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Advanced Science Letters ISSN: 1936-6612 (Print): EISSN: 1936-7317 (Online) Copyright © 2000-2018 American Scientific Publishers. All Rights Reserved.

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Alexander Lebedev, Laboratory of Semiconductor Devices Physics, Russia

James Lindesay, Howard University, USA

Michael Lipkind, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Israel

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B. S. Murty, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India

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Matteo Paris, Universita' di Milano, Italia

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Paddy H. Regan, University of Surrey, UK

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Wolfgang Rhode, University of Dortmund, Germany

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Carlos Romero, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Brazil

Andrea Sella, University College London, London, UK

P. Shankar, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India

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Leonidas Sotiropoulos, University of Patras, Greece

Roger Strand, University of Bergen, Norway

Karl Svozil, Technische Universität Wien, Auastria

Kit Tan, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

Roland Triay, Centre de Physique Theorique, CNRS, Marseille, France

Rami Vainio, University of Helsinki, Finland

Victor Voronov, Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Dubna, Russia

Andrew Whitaker, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland

Lijian Xu, Hunan University of Technology, China

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Abstracting and Indexing Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science (CPCI-S)

Chemical Abstracts

Biological Sciences Abstracts

Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts

Biotechnology Research Abstracts

Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)

Neurosciences Abstracts

Engineering Research Database

Technology Research Database

Environmental Science and Pollution Management

ADVANCED SCIENCE LETTERS

Volume 23, Number 12 (December 2017) pp.11635-12838

A SPECIAL SECTION

Selected Peer-Reviewed Articles from the First International Joint Conference on Science and

Technology

(IJCST 2016), Bali, Indonesia, 12–13 October, 2016 Guest Editors: A. P. Bayuseno, Bill Atweh, Wolfgang W. Schmahl, Jamari, and Sheng Zhang

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 11635–11636 (2017)

[Abstract] [Full Text - PDF] [Purchase Article]

RESEARCH ARTICLES

Land Requirement for Food in Ngawi Regency Agus Sutedjo

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 11637–11640 (2017)


Spasio-Temporal Variability of the Vegetation Cover Density in the Gunungsewu Karst

Landscape Based on

Landsat 8 OLI Data Eko Budiyanto

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 11641–11644 (2017)


Juridical Issues of Foreign Labor in Asean Economic Community Era Arinto Nugroho

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 11645–11648 (2017)


Media to Counter Radicalization: A Case Study at Islamic (Boarding) Schools Tsuroyya

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 11649–11653 (2017)


Social and Personal Factors to Become Elementary Teacher Danang Tandyonomanu, Tsuroyya, and Awang Dharmawan

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 11654–11657 (2017)


The Study of the Factors That Influence the Community to Survive Living in the Disaster

Area Ita Mardiani Zain, Sulistinah, and Drianda Immanuel Prasetya

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 11658–11661 (2017)


http://openurl.ingenta.com/content?genre=article&issn=1936-6612&volume=23&issue=12&spage=11635&epage=11636






















Geometrical Analysis of Artificial Rough Surfaces: Mathematical and CAD Model Kartini, G. A. Sipayung, E. Saputra, R. Ismail, J. Jamari, and A. P. Bayuseno

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 12325–12329 (2017)


Building Accountability in Religious Organization Through Accounting Changes Indrawati Yuhertiana, Gideon Setyo Budiwitjaksono, and Ignatia Martha Hendarti

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 12330–12332 (2017)


Identification of Chlorophyll-A Distribution Using Landsat 8 in Madura Rosida Vivin Nahari and Riza Alfita

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 12333–12335 (2017)


Health of Dental and Mouth Based on Forward Chaining Method Muhammad Ali Syakur and Devie Rosa Anamisa

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 12336–12339 (2017)


Forecasting Application for Simpati Telkomsel Card Using Backpropagation

(Case Study in Bangkalan Madura-Indonesia) Eka Mala Sari Rochman and Aeri Rachmad

