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&us'" (iscuss the principles of )anagement by *enri +ayol.

,(escribe the principles of )anagement by *enri +ayol

nswer'

(escribe the principles of )anagement by *enri +ayol

Management Principles developed by Henri Fayol:

1. (/0/1/ + 456 : Work should be divided among individuals and groups to ensure thateffort and attention are focused on special portions of the task. Fayol presented work specialiationas the best way to use the human resources of the organiation

&us'2 (iscuss the pre-re7uisites of an 8ffective Control system.

,89plain the pre-re7uisites of an effective control system

nswer'

89plain the pre-re7uisites of an effective control system

!ffective control systems have certain characteristics. For a control system to be effective" it

must be:

&us'3 (efine :ersonality. (iscuss the factors that determine personality development.

,(efinition of :ersonality; 89plain the factors that determine personality development

nswer'

(efinition of :ersonality

18C? C(8 )8- )=3$ A)anagement process rganization

=ehaviour


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Personality can be defined as consistency in a person’s way of being # that is" long$term

consistency in their particular ways of perceiving" thinking" acting and reacting as a person.

%rganised patterns of thought and feeling

&us'% (iscuss the concept of ttitude. (escribe the components and functions of ttitude.

,89plain the concept of ttitude; 89plain the components of ttitude; 89plain the functions

of ttitude

nswer'

89plain the concept of ttitude

&ttitudes are also known as 'frames of reference.' (hey provide the background against which

facts and events are viewed. )t becomes necessary to know the attitudes of members of an

organisation

&us'B (iscuss the three stages of 1tress. 89plain the reasons for stress.

,(escribe the stages of 1tress; 89plain the reasons for developing stress

nswer'

1tages of 1tress

(here are three basic phases of the stress e*perience. +nderstanding these phases can help you toidentify and cope with the stress

&us' 4rite short notes on the following '

a?41 matri9

b:orterDs +ive +orces model

,Concept of ?41 matri9; Concept of :orterDs five forces model

nswer'

Concept of ?41 matri9


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(%W, analysis is an algorithm of the strategic analysis process" involving systematic and

comprehensive assessment of e*ternal and internal factors that determine current condition and

growth potential of the


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&" s a speaEer you are addressing a group of people. 89plain the elements involved in this

communication.

,6ey elements of communication

nswer.

6ey elements of communication

MB0039 –Business Communication

http://mfiles.pl/en/index.php/TOWS_Analysishttp://mfiles.pl/en/index.php/Algorithmhttp://mfiles.pl/en/index.php/Strategic_analysismailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://mfiles.pl/en/index.php/Algorithmhttp://mfiles.pl/en/index.php/Strategic_analysismailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://mfiles.pl/en/index.php/TOWS_Analysis


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(he elements of effective communications are the key factors that ensure that a message is understood in

the manner in which it was intended. (he main key element of effective

&2 4hat is the importance of 6inesics and :ro9emics in communicationF 89plain with e9amples.

,6inesics with e9ample ;:ro9emics with e9ample

nswer.

6inesics with e9ample

-inesics is the most often studied and important area of non$verbalcommunication and refers to body

movements of any kind. ifferent body movements can e*press inner states of emotion. (he different

bodymovements are:

&3 *ow does internal business communication affect the organizationF (iscuss the role of each

staEeholder in this.

,/mportance of internal business communication; 1taEeholders role

nswer.

/mportance of internal business communication

/ommunication is the basis of all business transactions. !ven employees within the same company

communicate with one another on a daily business to discuss important points of interest" strategies" and

plans. )nternal business communication is

&% /magine a new product from food industry. 4rite a persuasive letter to customers; persuading

them to buy your companyDs product.

Choosing the product and describing in letter

:ersuading the customer to buy it

nswer.

Choosing the product and describing in letter

Here we choose ,pecial /osta /offee as a food product. (he following is a persuasive letter for the


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&B ou are going to face a job interview for the post of )anager-operations. 4hich aspects you will

Eeep in mind while facing the interviewF

,spects to be Eept in mind during job interview

nswer.

spects to be Eept in mind during job interview

When the interview is for recruiting for manager" it is definitely going to be a tough task. & manager" most

significantly" should have good leadership" strategic planning" business communication" and interpersonal

skills in order to be able to

& 4rite short notes on'

a 1&35 techni7ue of reading

b Circulars

,1&35 techni7ue of reading ;)eaning and role of Circulars

nswer.

a 1&35 techni7ue of reading

,02 stands for the initial letters of the five steps in studying a te*t$

,urvey ,


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&3.

a ?he procedure of testing hypothesis re7uires a researcher to adopt several steps.

(escribe in brief all such steps.

b 89plain the components of time series.

nswer.

a.

1teps for procedure of testing hypothesis

(here are five steps in hypothesis testing:

1. Making assumptions

5. ,tating the research and null hypotheses and selecting 6setting3 alpha

&%. a. 4hat is a Chi-s7uare testF :oint out its applications.


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,)eaning of nalysis of 0ariance; ssumptions; +ormulas!Calculation!1olution to the

problem 2; "; I

nswer'

nalysis of variance 6 03

)t is a collection of statistical models used to analye the differences between group means and

their associated procedures 6such as 'variation' among and between groups3. )n &;%


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&". nalyze the following transaction under traditional approach.

"$.".2"" 5eceived a che7ue from a customer; 1anjay at B p.m. 5s.2;

"#.".2"" :aid 5amu by che7ue 5s.";B;

2.".2"" :aid salary 5s. 3;

2.".2"" :aid rent by che7ue5s. $;

2".".2"" Goods withdrawn for personal use 5s. B;

2B.".2"" :aid an advance to suppliers of goods 5s. ";;

2.".2"" 5eceived an advance from customers 5s. 3;;

3".".2"" :aid interest on loan 5s. B;

3".".2"" :aid instalment of loan 5s. 2B;

3".".2"" /nterest allowed by banE 5s. $;

nalysis of transaction Awith accounts involved-nature of account-affects and debit!credit

nswer'

A n a l y s i s of T ran s a c ti o nu n d e r T rad iti o n a lA p pro a ch

Sl.

No.

