adjective clause explanation

7/30/2019 Adjective Clause Explanation

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Adjective Clause

her man to


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PHRASES

A phrase is a group of related words that does

not contain a subject and a predicate.

A phrase is always a part of a sentence.

It is used as a part of speech, frequently doing

the work of an adjective, adverb, or noun.


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Clauses

A clause is a group of related words that containsa subject and verb.

Independent or main clauses are clauses that canstand alone by itself.

All basic sentences are main clauses.

subordinate or dependent clauses are clauses thatcannot stand alone by itself.

who sits in front row.when she came.

that the earth is round.


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Adjective Clause Adjective clause is a clause that perform the same

function in sentences that adjectives do, i.e. to modifynouns. It describes, identifies, or gives further informationabout a noun.

Compare!a. The teacher has a car. (Car is a noun.)

b. Its a new car. (New is an adjective which modifies car.)

c. The car that she is driving is not hers.

(That she is driving is an adjective clause which modifiescar. Its a clause because it has a subject (she) and apredicate (is driving); its an adjective clause because itmodifies a noun.)

Note:adjectives usually precede the nouns they modify; adjectiveclauses always follow the nouns they modify.


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Relative Pronouns

The subordinators in adjective clauses are calledrelative pronouns.

Kinds ofrelative pronouns in adjective clause:- who,

- whom,

- that,

- which,

- whose,- when,

- where.


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WHO

WHO replaces nouns and pronouns that refer

to people.

It cannot replace nouns and pronouns that

refer to animals or things.

It can be the subject of a verb.


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a. Professor Wilson is an excellent lecturer.

b. Heteaches chemistry.a+b = Professor Wilson who teaches chemistry 101

is an excellent lecturer.

a. Mr. Harrold is a scientist.

b. He defines specific gravity.

a + b = ?

a. Mr. Harrold is a scientist.

b. The scientist defines specific gravity.

a + b = ?


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WHOM

WHOM replaces nouns and pronouns that

refer to people.



It can be the object of a verb or preposition.

It cannot be the subject of a verb.


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WHICH

WHICH replaces nouns and pronouns that



refer to people.


It can also be the object of a verb orpreposition.


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THAT

THAT replaces nouns and pronouns that refer

to people, animals or things.


It can also be the object of a verb or

preposition

Note:thatcannot follow a preposition; whom,

which, and whose are the only relative

pronouns that can follow a preposition).


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WHOSE

WHOSE replaces possessive forms of nouns

and pronouns.

It can refer to people, animals or things.

It can be part of a subject or part of an object

of a verb or preposition, but it cannot be a

complete subject or object.

Whose cannot be omitted.


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a. The man is happy.

b. I found the mans wallet.

= The man whose wallet I found is happy.


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WHEN

WHEN replaces a time (in + year, in + month,

on + day, ...).

It cannot be a subject.

It can be omitted.


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a. I will never forget the day.

b. I graduated on that day.= I will never forget the day when I graduated.

The same meaning can be expressed in otherways:

I will never forget the day on which Igraduated.

I will never forget the day that I graduated.

I will never forget the day I graduated.


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WHERE

WHERE replaces a place (in + country, in + city,

at + school,...).

It cannot be a subject.

It can be omitted but a preposition (at, in, to)

usually must be added.


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a. The building is new.

b. He works in the building.

= The building where he works is new.

The same meaning can be expressed in otherways:

The building in which he works is new.

The building which he works in is new.

The building that he works in is new.

The building he works in is new.


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Adjective clauses can be restrictive or

nonrestrictive.

A restrictive adjective clause containsinformation that is necessary to identify the nounit modifies.

If a restrictive adjective clause is removed froma sentence, the meaning of the main clausechanges.

A restrictive adjective clause is not separatedfrom the main clause by a comma or commas.

Example: People who cant swim should not jumpinto the ocean.


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A nonrestrictive adjective clause gives additionalinformation about the noun it modifies but is not

necessary to identify that noun. If a nonrestrictive adjective clause is removed from a

sentence, the meaning of the main clause does notchange.

A nonrestrictive adjective clause is separated from themain clause by a comma or commas.

The relative pronoun that cannot be used innonrestrictive adjective clauses.

The relative pronoun cannot be omitted from anonrestrictive clause.

Example: Billy, who couldnt swim, should not havejumped into the ocean.


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Exercise

The cougar lives in deserts, forests, plains and

mountains, but according to scientists________ have studied the animal, it is

becoming endangered in some areas.

whose who

whom

which


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The cougar is a member of the cat family

______ grows to around 8 feet in length.

that

whom

which

who


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The cougar has powerful legs, ________ it

uses to climb and to jump into trees.

who

which

whom

whose


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Cougars sometimes prey on sheep and goats,

so they may be killed by the farmers ________

animals they attack.

who

which

whose

whom


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However, cougars very rarely attack humans,

of ________ they are usually afraid.

whom

which

that

who


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The man was sick. He looked very pale.

He was sitting in the emergency room. It was verycrowded.

A nurse was nearby. He called to her. The nurse called a doctor. He came quickly.

The doctor asked him to lie down. She lookedvery worried.

She gave the man an injection. It made him go tosleep.


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adjective clause explanation

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