ads-b regulations, standards and guidance

Federal AviationAdministration

ADS-B Regulations, Standards and Guidance

Presented by: Don Walker FAA (AIR-130)

Presented to: ICAO ADS-B Seminar

2Federal AviationAdministrationADS-B Standards and Guidance

Overview• US ADS-B Final Rule• ADS-B Published Standards

– Flight Standards– ADS-B Out– ABS-B In

• ADS-B Applications Currently in Development• TCAS II Future Activities

3Federal AviationAdministrationADS-B Standards and GuidanceSurveillance and Broadcast Services 3Federal AviationAdministration 3

US ADS-B Final Rule: Overview

• On May 27, 2010, the FAA published the Final Rule for ADS-B Out equipage– Mandates performance requirements for ADS-B avionics that

will be required to fly in certain airspace by 1-Jan-2020– ADS-B Out transmits location information received from a

Global Navigation Satellite System out of the aircraft to ADS-B ground stations and to other aircraft equipped to receive ADS-B broadcasts. The rule does not preclude other navigation source methods.

– This rule does not mandate ADS-B In• A new Aviation Rulemaking Committee (ARC) was chartered in

June 2010 to address ADS-B In strategy


ADS-B Final Rule: Dual Frequencies• Two frequencies have been designated for ADS-B

transmissions in the National Airspace System:1. 1090 Extended Squitter MHz (1090ES) for commercial aircraft 2. Universal Access Transceiver 978MHz (UAT) for general aviation and

airport vehicles. This frequency is needed because of the high-bandwidth required to transmit the weather data that is most beneficial for general aviation aircraft.

• The rule requires all aircraft flying in Class A airspace (Flight Level 180 and above) to transmit on the 1090ES MHz link

• The rule does not preclude aircraft from equipping with both the 1090ES MHz and 978MHz or general aviation equipping with 1090ES MHz


ADS-B Final Rule: Required in the following Airspace• Class A, B, and C airspace • Class E airspace areas at or above 10,000 feet MSL over the 48

contiguous United States and the District of Columbia, excluding the airspace at and below 2,500 feet above the surface

• Airspace within 30 nautical miles (NM) of certain identified airports that are among the nation’s busiest (based on annual passenger enplanements, annual airport operations count, and operational complexity) from the surface up to 10,000 feet MSL. These airports are listed in appendix D to part 91.

• Above the ceiling and within the lateral boundaries of a Class B or Class C airspace area up to 10,000 feet mean sea level (MSL)

• Class E airspace over the Gulf of Mexico at and above 3,000 feet MSL within 12 NM of the coastline of the United States


ADS-B Final Rule: Required Airspace(In Green)

Note: 1090MHz ES link is required above FL180


AC 90-114

DO-317

2009 2010 2011 2012

TSO-C195 ADS-B In

TSO-C154c TSO-C166b

DO-260BDO-282B

ADS-B Out – transmission and receipt of ADS-B informationInitial ADS-B-In applications– basic airborne and surface situation awareness, enhanced visual approach (US standards, not harmonized with Europe)Revised ADS-B-In applications – basic airborne and surface situation awareness, visual separation on approach, ITP (all harmonized with Europe)

ITP Policy Memo(Joint guidance from AIR & AFS)

AC 20-165

TSO-C195a ADS-B In

RTC

A S

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FAA

Gui

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20-series ACs providing installation guidance from Aircraft Certification

90-series AC provides operations guidance from Flight Standards

AC 20-165A3Q 2012

US ADS-B Standards & Guidance

AC 20-172

AC 90-114 with ITP Appendix

3Q 2012

AC 20-172A

DO-317ADec 2011


ADS-B Published Standards – ADS-B Out• RTCA documents

– RTCA DO-260B plus Corrigendum (errata)– RTCA DO-282B plus Corrigendum (errata)

• TSO– TSO-C166b– TSO-C154c

• Advisory Circular– AC 20-165

• FAA Policy Memo– Approval of ADS-B Out Systems


• No authorization required for ADS-B Out in US– Requires Version 2 avionics to be visible to ATC (DO-260B, DO-282B)

• Authorization for ADS-B Out where required by other States

– Example A353 for Canada, Australia or others which reference AMC 20-24

• Authorization required for ADS-B In applications

– For other than situational awareness

Operational Approval Strategy


• Initial authorizations requires headquarters review/approval

– For duration of operational evaluation– Based on existing standards, policy – For specific airlines– Example A354, for ITP

• Ultimately authorization to be approved by Regional/Local authority

– Once operational requirements are understood– With published guidance

Operational Approval Strategy


• Policy Memorandum (May 2010)– Clarifies and amends DO-312 (ITP SPR)

• Requires conformance monitoring throughout procedure• Requires graphical display to monitor relative position of

A/C• Requires DCPC, recommended CPDLC

– Requires TCAS Validation of Version 0 and 1 Traffic

– Requires velocity validation

Cert and Ops Approval Basis – ITP example


• Policy Memorandum (May 2010)– Interim Policy and Guidance for ADS-B ASA

Systems Supporting Oceanic In-Trail Procedures (ITP)

– Between Flight Standards and Aircraft Certification Services

– Forms airworthiness and operational approval basis• Until Technical Standards Order (TSO) and ITP AC

published

Cert and Ops Approval Basis – ITP example


OpSpec A354 Highlights – ITP example• Airworthiness requirements

– Must be installed by TC or STC– Must have an approved maintenance program with

instructions for continued airworthiness (ICA)• ITP Equipment specific requirements

– CDTI may be hosted on EFB (Auxiliary Display)– EFB must be Class 3, with type C software

• Airplane flight manual– Must incorporate ADS-B and ITP subject matter


OpSpec A354 Highlights – ITP example• Required flight crew/dispatch training

– Must complete approved training– ITP specific operating procedures and limitations– MEL considerations, flight planning and ITP

communications• Aircraft authorization

– Specifies each aircraft by serial number– Specifies ITP configuration

• Surveillance processor, transponder and display by part number


• AC 90-114, Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) Operations

– General ADS-B guidance– Appendix for A353, ADS-B OUT OPERATIONS

OUTSIDE OF U.S.-DESIGNATED AIRSPACE– Appendix for ITP by end of September 2012

• Incorporates lessons learned from Operational Trials• Will supersede ITP Policy Memo

– Appendices for other ADS-B In operations will come• As the operational and training issues are understood

ADS-B Guidance


ADS-B Published Standards – ADS-B In• RTCA documents

– RTCA DO-317A• TSO

– TSO-C195a• Advisory Circular

– AC 20-172A

• ADS-B documents can be found at:– RTCA documents - www.rtca.org– FAA documents - http://rgl.faa.gov/

http://www.rtca.org/

http://rgl.faa.gov/


ADS-B Applications in Published Standards• Enhanced Visual Acquisition (EVAcq)• Basic Airborne (AIRB)• Visual Separation on Approach (VSA)


ADS-B Applications in Published Standards• Basic Surface (SURF)


ADS-B Applications in Published Standards• In Trail Procedures (ITP)


ADS-B Applications Currently In Development• Traffic Situational Awareness w/ Alerts (TSAA)• Interval Management (IM)• CDTI Assisted Visual Separation (CAVS)


TCAS Activities• Revised TCAS standards

– Modification to the TCAS II MOPS In-Band Acceptance requirements to document TCAS and ADS-B combined receiver

– Improving spectrum efficiency of Hybrid surveillance• Published a report of recommendations for

future collision avoidance systems• Research commencing on next generation

of TCAS – called “ACAS X”


Don WalkerFAA AIR-130 Surveillance Team Lead

[email protected] Phone: 202-385-4821

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