Accounts

Involved

Natureof

Account

Affects Debit/

Credit

Casha/c

Sanjaya/c

Real

Personal

Cash(cheque)is comingin

Sanjayis thegiver

Debit

Credit

&2. ?he trial balance of ilgiris Co Jtd.; as taEen on 3"st (ecember; 22 did not tally and the

difference was carried to suspense account. ?he following errors were detected subse7uently.

a 1ales booE total for ovember was under cast by 5s. "2.

b :urchase of new e7uipment costing 5s. #%IB has been posted to :urchases a!c.



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c (iscount received 5s."2B and discount allowed 5s. $B in 1eptember 22 have been posted to

wrong sides of discount account.

d che7ue received from )r. Jongford for 5s. "B for goods sold to him on credit earlier;

though entered correctly in the cash booE has been posted in his account as 5s. "B.

e 1tocEs worth 5s. 2BB taEen for use by )r(ayananda; the )anaging (irector; have been entered

in sales day booE.

f 4hile carrying forward; the total in 5eturns /nwards =ooE has been taEen as 5s. I% instead of

5s. %I.

g n amount paid to cashier; )r. 5amachandra; 5s. IIB as salary for the month of ovember has

been debited to his personal account as 5s. IBI.

,:ass journal entries and draw up the suspense account; >ournal entries of all the transactions;

1uspense account with Conclusion

nswer'

Solution: ilgiris Co Jtd

(ate :articulars J+ (ebit

5s.

Credit5s.

1$15$5==5 ,uspenseaccount r (o,alesaccount6eingundercastingofsalesbookrectified3

1"5==

1"5==

&3 +rom the given trial balance draft an djusted ?rial =alance.

?rial =alance as on 3".3.2""

(ebit balances 5s. Credit balances Rs.+urniture and

+ittings"

=anE ver (raft1!!!

=uildings B Capital ccount "!!!!!1ales 5eturns " :urchase 5eturns "!!!=ad (ebts 2 1undry Creditors #!!!!1undry (ebtors 2B Commission $!!!:urchases # 1ales %#$!!!dvertising 2

Cash "

?a9es and /nsurance B

General 89penses I

1alaries 2


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??J # ??J &!!!!

Adjustments:

1. Charge depreciation at 10% on Buildings and Furniture and ttings.

. !rite o" further #ad de#ts 1000$. a&es and 'nsurance prepaid 000

(. )utstanding salaries *000

*. Commission recei+ed in ad+ance1000

,-reparation of ledger accounts -reparation of trial #alance/

Solution:

Q4. Compute trend ratios and comment on the fnancial perormance o

Inosys Technoloies !td. rom the ollo"in e#tract o its income

statements o f$e years. %in&s. Crore'

%(ource) Inosys Technoloies !td. – *nnual &eport'

%+reparation o trend analysis, +reparation o trend ratios, Conclusion'

Solution:

Infosys Technolo'ies (td.

Trend Analysis

)articulars %!1!*11 %!!&*1! %!!+*!& %!!,*!+ %!!*!,

Q-. i$e the meanin o cash /o" analysis and put do"n the o1ecti$es o

cash /o" analysis. 2#plain the preparation o cash /o" statement.

%Meanin o cash /o" analysis, 1ecti$es o cash /o" analysis,

2#planation o preparation o cash /o" analysis'


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*ns"er)

)eaning of Cash +low nalysis

/ash flow analysis is the study of the cycle of your business> cash inflows and outflows" with the purpose

of maintaining

Q. 5rite the assumptions o marinal costin. 6i7erentiate et"eenasorption costin and marinal costin.%*ssumptions o marinal costin, 6i7erences o marinal and asorptioncostin %Includes all 8 points'

nswer'

ssumptions of )arginal Costing

Marginal costing is based on the following assumptions:

1. ,egregation of cost into fi*ed and variable cost.(he whole principle of marginal costing is based on the idea that some costs vary with production while some costs don>t. (herefore" it is assumed that a clear


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18C? C(8 )8- )=%2- )G85/J 8C)/C1



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&us' " what is production function and its usesF 89plain the two types of production

functions. ,:roduction function and its uses; ?wo types of production functions3;I

nswer'

:roduction function and its uses'

& ?production function@ e*presses the technological or engineering relationship between physical 7uantity of inputs employed and physical 7uantity of

&2. )onopoly is the situation there e9ists a single control over the marEet producing a commodity

having no substitutes with no possibilities for anyone to enter the industry to compete. /n that

situation; they will not charge a uniform price for all the customers in the marEet and also the

pricing policy followed in that situation. ,(efine )onopoly; +eatures of )onopoly; 6inds of :rice

(iscrimination 2; %; %

nswer'

)onopoly

Monopoly is that market form in which a single producer controls the whole supply of a singlecommodity which has no close substitutes. & situation in which a single company or

&us'3 cost-schedule is a statement of variations in costs resulting from variations in the

levels of output and it shows the response of costs to changes in output. /f we represent the

relationship between changes in the level of output and costs of production; we get different

types of cost curves in the short run. (efine the Einds of cost concepts liEe ?+C; ?0C; ?C;+C; 0C; C and )C and its corresponding curves with suitable diagrams for each.

6inds of cost concepts liEe ?+C; ?0C; ?C; +C; 0C; C and )C and its

corresponding curves

1uitable diagrams

nswer'



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6inds of cost concepts liEe ?+C; ?0C; ?C; +C; 0C; C and )C and its corresponding

curves'

?+C'

(F/ refers to total money e*penses incurred on fi*ed inputs like plant" machinery" tools and

&us'% /nflation is a global :henomenon which is associated with high price causes decline

in the value for money. /t e9ists when the amount of money in the country is in e9cess of the

physical volume of goods and services. 89plain the reasons for this monetary phenomenon.

