ADD and ADHDADD and ADHDADD and ADHDADD and ADHDBrandon CookBrandon CookBrittany LorickBrittany LorickKaylan PenlandKaylan PenlandSarah LundquistSarah Lundquist

ADHDADHD

http://www.webmd.com/video/diagnosing-adhd

What is ADHDADHD?ADHD stands for Attention Deficit

Hyperactivity Disorder. There are 3 subtypes of ADHD. These

include the primarily inattentive type, primarily hyperactive/impulsive type, and the combined type. Each of these subtypes bears different symptoms

ADD stands for Attention Deficit Disorder

How prevalent is ADHD?

• 3-5% of all individuals have ADHD• It occurs in boys as opposed to

girls at a rate of 2 or 3 to 1• 3-7% of students have ADHD…

this makes ADHD the most commonly diagnosed childhood psychiatric disorder

The Brain and ADHDThe Brain and ADHD• ADHD brains are thought to have a

smaller prefrontal cortex• Most doctors agree that ADHD is the

result of a chemical imbalance in the brain, including the lack of dopamine and norepinephrine

Causes of ADHDCauses of ADHD• Heredity• Difficulties during pregnancy• Prenatal exposure to alcohol/tobacco• Premature delivery/significantly low birth

weight• High levels of lead in body• Postnatal injury to the prefrontal brain regions• Living in unstructured homes• Food additives, food allergies, inner ear

problems, vitamin deficiencies, or bacterial infection

ADHD SymptomsADHD SymptomsPrimarily Inattentive

Type:

• Doesn’t pay attention to detail

• Makes careless mistakes• Has trouble paying

attention• Has difficulty following

instructions.• Easily distracted• Forgetful

Primarily Hyperactive/Impulsive

Type:

• Fidgets• Squirms in chair• Runs talks, and climbs

excessively• Blurts out answers• Has trouble waiting and taking

turns

** The combined type displays symptoms of both the Primarily Inattentive Type and the Primarily Hyperactive/Impulsive Type.

Simulation ExerciseSimulation Exercise

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oCbrQp3MIwc&feature=related

Positive Positive CharacteristicsCharacteristics

• Creativity• Enthusiasm• Highly Verbal• Imaginative• Humorous • Compassionate• Exciting

• Innovative • Spontaneous• Resourceful• Outgoing• Good-hearted• Observant• Caring

People with ADHD People with ADHD can do some great can do some great

things!things!

Five Interventions for Five Interventions for students with ADHDstudents with ADHD

• Environmental Support– Teachers should limit environmental

distractions (such as mobiles), adjust seating placement, and allow students to use desk carrels

• Academic Interventions– Teachers should only emphasis on

important information, break long reading passages into smaller parts, and give students extended time to complete work

Five Interventions Five Interventions for students with for students with

ADHDADHD• Behavior Interventions

– Teachers should emphasize structure and rewards with less focus on consequences.

• Parent Education• Medication

– Stimulant Medications including Adderall and Ritalin are most commonly used to treat ADHD.

– There are currently 2.5 mil. Students taking medication for ADHD

Alternative Alternative TreatmentsTreatments

• Dietary Interventions• Neurofeedback Treatment• Chiropractic Medicine

A few tips when A few tips when having a student having a student

with ADHDwith ADHD• Figure out what things are hard for the student.• Simplify instructions, choices, and scheduling.• Work together with the parents to meet the student’s needs.• Review previous lessons.• Use audiovisual materials. • Perform ongoing student evaluations.• Lower the noise level of the classroom. • Divide work into smaller sections.• Reduce or eliminate timed tests.• Provide advanced warning when you are going to end an activity

or lesson.• Preview the next lesson.

What does it take to What does it take to be an effective be an effective

teacher?teacher?• Teachers who:

– Flexible, enthusiastic, and positive role models

– Creative, challenging, and maintain high expectations of all students

– Encourage and welcome parents and volunteers in the classroom

– Provide balance, options, variety, and choices

– Are willing to devote time the extra time and effort needed to implement interventions and modifications

Legislation Legislation Regarding Students Regarding Students

with ADHDwith ADHD

Students with ADHD may be protected by the Rehabilitation Act

Section 504 depending on the severity of symptoms

Obtaining Obtaining Assistance/ Assistance/

Professional Support Professional Support ServicesServices

• Local: – Life Management Center

• State: – South Carolina Department of Mental

Health• National:

– National Resource Center on ADHD – CHADD- The Nations leading advocacy and

support organization

ReferencesReferences• http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html• www.ada.gov• www.nichcy.org• www.help4adhd.org• http://www.ed.gov/• http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html• Capaccio, G. (2008). Add and adhd. Tarrytown, NY:

Marshall Cavendish Benchmark.• Friend, M., & Bursuck, W. (2009). Including students

with special needs. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc.

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