Advanced Embedded Systems for Wireless Applications

Presented by:

Ludy Liu

Autoliv Electronics Inc.

Lowell, Massachusetts

USA

Internet Of Things - What are the product trends?

• Smart Appliance – Refrigerator can tell you it’s time to order grocery.

• Autonomous Driving System (ADS)

• Advance Driving Assistance System (ADAS)

• Health Monitoring – Help people to stay healthy and monitor health

• Security and Surveillance System – Cameras, Bio-Sensing

• Tracking Systems – People, Objects

• Cloud-Based Customer Service and Data Collection – Predict buying trend and enhance user experience

• System On Chips

Car with Advanced Drive Assistance System (ADAS)

Autoliv - Develop Active Safety features for Autonomous

Driving System/Future Car

•Active Safety - Crash prevention. Save lives.

•Automotive radar devices

•Adaptive Cruise control systems -If driver does not take appropriate action in time and a crash is

about to happen, advanced radar systems can take control of

the vehicle to avoid the crash or lessen the accident’s severity.

-Direct a vehicle’s accelerator and braking systems.

-Control distance between vehicles.

•Radar sensors

-Range

-Angle

-Doppler velocity

-Determine driving situation

-Warn driver in potentially dangerous event

Smart car equipped with Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and Satellite communication.

Radar Sensor

Car Camera

Rain Detector

Display

Monitor

Satellite Radio

Device

Wearable Health Monitoring System

Wi-Fi

Accelerometer Proximity

Sensor

Battery

Sensor Real

Time

Clock

Microprocessor User

Interface Flash ROM

Display

GPIO

I2C Bluetooth

Device

Timers

UART SPIs

Server

data

data

Heart Beat

Sensor

Wireless Network with Multiple Sensors

Cloud-Based Network Management Services

Network

Management Device

Feature

Upgrade

Device

Authentication

Encryption/D

escrption

Data

Analysis Bandwidth

Management

Network Time

Synchronization

Subscriber

Service

Architecture Considerations for Advanced

Embedded Systems

• How does the architecture look like?

• What features need to be provided?

• Server Connection – Automatic product upgrade, Over The Air Software Download

• Processor Performance

• Wi-Fi Enabled

• Bluetooth Enabled

• Sensors – Accelerometers, Proximity, Gyroscope, Infra Red Sensor

• Image Processing/Pattern Recognition

• Tracking capability

• Real Time Clock

• Memory Requirement

• Power Saving Mode

How to make architecture decision?

Competition – What is out there already? What is not out there?

• Price vs Quality

• Accuracy vs Speed

• Performance Driven

• Market/Price Driven

• Standard Driven

• Time To Market

Processor Selection for Wireless Embedded Systems

Real Time Clock Power

Saving

Mode

16-32 Bits 48 Mbytes RAM

SOC

Bluetooth

Wi-Fi

GSM/3G I2C UART

SPI Floating

Point

Flash/EEPR

OM

Wireless Embedded System Design Challenges

Software processing bandwidth may become an issue

in the case when multiple events are triggered by multiple sensors within a

single device.

If there are multiple devices within a dense network,

Time Synchronization support among all devices within a network

is important.

It may be difficult to choose what real time operating system is suitable.

Performance benchmarking of commercial available RTOS

may be necessary.

Real Time Operation System (RTOS) – Task Prioritization

Tasks typically supported by a wireless embedded system:

• Network communications – Relatively long latency w.r.t

other tasks, retry is necessary sometime.

• Wireless communications –Relatively long latency w.r.t

other tasks, retry is necessary sometime

• Device driver communications – Timing is usually

predictable, Interrupt driven.

• Sensor Trigger Events – Critical events must have

relatively higher priority.

• Measurement Task – Timing is usually predicatable.

• Main Loop – Run Periodically.

Wireless Embedded System Mini RTOS

Mini RTOS design approach:

• Design State machine flow to reflect the entire program

flow of the embedded system to be implemented.

• Implement main loop according the pre-defined state

machine.

• Estimate task timings.

• Use timers and timer interrupts to trigger tasks according

to pre-defined cycle time.

• Use interrupts instead of polling for wireless and network

communication code.

Internet Of Things Example: Car-To-Car Wireless Communication

Link:

https://www.car-2-car.org/index.php?id=5

Link:

https://www.car-2-car.org/index.php?id=171

Vehicle with Advance Driving Assistance System Demo Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=etn-WMlpEHc