adriana gioda , 1 - cohemiscohemis.uprm.edu/dust/talks/05_agioda.pdf · adriana 1gioda , carlos j....

17
Adriana Gioda 1 , Carlos J. ValleDiaz 2 , Olga L. MayolBracero 2 1 Pontifical University Catholic, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2 Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA

Upload: others

Post on 24-Aug-2020

2 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Adriana Gioda , 1 - CoHemiscohemis.uprm.edu/dust/talks/05_agioda.pdf · Adriana 1Gioda , Carlos J. Valle‐Diaz2, Olga 2L. Mayol‐Bracero 1Pontifical University Catholic, Rio deJaneiro,

Adriana Gioda1, 

Carlos J. Valle‐Diaz2, 

Olga L. Mayol‐Bracero2

1Pontifical University Catholic, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil2Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA

Page 2: Adriana Gioda , 1 - CoHemiscohemis.uprm.edu/dust/talks/05_agioda.pdf · Adriana 1Gioda , Carlos J. Valle‐Diaz2, Olga 2L. Mayol‐Bracero 1Pontifical University Catholic, Rio deJaneiro,

The study of chemical composition of clouds is very important to identify local and long‐distance transport of pollutants.

Species present in cloud water can be an essential source of nutrients to the ecosystems.

Measurements in background environments is crucial to understand anthropogenic influences. 

Few studies have been done in marine remote areas.

Introduction

Page 3: Adriana Gioda , 1 - CoHemiscohemis.uprm.edu/dust/talks/05_agioda.pdf · Adriana 1Gioda , Carlos J. Valle‐Diaz2, Olga 2L. Mayol‐Bracero 1Pontifical University Catholic, Rio deJaneiro,

PR is located in the tropics. Weather dominated by north‐easterly trade winds minimizing the effects of  anthropogenic sources. background aerosols, mineral dust

High frequency of clouds providing a region where the interaction of aerosols with clouds can be studied.  Ex. Pico Este

Why Puerto Rico is  attractive for  cloud and aerosol studies?

Page 4: Adriana Gioda , 1 - CoHemiscohemis.uprm.edu/dust/talks/05_agioda.pdf · Adriana 1Gioda , Carlos J. Valle‐Diaz2, Olga 2L. Mayol‐Bracero 1Pontifical University Catholic, Rio deJaneiro,

Objectives

To identify the origin of air masses sampled.

To determine the impact of African dust on the chemical composition of cloud water collected at Pico Este, PR.

Page 5: Adriana Gioda , 1 - CoHemiscohemis.uprm.edu/dust/talks/05_agioda.pdf · Adriana 1Gioda , Carlos J. Valle‐Diaz2, Olga 2L. Mayol‐Bracero 1Pontifical University Catholic, Rio deJaneiro,

Sampling SitePico Este, Puerto Rico  (18o 16' N, 65o 45' W)

Rainforest (El Yunque National Forest) ~ 1050 m aslEcological reserveClouds are present 70% of the yearPeriod: 2004‐2010Experiments:-RICO (Rain In Cumulus over the Ocean Experiment)- PRACS (Puerto Rico Aerosol and Cloud Study)‐PRADACS (Puerto Rico African Dust and Clouds Study)

Rainforest (El Yunque National Forest) ~ 1050 m aslEcological reserveClouds are present 70% of the yearPeriod: 2004‐2010Experiments:-RICO (Rain In Cumulus over the Ocean Experiment)- PRACS (Puerto Rico Aerosol and Cloud Study)‐PRADACS (Puerto Rico African Dust and Clouds Study)

Page 6: Adriana Gioda , 1 - CoHemiscohemis.uprm.edu/dust/talks/05_agioda.pdf · Adriana 1Gioda , Carlos J. Valle‐Diaz2, Olga 2L. Mayol‐Bracero 1Pontifical University Catholic, Rio deJaneiro,

CASCC2: Caltech Active Strand Cloud Water Collector ‐ equipment used to collect cloud water samples.

Sampling

Page 7: Adriana Gioda , 1 - CoHemiscohemis.uprm.edu/dust/talks/05_agioda.pdf · Adriana 1Gioda , Carlos J. Valle‐Diaz2, Olga 2L. Mayol‐Bracero 1Pontifical University Catholic, Rio deJaneiro,

Chemical Analyses

pH, Conductivity,TOC/TN

DOCICICP

ScanningElectronMicroscopy-EnergyDispersiveSpectroscopy(SEM-EDS)

Withoutfiltration

Filtration(quartz filter) Filtration (0.45 µm)

Cloud water

Page 8: Adriana Gioda , 1 - CoHemiscohemis.uprm.edu/dust/talks/05_agioda.pdf · Adriana 1Gioda , Carlos J. Valle‐Diaz2, Olga 2L. Mayol‐Bracero 1Pontifical University Catholic, Rio deJaneiro,

