially congure the Oracle Solaris' TrustedExtensions eature

Related Third-PartyWeb Site Reerences

Note Oracle is not responsible or the availability o third-party web sites mentioned in thisdocument. Oracle does not endorse and is not responsible or liable or any content, advertising,products, or other materials that are available on or through such sites or resources. Oracle willnot be responsible or liable or any actual or alleged damage or loss caused by or in connectionwith the use o or reliance on any such content, goods, or services that are available on orthrough such sites or resources.

Access to Oracle SupportOracle customers have access to electronic support through My Oracle Support. Forinormation, visit http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=info or visithttp://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=trs i you are hearing impaired.

Typographic ConventionsThe ollowing table describes the typographic conventions that are used in this book.

TABLEP1 Typographic Conventions

Typeace Meaning Example

AaBbCc123 The names o commands, les, and directories,and onscreen computer output

Edit your .login le.

Use ls -a to list all les.

machine_name% you have mail.

AaBbCc123 What you type, contrasted with onscreencomputer output

machine_name% su

Password:

aabbcc123 Placeholder:replacewith a realname orvalue The command toremove a le is rm

flename.

Preace

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TABLE P1 Typographic Conventions (Continued)Typeace Meaning Example

AaBbCc123 Book titles, new terms, and terms to beemphasized

Read Chapter 6 in the User's Guide.

A cache isa copythat isstoredlocally.

Do notsave the le.

Note: Some emphasized itemsappear bold online.

Shell Prompts in Command ExamplesThe ollowing table shows the deault UNIX system prompt and superuser prompt or shellsthat are included in the Oracle Solaris OS. Note that the deault system prompt that is displayedin command examples varies, depending on the Oracle Solaris release.

TABLEP2 ShellPrompts

Shell Prompt

Bashshell, Korn shell, and Bourne shell $

Bashshell, Korn shell, and Bourne shell or superuser #

C shell machine_name%

C shell or superuser machine_name#

General ConventionsBe aware o the ollowing conventions that are used in this book.

When ollowing steps or using examples, be sure to type double-quotes ("), letsingle-quotes (), and right single-quotes () exactly as shown.

The key reerred to as Return is labeled Enter on some keyboards. It is assumed that the root path includes the /sbin, /usr/sbin, /usr/bin,and /etc

directories, so the steps in this book show the commands in these directories withoutabsolute path names. Steps that use commands in other, less common, directories show theabsolute path in the example.

Preace



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Managing Terminals and Modems (Overview)

This chapter provides overview inormation or managing terminals and modems.

This is a list o the overview inormation in this chapter:

What's New in Managing Terminals and Modems? on page 19 Terminals, Modems, Ports, and Services on page 21 Tools or Managing Terminals and Modems on page 23 Serial Ports Tool on page 23 Overview o the Service Access Facility on page 23

For step-by-step instructions on how to set up terminals and modems with the Serial Ports tool,see Chapter 2, Setting Up Terminals and Modems (Tasks).

For step-by-step instructions on how to set up terminals and modems with the Service Access

Facility (SAF), see Chapter 3, Managing Serial Ports With the Service Access Facility (Tasks).

What's New in ManagingTerminals and Modems?This section describes new or changed eatures or managing terminals and modems in theOracle Solaris release. For a complete listing a new eatures and a description o Oracle Solaris

releases, see Oracle Solaris 10 8/11 Whats New.

SPARC: Coherent ConsoleSolaris 108/07:The coherent console subsystem eature implements a part o the kernelconsole subsystem to acilitate rendering console output. The coherent console uses the OracleSolaris kernel mechanisms to render console output rather than Programmable Read-Only

Memory (PROM) interaces. This reduces the console rendering dependence on the OpenBootPROM (OBP). The coherent console uses a kernel-resident rame-buer driver to generate

1C H A P T E R 1

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console output. The generated console output is more efcient than using OBP rendering. Thecoherent console also avoids idling CPUs during the SPARC console output and enhances theuser experience.

