adeflor g. garcia, phd. - ldd garcia.pdf · adeflor g. garcia, phd. professor v1, soil science...
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ADEFLOR G. GARCIA, PhD.Professor V1, Soil Science Department, College of Agriculture
University of Southern Mindanao
Kabacan, North Cotabato, Philippines 9407
North Cotabato Province,
Region 12, Philippines (>637,110 ha)
Maguindanao Province,
ARMM, Philippines(463,154 ha)
LUZON
VISAYAS
MINDANAO
Administrative Map
of the Philippines
INTRODUCTION
The oil palm grows best in areas
with at least 1,800 mm of rainfall
particularly 10 degrees south and
north of the equator and this
includes the Philippines. This is
suited best in Mindanao and parts of
Bohol, Leyte and Palawan islands.
The province of Maguindanao
and North Cotabato, Philippines
is one of the country’s top
producing areas of palm oil.
Oil Palm Area, Philippines. : (@ 2011)
LOCATION Provinces
AREA (ha) as of 2011
(PPDCI)
MIMAROPA Palawan4,600 (8.4%)
CENTRAL VISAYAS Bohol 6,506 (11.88%)
WESTERN
MINDANAO
320 (0.58%)
NORTHERN
MINDANAO
Bukidnon, Lanao del
Norte, Mis. Or. 1,820 (3.32%)
DAVAO REGION ComVal 1,960 (3.58%)
SOCSKSARGEN North Cot, Sarangani,
South Cot, S. Kudarat 18,200 (33.24%)
CARAGA
Agusan Norte, Agusan
Sur, Surigao Sur 18,102 (33.06%)
ARMM Basilan, Maguindanao 3,240 (5.92%)
TOTAL 54,748
METHODOLOGY
The following were the materials used in the conduct of
this study;
o Soil Survey Report of Cotabato Province (1963)
o Soil Survey Data from 2008-2012 by the university
o Soils Map published by DA- BAR-2001
o Global positioning system and GIS station
Suitability Classification
Land suitability was determined by
comparing crop requirement with
that of the land characteristics and
qualities present in a given type of
land.
Typical Landscape Position of an
Area in Carmen , Cotabato
The criteria used for the suitability
classification was CSR/FAO (1983) .
For temperature
24-28˚C is highly suitable (S1),
<20˚C to 32˚C rated as not suitable (N) to moderatelysuitable (S2)
Dry months in water availability
just only 0-1mm comprises highly suitable (S1) rating
0.1-2mm is moderately suitable (S2)
to >3mm and has the rating of not suitable (S3).
Average of annual temperature
<1500mm is not suitable (N)
to >6000mm highly suitable (S2).
Crop Standard for Oil Palm (FAO, 1976, CSR?FAO 1983) and Evaluation of Land Characteristics
(ACT, 2011).
Land Suitability Class Definitions
Class S1 – Highly suitable – are soils having no
significant limitations.
Class S2 – Moderately suitable – are soils /land having
limitations which an aggregate are moderately severe
for sustained application of a given use, the limitation
will reduce productivity
Class S3 – Marginally suitable – soils/land having
limitations which have the aggregates are severe for
sustained application of a given use.
Class N - Not suitable has no class subdivision
recognized.
Highly suitable areas
These are the areas where oil palm
could be raised with no significant
limitations and benefits can be
maximized at very manageable input
levels.
Kidapawan series,
376 masl
21 cm
33 cm
67 cm
92 cm
125 cm
Moderately suitable
areas.
These are areas where
oil palm could be raised
with limitations that
require higher inputs but
still the benefits could be
attractive but not as
lucrative as on highly
suitable areas..
Kabacan series includes a
very small portion towards
Pagalungan
Very dark
brown
(10YR2/2),
clay loam
Dark yellowish
brown
(10YR4/4),
silty clay
Dark yellowish
brown
(10YR3/4),
silty clay
Dark yellowish
brown (10YR
4/4) ; clay
58 cm
93 cm
112 cm
26 cm
Moderately suitable areas
The uncorrectable limiting land qualities
found were soil depth and the drainage.