(efine /nflation

Causes for /nflation

nswer'

(efine /nflation'

)nflation is commonly understood as a situation of substantial and rapid increase in the level of

prices and conse7uent deterioration in the value of money over a period of time. )t refers to the

average rise in the

&B. (iscuss the practical application of :rice elasticity and /ncome elasticity of demand. ,:ractical

application of price elasticity; :ractical application of /ncome elasticity B; B

nswer'

:ractical application of price elasticity of demand

Few e*amples on the practical application of price elasticity of demand are as follows:

1. :roduction planning A )t helps a producer to decide about the volume of production. )f thedemand for his products is inelastic"

&. (iscuss the scope of managerial economics. ,(efinition of )anagerial 8conomics; 1cope of

)anagerial 8conomics 2; $

nswer'

)anagerial 8conomics

Managerial economics is the 'application of the economic concepts and economic analysis to the problems of formulating rational



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(5/08-4inter 2"%

:5G5)-)=(1! )=+J8K! )=*C13! )=2! :G(=2

18)81?85-"

18C? C(8 )8-)=%3 A*uman 5esource )anagement

&us'" (iscuss the impact of Globalization on *5

89plain the impact of Globalization on *5

nswer'

89plain the impact of Globalization on *5'

(he tendency of firms is to e*tend their sales and4or manufacturing to new markets abroad" andfor business everywhere. (he one element that is uni7ue about every nation or company is itsworkforce. & workforce that is knowledgeable and skilled at doing comple* things keeps acompany competitive and

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&us'2 (efine )anagement (evelopment. (iscuss the ff the job development methods.

(efinition of )anagement (evelopment

89plain the ff the job development methods

nswer'

(efinition of )anagement (evelopment'

Management development is related to the development and growth of the employees in anorganisation through a systematic process. (his development is future$oriented and preparesmanagers for a career of valuable contribution to the organisation. )t is concerned with thelearning and development of the

&3. (iscuss the concept of *5/1. 89plain the applications of *5/1 in *uman 5esource

)anagement.

,89plain the concept of *5/1; (ifferent applications of *5/1 in *5) 3; I

nswer.

*5/1

& H2)," which is also known as a human resource information system or human resource management

system 6H2M,3" is basically an intersection of human resources and information technology through H2

software. (his

&us'% (iscuss the basic guidelines of a (isciplinary policy

89plain the basic guidelines of a (isciplinary policy

nswer'

89plain the basic guidelines of a (isciplinary policy'

(he principal ingredients of a sound disciplinary system in organisations are:

". Jocation of responsibility' (he responsibility of creating awareness regarding discipline isentrusted with every individual in the organisation. )n case of employee indiscipline" the linemanager issues only verbal

&B 1uppose you have joined as an *5 and you have been assigned a tasE to carry out the grievance

handling procedure in your organization. 4hat according to you are the causes of GrievanceF

(escribe in detail the Grievance handling procedure


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,Causes of Grievance; 89plain the Grievance handling procedure

nswer.

Causes of Grievance

8rievances can arise out of the day to day working relations in an organiation. 2elations withsupervisors and/olleagues also determine employeeAs Bob satisfaction. 8rievances may occur for a number of reasons:

)n

&us' 4rite short notes on the following '

a8mployee 8ngagement

b?alent )anagement

Concept of 8mployee 8ngagement Concept of ?alent )anagement

nswer'

Concept of 8mployee 8ngagement'

!mployee engagement is the level of commitment and involvement an employee has towardstheir organisation and its values. &n engaged employee is aware of business circumstances andworks with his4her


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(5/08-4/?85 2"%

:5G5)-)=! )=(1! )=+J8K! )=*C13! :G(=2

18)81?85-//

18C? C(8 )8-)= %% - :5(


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GujaratDs emergence as an auto hub is not an accident; but an outcome of leveraging its

strengths through sound economic policies and competent management by the state

government.

Gujarat has leveraged its locational advantages; with relatively low transaction costs for

accessing marEets in the western and northern /ndia. Good rail connectivity is slated to

improve significantly with the opening of the dedicated freight corridors to (ahej and

hava 1heva passing through large parts of Gujarat. 1anand is also a part of the (elhi-

)umbai /ndustrial Corridor ,()/C; a multi-billion dollar /ndia->apan initiative. ?he

(elhi-)umbai freight corridor project will provide e9cellent rail connectivity for the auto

sector in 1anand and for other industries.

GujaratDs port development initiatives are closely coordinated with rail transport. ?hese

provide access for e9ports to the 4est; a favoured marEet for /ndian 8. 1ince 2#;

)aruti has been shipping cars by rail from )anesar to the )undra :ort; where there is a

roll-on-roll-off ,55; terminal for receiving and prepping new cars for e9ports. 6orean

automaEers are also e9ploring this option.

GujaratDs port development also could permit economical transportation to other off; thus

diversifying transport modes.

(eveloping domestic and international financial services; improving road and air

connectivity and focusing on affordable housing and other amenities could further add to

GujaratDs locational advantage.

ne of the advantages of Gujarat is the larger share of non-fertile agricultural land. ?his

potentially maEes managing the re7uirements of industry for land easier. Gujarat

/ndustrial (evelopment Corporation ,G/(C deserves credit for turning the above

potential into actual accomplishments.

s many of the established tier /; // and /// manufacturers in ?amil adu and (elhi are

faced with space and environmental constraints in e9panding their operations in their

historic sites; they are e9ploring alternate avenues. GujaratDs land banE could thus be an

attractive factor.


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1anand is a part of special investment region; which permits firms investing there to avail

various fiscal and non-fiscal benefits; reducing project costs; including time for completing

the project cycle.

?he Gujarat government recognises the importance of overall conducive investment

environment in attracting investments rather than merely relying on ta9 incentives. ?his

policy lesson is applicable to the investment and manufacturing zones ,/)Ns under the

national manufacturing policy ,): which is being finalised. /t envisages around five

greenfield integrated industrial townships.

nother noteworthy policy initiative is establishment of an automotive sEills development

institute at 1anand on a public private partnership basis by Gujarat government and

:eugeot Citroen. ?his approach to human capital development will serve; /ndia; Gujarat

and the new entrants well as they will have access to a younger worE force; well trained in

modern manufacturing techni7ues with sEills honed around the productivity needs of the

future.

?here are several reasons why GujaratDs emergence as an auto hub is a positive for /ndiaDs

economy. +irst; the auto sector is a mother industry and for every direct job in the 8;

minimum B-I indirect jobs are created in tier /; // and ///; not including jobs for drivers;

service station attendants and mechanics that form a well paying proposition for many

relatively less sEilled; but aspirational /ndians.

