advance electromangnetic simulations and their applications in oil & gas industry

Advance Electromagnetic Simulations and their Applications in Oil & Gas Industry

Dr. C. J. Reddy, Fellow ACESVice President, Business Development-Electromagnetics, Americas

Copyright © 2014 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.

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Contents

• Introduction to Computational Electromagnetics (CEM )

• Overview and History of FEKO (now part of Altair!)

• FEKO Components and Technology

• FEKO Application Examples for Some Key Industries

• Application to Oil & Gas Industry


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Introduction to Computational Electromagnetics (CEM)


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What is Computational Electromagnetics (CEM)?

• Electromagnetic field phenomena are described

by Maxwell’s equations

• CEM is the numerical solution of Maxwell’s equation s

• CEM has become an indispensable industrial tool

Computer modeling Numerical analysis

CEM tool

e

m

v

v

E

H

dt

HdME

dt

EdJH

σε

σµ

µ

ε

1

1

=•∇

=•∇

−−=×∇

+=×∇


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Applications for Various Frequencies

• FEKO targets high frequency applications (electro-dynamic solvers), from around100 kHz to 100 GHz

• Low frequency applications (motors, transformers etc.):JMAG from JSOL Corporation available to Altair customers through APA

• Optical: FEKO includes some ray optical solvers capable of this, but not target market

OpticalHigh frequencyLowfrequency


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Overview and History of FEKO


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Introducing FEKO

FEKO is a global leading state of the art computer code that uses various frequency and time domain techniques to ana lyse a broad spectrum of electromagnetic problems.

FEKO - FEldberechnung bei Körpern mit beliebiger Oberfläche

Field Computation of Arbitrary Objects


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FEKO History

• 1991: Start of FEKO as part of Dr. Ulrich Jakobus

thesis at University of Stuttgart, Germany

• 1998: Joining forces with EM Software & Systems

(EMSS) in South Africa

• 2002: Opening offices in USA and Europe and

appointment of various resellers for other

regions (Korea, Japan, India, China, …)

to support the FEKO growth in these regions

• 2003: First interface to HyperMesh

• 2008: Joining the Altair Partner Alliance

as one of the 7 founding members

• 2011: Opening office in China

• 2014: Acquisition of EMSS (then

around 80 employees) by Altair


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Main FEKO Industry Sectors

Aerospace

Automotive

Defense

Communications Consumer Electronics

Energy

Healthcare


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FEKO Key Applications

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

Multiphysics Analysis and Optimization

Antenna Design Others ScatteringAntenna Placement


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What Customers say about FEKO

“The code is easy to use and is right in the sweet sp ot of the aircraft antennas that we build at

Northrop Grumman. The theoretical results match the flight data so well that we realised that

scale models were no longer as accurate as the pred icted data.”

- Northrop Grumman, USA

“For several years now, FEKO is our first choice ant enna design tool.”

- Rohde & Schwarz R&D Antennas, Germany

“Our antenna team has been using FEKO since 2003 for antenna design, analysis, performance

assessment and large structure scattering effects. We also found FEKO technical support to be

superior both in response time and technical compet ence of its team.”

- Lockheed Martin, USA

“In my opinion, FEKO has evolved to be the most comp rehensive generic electromagnetic (EM)

solver commercially available.”

- Department of National Defence, Canada


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FEKO part of Altair since 2014

• While FEKO is new to Altair, it is mature technolog y, for almost 25 years

in the market with a broad customer base for variou s types of

electromagnetic applications!

• All FEKO developers and specialists are now part of Altair!

• FEKO under HyperWorks Units (HWU) readily available for download in

Altair Connect and Client Center:


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FEKO Components and Technology


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Diverse Spectrum of Electromagnetic Problems

ELE

CT

RIC

AL

SIZ

E

COMPLEXITY OF MATERIALS

FDTD

FEM

MLFMM

MoM

UTD

PO/RL-GO

Full-wave Methods

(physicallyrigorous solution)

Asymptotic Methods(high-frequencyapproximation)

Hybridization to solve large and

complex problems


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Computational Kernel of FEKO

• Many special extensions (e.g. coatings, windscreen modelling, fast

ground simulations, low frequency stabilisation, th in dielectric sheets,

fast adaptive frequency interpolation, cable harnes s modelling,

optimizer, characteristic mode analysis, …)

• Parallelized (clusters and multicore, i.e. distribu ted and shared memory)

and GPU acceleration


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Pre-processor CADFEKO

• Sophisticated CAD

creation and manipulation

with Lua scripting

• CAD and mesh

import/export (also

interface to HyperMesh)

• Meshing for CEM

• EM solution setup:– Material parameters– Frequency– Loads and excitations– Solver specifications

• Optimization setup

• Output calculation requests


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Post-processor POSTFEKO

• Comprehensive post-processing and solution visualization with Luascripting

• Output quantities:– Near-fields– Radiation patterns– Input impedances– Coupling parameters

(S)– Currents/charges

• Export:– Data– Graphs– Animations– Automatic report

generation


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FEKO Application Examplesfor some Key Industries


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Antenna Analysis

• Wire antennas (Dipole, Helix, Yagi)