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 12340–12343 (2017)


Voice Recognition Application by Using Fisher‘s Linear Discriminant Analysis (FLDA)

Feature Extraction Aeri Rachmad, Devie Rosa Anamisa, and Novia Putri Bintari

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 12344–12348 (2017)


Face Recognition Based on Gender Using a Modified Method of 2D-Linear Discriminant

Analysis Fitri Damayanti, Wahyudi Setiawan, Sri Herawati, and Aeri Rachmad

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 12349–12353 (2017)


Generation of Frequent Itemset Using Fuzzy Weighted Tree with Cosine Similarity Budi Dwi Satoto

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 12354–12358 (2017)


Lung Cancer Nodule Location Diagnoses Using Linear Vector Quantization Based on




























Morphology Process Haryanto, Achmad Fiqhi Ibadillah, Kunto Aji, Puput Wanarti Rusimamto, and Lilik Anifah

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 12359–12361 (2017)


Information Technology Governance: A Cross Comparison in Public and Private Sectors Wahyudi Agustiono

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 12362–12366 (2017)


Integration in Electronic Data Interchange for Environments E-Commerce Application Bain Khusnul Khotimah, Yoga Dwitya Pramudita, and Muhammad Ali Syakur

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 12367–12371 (2017)


An Ergonomic Intervention Model by Sampling Inspection and Personal Protective

Equipment in SMEs Batik Madura Fitri Agustina, Nachnul Ansori, and Yuliatin

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 12372–12376 (2017)


Scheduling of the Certification Process with the Selection of Employees to Minimize the

Completion Time

Using Differential Evolution Algorithm IkaDeefi Anna and Badrud Tamam

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 12377–12380 (2017)


Decision Making of Warehouse Location Selection Using Brown-Gibson Model Ari Basuki and Andharini Dwi Cahyani

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 12381–12384 (2017)


Influence of Knowledge Transfer Effectiveness on Enterprise Resource Planning System

Success in

Indonesian Medium-Sized Enterprises Indra Cahyadi

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 12385–12388 (2017)


Modeling of Air Polluter Standard Index Based on Geographically Weighted Regression

Approach Using

Adaptive Bandwidth Kukuh Winarso and Hasbi Yasin

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 12389–12392 (2017)


























RESEARCH ARTICLE Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 12344-12348, 2017

1

Copyright © 2016 American Scientific Publishers Advanced Science Letters

All rights reserved Vol. 23, 12344-12348, 2017 Printed in the United States of America

Health Of Dental and Mouth Based Forward

Chaining Method

Muhammad Ali Syakur, Devie Rosa Anamisa Engineering Faculty, University of Trunojoyo Madura, Jl. Raya Telang,PO.BOX.2, Telang, Kamal, Bangkalan, Indonesia

Information from the dental and mouth health is now urgently needed by the people, this usually occurs in areas far from

clinic of health, particularly dental and mouth. In addition, the shortage of experts or specialists that exist in the environment

also trigger levels declining health caused by an illness. With these limitations it is necessary to build an expert system whose

data obtained from experts. In this research develops, an expert system is a forward chaining method. With this application

can build media consulting for health, especially for dental and mouth so that it is able to diagnose such an expert skilled in

the art regarding dental and mouth disease based on the symptoms of the disease. The test results of this expert system be

noted that the method of forward chainig able to do a search to determine the disease dental and mouth so that media

consulting is able to provide information about related diseases can be more easily obtained with the making of an expert

system to diagnose the symptoms of dental disease and mouth based on multimedia and easily understood by the public.

Keywords: ExpertSystem,TheDental and MouthHealth, Multimedia, Method, ForwardChaining.