1econdly; importance of transport e7uipment; which includes all types of motorised

vehicles; in /ndiaDs trade has been increasing. /ts share in /ndiaDs e9ports rose from 2.3H in

2-" to I.$H in pril-+ebruary 2"-""O while the corresponding share for imports soar

from ".%H to 2.BH. ?he emergence of Gujarat as an auto hub is e9pected to assist in

/ndiaDs e9ternal trade in transport e7uipment as e9ports are liEely to constitute a

significant proportion of autosectorDs output from Gujarat.

)any 8uropean 8 are building their design and engineering bacE offices in /ndia;

providing job opportunities for the design; hardware and software engineers. ?his will help

/ndia to develop a niche position globally and diversify its e9port basEet.


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?hirdly; healthy competition among auto hubs in ?amil adu; )aharashtra and Gujarat

will be a positive for the manufacturing productivity. ?his is because such competition will

mitigate against complacency by each of them and contain costs.

+inally; it would assist /ndia in progressing towards the goal of increasing the share of

manufacturing in G(: from "H in 2" to 2BH by 222. /t could also assist in /ndiaDs

international competitiveness in manufacturing as :?s ,preferential trade agreements

with economic partners with strong manufacturing sectors; such as China; >apan; and

6orea; are implemented.P

&uestion

8valuate the factors that favour Gujarat as a location for manufacturing automobiles.

nswer.

General factors that favour Gujarat as a destination for automobile manufacturing

8uBarat has leveraged its locational advantages" with relatively low transaction costs for

accessing markets in the western and northern )ndia. 8ood rail connectivity is slated to improve

significantly with

&3. 4rite short notes on'

B1s system of waste elimination

1cheduling in services

0endor managed inventory

1ubcontracting capacity ,production option

nswer.

B 1s system of waste elimination

C, is the name of a workplace organiation method that uses a list of five Dapanese words: seiri"

seiton" seiso" seiketsu" and shitsuke. (ransliterated or translated into !nglish" they all start with


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the letter ','.E1 (he list describes how to organie a work space for efficiency and effectiveness

by identifying and

&%. (escribe the post implementation review of a project. 89plain the tools that may be

considered for post implementation review.

nswer.

+our parts of the post implementation review of a project

+inal product review' (he product obtained after every stage must meet the re7uirements of

that stage. )f it completely meets the stated obBectives" then focus on the issues of maintenance of

the processes and product performance. )f the final product does not completely meet the

obBectives then identify the

&B. 89plain the steps to set data in logical order so that the business process may be

defined.

Jist the ingredients of a business process.

nswer.

1teps to set data in a logical order

(he following steps should be considered for setting the data in a logical order.

1. /heck whether the participants in the process that is" people" teams" and electronic

applications are sufficient or" any changes and additions need to be made.

&. (escribe the dimensions of 7uality.

nswer.


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+our dimensions of 7uality

0uality is inherent in the product or service that is rendered to the customer. ,ince we are

attempting to measure the same" we will look into those aspects of 7uality" called dimensions of

7uality.


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(5/08-winter 2"%

:5G5)-)=! )=(1! )=+J8K! )=*C13! :G(=2

18)81?85-//

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=6 /(-="2$



25/206

C58(/?1-%

)561-

&". 89plain the li7uidity decisions and its important elements. 4rite complete information on

dividend decisions.

,89planation of li7uidity decisions with its important elements; 89planation of dividend decisionsB;

B

nswer.

Ji7uidity decisions with its important elements

(he li7uidity decision is concerned with the management of the currentassets" which is a pre$re7uisite to

long$term success of any business firm.(his is also called as working capital decision. (he main obBective

of thecurrent assets

&2. 89plain about the doubling period and present value. 1olve the below given problem'


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nswer.

a perating Jeverage

%perating leverage arises due to the presence of fi*ed operating e*pensesin the firmAs income flows. )t

has a close relationship to business risk.%perating leverage affects business risk factors" which can be

viewed asthe uncertainty inherent in estimates of future operating

&%. 89plain the factors affecting Capital 1tructure. 1olve the below given problem'

Given below are two firms; and =; which are identical in all aspects e9cept the degree of leverage

employed by them. 4hat is the average cost of capital of both firmsF

,89planation of factors affecting capital structure; 1olution for the problem; /nterpretation ;3;"

nswer.

+actors affecting Capital 1tructure

(he maBor factor affecting the capital structure is leverage. (here are also afew other factors affecting

them. &ll the factors are e*plained

&B. 89plain all the sources of risE in capital budgeting with e9amples.


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1olve the below given problem'

n investment will have an initial outlay of 5s ";. /t is e9pected to generate cash inflows. Cash

inflow for four years.

/f the risE free rate and the risE premium is "H;

a Compute the :0 using the risE free rate

b Compute :0 using risE-adjusted discount rate

nswer.

1ources of risE in capital budgeting

/apital budgeting involves four types of risks in a proBect: stand$alone risk"portfolio risk" market risk and

corporate risk.

1ources of risE

(he five different sources of risk are:

• ProBect$specific risk

/ompetitive or

&. 89plain the objectives of Cash )anagement. 4rite about the =aumol model with their

assumptions.

,89planation of objectives of cash management; 89planation of =aumol model with

assumptionsB;B

nswer.

bjectives of cash management


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(he maBor obBectives of cash management in a firm are:

• Meeting payments schedule

• Minimising funds held in the form of cash balances

)eeting payments schedule

)n the normal course of functioning" a firm has to make various payments bycash to its employees"

suppliers and infrastructure bills. Firms will alsoreceive cash through sales of its products and collection

of receivables.oth of these


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(5/08-4inter 2"%

:5G5)-)=(1! )=+J8K! )=*C13! )=2! :G(=2

18)81?85-2

18C? C(8 )8-)=%- )arEeting )anagement



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=6 /(-="2#

C58(/? )561-% Credits; marEs

&". 1uppose you are the marEeting manager of a banEing firm. our banE has opened its first

branch overseas. 4hat factor do you thinE will affect the choice of marEeting the most and whyF

,(efine environment scanning; (emographics; :olitical and Jegal environment; 1ocio-cultural

environment 2; 2; 3; 3

nswer'8nvironment 1canning' !nvironmental scanning is designed to aid the long$term plannersandstrategists in the organisations. Many people criticise the environmentalscanning techni7ue because of the diffused and general nature of its results./ompanies use various methods for environmental scanning.We willdiscuss two important techni7ues" namely

&2. brand is a composite set of beliefs and associations in the mind of consumers. /n brand

development; as a part of branding strategy decision; the brand manager can decide to create new

brand elements for the new products; apply some of the e9isting brand elements to the new product;

or use a combination of e9isting and new brand elements to the e9isting and new products. 89plain

the different branding strategies used by the companies for their range of products.

