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2008-2009 Referee Recertification Clinic

http://www.usavolleyball.org/

• Rules Review & New• The Tough Calls/Sanctions• Delivering the Message• Continuing Points of Emphasis• Technique New & Review • Ancient History• Dress to Impress• Maintaining Your Certification• Officiating Resources

2008-09 Significant Rule Changes

• USAV 4.3 (page 15): Add: (except the Libero).• Changed USAV 4.3: “If undergarments, including but

not limited to t-shirts, boxer shorts, tights, leotards, body suits, bicycle shorts, sports bras, etc., are worn in such a manner that they are exposed, they will be considered a part of the uniform. In that case, they must be similar and the same color for any team members (except the Libero) who wear such a uniform. Socks and sport shoes are not part of the uniform.”

• This clarifies the fact that the Libero uniform, which may include any exposed undergarments, need not be similar to, and must be a different, contrasting color from, the regular team uniform.


• USAV 4.5.1 (page 18): Delete: Casts.• Changed USAV 4.5.1: “It is forbidden to wear hats

or jewelry. An exception will be made for religious or medical medallions and, for adult competition, a flat band ring worn on the finger. If worn, medallions shall be removed from chains and taped or sewn under the uniform. If a ring, other than a flat band, cannot be removed, it shall be taped in such a manner as not to create a safety hazard. Braces, prosthetic limbs or headgear that may cause an injury or give an artificial advantage to the player must not be worn. If a brace, prosthetic limb or headgear is used, padding or covering may be necessary.”

• This change removes the possibility that a player may play while wearing a cast.


• Add: USAV 5.2.3.4 (page 21)• New USAV 5.2.3.4: “During play, the coach may give

these instructions while standing or walking within the free zone in front of his/her team’s bench from the extension of the attack line up to the warm-up area, no closer to the court than 1.75 m (5' 10") from the sideline and its extension, without disturbing or delaying the match. The extension of the attack line is drawn to a distance of 1.75 m (5’10”) from the sideline.”

• There wasn’t a distance requirement from the court for coaches while they walk or stand in their free zone during play. This would bring the USAV DCR into sync with what the FIVB is now applying in its competition.


• USAV 5.3.1 (page 22)• Deleted USAV 5.3.1: “While remaining on the bench,

the assistant coach(es) may give instructions to the players on the court.”

• Replaced with USAV 5.3.1: “One assistant coach at a time may leave the bench to give instructions to the players on the court. During play, this assistant coach may give these instructions while standing or walking within the free zone in front of his/her team’s bench from the extension of the attack line up to the warm-up area, no closer to the court than 1.75 m (5' 10") from the sideline and its extension, without disturbing or delaying the match. The extension of the attack line is drawn to a distance of 1.75 m (5’10”) from the sideline.”

2008-09 Significant Rule Changes• USAV 5.3.1 (page 22) continued

• There wasn’t a distance requirement from the court for coaches while they walk or stand in their free zone during play. This would bring the USAV DCR into sync with what the FIVB is now applying in its competition.

• Q & A - What does this really mean? 1) For teams with multiple assistant coaches on the bench, will the "one" assistant coach that is allowed to stand up be "one-at-a-time" per dead ball or will it be a pre-defined assistant coach prior to the start of the match/set? One at a time; but not just during a dead ball, at any time during play. There is no need to designate a "Stand-up Assistant" for a set or match.

• 2) Can that assistant coach talk to the referee? The Head Coach, Yes, within the usual limits specified in Rule 5.2.1. The Assistant Coach, No. The Rule (5.3.1) still says the assistant coaches have no right to intervene in the match.

2008-09 Significant Rule Changes• USAV 15.6f (page 48), 15.11.3 (page 52) and 16.1 (page 53)

• Deleted USAV 15.6.f: “The sanction for a wrong position entry request is an improper request.”

• Deleted USAV 15.11.3: “An improper request includes a player substitution that would result in a wrong position entry. Improper requests remain in force for the match.”