1. INTRODUCTION

Health is a very important thing in life, because it will determine the future health of humanity. One is the dental and mounth health. If we do not pay attention to health, then the disease will come and certainly interfere with our daily activities

1. But most people still ignore the overall

health condition because mininmnya their knowledge of the dangers that will arise as a result of t, he lack of health care, this usually occurs in areas far from health clinics, especially t the dental and mounth health. In addition, the shortage of health specialists in the environment also trigger rate of decline in health due to disease and how to prevent the danger of disease that would interfere with their dental and mounth health. The dental and mounth is an organ that plays an important role in the chewing of food, and also helps smooth talk. Therefore, oral health is very important. In general, people often forget about

*Email Address: [email protected]

dental and mouth health problems, they are more concerned about the health of other organs. In fact, a disease that attacks the teeth if not treated immediately will harm other organs.

Expert systems are computer-based systems that use knowledge, facts and reasoning techniques in solving problems that normally can only be solved by an expert in the field

2. By using an expert system, community or

society if patients want to consult a doctor then no longer need to come to the health clinic directly to determine the illness. simply enter the patient's disease symptoms are felt then processed by a computer and displaying the results of the diagnosis. In this research apply expert systems to diagnose oral disease using forward chaining method. Forward chaining method is a method of tracking techniques search or fore starting with existing

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 12344–12348, 2017 RESEARCH ARTICLE

2

Data Rule Resume

information and incorporation of rule to produce a conclusion or goal

3. In this research, forward chaining

method performs a search where it is known that there arefacts to support decision-making. Facts that are used in the form of thesymptoms experienced by the patient, while the conclusionis the result of diagnosis of the disease. The purpose of this research explores to create a media

application consultation capable of diagnosing the

symptoms of dental and mounth diseases based on

multimedia and easily understood by the public so that

the application can provide information to patients or the

public about the possible causes as a result of the

diagnosis, guide to seek medical help and advice own

actions that can be done to address possible causes.

2.FORWARD CHAINING METHOD

In general, the expert system is one of the field of

artificial intelligence, the definition of an expert system

itself is a computer program designed to take a decision

taken by an expert, which the expert system using

knowledge (knowledge), facts and techniques of thinking

in solving problems -Problem which normally can only be

resolved by an expert from the concerned field4. In the

development of an expert system, knowledge (knowledge)

may be derived from an expert, such as magazines, books,

journals and others. Besides, the knowledge of an expert

system is specific to the problem domain only. The more

knowledge that is inserted into an expert system, then the

system would be better to act, so it is almost like the real

expert, shown in Figure 1.There are several techniques of

knowledge representation used in the development of a

system of fuel, such as rule-based knowledge is

knowledge represented in a form of facts (facts) and the

rules (rules), frame-based knowledge, where knowledge

is represented in a form of hierarchical or network frames

and object-based knowledge is knowledge that is

represented as a network of objects, whereas the case-

based reasoning is knowledge represented role in the form

of conclusions, a rule based on the forward and backword

chaining the search mechanism5.

Fig 1. The Basic Concepts of Expert Systems Health education is the expansion of knowledge and

abilities through practice techniques learned or instructions

with the aim of changing or influencing human behavior

becomes more self-sufficient in achieving a healthy lifestyle6.

Health education can not be separated from the media

because the media is giving the message delivered by

attractive and understandable, so that the target can learn the

message. good educational media is media that is able to

provide information or health messages that correspond to

the target acceptance rate. Thus, the target is willing and able

to change the behavior according to the message7. A healthy

tooth is teeth clean without holes . So with good dental care

and regular basis as already explained before . If there are

cavities, immediately patched . Some tooth decay that occurs

because of the food or beverage among other things, sweet

foods like chocolate and sticky like dodol if not immediately

brush or mouthwash will be left behind and cause tooth

decay. also drinks such as tea, coffee, soft drinks (coca-cola

etc.), and cigarettes can cause a thin layer on the tooth called

the stain so teeth color so dull, brownish, shown in Figure 2.

Fig 2. A Healthy Mouth, (a) Tooth Decay, (b) The

part of the tooth , (c) Some Crowns and Healthy Gums.

