adr gdr

What is DR?

DR means depository receipt of anything.

TYPES OF DR AVAILABLE IN MARKET

ADR GDR EDR / SDR IDR

DRs - what are they and how do they work?

Company - comply policies of stock exchanges

Investing directly - expensive, risky, problematic

Investing indirectly - DRs

Receipt - predefined number of shares

Listed on stock exchanges

ADR - Infosys

GDR - RIL

IDR

Mechanism for ADR, GDR and IDR

• ADR Programs formed in1927

Sponsered / Unsponsored shares

Level I

Level II (listed)

Level III (offering)

Restricted programs - 144-A and Regulation S

Comparison Level I & II

360° Perspective of ADR/GDR/IDR

• Investor Perspective

• Company Perspective

• Economy Perspective

Investor Perspective

• Global portfolio• Benefits of higher risk; higher return equities• Quoted and traded in U.S. Dollars• Settlement of trade as per US system (T+3)• Easy access to markets • Transparency• Lot of research on Co available in market• Tax efficient • Prompt dividend payments

Company Perspective

• Raise capital from international market.• Enlarged investor base.• Greater exposure & Share’s liquidity.• Boosting the company's prestige. • International shareholder base.• Stock-swap acquisition. • Costs of Cross Listing.• Reduce Volatility and cornering of share

Company Perspective

• Arbitrage opportunities

Buy DRSell local stock in India

Convert shares from DR to localDeliver shares

to stock exchange in

India

Deposit proceeds in Indian bank

account

Repatriate funds

Economy’s Perspective

• Coupling of global economies• Risks– Political Risk – Exchange Rate Risk– Inflationary Risk

• Impact on Company’s Valuation – Forex exposure• Policy Part

i. Capital Import Neutralityii. Capital Export Neutrality

Regulations: Issue of ADRs/GDRs by Indian Companies

Issue ADRs/GDRs if eligible in terms of the Scheme for Issue of FCCB and OS (Through DR) Scheme, 1993 and guidelines issued by MoF, GoI

Co. should not be ineligible to issue shares to non-resident persons in terms of the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA)

Foreign investment - GDRs, ADRs - treated as FDI

No restriction on the number of GDRs/ADRs/FCCBs floated by a co. or a group of cos. in a financial year

No end use restrictions on GDR/ADR issue proceeds – except ban on ‐investment in real estate and stock markets

Two-way Fungibility Scheme of ADR/GDR/IDR

Registered broker in India can purchase shares of Indian co. on behalf of a person resident outside India to convert the shares so purchased into ADRs/GDRs

Purchase and re-conversion of shares which is equal to or less than the number of shares emerging on surrender of ADRs/GDRs which have been actually sold in the market

Benefits of FungibilityImprovement in liquidity andElimination of arbitrage

ADRs & GDRs

Procedure for making IDR Issue

Cannot raise funds in India by issuing IDR without permission from the SEBI

Application seeking permission made to the SEBI at least 90 days prior to the opening date of the issue with a non-refundable fee of US $10,000

Issuing co. shall obtain necessary approvals/exemption from the appropriate authorities from the country of its incorporation under the relevant laws relating to issue of capital

Issuing co. shall appoint an overseas custodian bank, a domestic depository and a merchant banker for the purpose of issue of IDRs

CASE STUDY STAN CHART-IDR

• Stan Chart opened its offering to Indian investor on 25 May 10 with a price band of Rs 100/- to 115/-.

• Standard Chartered fixed its issue price for Indian Depository Receipts at Rs 104 per unit.

• Every 10 IDRs represents one share of the bank.• The IDRs opened at the Bombay Stock Exchange

and National Stock Exchange on June 11


• Standard Chartered PLC’s Indian Depository Receipt, listed at Rs 106, exceeded expectations by Rs 2 or 1.92 per cent on the National Stock Exchange.

• FUNGIBILITY ISSUES• The SEBI regulations and the RBI circular state that

automatic fungibility of IDRs is not permitted. Therefore, fungibility of IDRs into the underlying shares would be permitted only after the expiry of one year period from the date of issue of IDRs and subsequent to obtaining RBI approval on a case-by-case basis


• Two way FUNGIBILITY.• One way FUNGIBILITY.• SEBI VIEW POINT.• IDRs shall be deemed to be “infrequently

traded” if the annualised trading turnover in IDRs during the six calendar months immediately preceding the month of redemption is less than five percent of the listed IDRs, said SEBI.

• RIGHT ISSUE BY STAN CHART-IDR.

Who can Invest in IDRs???Indian CompaniesQualified Institutional BuyersNRI’s and FII’s with permission of RBI

The IssueThe minimum issue size is Rs. 50 crores90% of the issue must be subscribedAutomatic fungibility is not permitted

adr gdr

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