,(efinition of =rand; dvantages of =rand; 89planation of different branding strategies adopted by

companies2;2;

nswer.

(efinition of =rand

rand is name linked to one or more items in the product line that isemployed to recognise the source or

character of item6s3.

!*ample:prudential

&3. (escribe the international marEet entry strategies in brief. ,>oint ventures; 1trategic alliances;

(irect investment; Contract manufacturing; +ranchising 2; 2; 2; 2; 2

nswer'

/nternational )arEet 8ntry 1trategies

(here are two methods to entry into foreign markets. (hey are indirect e*porting and direct e*porting. )nthe first method" the manufacturers takethe help of merchant e*porters to get products e*ported to foreignmarkets.


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)n direct e*porting" the manufacturers decide to e*port themselves. (hus"the manufacturers have todecide" whether they will go directly for e*ports ortake the help of merchant e*porters who are very oftenrecognised as e*porthouses" trading houses" etc. ,ome

&%. :ersonal selling focuses in on QpersonalD or Qone to oneD selling. /t involves an individual

salesman or a sales team establishing and building a profitable relationship with customers over a

period of time through a series of steps. 89plain the steps in the personal selling process which helps

in the successful sales.

,(efinition of :ersonal 1elling; 89planation of steps in the :ersonal selling process 2; $

nswer.

(efinition of :ersonal 1elling

Personal selling is an activity which involves a face$to$face interaction withthe customers wherein there is

a 7uick response and personalconfrontation. (his allows for more specific adBustment of the

message.Here" the communication message can be

&B. (escribe the stages in consumer decision maEing process.

,89planation of the stages in consumer decision maEing process "

nswer.

1tages in consumer decision maEing process

/onsumer buying decision process is e*plained through a number of stages and is influenced by oneAs psychological framework comprising the individualAs personality" learning process" levels of motivation" perception towards products and brands" and formation of positive attitude towards the brand. Figure below depicts the process of consumer decision$making in

&. (escribe some of the strategies for effective marEeting and advertising in rural marEet. lso

e9plain the innovative use of media in rural marEet. ,ature of the rural marEet; 1trategies;

/nnovative use of media 2; 3; B

nswer' 5ural )arEeting' (he rural areas are where the markets of the future lie. +rban marketsarebecoming increasingly competitive and saturated for many products. %n theother hand" rural marketsoffer growth opportunities for firms caught up inintensive battle in urban and metro markets. Marketinggurus describe ruralmarkets as the market of the new millennium



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ote' nswer all 7uestions. 6indly note that answers for " marEs 7uestions should be

appro9imately of % words. 8ach 7uestion is followed by evaluation scheme.



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&". /n the current e-world any organisationDs massive operations are managed by various types of

information systems that help them to achieve their goals of servicing their clients. ?his can be done

by the growth of modern organization. (iscuss some of the essential features of modern

organisation.

,Jisting the features; 89plaining each of them in brief2;$

nswer.

8ssential features of modern organisation

,ome essential features of modern organisations:

/?-8nabled organisation

(he organisations discussed above are modern in the sense that they have builtinto their structure the

elements of information technology 6)(3 that enable them to function in a manner appropriate to the

demands of the

&2. )arEeting managers are Eeener to looE for a least cost route that also allow a sales person to

meet all his customers. /dentifying a least cost route with these features is slightly complicated.

?herefore; managers depend on decision support tools to find the most cost effective routes to cover

the marEet. ?he travelling salesman problem is one of such tool. (escribe the tool with a diagram.

,Graphical representation of ?ravelling salesman problem; (escribing the problem%;

nswer.

Graphical representation of travelling salesman problem

Figure depicts the travelling salesman problem which is an e*ample of anoperational decision. (he

salesman has to cover all the cities in one tour at thelowest possible

&3.

?here are many e9amples of digital goods. Companies such as mazon.com are selling digital

versions of booEs over their site. ?hese digital booEs can be read on special readers that display the

pages on a screen.


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a. Jist the important properties of information goods

b. 89plain positive feedbacE with diagrams

,a. Jisting the properties;b. 89plain positive feedbacE with diagrams %;

nswer.

a. Jist the important properties of information goods

)nformation goods have certain properties that make them distinct from physicalgoods. )nformation goods

are typically e*pensive to produce but very cheap toreproduce. For e*ample" the original cost of

producing a music track by a professionalband may run into millions of

&%. (ecision support systems ,(11 are used e9tensively across organisations to assist managers

with maEing decisions. (ecision maEing by managers involves the phases of intelligence; design;

and choice; and (11 help mainly with the choice part as they support structured and unstructured

types of decisions.

a. 4hat is it that managers do when they maEe decisionsF

b. 89plain the different types of decisions

,a. 89plaining decision maEing process; b. Jist and describing the different types of decisionsB;B

nswer.

a. 4hat is it that managers do when they maEe decisionsF

(his is a fundamental7uestion that needs to be answered before one can think of using ,, to

supportdecision making in any meaningful manner.Herbert ,imon" the

&B. 4hat is crowdsourcingF *ow does the site Gala9y Noo manage crowdsourcingF

,Crowdsourcing definition; 89plaining site Gala9y Noo management2;$

nswer.

Crowdsourcing


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(he phrase crowdsourcing is often used to describe proBects that encouragecollaboration. (he term refers

to the idea that a GcrowdA of people" not necessarilyknown to each other" participate in working on a

proBect.