SPARC: Changes to How $TERM Value or Console IsSetSolaris 108/07:The $TERMvalue is now dynamically derived and depends on the terminalemulator that the console is using. On x86 based systems, the $TERMvalue is sun-color because

the kernel's terminal emulator is always used.

On SPARC based systems the $TERMvalue is as ollows:

sun-color This value is used or $TERM i the system uses the kernel's terminal emulator.

sun This value is used or $TERM i the system uses the PROM's terminal emulator.

This change does not impact how the terminal type is set or the serial port. You can still use thesvccfg command to modiy the $TERMvalue, as shown in the ollowing example:

# svccfgsvc:> select system/console-loginsvc:/system/console-login> setprop ttymon/terminal_type = "xterm"svc:/system/console-login> exit

ttymon Invocations on the System Console Managed

by SMFOracle Solaris 10:ttymon invocations on the system console are managed by SMF. Theaddition o properties to the svc:/system/console-login:default service enables you tospeciyttymon command arguments with the svccfg command. Note that these properties arespecic to ttymon, not generic SMF properties.

Note You can no longer customize the ttymon invocation in the /etc/inittab le.

For step-by-step instructions on how to speciyttymon command arguments with SMF, seeHow to Set the ttymon Console Terminal Type on page 40.

For a complete overview o SMF, seeChapter 18, Managing Services (Overview), in SystemAdministration Guide: Basic Administration. For inormation on the step-by-step proceduresthat are associated with SMF, see Chapter 19, Managing Services (Tasks), in SystemAdministration Guide: Basic Administration.

What's New in ManagingTerminalsand Modems?

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Terminals Modems Ports and Services


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A serial port, using a standard communications protocol, transmits a byte o inormationbit-by-bit over a single line.

Devices that have been designed according to RS-232-C or RS-423 standards, this include mostmodems, alphanumeric terminals, plotters, and some printers. These devices can be connectedinterchangeably, using standard cables, into serial ports o computers that have been similarlydesigned.

When many serial port devices must be connected to a single computer, you might need to addan adapter boardto the system. The adapter board, with its driver sotware, provides additionalserial ports or connecting more devices than could otherwise be accommodated.

Services DescriptionModems and terminals gain access to computing resources by using serial port sotware. Serialport sotware must be set up to provide a particular service or the device attached to the port.For example, you can set up a serial port to provide bidirectional service or a modem.

Port Monitors

The main mechanism or gaining access to a service is through aport monitor. A port monitor isa program that continuously monitors or requests to log in or access printers or les.

When a port monitor detects a request, it sets whatever parameters are required to establishcommunication between the operating system and the device requesting service. Then, the port

monitor transers control to other processes that provide the services needed.

The ollowing table describes the two types o port monitors included in the Oracle Solarisrelease.

TABLE 11 PortMonitor Types

Man Page Port Monitor Description

listen(1M)

listenControls access to network services, such ashandling remote print requests prior to theSolaris 2.6 release. The deault Oracle Solaris OSno longer uses this port monitor type.

ttymon(1M) ttymon Provides access to the login services needed bymodems and alphanumeric terminals. TheSerial Ports tool automatically sets up a ttymonport monitor to process login requests romthese devices.

Terminals,Modems, Ports, and Services


Toolsor Managing Terminals and Modems
http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=E18752&id=REFMAN1Mlisten-1mhttp://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=E18752&id=REFMAN1Mlisten-1mhttp://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=E18752&id=REFMAN1Mttymon-1mhttp://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=E18752&id=REFMAN1Mttymon-1mhttp://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=E18752&id=REFMAN1Mttymon-1mhttp://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=E18752&id=REFMAN1Mlisten-1m


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You might be amiliar with an older port monitor called getty.Thenew ttymon port monitor ismore powerul. A single ttymon port monitor can replace multiple occurrences ogetty.Otherwise, these two programs serve the same unction. For more inormation, see the

getty(1M) man page.