• Horn antennas

• Planar microstrip

• Large arrays

• Conformal antennas

• Broadband

• Reflector antennas


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L-Band Antenna Analysis on Dash 8 Q300

L-band 3D antenna pattern

FEKO simulation results Antenna measurement


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Antenna Placement on a Ship

• Ship size (Length 120m, Width 14m, Height 37m)

• Full wave analysis of antenna on ship with MLFMM at 370 MHz

• Ship Size in Wavelengths: Length 148 λ, Width 17 λ, Height 45.7 λ

• Unknowns: 3.25 million

• Memory requirement:

44 GByte for MLFMM versus 131 TByte of MoM

120m


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FM/TV Windscreen Antenna (WA) in Audi AU484

• Special windscreen antenna

solver in FEKO (curved thin

multilayer dielectric)

• Simulation compared with

measurements


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Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) System

A Novel Link Budget Approach for the Analysis of Automotive Remote Keyless Entry SystemsR. El-Makhour et al., VTC 2013

Typical keyless entry system scenario

Validation of the fob: comparison of the simulated and measured transmitter gain at 433.92 MHz

Key fob and corresponding FEKO model

Measured chamber test setup


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Radome Modeling

Multilayer radomes,also with anisotropicmaterials


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Modelling RFID Tag Reader Environment

RFID tag reader antenna on forklift in warehouse en vironment


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Automotive Cable Coupling Analysis

FEKO includes comprehensive cable harness

modeling tools.

Example: Coupling of external electro-

magnetic fields into cable harnesses


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Analysis of ECU-PCB Emissions at a Vehicle Level

Near fields of PCB imported into FEKO as an equival ent source for a high level simulation, which includes an antenna and a c able harness in a car

Cable Harness

Windscreen

Antenna


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Anechoic Chamber Modelling

Modeling the measurement setup in an anechoic chamb er andverification of the quiet zone (QZ)

Conductive Outer WallAbsorber

Antenna

10’10’

12.5’


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9 G

Hz

(HH

, VV

pol

.)

ISAR (inverse syntheticaperture radar) images

created with Lua scripts

NASA benchmark target

Radar Cross Section (RCS) Analysis


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Wind Turbine 3D Shadow Zone at 1 GHz

In collaboration with

Determination of 3D shadow zones behind wind turbin es


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ICNIRP Radiation Hazard Zones

ICNIRP radiation hazard zones for TETRA vehicle mou nted radio• Yellow - Public safety zone

• Red - Occupational safety zone


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Design of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Systems

The 7T birdcage head coil with head phantom showing B1+ field distribution, simulated with FEKO’s hybrid MoM/FEM.

0 0.5 uT


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PCB Level EMI – Noise Coupling Analysis

Complex PCB geometries (ODB++ or Gerber formats) ca n

be imported into FEKO for board level analysis, inc luding:• Noise interference with antenna feeds and sensitive components

• Coupling between traces and layers

• Component placing and shielding analysis

Modal current, mode #3, 1.7 GHz - original geometry Modal current, mode #3, 1.7 GHz – modified geometry


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Shielding Effectiveness for a PC tower

Study of the field leakage into the PC tower

Using FDTD with GPU acceleration as solver

1 GHz 6.5 GHz 12 GHz


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Application to Oil & Gas Industry


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Reference

Study on the Feasibility of Using Electromagnetic Methods for Fracture Diagnostics

by Natália Gastão Saliés, B.S.

Thesis

Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Master of Science in Engineering The University of Texas at Austin August 2012


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Oil & Gas – Projections for future

U.S. natural gas production, 1990-2035 (Tcf/yr) (U.S. EIA 2011)

“A large part of this increase will be used to fuel the expanding electricity generation demands.”

Shale gas is natural gas that is found trapped within shale formations.


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Hydraulic fracturing

Used in nine out of 10 natural gas wells in the United States, where millions of gallons of water, sand and chemicals are pumped underground to break apart the rock and release the gas.


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Hydraulic fracturing

• During a hydraulic fracturing job, high pressure water and proppant is injected down-hole. The proppant is a spherical particle with sufficient crush resistance in order to support the overburden formation and impede fracture closure. More often than not, the proppant is simply quartz particles (sand) with negligible electrical conductivity.

• However, for the application of EM technology for f racture diagnostics, electrically conductive proppant would be used in p lace of the traditional proppant in order to create an electric ally conductive fracture.

• Use of conductive proppant allows the measurements to sense the propped fracture geometry, which is the main contri butor for increased hydrocarbon flow


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Fracture Diagnostics using Antenna Resonance

Bi-winged fracture geometry used to study self-resonance.

Impedance and power output for a 100m rectangular fracture as a function of frequency


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Geometry used to study the communication between two dipole antennas on the outside of a bi-winged fracture



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Power received at Port 2 as a function of frequency

L = 200m L = 100m

σ=0 S/m, σf=PEC, εr=10



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Fracture Diagnostics using Low Frequency Induction


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Fracture Diagnostics using Low Frequency Induction


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Application to Oil & Gas Industry

Electromagnetic Methods for Fracture Diagnostics

• Antenna Resonance

• Low Frequency Induction


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Thank you!

If interested in more details, please visit the web site:

www.altairhyperworks.com/feko