addressing laboratory hazards in health care occupancies/media/4b2ac05474b34311a0717... ·...
TRANSCRIPT
6/3/2016
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Addressing Laboratory Hazards in Health Care Occupancies
Presented by:
Sharon Gilyeat, P.E.
Principal
William Higgins
Fire Protection Engineer
Koffel Associates
2016 NFPA Conference & Expo
• Review applicable codes and define associated terms
• Explain lab processes and fire hazards
• Detail specific code requirements and resulting fire and life safety requirements
• Present two case studies and apply applicable codes
• Compare NFPA 99, 1999 vs 2012
• Significant use
• Going Green - Recycling
• Surveying
• Codes are changing
• NFPA 99, 1999 vs. NFPA 45, 2011
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• NFPA 101, 2012 Edition
• NFPA 45, 2011 Edition
• NFPA 30, 2012 Edition
• NFPA 99, 2012 Edition
Terminology/Definitions
• Classification of Flammable Liquids
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Terminology/Definitions
• Laboratory Building – Principal use
• Laboratory Unit – Enclosed area including incidental
• Laboratory Work Area – Room or space for lab use
• Inside Liquid Storage Area – Separated room or building for storage of liquids
Terminology/Definitions
• Safety Can – Limited to18.9L (5 gal)
• Storage Cabinet – For storage of flammable and combustible liquids and complies with NFPA 30 Section 9.5
Terminology/Definitions
• Distillation
• In-Use
• Transferring
• Dispensing
• Open Systems
• Closed Systems
• Bulk
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• Histology and Pathology
• Tissue Processors
• Stainers
• Recyclers
• Chemistry - Minor Quantities
• Waste
• Size of containers vary
• Can be 220L (55 gal) drums
• Flammable liquid storage room
• Transferring and Dispensing
• New material into processor containers
• Waste material from processors into
• Recycler containers
• Waste containers
• Recycled material into processor containers
• Storage
• Limited Quantities
• 4L (1 gal) containers
• Flammable liquid storage room
• In-Use
• In processors
• Recycling?
• Recycling
• Waiting to be recycled
• Recycled waiting to be used
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• Open vs. Closed
• Flammable Liquids
• Xylene
• Ethanol
• Formalin
• Removal for testing
• Tissue Processor
• Preservation
• Dehydration
• Clearing
• Wax Infiltration
• Wax Embedding
• Staining
• Routine Stain
• Special Staining
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Recycler
• Ethanol and Xylene
• “Going-Green”
• “Saving Money”
• 95%-96%
• 18.9L (5 gal)
• Excessive = waste
North Pole Hospital (Floor 1)
Case A - Recyclers Not Inside Flammable Liquid Storage Room Meeting NFPA 30 Requirements
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Laboratory Unit: Entire Lab Laboratory Unit Classification: Class C
Chemical Name CAS Number Total Amount Container sizeContainer type: (e.g.
Glass, Plastic...)
Amount Stored in Approved Safety
CabinetsNFPA 30 Liquid Class
NFPA 704 Classification
Concentration of vapor, fume, gas, dust under normal operations without exhaust
LFL (% by Vol)
LC50Health Flammability Reactiv ity
Acetone 67-64-1 4 gallons 1 gallon Plastic All Flammable 1B 1 3 0 4.1 ppm 2.6 44,000 mg/m3 4H
Cyto-Stain 6 gallons 1 gallon Plastic None Flammable 1B 2 3 0 0.4 ppm 3.3 20,000 ppm 10H
Composed of: (%by Weight) CAS #
Acid Orange 10 <1.0 1936-15-8
Acid Red 87 <1.0 17372-87-1
Phosphomolybdic Acid <1.0 12026-57-2
Fast Green fcf <1.0 2353-45-9
Methyl Alcohol 3-3.8 67-56-1
Acetic Acid 1-3 64-19-7
Isopropyl Alcohol 3-3.8 67-63-0
Ethyl Alcohol 60-65 64-17-5
C.I. Acid Blue 22 <1.0 28631-66-5
Diff Quik Fixative Solution 67-56-1 6 gallons 1 gallon Plastic None Flammable 1B 3 3 0 0.9 ppm 6 64,000 ppm/4H
Eosin-Y Alcoholic
Composed of: (%by Weight) CAS #
6 gallons 1 gallon Plastic None Flammable 1B 2 3 0 0.4 ppm 3.3 20,000 ppm 10H
Deionized Water 37-40 7732-18-5
Acid Red 87 <1.0 17372-87-1
Ethyl Alcohol 52-55 64-17-5
Isopropyl Alcohol 2.5-3.5 67-63-0
Methyl Alcohol 2.5-3.5 67-56-1
Acetic Acid <1.0 64-19-7
Formaldehyde – 37%
Composed of: (%by Weight) CAS #