Forward chaining is a chain that is searched or

passed or crossed from a problem to obtain a solution.

Reasoning from the fact to the conclusion that there is

real8. Forward chaining is a group of multiple inference

who do search of a problem to the solution. Forward

chaining is a process that begins tracing display collection

of data or facts that convincingly towards of final

conclusion. So the forward chaining method starting from

the input information (if) first and then to conclusion

(then) or can be modeled as follows: IF (information

input) THEN (conclusion) Information feedback can be

data, evidence, findings or observations, while the

conclusion may be of interest , explanation, or diagnosis,

shown in Figure 39. A typical production rule is given

below:

A = 1 IF A = 1 AND B = 2

B = 2 THEN C = 3 D = 4

IF C = 3 THEN D = 4

Fig 3. Process of Forward Chaining Method

The statement of the rule above Feed back focused

on the data that must be available before the outputs can

RESEARCH ARTICLE Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 12344-12348, 2017

3

be obtained. Conditions were on the conditions that must

apply before action can be taken. Centralized data on the

information that must be provided so that a result can be

obtained10,11

. While the action refers to activities that must

be done before the results can be expected. Clouse is a

kind of a sentence consisting of a subject, verb and object

stating some facts. At each clouseIf there is one and one

clouse Then. If the rules section may contain more than

one premise, and each containing clouse. Every rule that

has more than one premise called clouse compound and

linked by connecting words AND or OR. The premise

refers to the fact that must be true before certain

conclusions can be obtained.

4 EXPERIMENTAL RESULT

In the system of Forward Chaining,doing work

ahead to get what solutions follow the facts.There are

several steps that must be performed, such as collecting

data on dental and oral diseases through direct interviews

with an expert, the medical literature books and other

information media. After that designing the rules,

designed the interface and implementation, as in Fiigure

3.At the design stage with the aim that the rules do not

exist the same rules and that connectivity between clear

rules. In this research, formed 14 types of rules created by

29 symptoms of dental and oral diseases of 14 kinds of

diseases, such as in Table 1.In forward chaining method,

reasoning approach starting from a set of data in the form

of disease symptoms to get to a conclusion that is the

illness. In this expert system, this application provides a

list of questions about any symptoms suffered by the

patient so that the forward chaining method will be able

to diagnose and infer what diseases suffered.

Fig 4. Draft a Model

Table.1. Type of Diseases And Symptoms.

Results of forward chaining method in the research

was conducted on 15 patients who come to the dentist with two trials conducted by displaying the menu that can be accessed by the user, with a few menu options, as shown in Figure 5 and Table 2.

Fig 5. The Main Interface of Dental And Mouth Health

Based Multimedia

Table.2.Data of Patiens

Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 12344–12348, 2017 RESEARCH ARTICLE

4

Experiments conducted to test the accuracy of the

application of expert system analysis of the user to enter

the data on the facts and the application of this research in

the form of symptoms of the disease. This application can

generate diagnosis be the name of diseases that attack the

teeth and mouth, are shown in Figure 6.

Fig 6. Result of Diagnosis System With Forward

Chaining Method

5. CONCLUSIONS

Application of expert system of dental and oral

forward chaining method can produce a multimedia-based

diagnosis be the name of a disease that attacks the mouth

and teeth making it easier for the public or for the

diagnosis of the patient's teeth and mouth disease as well

as a media consulting intelligent enough for experts in

their field. With media of consulting, these applications

can be also deliver material about dental and oral health

care, how to brush teeth correctly, and some dental and

oral diseases and their causes, symptoms and treatment.

Each is supported by multimedia learning materials so

that sufficient material can be easily understood by

officers and participants extension. We have tested 15

patients using the real test that we collect from doctors

and test the system by using this application. And the

results obtained, the results of the application in

accordance with the results of the doctor, it's just that

there are some diseases that we do not use in this

application.

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Received: 30April 2016. Accepted: 30 October 2016

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