• Deleted USAV 16.1: “A delay in substitution results in refusing the request for that substitution. No additional request for substitution from that team may be made until the next interval when the ball is out of play.”

• Replaced with USAV 16.1: “A request for an illegal substitution or excess time-out shall result in an improper request. However, if such a request is acknowledged (i.e., whistled), a team delay sanction shall result. Any substitution request that is improper or causes a delay is denied. No additional request for substitution from that team may be made until the next interval when the ball is out of play.

• This more clearly explains that requests for an illegal substitution or excess time out result in a team delay if acknowledged (i.e. whistled) and are improper requests if not acknowledged.


• USAV 19.2a (page 56a)• Deleted USAV 19.2a: “It is recommended now and

required Nov. 1, 2009, that the Libero uniform must be a contrasting color and not include any color from the regular team jersey (excluding the color of the numbers). Color combinations such as purple/black, dark green/black, or navy/maroon are not distinctive enough to comply with the rules.”

• Replaced with USAV 19.2a: “The Libero player’s jersey must contrast in color with that of the predominant colors of the jerseys of the other team members. Color combinations such as purple/black, dark green/black, navy/maroon, and white/light yellow are not distinctive enough to comply with the rules.”


• SO WHAT DOES THIS MEAN TO YOU?

• The past Libero Jersey rule was too restrictive in not allowing a trim color on the jersey the same color as the regular team jersey. The proposed rule allows for some creativity in the jersey design while retaining the intent of the rule, which is to make the Libero uniform distinctive enough to be immediately recognized on the court.


• Add: USAV Rule 26.2.2.1 (page 71)• New USAV 26.2.2.1: “In addition to recording

the details of the Libero replacements, the assistant scorer records all substitutions.”

• The USAV Libero tracking sheet is different from the FIVB Libero control sheet. Per the USAV Domestic Competition Regulations, the Libero may replace a substitute. It is required that the assistant scorer must track all substitutions.


• Add: USAV 26.2.2.4 (page 71)• New Rule 26.2.2.4: “It is recommended

that someone other than the assistant scorer operate the manual scoreboard.”

• The primary responsibility of the assistant scorer is to track the Libero replacements, as well as all substitutions. If there is a separate person to operate the manual scoreboard, there is more chance that both tasks will be done correctly.

The Tough Calls – Ball Handling

• Only the most obvious violations will be whistled – The referee’s ball handling judgment must be in

accordance with the spirit of rules to encourage longer rallies and spectacular actions.

• When a player is not in a very good position to play the ball, ball handling judgment should be less severe.

• The referees’ role is to enhance the excitement of volleyball by allowing the spectacular elements of the game, and to highlight the skill and athleticism of the players.

• In all cases, referees must judge the contact of the ball, and not the technique or body position of the player.

The Tough Calls - Screening & Things to Consider

• Movement of players on serving team

• Speed / Trajectory of the serve, low and fast = greater chance of screen

• Separation of players• Players bending over• Rule 12.5.1 The players of

the serving team must not prevent their opponent, through individual or collective screening, from seeing the server or the flight path of the ball.

Area of possible screen.

No

t a

scre

en.

No

t a

scre

en.

The Tough Calls - Collective Block 1

All players in collective block higher than top of net

Block

No block

Block

Who’s a blocker? Who’s Not?

The Tough Calls - Collective Block 2

No block

No block

No block

Contact by qualified blocker?

1st Team Contact!

The Tough Calls - Back Row Attack

Top of net

Attack lin

eOn/in front

Not O

KO

K

The Tough Calls - Backrow Blocker

Illegal

1 st c

on

tact

1. Near the net2. Intercept ball from other side3. Part of body above height of net

The Tough Calls – Net Faults Net faults – Rule 11.3.1 states that “contact with

the net by a player is not a fault unless it is made during an action of playing the ball, or it interferes with the play”.