Tools or Managing Terminals and ModemsThe ollowing table lists the tools or managing terminals and modems.

TABLE 12 Tools For Managing Terminalsand Modems

ManagingTerminalsand ModemsMethod Tool For More Inormation

The most comprehensive Service Access Facility (SAF) commands Overview o the Service AccessFacility on page 23

The quickest setup Solaris Management Console's SerialPorts tool

Chapter 2, Setting UpTerminals and Modems(Tasks), and Solaris

Management Console onlinehelp

Serial PortsToolThe Serial Ports tool sets up the serial port sotware to work with terminals and modems bycalling the pmadm command with the appropriate inormation.

The tool also provides the ollowing:

Templates or common terminal and modem congurations Multiple port setup, modication, or deletion Quick visual status o each port

Overview o the Service Access FacilityThe SAF is the tool used or administering terminals, modems, and other network devices.

In particular, the SAF enables you to set up the ollowing:

ttymon and listen port monitors by using the sacadm command ttymon port monitor services by using the pmadm and ttyadm commands listen port monitor services by using the pmadm and nlsadmin commands Troubleshoot tty devices Troubleshoot incoming network requests or printing service

Toolsor Managing Terminals and Modems

Chapter 1 Managing Terminals and Modems (Overview) 23

Toolsor ManagingTerminals and Modems
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Troubleshoot the Service Access Controller by using thesacadm command

The SAF is an open-systems solution that controls access to system and network resources

through tty devices and local-area networks (LANs). The SAF is not a program, but a hierarchyo background processes and administrative commands.

g g



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Setting UpTerminals and Modems (Tasks)

This chapter provides step-by-step instructions or setting up terminals and modems usingSolaris Management Console's Serial Ports tool.

For overview inormation about terminals and modems, seeChapter 1, Managing Terminalsand Modems (Overview). For overview inormation about managing system resources, see

Chapter 4, Managing System Resources (Overview).

For inormation about the procedures associated with setting up terminals and modems usingSolaris Management Console's Serial Ports tool, seeSetting Terminals and Modems (TaskMap) on page 25

Setting Terminals and Modems (Task Map)

Task Description For Instructions

Set up a terminal. Set up a terminal by using theSolaris Management Console SerialPorts tool. Congure the terminalby choosing the appropriate optionrom the Action menu.

How to Set Up a Terminal onpage 28

Set up a modem. Set up a modem by using theSolaris Management Console SerialPorts tool. Congure the modemby choosing the appropriate optionrom the Action menu.

HowtoSetUpaModemonpage 29

Initialize a port. To initialize a port, use t he SolarisManagement Console Serial Portstool. Choose the appropriate

option rom the Action menu.

How to Initialize a Portonpage 30

2C H A P T E R 2

25

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Setting UpTerminals and Modems With Serial Ports Tool(Overview)

You can set up serial ports with the Solaris Management Console's Serial Ports tool.

Select a serial port rom the Serial Ports window and then choose a Congure option rom theAction menu to congure the ollowing:

Terminal Modem Dial-In Modem Dial-Out

Modem Dial-In/Dial-Out Initialize Only No Connection

The Congure options provide access to the templates or conguring these services. You canview two levels o detail or each serial port: Basic and Advanced. You can access the Advancedlevel o detail or each serial port ater it is congured by selecting the serial port and selectingthe Properties option rom the Action menu. Ater a serial port is congured, you can disable orenable the port with the SAF commands. For inormation on using the SAF commands, see

Chapter 3, Managing Serial Ports With the Service Access Facility (Tasks).For inormation on using the Serial Ports commandline interace, see thesmserialport(1M)man page.

Setting Up TerminalsThe ollowing table describes the menu items (and their deault values) when you set up a

terminal by using the Serial Ports tool.

