adv networking report
TRANSCRIPT
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie CalmaPART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie
Calma
Layer 2 LAN Technologies
Part II Ethernet
Connections
LAILANIE M. CALMAPRESENTED BY:
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Commonly referred to as ETHERNET CARD and LAN ADAPTER
Provides the physical connection from a computer or network component to a wired or wireless layer 2 LAN media.
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
NIC Components
Interrupt Request Line (IRQ) Input/Output (I/O) address in memory A driver(software that interfaces with the NIC) MAC address
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie CalmaPART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie
Calma
CABLING TYPES
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
Cabling Types
LANs typically use either copper or fiber-optic cabling.
COPPER CABLING can include on strand of copper across
which an electrical voltage is transmitted or many strands of copper.
FIBER OPTIC CABLING uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and
lasers to transmit data.
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie CalmaPART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie
Calma
COPPER CABLING
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
COPPER CABLING
The Ethernet standards define three types of copper cabling:
THICKNET
THINNET
UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR (UTP)
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
THICKNET
also known as 10BASE5 or IEEE 802.3-1985 an Ethernet standard that requires a specialized coaxial cable to transmit Ethernet frames at a rate of 10Mbps. It derives its nickname, which is a portmanteau of "Thick Ethernet," from the thick coaxial cable it uses, which is 0.375 inches in diameter
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
THINNET
also known as 10BASE2, IEEE 802.3, or "CheaperNet," an early Ethernet standard that makes use of industry-standard RG-58 coaxial communications cables connected to BNC T-connectors. The standard has been nicknamed as such due to the thin and relatively inexpensive coaxial cables or "thinwire" used, which are 5 millimeters (0.2 inches) in diameter; "ThinNet" is a portmanteau of "Thin Ethernet."
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR
UnshieldedTwisted (why?) pairs of insulated conductorsCovered by insulating sheath
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR
UTP cable is a 100 ohm copper cable that consists of 2 to 1800 unshielded twisted pairs surrounded by an outer jacket.
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR
They have no metallic shield. This makes the cable small in diameter but unprotected against electrical interference. The twist helps to improve its immunity to electrical noise and EMI.
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
DISADVANTAGES OF COPPER CABLING
It is susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI)Distances of the cable are limited to a short haul
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
UTP CATEGORIES
Category 1 Voice only (Telephone)
Category 2 Data to 4 Mbps (Localtalk)
Category 3 Data to 10Mbps (Ethernet)
Category 4 Data to 20Mbps (Token ring)
Category 5Category 5e
Data to 100Mbps (Fast Ethernet)Data to 1000Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet)
Category 6 Data to 2500Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet)
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
RJ-45 CONNECTOR
The two endpoints of a UTP cable have an RJ-45 connector.Similar to a telephone connector (RJ-11), except that the RJ-45 is about 50% larger in size.
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
UTP PINOUT COLORS
Color Pin (T568B)
White/Orange 1
Orange 2
White/Green 3
Blue 4
White/Blue 5
Green 6
White/Brown 7
Brown 8
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
STRAIGHT-THROUGH
All order of the wirings is the same as the other side.
1→81 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma04/13/2023
STRAIGHT-THROUGH
Host A Host B
Pin Usage Color Color Usage Pin
1 Tx+ Tx+ 1
2 Tx- Tx- 2
3 Rx+ Rx+ 3
4 -- -- 4
5 -- -- 5
6 Rx- Rx- 6
7 -- -- 7
8 -- -- 8
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
WHEN TO USED A STRAIGHT-THROUGH CABLE?
PC/SERVER
SWITCH
ROUTER
HUB
STRAIGHT-THROUGH CABLE
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
CROSS OVER
We need to change the order of the transmission and receiving wirings.
1→81 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma04/13/2023
CROSSOVER
Host A Host B
Pin Usage Color Color Usage Pin
1 Tx+ Tx+ 1
2 Tx- Tx- 2
3 Rx+ Rx+ 3
4 -- -- 4
5 -- -- 5
6 Rx- Rx- 6
7 -- -- 7
8 -- -- 8
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
WHEN TO USED A CROSSOVER CABLE?
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie CalmaPART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie
Calma
FIBER OPTIC CABLING
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
Fiber-Optic
Fiber optics (optical fibers) are long, thin strands of very pure glass about the diameter of a human hair. They are arranged in bundles called optical cables and used to transmit light signals over long distances
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
Fiber-Optic PartsCore - Thin glass center of the fiber where the light travelsCladding - Outer optical material surrounding the core that reflects the light back into the coreBuffer coating - Plastic coating that protects the fiber from damage and moistureHundreds or thousands of these optical fibers are arranged in bundles in optical cables. The bundles are protected by the cable's outer covering, called a jacket
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
Fiber-Optic Cabling
Used to provide very high speeds and to span connections across very large distances.Advantage: Great with 100Gbps and distances
greater than 10kilometers
Disadvantage: Expensive to implement, difficult to
troubleshoot and difficult to install
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
Two Types of Fiber
Multimode (MMF)
Singlemode (SMF)
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
Multimode Fiber
Transmits 850 to 1300 nanometer wavelengths of lightFiber thickness is 62.5/125 micronsThe core and cladding diameter is in the 50 to 100 micronLight is transmitted using LED
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
Singlemode Fiber
Transmits 1300 to 1550 nm light and uses a laser as the light source.
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie CalmaPART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie
Calma
ETHERNET MEDIA TYPES
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
Cable Type Comparisons
Cable Distance Data Rates Comparison
UTP 100 meters 10 Mbps – 1 Gbps Easy to install but is susceptible to interference
Coaxial 500 meters 10 – 100 Mpbs Easy to install but its difficult to troubleshoot
Fiber 10 kilometers 10 Mbps – 100 Gpbs Difficult and expensive to install, difficult to troubleshoot, but can span very long distances and is not susceptible to interference.
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
10Mb Ethernet Properties
Ethernet Type Distance Limitation Cable Type Interface Type
Physical Topology
Logoical Topology
10Base5 500 meters Thicknet AUI BUS BUS
10Base2 185 meters Thinnet BNC BUS BUS
10BaseT 100 meters UTP RJ45 STAR (HUB) BUS
100BaseTX 100 meters UTP CAT 5 Rj45 STAR (HUB) BUS
100BASEFX 400 meters halfduplex2000 meter full duplex
MMF 62.5/125 micron with SC and ST connectors
Rj45 STAR (HUB) BUS
100BaseT4 100 meters UTP CAT 3, 4,5 Rj45 STAR (HUB) BUS
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie Calma
1 Gbps Ethernet Properties
Ethernet Type Distance Limitation Cable Type
1000BaseCX 25 meters Shielded twisted pair (STP) copper
1000BaseLX 3 – 10 kilometers SMF
1000BaseSX 275 meters MMF
1000BaseT 100 meters CAT 5E and CAT 6 UTP (RJ45)
1000BaseZX 100 meters SMF
PART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie CalmaPART II- Ethernet Connections by Lailanie
Calma
THANK YOU!