• There may be instances where a significant net contact is not ruled as a fault. For example, if the ball is being passed deep into the opponent’s back court, or the ball is very clearly going out of bounds untouched, then net contact of a significant magnitude by someone not playing the ball might not interfere with play. If that is the referees’ judgment, then no fault should be whistled. On the other hand, visualize a blocker who is sliding just a step or two toward the position where she is going to jump in an attempt to block. Even if the referees determine that the blocker is not yet playing the ball, her nearness to the play should result in less latitude being given to a net contact.

The Tough Calls – Net Faults• Criteria to consider when making net judgments may include:• Nearness to the play, • Magnitude of the contact, • Result of the play if obvious, • Distracting a majority of the participants• Moving the net to the extent that players who are playing the ball

are in jeopardy to either contact the net or misplay the ball. • Deflecting a ball through the net to prevent the natural

rebound of the ball is a fault if the player has placed a hand/hands in the flight path of the ball

• When questioned by a coach about why a net contact was ignored, referees should respond using the language of the rules. For example “The player who touched the net was not playing the ball, and the contact didn’t interfere with play”.

2424

The ball is set to the left front . . .

. . . player away from the ball contacts the net

Legal play

2525

Player crossing the path of the ball contacts the net . . .

net

The Tough Calls - Injuries

• Stop play immediately, not just on playing area, but injury occurring anywhere• Allow up to 30 seconds for assessment of

injury• If player is not ready to resume play after 30

seconds, a substitution or timeout must result• Allow sufficient time for injured player to be safely

removed from playing area

• No other substitution request may be made until injury is resolved


• Special injury timeout• Only used when there are no legal

substitutions available• Lasts a maximum of three minutes• Only one special injury timeout allowed per

player per match• Regular timeouts may be used in conjunction

with the injury timeout


• Priority of who may be an exceptional sub for an injured player• Person who has played in the same position

as the injured player during that set or any player that has not already been in the set

• Any player on the bench regardless of previous position played

• Libero

• An injured player replaced by exceptional substitution may not return to the match

The Tough Calls - Libero Injury Re-designation

• Injured Libero must first be replaced by the player s/he replaced

• Re-designation does not have to happen immediately, but can occur at coach’s discretion• Only a re-designated Libero may wear a bib or

vest; the number must be visible

• Re-designated Libero may be any substitute (players not in set at time of re-designation)

• Injured Libero may not return to the match once re-designation occurs

The Tough Calls - Blood Issues

• Stop play for blood on equipment • Stop play for blood on player and/or uniform• A bleeding player is treated as any other

injury (30 seconds to resume play); if additional time is needed to address blood on equipment or the court, that time may be used to enable the injured player to return

• Tournament host cleans up the blood• Uniform # can be changed, no duplicate

numbers allowed.

Protest? Did You Say Protest?

• Protest Procedures:• Must be lodged by captain; coach may act as captain

for 14 & Under competition• Time factors & criteria for lodging protests:

• Only protests of the misinterpretation of a rule, failure of the referee to apply the correct rule to a given situation, or failure to charge the correct sanction/penalty for a given fault shall be valid.

• Must be lodged prior to the next authorization for service.• A protest of the last point of a set must be lodged within 60

seconds of the interval between sets.• A protest of the last point of a match must be lodged before

the referees leave the court.

• No penalty for a protest that is not upheld

Fans Who Won’t Behave

• Crowd control• Event host or tournament management

should resolve• Send R2 to get the tournament director have

them handle the situation• Do not attempt to handle this situation

yourself• You are in charge of the match participants not the

spectators

Sanctions – General Rules• Only the R1 may issue sanctions; the R2 may request a

sanction from the R1• A player on the court must approach the stand to

acknowledge a sanction• The captain must approach the stand when requested to

acknowledge a sanction given to a team member on the bench

• The captain should go immediately to the bench to inform the team member, who should acknowledge the sanction while the R1 displays the card(s).

• Individual sanctions do not requires a previous warning or sanction

• All sanctions are in force for the duration of the match, including team delays

Sanctions – General Rules

• For simultaneous unsporting acts sanctions by opponents: The team member from the serving team shall be sanctioned first, followed by the team member from the receiving team. The sanctions are administered following the above procedures.