3 gallons 1 gallon Plastic All Combustible Class II 3 2 0 N/A - Used in Closed Systems or Storage only. 7 0.578 mg/L 4HDeionized Water 48-53 7732-18-5
Methyl Alcohol 10-15 67-56-1
Formaldehyde 37-38 50-00-0
Formalin (10% NBF)
Composed of: (%by Weight) CAS #
44 gallons 5 gallons Plastic/ Cardboard None Combustible Class IIIB 2 1 0 N/A - Used in Closed Systems or Storage only. N/A 0.578 mg/L 4H
Deionized Water 94-95 7732-18-5
Formaldehyde 3.5-4 50-00-0
Methyl Alcohol 1.2 67-56-1
Sodium Phosphate Dibasic <1.0 7558-79-4
Sodium Acid Phosphate <1.0 7558-80-7
Isopropanol 67-63-0 3 gallons 1 gallon Plastic All Flammable 1B 1 3 0 N/A - Used in Closed Systems or Storage only. 39.3 mg/L
Methanol 67-56-1 8 gallons 1 gallon Plastic All Flammable 1B 1 3 0 1.2 ppm 6 64,000 ppm 4H
Reagent Alcohol
Composed of: (%by Weight) CAS #
21.5 gallons 1 gallon Plastic All except current o pen con tainer Flammable 1B 3 3 0 0.4 ppm 3.3 20,000 ppm 10HEthyl Alcohol 90 64-17-5
Isopropyl Alcohol 5.5 67-63-0
Methyl Alcohol 4.5 67-56-1
3-Step Fixative 67-56-1 4 gallons 1 gallon Plastic None Flammable 1B 1 3 0 N/A - Used in Closed Systems or Storage only. 6 64,000 ppm 4H
Xylenes 1330-20-7 21 gallons 1 gallon Plastic All Flammable 1C 2 3 0 0.09 ppm 1.1 29.08 mg/L
Alcohol Waste
Composed of: (%by Weight) CAS #
80 gallons 50 gallon dr um/ 1 5 gallon drum Metal/Plastic Flammable Liquid Stor age R oo m Flammable 1B 2 3 0 N/A - Used in Closed Systems or Storage only. 3.3 20,000 ppm 10HEthyl Alcohol 90 64-17-5
Isopropyl Alcohol 5.5 67-63-0
Methyl Alcohol 4.5 67-56-1
Bouin’s Waste
Composed of: (%by Weight) CAS #
0.5 gallons 5 gallon Plastic Flammable Liquid Stor age R oo m Combustible Class IIIA 3 1 0 N/A - Used in Closed Systems or Storage only. N/A 250 ppm 2H
Deionized Water 80 7732-18-5
Formaldehyde 10 50-00-0
Methyl Alcohol 4 67-56-1
Acetic Acid 5 64-19-7
Picric Acid <1.0 88-89-1
“CO2” Waste Contains <5% Sulfuric Acid 7664-93-9 5 gallons 5 gallon Plastic Flammable Liquid Stor age R oo m Noncombustible 3 0 0 N/A - Used in Closed Systems or Storage only. N/A 347 ppm
DAB Waste
Composed of: (%by Weight) CAS #
30 gallons 15 gallon Plastic Flammable Liquid Stor age R oo m Combustible Class IIIB 2 1 0 N/A - Used in Closed Systems or Storage only. N/A 1.1g/kgHydrous Citric Acid 30-60 5949-29-1
Sodium Metabisulfite 10-30 7681-57-4
Polyethylene Glycol 3-7 25322-68-3
Decal Solution Waste 60-00-4 2 gallons 5 gallon Plastic Flammable Liquid Stor age R oo m Flammable 1C 1 1 0 N/A - Used in Closed Systems or Storage only. 2.0 5.4g/kg
Formalin Waste
Composed of: (%by Weight) CAS #
45 gallons 15 gallon Plastic Flammable Liquid Stor age R oo m Combustible Class IIIB 2 1 0 N/A - Used in Closed Systems or Storage only. N/A 0.578 mg/L 4H
Deionized Water 94-95 7732-18-5
Formaldehyde 3.5-4 50-00-0
Methyl Alcohol 1.2 67-56-1
Sodium Phosphate Dibasic <1.0 7558-79-4
Sodium Acid Phosphate <1.0 7558-80-7
Diaminobenzoic Acid Waste 535-87-5 15 gallons 15 gallon Plastic Flammable Liquid Stor age R oo m Combustible Class IIIB 2 1 1 N/A - Used in Closed Systems or Storage only. N/A N/A
Silver Nitrate Waste 7761-88-8 15 gallons 15 gallon Plastic Flammable Liquid Stor age R oo m Noncombustible 3 0 1 N/A - Used in Closed Systems or Storage only. N/A 1173 mg/kg
Xylenes Waste 1330-20-7 65 gallons 50 gallon dr um/ 1 5 gallon drum Metal/plastic Flammable Liquid Stor age R oo m Flammable 1C 2 3 0 N/A - Used in Closed Systems or Storage only. 1.1 29.08 mg/L
Not In Approved Flammable Liquid Storage Room
LiquidNFPA
Class
Container
Size
(gal)
In
Closed
Process
(gal)
In
Containers
(gal)
Recycler
Waste
(gal)
Recycler
Distilled
(gal)
Acetone IB 1 0 11 0 0
Cyto-Stain IB 1 0 11 0 0
Reagent Alcohol IB 1 or 5 14 0 10 10
TOTAL 1B 56
Xylene IC 1 or 5 6 0 10 10
TOTAL 1C
TOTAL 1
26
82 (In Use and Stored), 62 (In Use)
Formaldehyde II 1 0 3 0 0
Formalin IIIB 1 or 5 4 40 0 0
• Classify lab based on Table 10.1.1(b)
• Total Class 1 – 82 gallons
• No reductions in Table required – Lab is on Floor 1
• Quantity per 100 sq ft unit – (82*100)/2878= 2.9 gal (some in use and some just stored)
• Quantity per 100 sq ft unit – (62*100)/2878= 2.1 gal (in use)
• Lab is classified as Class B if distillation processing waste is considered in-use