Many critics have argued that crowdsourcing works for some kinds of tasks"but for others it is not

effective. For instance" it was initially

&. (ata and information relating to individuals could be of sensitive nature. Give some e9amples

of such Eind of data.

,89plaining five e9amples"

nswer.

89amples

ata and information relating to individuals could be of sensitivenature. ,ome e*amples of such kind of

data are as follows:

". !mployees" who work e*tensively with computers" log in every morningwhen they come to work

and log out in the evening when they leave. uringthe working day" every time they leave their

desk or are not workingon the computer" the system


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01.(iscuss the various stages involved in the methodology of perations 5esearch. =rieflye9plainthe techni7ues and tools of perations 5esearch.

6%perations 2esearch Methodology$C" (echni7ues and tools of %perations 2esearch$C3 1= marksnswer.

perations 5esearch )ethodology

(he first and the most important step in the %2 approach of problem solving is to define the problem.%ne needs to ensure that the problem is identified properly because this problem statement will indicatethe following three maBor

&2.a. 89plain the steps involved in linear programming problem formulation. (iscuss inbrief the

advantages of linear programming.

b. lpha Jimited produces sells two different products under the brand names blacE white.

?he profit per unit on these products in 5s. B 5s. % respectively. =oth theproducts employ the

same manufacturing process which has a fi9ed total capacity ofB; man-hours. s per theestimates of the marEeting research department oflpha Jimited; there is a marEet demand for

ma9imum $; units of =lacE ";units of white. 1ubject to the overall demand; the products

can be sold in any possiblecombination. /f it taEes 3 hours to produce one unit of blacE 2 hours to

produce oneunit of white; formulate the model of linear programming.

6,teps involved in 9PP$" &dvantages of 9PP$" Formulation of 9PP$3 1= marksnswer.

a31teps of formulating Jinear :rogramming :roblem ,J::

(he following steps are involved to formulate 9PP :,tep 1 : )dentify the decision variables of the problem.,tep 5 : /onstruct the obBective function as a linear combination of the decision variables.

,tep : )dentify the constraints of the problem such as resources" limitations" inter$relation betweenvariables etc. Formulate these constraints as linear

&3.a. 4hat is degeneracy in transportation problemF *ow it can be resolvedF

b. 1olve the following transportation problem using 0ogelDs appro9imation method.



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6egeneracy in transportation problem and resolving it$C" /omputation4,olution to the problem$C3 1= marksnswer.

a.3(egeneracy in transportation problem

& basic solution to an m$origin" n destination transportation problem canhave at the most mIn$1 positive basic variables 6non$ero3" otherwise thebasic solution degenerates. )t follows that whenever the number of basiccells is less than m I n J 1" the transportation problem is a degenerate one.(he degeneracy candevelop in two ways:/ase 1 $ (he degeneracy develops while determining an initial assignmentvia any one of the initial

assignment methods discussed

&%.a. 89plain the steps in *ungarian method. (ifferentiate between ?ransportation

andssignment problem.

b. +ind the optimal assignment of four job jobs and four machines when the cost of

assignment is given by the following table'

6,teps in Hungarian method$" ifferences between (ransportation and &ssignment problem$"

/omputation4,olution to the problem$3 1= marksnswer.

a.

*ungarian )ethod lgorithm

Hungarian method algorithm is based on the concept of opportunity cost and is more efficient in solvingassignment problems. (he following steps are adopted to solve an &P using the Hungarian methodalgorithm.

&B. Define Simulation. Explain the Simulation procedure. Discuss the use of Simulationwith

an example.

6Meaning of ,imulation$5" ,imulation procedure$" +se of simulation with an e*ample$3 1=

marksnswer.

Si-ulation,imulation is the process of defining a model of a real system andconducting e*periments with this modelfor the purpose of understandingthe behavior 6within the limits imposed by a criterion or a set of criteria3forthe operation of a system. +sing simulation" an analyst can introduce the constants and variablesrelatedto the problem" set up the possible


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& 89plain the following'

a. /nteger programming model

b. :85? and C:)

c. perating Characteristics of a &ueuing 1ystem

6!*planation of )nteger programming model$" !*planation of P!2( and /PM$" !*planation of %perating /haracteristics of a 0ueuing ,ystem$3 1= marksnswer.

a. Inteer prorammin model) 'nteger programming is concerned ithoptimiation pro#lems in hich some of the +aria#les are re2uired to ta3e ondiscrete +alues. 4ather than allo a +aria#le to assume all real +alues in agi+en range only predetermined discrete +alues ithin the range arepermitted. 'n most cases these +alues are the integers gi+ing


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&us'" 89plain the phases of project management life cycle.

89planation of the B phases of project management

nswer'

89planation of the B phases of project management'

ProBect management is a rationally planned and organised effort to attain a specific goal. )t

comprises of organising" coordinating and managing different tasks and resources for successfulcompletion of

&us'2 4rite short notes on'

8conomic feasibility of a project

eed for project planning

(iversity management

5ules for networE construction

nswer'

8conomic feasibility of a project'

(he economic feasibility aspect of a proBect relates to the earning capacityof the proBect.!arnings of the proBect depend on the volume of sales. Here"the following important indicatorsare taken into

&us'34hat are the Eey steps for effective risE managementF89plain any +/08 risE

identification techni7ues.

utline of the steps in risE management

(escription of any +/08 risE identification techni7ues

nswer'

utline of the steps in risE management'


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)n risk management" the following steps should be considered for effectiverisk management:

1tep " A 5ecognition of assets at risE' (he foremost step in the risk management techni7ue is

to carefully identify the assets which might generate risks in proBect operations. (hese assets may

&us'%4rite a short notes on

:arametric estimating tool of cost estimating

:rocurement process

:roject teamDs responsibilities in project e9ecution

:roject termination

nswer'

:arametric estimating tool of cost estimating'

)t is a techni7ue that makes use of a statistical relationship between historical data and other

variables 6e.g." s7uare footage in construction" lines of code in software development" re7uisite

&us'B4hat is &uality planningF 89plain the inputs; tools and techni7ues and outcomes of

7uality planning.