• For delay sanctions: The first referee will call the captain to the stand, indicate “This [delay sanction] is for [delay action],” while displaying the appropriate signal. The captain may inform the coach of the sanction for clarification purposes.

• For verbal (official) warnings: Verbal or hand signal warnings must be accompanied by a whistle and are notified directly to the team member being warned or through the team captain. Multiple warnings to the same team member during the same set/ match are permitted for minor unsporting conduct. Warnings can be issued after a sanction has been given to a player: warning-IYC- warning – warning …

Misconduct (individual)

Penalty:Rudeside out

Expulsion:Offensiveleave set

DQ:Aggressiveleave match

no point / no side out

Hand Signals

• Clear, visible and executed away from the body

• Held long enough to convey the call

• Complete each signal before displaying the next signal (indicate loss of rally/next team to serve before signaling fault, for example)

• Establish a consistent tempo; don’t rush

Hand Signals

• R1 signal sequence when making a call• Whistle to stop play• Indicate next team to serve/loss of rally• Signal nature of fault (and player at fault, if

necessary)

Hand Signals

• R2 signal sequence when making a call• Whistle very LOUD to stop play• Signal nature of fault (and player at fault, if

necessary) • Mimic R1’s indication of next team to serve/loss of

rally the R1 will not repeat the fault signal.

Whistle Technique

• Clear, sharp, and authoritative• Reaction time should result in whistle blown

promptly• Each interruption request requires a separate

whistle, including simultaneous requests by opponents during the same dead-ball period• If each team submits a request (sub, timeout, etc)

during the same dead ball, each team’s request must be whistled separately, even if the nature of the requests is the same, i.e., both request a substitution.

Whistle Technique

• Use various tones for different purposes (timeout, fault, substitution, injury, etc.)

• Separation of service whistle and signal to authorize service

• Separation of whistle and loss of rally signal (R1)

• Separation of whistle and fault signal (R2)

Continuing Points of Emphasis

1. The Libero must be designated on the lineup sheet for each set.

2. The Libero’s jersey or jacket must contrast in color (dark vs. light) to the color of the jersey worn by other members of the team.

3. Uniform numbers must be centered on the front and back of the team jerseys. The numbers must be a minimum of 10cm (4”) on the front and 15cm (6”) on the back.

4. Disruptive coaching includes loud or abusive language, comments to officials, comments to opposing teams, throwing of objects, and displaying disgust in an overt manner.


5. The server must be on the playing surface before the first referee authorizes the service.

6. A request for an illegal substitution shall result in an improper request. However, if such a request is acknowledged (i.e., whistled), a team delay sanction shall result.

7. During warm-ups, when one team has exclusive use of the court, the opposing team may warm up with practice balls in the free zone surrounding the court but may not interfere with the warm-up of the opponent, including serving practice.


8. During time-outs, line judges will stand at the mid-point of their respective end lines.

9. When a server takes a position within 1-2 meters of the line judge, the line judge must step behind the server along the sideline extension. After the service contact, the line judge should quickly return to the position at the intersection of the end line and sideline.

10. Despite any previous delay sanctions, a team’s first improper request of the match is rejected, and the improper request is assessed without any further penalty.

Techniques New & Review

Improper Request Signal

An improper request is signaled with a sweeping motion – the arm extended, open hand, and the palm facing away from the body on the offending team’s side of the court.

Requests for Set Interruption

When opponents request a set interruption (time-out, substitution, etc.) during the same dead-ball period, the second referee will acknowledge each team’s request with a separate whistle.

Antenna Plays

If the “pursuit rule” is not in effect and the ball is being pursued, the whistle should be blown immediately after any team hit or block that crosses the net partially or totally outside the crossing space.


Signal Sequence

The referees’ signal sequence must be clear and deliberate to avoid confusing the teams and spectators. The first referee may need to hold the loss of rally signal momentarily while the second referee gets into position at the end of the rally. The sequence should not be given so quickly that participants or spectators are unsure of the nature of the fault.