• Lab is classified as Class C if distillation processing waste is considered storage
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• Class C – Non-rated, Floors 1-3
• Class B – 1 hr, Floors 1-3
• Not permitted in Basement
• 9.2.1.3 Hazardous chemical stored and handled to limit maximum spill to less than 5 gal
• 9.2.3.3 Class I and II liquids not “in use” – Stored in safety cans, storage cabinet, or inside flammable liquid storage room
• 9.3.1 Waste chemicals stored in accordance with 9.2
• 9.3.4 Waste containers stored in laboratory work areas cannot exceed 5 gal
• 10.1.2 Maximum Container Size (See Table 10.1.2) –Quantity based on type of container
• Class 1A – 1gal
• Class 1B and 1C – 5 gal
• 10.3 Liquid Dispensing
• Class 1 in containers less than or equal to 5 gal
• Hood
• Ventilated area – limits to 25% of the LEL
• Inside storage room meeting NFPA 30
• Class 1 in containers more than 5 gal
• Separate area outside
• Inside storage room meeting NFPA 30
• 12.1.3 Distillation – Limited requirements
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• Other requirements in NFPA 45 are beyond this presentation but include:
• Egress
• Portable Fire Extinguishers
• Fire Alarm Systems
• Evacuation and Emergency Plans
• Sprinkler Systems
• Class A and B labs – Ordinary Hazard Group 2
• Class C and D labs – Ordinary Hazard Group 1
• Must be quick response sprinklers
• Standpipe System
• Noncompliance
• 5 gal Class 1 stored in lab unit and are not in safety cans or storage cabinet
• Ventilation requirement for dispensing needs to be verified
• Resolution
• Relocate 5 gal containers not being recycled (complete or waiting) to approved storage cabinet
• Relocate processors to flammable storage room
and
• Dispense and transfer in flammable liquid storage room
or
• Verify adequate ventilation in lab for dispensing
Case B - Recyclers and Associated Storage Inside Flammable Liquid Storage Room Meeting NFPA 30 Requirements
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Not In Approved Flammable Liquid Storage Room
LiquidNFPA
Class
Container
Size
(gal)
In
Closed
Process
(gal)
In
Containers
(gal)
Recycler
Waste
(gal)
Recycler
Distilled
(gal)
Acetone IB 1 0 11 0 0
Cyto-Stain IB 1 0 11 0 0
Reagent Alcohol IB 1 or 5 14 0 10 0 10 0
TOTAL 1B 56 36
Xylene IC 1 or 5 6 0 10 0 10 0
TOTAL 1C
TOTAL 1
26 6
82 42 (In Use)
Formaldehyde II 1 0 3 0 0
Formalin IIIB 1 or 5 4 40 0 0
• Classify lab based on Table 10.1.1(b)
• Total Class 1 – 42 gallons
• No reductions in Table required – Lab is on Floor 1
• Quantity per 100 sq ft unit – (42*100)/2878= 1.5 gal (in use)
• Lab is classified as Class C
• Class C – Non-rated, Floors 1-3
• Not permitted in Basement
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• No change from Case A
• Noncompliance
• Ventilation requirement for dispensing may not be adequate
• Resolution
• Dispense and transfer in flammable liquid storage room
• What is the effect of NFPA 99 removing laboratory requirements in 2012 Edition
• NFPA 99 Requirements• 10-4.2 Processors must be 5 ft from storage of combustibles or
1 hr separation
• 10-7.2.2
• Total volume of Class I, II, and IIIA Not In Approved Storage Containers and Cabinets – Limited to 1 gallon per 100 sq ft
• Total volume of Class I, II, and IIIA Including those In Approved Storage Containers and Cabinets – Limited to 2 gallon per 100 sq ft
• 10-7.3 Transfer from bulk containers
• In flammable liquid storage room
• Under approved hood
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• Existing case study would not meet NFPA 99, 1999 requirements, quantity too high, over 1 and 2 gal limits
• Using NFPA 45 now has relaxed the requirements –allowing a greater quantity of flammable liquids in health care labs
• Histology and pathology labs need to be surveyed and reviewed carefully for compliance
• The presence of recyclers increases the hazard and likelihood for noncompliance
• Inside storage rooms are needed for bulk storage and for transferring and dispensing
• NFPA 99’s removal of laboratory requirements now allows more flammable and combustible liquids in health care laboratories
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2016 NFPA Conference & Expo