(efinition of 7uality planning

(escription of the inputs to 7uality planning (escription of the tools and techni7ues to 7uality planning

(escription of the outputs from 7uality planning

nswer'

(efinition of 7uality planning'

0uality planning is the process of identifying the 7uality standards that are related to the proBect

and determining how to these standards can be achieved. )t is one of the significant processes of

proBect planning and should be performed on a continuous basis and in parallel with the other

&us'(escribe the various types of project performance evaluation techni7ues. Jist any

+


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nswer'

(escription of the % types of project performance evaluation techni7ues'

(he following are the types of proBect performance evaluation techni7ues:

,i :rocess ,or implementation evaluation' )t is also called formative evaluations

which are designed to improve the implementation of a program" policy or

strategy as it


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(emester 3

)=B A 58185C* )8?*(JG

ssignments

=6 /(-="I

&". 5esearch is a se7uential method of en7uiry; directed towards a clear implicit or e9plicit

objective. (escribe in detail the steps to be carried out in a typical research study.

nswer'

)eaning of 5esearch'

2esearch means a search for facts5 answers to 7uestions and solutions to problems. )t is an purposive

investigation. )t is an ?organied in7uiry.@ )t seeks to find e*planations to une*plained phenomenon" to

clarify the doubtful

&2. 4hat are descriptive research designsF 89plain the different Einds of descriptive research

designs.

nswer'

(escriptive 5esearch (esigns

escriptive research design is a scientific method which involves observing and describing the behavior

of a subBect without influencing it in

&3. ?he procedure of testing hypothesis re7uires a researcher to adopt several steps. (escribe in

brief all such steps.

*ns.

A hypothesis is a tentati+e statement a#out the relationship #eteen to or

more +aria#les. A hypothesis is a specic testa#le prediction a#out hat you

e&pect to happen in your study. For e&ample a study designed to loo3 at the


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&%. a. (istinguish between'

i. 1chedules and &uestionnaires

ii. pen ended and closed ended 7uestions

. 2#plain the uestionnaire desin process. %6i7erences, uestionnairedesin process' 4, %:0 mar;s'&nswer.

a (ifferences

i 1chedules and &uestionnaires

(he differences between schedule and 7uestionnaire

&B. a. 4hat is the analysis of varianceF 4hat are the assumptions of the techni7ueF Give a few

e9amples where the techni7ues could be used.

b. ?he following data represents the number of units produced by four operators during three

different shifts'

:erform a two-way analysis of variance and interpret the result.

,)eaning; ssumptions and e9amples; +ormulas; Calculation; 1olution and /nterpretation to the

problem %; ," marEs

nswer.

a )eaning of analysis of variance

,uppose we know that the sales of a product is influenced by the price level. )n this case" sales are a

dependent variable and the price

&. 89plain the 1tructure of the 5esearch 5eport. 4hat are the guidelines for effective report

writingF ,89planation of the 1tructure of the 5esearch 5eport; Guidelines for effective report


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writing B;B

nswer'

5eport 4riting' 1tructure of the 5esearch 5eport

Whatever the type of report" the reporting re7uires a structured format and by and large" the process is

standardied. &s stated above" the maBor difference amongst the types of reports is that all the elements

that make a research report would be present only in a detailed technical report. +sage of theoretical and

technical Bargon would be higher in the


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18C? C(8 )8- )=B"-Jegal spects of =usiness

&". L(ischarge refers to the termination of contractual relationship between the partiesP. 89plain

the statement along with different modes of discharging a contract.

nswer'

1ervice positioning

Positioning is defined as the process of establishing and maintaining a distinctive place in the

market for an organiation and4or its products4services offerings. (his is the creating of a distinct

05. 89plain the meaning of :ower of ttorney; its types and clause related to registration.

6Meaning" (ypes" 2egistration3 5" 5" L

nswer'

:ower of ttorney

Power of attorney granted to an ?attorney$in$fact@ or ?agent@ to give that individual the legal authority to

make decisions for an incapacitated ?principal.@ )t is defined by ,ection 56513 of the ,tamp &ct as

0. 89plain the procedure of registration of partnership firms.

6!*planation3 1=

nswer'

5egistration partnership of +irms ,1ections B$-B#

pplication for registration

When the 2egistrar of Firms is satisfied that the provisions of ,ection C have been duly complied with"

he4she registers the firm by recording an entry of the statement in a register called the 2egister of Firms

0. 4hat are the circumstances under which breach of condition is treated as breach of warrantyF

6!*planation3 1= marks


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nswer'

Circumstances under that =reach of condition to be treated as breach of warranty

&ccording to ,ection 1" under certain circumstances" a breach of condition is to be treated as a breach of

warranty" i.e." the right to repudiate the contract is deemed to have been

0C 89plain the procedure for filing a complaint and admission of complaint in consumer protection

act.

6Filing a complaint$C marks" &dmission of complaint$C marks3 1= marks

nswer'

:rocedure for filing a complaint

(he complaint can be sent by post to the appropriate Forum4 /ommission. (he complaint should be

addressed to the President of the Forum4/ommission. (here is no fee for filing a complaint before any of

the aforesaid bodies. (he complainants

0L 4rite short notes on'

a 1hares and its classification

b )eetings and its classification

6Meaning and classification$C marks" Meaning and classification$C marks3 1= marks

nswer'

1hares and its classification

,hare ?as a share in the share capital of a company and includes stock e*cept where a distinction between

stock and share is e*pressed or implied@. & share of a company in the hands of a shareholder signifies a

bundle of rights and


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18C? C(8 )8-)6"- 1ales; (istribution and 1upply Chain )anagement

=6 /(-="I2"


&". 4hy is distribution termed as the second half of marEetingF 89plain the different patterns of

distribution. ,(efinition of :hysical (istribution; 5easons for why distribution is termed as second

half of marEeting; (ifferent patterns of (istribution 3; 3; %

nswer' :hysical (istribution )anagement' Physical istribution is the set of activities aiming to provide intermediaries and customers with the right 7uality goods" in right time and at right locations.,ound system of physical distribution does not result in cost cutting" but leads to high level of 7ualityservice. /ost cutting is achieved



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&2. 4ho are called as 4holesalersF 89plain different types of 4holesalers. ,(efinition of

4holesalers; (ifferent types of wholesalers 2; $

nswer' (efinition of 4holesalers' (he wholesaler essentially purchases the goods from the producer"stocksthem" and redistributes these to the other intermediaries like the retailers whosubse7uently sell them

to the end$users or the customers. (his function of thewholesaler enables:

N (he producers to concentrate on their core function of manufacturing the goods

&3n organization needs to be e9tremely cautious in maEing investments in various types of

inventories. ?he e9tent of control re7uired to be maintained on all items is not the same. 89plain

some important tools of /nventory management liEe =C analysis; >ust-/n-?ime 8conomic order

7uantity model.