Change of Courts

The left arm, closed hand, is placed in front of the body, and the right arm, closed hand, is placed behind the body. A single twisting motion completes the signal. The left arm/hand will be behind the body and the right arm/hand will be in front of the body at the end of the signal.

Set/Match Point

Set and match point are signaled (by the R2 and Scorekeepers) by placing only the index finger across the body on the shoulder that corresponds to the side of the court of that team.


Communication with Coaches:• Coaches should be reminded of the requirement that they remain

1.75 meters (5’10”) from the court while the ball is in play. In addition, coaches should be notified of the consequences for failure to adhere to this rule, i.e., delay sanction.

• It is not required by rule that a coach be positioned near the substitution zone to make a request for game interruption (substitution, time-out, line-up check, etc). Should a coach be positioned away from the substitution zone when requesting a game interruption, the referees may need to remind that coach that there is a higher likelihood that the request will be noticed and acknowledged if the coach is positioned closer to the substitution zone when making such a request.

• If either referee notices the request, it should be acknowledged, regardless of the coach’s proximity to the substitution zone.


Set/Team CaptainDuring pre-set line-up checks, the set captain should be

indicated to the first referee by placing the arm, hand open and palm facing the floor, in the chest area and then indicating the captain by pointing, open hand, toward this player. This technique should also be used when the set captain is replaced by substitution or the Libero. The set captain should acknowledge this designation by raising a hand.

Time-outs & New Proceduresa) After signaling a time-out, both referees will indicate

the team requesting the time-out by pointing toward that team’s bench.

b) The second referee does not need to notify a team when that team has taken only one time-out in the set unless the team requests such information.


c) At the conclusion of a team’s second time-out in the set, the second referee will notify the coach that all team time-outs have been taken by displaying the time-out signal (Signal #10) and then showing two fingers

d) While the second referee is communicating this information to the team, the first referee will ensure that both teams are returning to the court.

e) The second referee will then quickly return to the proper position near the net post and then notify the first referee of the team’s time-out status in the same manner (showing two fingers). The first referee does not need to mirror this information.

f) It is not required for either referee to display team time-out information at the conclusion of each time-out unless this information is needed as a clarification.

Techniques New & Review“Ready” Signal

Raise both hands above the head, palms forward. This signal is used by a second referee after any regular set interruption or a delay to the resumption of play. It is also used by the scorer upon completion of recording a substitution(s), or at the end of a time-out. “Ready” means that the scorer has recorded all necessary information, the second referee is in proper position, all substitutes have taken their positions on the court, and that the court is ready for play. Referees should delay the “ready” signal until both teams and the officiating crew are prepared for the next rally.


Substitution Signal: Make a circular motion with closed fists and forearms. (No more open

HANDS) Two rotations are sufficient.Substitution Notification

With the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th team substitutions, the (second) referee will notify the coach by displaying the substitution signal, followed

by the number of team substitutions used during the set. (9 – 5 fingers on right hand and 4 fingers (no thumb) on the left hand, 10 – clenched

right fist, 11 – clenched right fist plus index finger of left hand, 12 – clenched right fist plus index and middle finger of left hand)


Authorization to Enter

After the second referee has noted the numbers of the substitute and the player leaving the court, the second referee will authorize the substitute to enter the set with a sweeping motion using the hand on the side of the court where the substitution is taking place. The hand/arm should move upward from the thigh area, palm open, to waist height


When the ball passes completely beyond the centerline or its extension below the net and between the net posts, the fault is indicated by pointing to the centerline with the index finger. The signal is given on the side of the net which corresponds to the team at fault.

Ball Crossing the Space Below the Net


Attack Hit Fault• Illegal attack /

Back Row Attack / Attacking the Serve

Raise the arm, hand open, on the side of the net of the offending player and make a downward motion over the net, palm down. Indicate the player at fault, if necessary, by pointing with an open hand.


