Adolescents with Hearing Loss and Bullying:

A Call to ActionRachel Glade, Ph.D., Nannette Nicholson, Ph.D., Xinya Liang, Ph.D.,

Kimberly Frazier Ph.D., Krista Scruggs, M.S, & Lauren Burkhalter

Disclosures• Rachel Glade

– Speech-Language Pathologist, Listening & Spoken Language Specialist Certified Auditory Verbal Therapist, University of Arkansas Clinical Assistant Professor, Program Director for Communication Sciences & Disorders, member of ASHA, AG Bell, Global Foundation of Hearing Loss, NCRE, & President-Elect for the Arkansas Speech-Language Hearing Association

• Nannette Nicholson– Professor, Audiologist, Nova Southeastern University

• Xinya Liang– University of Arkansas Assistant Professor

• Kimberly Frazier– Speech-Language Pathologist, University of Arkansas Assistant Professor, Graduate Program

Coordinator for Communication Sciences & Disorders, member of ASHA and ArkSHA

• Krista Scruggs– Speech-Language Pathologist for Arkansas Children’s Hospital, member of ASHA and ArkSHA

• Lauren Burkhalter– None to disclose

Objectives

• Discuss bullying experience of adolescents with hearing loss

• Discuss results of feasibility study• Identify needs of future research

Bullying defined• The term bullying refers to an individual displaying

aggressive behavior that is intentional and perceived negatively by the target, repeated over time, and involves a power imbalance between the bully and the victim (Breivik & Olweus, 2015; Olweus, 1994a; Rettew, & Pawlowski, 2016).

Impact of bullying:• Emotional regulation• Self-esteem• Depression• Anxiety• Loneliness• Poor educational performance• Psychosomatic symptoms

Bullying Rates• Experience of Bullying & Victimization- 40 Countries- 23.4% (Craig et. al, 1998)

• Vulnerable populations = increased prevalence- National study, 34.1% (middle school); 26.6% (high school)

(Blake, et. al, 2012)- Visible technology contributed (Kouwenberg, Rieffe, Theunissen, &

de Rooij, 2012)

Current StudyPurpose: Investigate feasibility of exploring perceptions and experiences of adolescents who are deaf or hard of hearingMethod: - Mixed-method, electronic survey (Qualtrics)

- Based on modified Owleus Bullying Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ)

- $10 gift card for participant incentive- Recruitment:

- Partnered with Arkansas Children’s Hospital & Arkansas School for the Deaf

- Snowball sampling- Social media- Summer camp

Demographic Information

• Age Range: 10 – 18 years• Race/Ethnicity:

– African American (N=14)– Asian (N=5)– Hispanic or Latino (N=5)– White (N=40)– Other (N=5)– Not Reported (N=6)

Demographic Information

N= 73

Demographic Information

N= 73

Technology

N= 67

Communication Modality

N= 67Yes = 36

Victimization Defined

• Victimization is defined as the experience of being a target of the aggressive behavior imposed by other children/adolescents who are not siblings and not necessarily age-mates (Hawker & Boulton, 2000).

Perpetrators of bullying & Communication Modality

N= 66, Yes =15

Perpetrators of bullying

N = 6651 responded “No”*Data above represents “Yes”

Strategies to Reduce Victimization1. Explore Identity2. Improve language and social communication3. Facilitate self-determined learning support

– Set a goal– Take Action– Adjust(Spangler & DeConde Johnson, 2017)

Future Research

• Determine additional potential risk factors for victimization

• Design interventions specific to adolescents and children with hearing loss

Current Research

• Manuscript under review

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