TABLE 21 Terminal Deault Values

Detail Item Deault Value

Basic Port

Description Terminal

Service Status Enabled

Baud Rate 9600

Terminal Type vi925

Login Prompt ttyn login:

Advanced Carrier Detection Sotware

Option: C onnect o n Carrier Not a vailable


Setting UpTerminals and ModemsWith Serial PortsTool (Overview)
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TABLE 21 Terminal Deault Values (Continued)Detail Item Deault Value

Option: Bidirectional Available

Option: Initialize Only Not available

Timeout (seconds) Never

Port Monitor zsmon

Service Program /usr/bin/login

Setting Up ModemsThe ollowing table describes the three modem templates that are available when you set up amodem using the Serial Ports tool.

TABLE 22 ModemTemplates

Modem Confguration Description

Dial-In Only Users can dial in to the modem but cannot dial out.

Dial-Out O nly Users c an dial o ut rom the modem but cannot dial i n.

Dial-In and Out (Bidirectional) Users can eitherdial inor dialoutrom the modem.

The ollowing table describes the deault values o each template.

TABLE 23 Modem Template Deault Values

Detail Item Modem - Dial-In Only Modem - Dial-Out Only Modem - Dial In and Out

Basic Port Name

Description Modem Dial I n Only Modem Dial O ut O nly Modem Dial I n and O ut

Service Status Enabled Enabled Enabled

Baud Rate 9600 9600 9600

Login Prompt ttyn login: ttyn login: ttyn login:

Advanced Carrier Detection Sotware Sotware Sotware

Option: Connect onCarrier

Not available Not available Not available

Option: Bidirectional Not available Not available Available

Option: Initialize Only Not available Available Not available

Chapter 2 Setting Up Terminals and Modems (Tasks) 27

How toSet Upa Terminal, a Modem,and Initialize a Port (Tasks)


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TABLE 23 Modem Template DeaultValues (Continued)Detail Item Modem - Dial-In Only Modem - Dial-Out Only Modem - Dial In and Out

Timeout (seconds) Never Never Never

Port Monitor zsmon zsmon zsmon

Service Program /usr/bin/login /usr/bin/login /usr/bin/login

The ollowing table describes the deault values or the Initialize Only template.

TABLE 24 Initialize Only - NoConnection Deault Values

Detail Item Deault Value

Basic Port Name

Description Initialize Only - No Connection

Service Status Enabled

Baud Rate 9600

Login Prompt ttyn login:

Advanced Carrier Detection Sotware

Option: C onnect on C arrier Not available

Option: Bidirectional Available

Option: Initialize Only Available

Timeout (seconds) Never

Port Monitor zsmon

Service Program /usr/bin/login

How to Set Up a Terminal, a Modem, and Initialize a Port(Tasks)

HowtoSetUpaTerminal

Start the Solaris Management Console, i it's not already running.

% /usr/sadm/bin/smc &

For inormation on starting the Solaris Management Console, seeStarting the Solaris

Management Console in System Administration Guide: Basic Administration.

1


How toSet Up aTerminal,a Modem,and Initialize a Port (Tasks)
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Click This Computer icon in the Navigation pane.

Click Devices and Hardware > SerialPorts.

The Serial Ports menu is displayed.

Selectthe port that will be used with a terminal.

Choose Confgure>Terminal rom the Action menu.

The Congure Serial Port window is displayed in Basic Detail mode.

For a description o the Terminal menu items, see Table 21.

Click OK.

To confgure the advanced items, select the portconfguredas a terminal.

Select Properties rom the Action menu.

Change the values o template entries, i desired.

Click OK to confgure the port.

Veriy that the terminal service has been added.

$ pmadm -l -s ttyn

HowtoSetUpaModem



For inormation on starting the Solaris Management Console, seeStarting the SolarisManagement Console in System Administration Guide: Basic Administration.


Click Devices and Hardware> SerialPorts.


Selectthe port that will be used with a modem.

Choose one o the ollowing Confgure options rom the Action menu.

a. Confgure>Modem (Dial In)

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

1

2

3

4

5


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b. Confgure> Modem (Dial Out)

c. Confgure> Modem (Dial In/Out)

The Congure Serial Port window is displayed in Basic Detail mode.