End of Set or Match

The End of Set/Match hand signal (Signal #13) is made with hands open, crossed in front of the chest.

(1) End of Set or Match (R1)


Four hits: A team hits the ball four timesbefore returning it to theopponent. This includes plays in which theplayer who makes the fourthteam hit is not the same playerwho made the third team hit.

Double Contact -vs- Four

Hits

Double contact: Signaled when a player hits the ball twice in succession or the ball contacts various parts of his/her body in succession. This includes plays in which the same player makes the third and fourth team hits.


USAV Rule 4.3.3

“The players’ jerseys must be numbered in a permanent manner from 1 to 99. Duplicate numbers are not allowed.”

Impact: No taped numbers allowed.

USAV Rule 4.3.3.1 a

“Uniform numbers must be clearly visible and centered on the chest and back. Each jersey must use the same color and number height for all players except the Libero.

Impact: Centering of numbers placement is now mandatory.

Deleted USAV 4.3.3.1 b – Language moved to 4.3.3.1 a


USAV Rule 19.11

Edited USAV Rule 19.1.2 to read: “The Libero may be designated for the set and must be indicated on the line-up sheet for each set.”

IMPACT: Places a previous rule interpretation into the guidelines.

USAV Rule 19.3.3.1

“The player thus re-designated as Libero must remain as the Libero for the remainder of the set.

IMPACT: A player who takes over as Libero after a Libero re-designation may not return to the court as regular position player.

USAV Rule 23.3.3

“The team captains and the second referee are not required to sign the scoresheet.”

IMPACT: The first referee is now required to check and sign the scoresheet.

What Are Our Duties?• Playing officials

• Be ready to officiate immediately when scheduled

• It is your responsibility to keep the matches running on schedule

• Conduct the match per the tournament format

• With partner if applicable, introduce yourselves to coaches / captains, spending minimal but equal time with both

• Responsibilities begin with arrival courtside

• Paid or Non-playing officials• Arrive at least 30 minutes

prior to start time• Locate event manager or

tournament director• Determine format and

protocols• With partner if applicable,

introduce yourselves to coaches / captains, spending minimal but equal time with both

• Responsibilities begin with arrival courtside

Referee Equipment Everyone needs the following before you officiate

• Whistle with lanyard (2 recommended)

• Watch (with second hand or timer)

• Yellow and Red Cards

• Coin for coin toss

• Domestic Competition Regulations– (fancy name for the rulebook)

• Optional - net height measuring device

• Optional - ball pressure gauge and pump

Required UniformWhen you are working as an Official only (this is not on days you are playing)

• White (‘Certified Volleyball Official’) long- or short-sleeved polo shirt

• USAV referee patch• Dark navy blue slacks (NO jeans or faded pants)• Blue or black belt• Solid white shoes and white socks• Well-groomed and neat in appearance• Optional - Certified Official V-neck sweater

(approved for on-court wear by either referee)• Optional – white sweater vest (approved for on-

court wear by either referee)• Optional – NERVA windshirt (Regionals and up)

Things Everyone Must Do Every Year

1. Attend/View a NERVA Referee Clinic

2. Join NERVA/Yankee

3. Take Form A Exam, corrected to 100%

4. Be rated as R1 and R2• Provisionals – Every year • Regionals – Every other year

5. Work as a referee• Provisionals – One full tournament every season• Regionals – One full tournament every season

Referee Resources

USA Volleyball• http://volleyball.teamusa.org

• USA Women’s & Men’s National Volleyball Teams• 40 USAV regions• National competitions for juniors and adults• USAV Officials’ Division resources• Downloads – rule book, casebook, rule

interpretations and related officiating documents

• Chesapeake Region Referee Development• http://www.vball-life.org/officials/RDPListing.cfm

This Concludes the2008-2009 NERVA

Referee Recertification Clinic

GO TAKE YOUR TEST!

NERVA Password NEQ752

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Documents

new usav

libero uniform

deleted usav

usav dcr

significant rule changesusav

free zone

significant rule changesadd

attack line