These land qualities can not be corrected
at low cost. Establishment of drainage
canal could be very expensive. Increasing
soil depth is another costly improvement
Marginally suitable areas are lands
having limitations which reduce
productivity or benefits, or increase
required inputs, that this expenditure
will only be marginally justified.
Soil Series Suitability
Rating
Limitations Possible
Interventions
S1 Highly suitable
Adtuyon series S1 <500 /Nutrient
availability
Sound Fertilizer
management
Kidapawan Series S1 Only if <500 masl Clones suitable in higher
elevation
La Castellana Series S1 Only if <500 masl Clones suitable in higher
elevation
Langkong Series S1 Only if <500 masl Clones suitable in higher
elevation
Miscellaneous land
types (Kidapawan, La
Castellana, Macolod)
S1 Only if <700 masl Clones suitable in higher
elevation
Parang Series S1 Nutrient balance Sound fertilizer management
Tacloban S1 Nutrient balance Sound fertilizer management
San Manuel series if
well drained
S1 Shallow water
table
Sound fertilizer management
Banga sandy loam S1 Nutrient and
water retention
Fertilizer mgt/irrigation
Buayan Clay loam S1 Nutrient
availability
Fertilizer management
Dalican clay loam S1 Nutrient availability
Fertilizer management
Glan clay loam S1 Nutrient
availability
Fertilizer management
Parang clay loam S1 Nutrient
availability
Fertilizer management
Libi loam S1 Nutrient
availability
Fertilizer management
Matulas fine sandy
loam
S1 Nutrient
availability
Fertilizer management
New Iloilo fine sandy loam
S1 Nutrient availability
Fertilizer management
Soil Series Suitability
Rating
Limitations Possible Interventions
S 2 - Moderately suitable
Aroman S2 Rooting depth
(>130 cm)
High fertilizer requirement
Banga Series S2
Dadiangas loamy sand S2 Water and nutrient
retention
Cultural practices/irrigation
Dadiangas sandy loam S2 Water and nutrient
retention
Cultural practices/irrigation
Balut S2 Massive horizon deep holing to break hard
pans
Kabacan series
Kabacan series if well
drained
S2 Shallow water table Sound fertilizer management
Kudarangan S2 Massive horizon at
34 cm
Deep holing to break hard
pans
Soil Series Suitability
Rating
Limitations Possible Interventions
S3 - Marginally suitable
Macolod S3 Massive horizon Deep holing to break hard
pans
Aroman series if 80
-129 cm depth
S3 rooting depth High fertilizer requirement
irrigation
Sinolon sandy loam S3 Water and nutrient
retention
Fertilizer
management/irrigation
Malalag series S3 Rooting depth High inputs
San Manuel series if
poorly drained
S3 Flooding /shallow
water table
Drainag canals
Soil Series Suitability
Rating
Limitations Possible Interventions
Not Suitable
Aroman series if <80
cm depth
N Rooting depth High inputs/ irrigation
San Manuel series
(pH >6.5
N Soil pH
Tamontaka series if
well drained
N Flooding/shallow
water table
Drainage canals
Tamontaka Series if
poorly drained
N Flooding/drainage Drainage canals
Soil Series Suitability
Rating
Limitations Possible Interventions
Quilada N Rooting depth(<80
cm)
High input requirement
(fertilizer & irrigation)
Faraon N Rooting depth(<80
cm)/pH
Lutayan sandy
loam
N Shallow water
table/flooding
Drainage canals
Malandag fine
sandy loam
N Rooting depth
Soil Series Suitability
Rating
Limitations Possible Interventions
Shallow rooting depth of Quiladaand Faraon Series
Moderateley shallow rootingdepth of Aroman series.
Root limiting layers of Kudarangan, Balut, and Macolod .
High ground water and poordrainage of Kabacan andTamontaka series.
Flooding and occassional highground water of San Manuel series
Elevation beyond 600-700 masl.
Summary Conclusions and Recommendations
PROBLEMS:
VERY FEW SOIL TECHNOLOGIST
WORKING ON SOIL SURVEY AND
CLASSIFICATION
GIS BASED MAPS ARE NOT YET
HARMONIZED IN THE COUNTRY.
N P K
Mg Ca Mo Mn B Cu ZnS Fe
C H O Cl
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