For a description o the Modem menu items, see Table 23.

Click OK.

To confgure the advanced items, select the portconfguredas a modem.

Select Properties rom the Action menu.



Veriy that the modem service has been confgured.

$ pmadm -l -s ttyn

How to Initialize a Port



For inormation on starting the Solaris Management Console, seeStarting the SolarisManagement Console in System Administration Guide: Basic Administration.


Click Devices and Hardware> SerialPorts.


Select the port to be initialized.

Choose Confgure>Initialize Only No Connection.

The Serial Port window is displayed in Basic Detail mode.

For a description o the Initialize Only menu items, see Table 24.

Click OK.

6

7

8

9

10

11

1

2

3

4

5

6


TroubleshootingTerminal and Modem Problems


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To confgure the advanced items, select the portconfguredas initialize only. Then, select

Properties rom the Action menu.



Veriy that the modem service has been initialized.

$ pmadm -l -s ttyn

Troubleshooting Terminal and Modem ProblemsIusers are unable to log in over serial port lines ater you have added a terminal or modem andset up the proper services, consider the ollowing possible causes o ailure:

Check with the user.

Malunctions in terminals and modem use are typically reported by a user who has ailed tolog in or dial in. For this reason, begin troubleshooting by checking or a problem on thedesktop.

Some common reasons or login ailure include:

Login ID or password is incorrect Terminal is waiting or X-ON ow control key (Control-Q) Serial cable is loose or unplugged Terminal conguration is incorrect Terminal is shut o or otherwise has no power

Check the terminal.Continue to troubleshoot by checking the conguration o the terminal or modem.Determine the proper ttylabelor communicating with the terminal or modem. Veriy thatthe terminal or modem settings match the ttylabelsettings.

Check the terminal server.

I the terminal checks out, continue to search or the source o the problem on the terminalor modem server. Use the pmadm command to veriy that a port monitor has been congured

to service the terminal or modem and that it has the correct ttylabelassociated with it. Forexample:

$ pmadm -l -t ttymon

Examine the /etc/ttydefs le and doublecheck the label denition against the terminalconguration. Use the sacadmcommand to check the port monitor's status. Use pmadm tocheck the service associated with the port the terminal uses.

Check the serial connection.

I the Service Access Controller is startingthe TTY port monitorandthe ollowing is true:

7

8

9

10


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The pmadm command reports that the service or the terminal's port is enabled. The terminal's conguration matches the port monitor's conguration.

Then, continue to search or the problem by checking the serial connection. A serialconnection comprises serial ports, cables, and terminals. Test each o these parts by usingone part with two other parts that are known to be reliable.

Test all o the ollowing:

Serial ports Modems Cables

Connectors Do not use the Serial Ports tool to modiy serial port settings i the serial port is being used as

a console. Starting with Oracle Solaris 10, invocations ottymon or the console aremanaged by SMF. For step-by-step instructions on how to change the console terminal type,see How to Set the ttymon Console Terminal Type on page 40.

For more inormation on ttymon and SMF, see What's New in Managing Terminals andModems? on page 19.



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Managing Serial Ports With the Service AccessFacility (Tasks)

This chapter describes how to manage serial port services using the Service Access Facility(SAF).

Also included in this chapter is inormation on how to perorm console administration with theService Management Facility (SMF).

Note The SAF and SMF are two dierent tools in the Oracle Solaris OS. Starting with theOracle Solaris 10, ttymon invocations on the system console are now managed by SMF. The SAFtool is still used to administer terminals, modems, and other network devices.

This is a list o the overview inormation in this chapter.

Using the Service Access Facility on page 34 Overall SAF Administration (sacadm)onpage35 Port Monitor Service Administration (pmadm)onpage36 TTY Monitor and Network Listener Port Monitors on page 38

For inormation on the step-by-step procedures that are associated with managing serial ports ,see the ollowing:

Manag

advanced system

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