Origin of the Air Masses

Air Mass Backward Trajectories Runs were based on the NOAA ARL HYSPLIT model (HYbrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory  (http://ready.arl.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT.php) 

Daily AOT Satellite Images Daily satellite images from NOAA / NESDIS (http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/aerosol/satellite/noaa‐aer/noaa‐daily‐images)

Page 9: Adriana Gioda , 1 - CoHemiscohemis.uprm.edu/dust/talks/05_agioda.pdf · Adriana 1Gioda , Carlos J. Valle‐Diaz2, Olga 2L. Mayol‐Bracero 1Pontifical University Catholic, Rio deJaneiro,

ResultsClean and African Dust Periods 

African Dust

CleanN = 25

N = 18

Examples of AOT satellite images and HYSPLIT trajectories

Page 10: Adriana Gioda , 1 - CoHemiscohemis.uprm.edu/dust/talks/05_agioda.pdf · Adriana 1Gioda , Carlos J. Valle‐Diaz2, Olga 2L. Mayol‐Bracero 1Pontifical University Catholic, Rio deJaneiro,

ResultspH and Conductivity in Cloud Water

Page 11: Adriana Gioda , 1 - CoHemiscohemis.uprm.edu/dust/talks/05_agioda.pdf · Adriana 1Gioda , Carlos J. Valle‐Diaz2, Olga 2L. Mayol‐Bracero 1Pontifical University Catholic, Rio deJaneiro,

ResultsOrganic and Nitrogen Concentrations for Cloud Water Samples

Page 12: Adriana Gioda , 1 - CoHemiscohemis.uprm.edu/dust/talks/05_agioda.pdf · Adriana 1Gioda , Carlos J. Valle‐Diaz2, Olga 2L. Mayol‐Bracero 1Pontifical University Catholic, Rio deJaneiro,

ResultsDOC/TOC and ON/TN Ratios

Page 13: Adriana Gioda , 1 - CoHemiscohemis.uprm.edu/dust/talks/05_agioda.pdf · Adriana 1Gioda , Carlos J. Valle‐Diaz2, Olga 2L. Mayol‐Bracero 1Pontifical University Catholic, Rio deJaneiro,

ResultsWater‐soluble Ions and Metals in Cloud Water

Sea salt (Na+, Cl-) - 77%Soil (nss-Ca2+, Fe, Al) - 3%Anthropogenic species - 4%

Sea salt (Na+, Cl-) - 55%Soil (nss-Ca2+, Fe, Al) - 21%Anthropogenic species - 10%

Page 14: Adriana Gioda , 1 - CoHemiscohemis.uprm.edu/dust/talks/05_agioda.pdf · Adriana 1Gioda , Carlos J. Valle‐Diaz2, Olga 2L. Mayol‐Bracero 1Pontifical University Catholic, Rio deJaneiro,

Filtered cloud water

SEM image

The EDS analyses showed that the predominant species (Si, Al, and Fe) were of crustal origin.

Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS)

ResultsChemical Characterization of Insoluble Particles Suspended in Cloud Water – African Dust Period

Page 15: Adriana Gioda , 1 - CoHemiscohemis.uprm.edu/dust/talks/05_agioda.pdf · Adriana 1Gioda , Carlos J. Valle‐Diaz2, Olga 2L. Mayol‐Bracero 1Pontifical University Catholic, Rio deJaneiro,

ResultsAfrican Dust/Clean Concentration Ratios

Page 16: Adriana Gioda , 1 - CoHemiscohemis.uprm.edu/dust/talks/05_agioda.pdf · Adriana 1Gioda , Carlos J. Valle‐Diaz2, Olga 2L. Mayol‐Bracero 1Pontifical University Catholic, Rio deJaneiro,

Conclusions Back trajectories  and AOT satellite images provided information in terms of the possible origin of the air masses sampled.

Average pH was higher during African dust (6.3) than clean  (5.8) periods probably due to higher concentrations of Ca2+.

The levels of Ca2+, Fe and Al were 5 to 10 times higher during African dust periods. 

Organic and nitrogen concentrations were 2 to 4 times higher during African dust periods than in clean.

African dust represent an essential source of cations and nitrogen to Puerto Rican ecosystems.

Page 17: Adriana Gioda , 1 - CoHemiscohemis.uprm.edu/dust/talks/05_agioda.pdf · Adriana 1Gioda , Carlos J. Valle‐Diaz2, Olga 2L. Mayol‐Bracero 1Pontifical University Catholic, Rio deJaneiro,

Thank you for your attention!

Acknowledgments‐ El Yunque National Forest and Conservation Trust of Puerto Rico‐ National Science Foundation for the financial support (Grants ATM 

0342548 and DEB 0620910)‐ Dr. Jeff Collett, from Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA‐ Partners from the Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory at UPR‐RP‐ IGAC for the  travel grant