,(efinition of /nventory and /nventory )anagement; =C analysis; >ust-/n-?ime 8conomicrder &uantity )odel 3; I

nswer.

/nventory and /nventory )anagement

/nventory

(he term GinventoryA means any stock of direct or indirect material 6raw materialsor finished items or

both3 stocked in order to meet the e*pected and theune*pected demands in the future.

/nventory )anagement

&%89plain the 1C5 model with a diagrammatic representation.

,1C5 model; +ocusing spects with diagramB; B

nswer.

1C5 model

(he ,/%2 model is used to understand simple or comple* supply chains througha common set of terms.

/onse7uently" different industries can be related toeach other to interpret any supply chain.,/%2 is based

on five uni7ue management methods. (hese are: Plan",ource" Make" eliver


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&B 4hen one member of distribution channel tries to ma9imize its profits at the e9pense of rest of

the members; it will create conflicts; resulting in the decline of profits. ?o avoid these conflicts; now

retail firms have started forming vertical )arEeting systems ,0)1. 89plain the three types of

0)1 through which goods and services are usually distributed to customers.

,(efinition of 0)1; ?hree types of 0)12; $

nswer.

0ertical )arEeting systems ,0)1

0ertical )arEeting 1ystem ,0)1 is a system in which almost all the members of distribution

channel such as manufacturers" wholesalers and retailers work together to satisfy human needs and wants

by facilitating the smooth flow of goods and

&(escribe the supply chain =enchmarEing :rocedure.

,(efinition of =enchmarEing; :rocedure for supply chain benchmarEing2; $

nswer.

=enchmarEing

enchmarking has been used variedly to refer to several activities. ,everaldefinitions have described as

GbenchmarkingA. ,ome of these definitions are


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:G()) ,18) "

18C? C(8 )8- )6""-Consumer =ehaviour

&" L)arEeters manage product positioning by focusing their marEeting activities ona

positioning strategyP. 89plain

6!*planation of positioning approaches3 1= marks

ns- Positioning refers to how you communicate the essential benefits of your small business to potential customers. Where you sell your product" how you make it" where you make it and your

price all convey subtle messages to the marketplace" even without your using any overtadvertising" public

05.89plain motivational conflict and its principles.6!*planation of meaning$1 marks"!*planation of types$O marks3 1= marksns.

)otivational Conflict

Motivation is the driving force within individuals and is the result of a state of tension resultingfrom unfulfilled needs" wants or desires. ?


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For instance" an individual may sense the sound pitch at 5= cycles per second and another individual may sense the sound pitch at = cycles per second. &bsolute threshold for sound in thecase of these two individuals would be different. Many individualsA ability to discriminatesensory characteristics such as taste" smell" hearing or feel is small. &bsolute threshold refers tothe lowest level at which an individual can

0 89plain with one e9ample each; the factors that inhibit relationship betweenbeliefs;feelings and behavior.

6!*planation$L marks" !*amples$ marks3 1= marksns.

)n psychology" the theory of planned behavior is a theory about the link between beliefs and behavior (he concept was proposed by )cek &Ben to improve on the predictive power of thetheory of reasoned action by including perceived behavioral control. )t is one of the most predictive persuasion theories. )t has been applied to studies of the relations among beliefs"attitudes" behavioral intentions and behaviors in

0C LCultural 0alues are enduring beliefs that a given behavior or outcome isdesirable orgoodP. 89plain

6!*planation of cultural values$ marks" !*planation of classification$L marks3 1= marksns.

Cultural values

/ultural values are essential these values are enduring beliefs that a given behavior or outcome isdesirable or good. (hey create internal Budgments that will determine how a person actually behaves. !thics determine which values should be pursued and which should not.& culture>svalues are its ideas about what is good" right" fair" and Bust. ,ociologists disagree" however" onhow to conceptualie values. %r the commonly held standards of what are acceptable or unacceptable" important or unimportant" right

0L 4rite short notes on'a ?he doption :rocess

b :ost-:urchase =ehaviour of a consumer

6Meaning and arrier$C marks" Meaning and e*ample$C marks3 1= marksns.

a

?he doption :rocess

(he process of diffusion starts when early adopters influence their reference group members andother ac7uaintances to purchase the product. (he adoption of an innovation re7uires that anindividual or a group ofconsumers decide on buying a new product. (herefore" it is reasonable toviewadoption as the first step in the diffusion process.(he adoption of an innovation is likely to be a reasonably


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18C? C(8 )8-)6"2- 5etail )arEeting

=6 /(-="I23


&". (escribe the general characteristics of consumers and e9plain the classification of retail

consumers based on shopping. ,(efine 5etailing; General characteristics of consumers;

classification of retail consumers based on shopping 2; 3; B



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nswer' 5etailing' ?2etailing is a set of activities that enables selling of goods and commoditiesto thecustomers or end consumer in small 7uantities@.& retailer is a person or an outlet through which productsor services aresold to customers or the end user .2etailing is one of the key elements of a marketing anddistribution strategyit

&2. (escribe the 5etail =uying :rocess in brief. ,(efinition of retailing; retail buying process 2; $

nswer'

5etail =uying :rocess

(hese basic psychological processes play an important role in understanding how consumers actually

make their buying decisions. Marketers must understand every facet of consumer behaviour. Marketing

scholars have developed a ?stage model@ of

&3 89plain the 5etail )erchandising )anagement ,5)) in brief.

,(efinition of 5etail )erchandising; 1teps involved in 5))3;I

nswer.

5etail )erchandising

2etail merchandising refers to the process used to conduct retail sales. &spart of the process" the

merchandiser pays close attention to the different types of products offered for sale" how to present those

products toconsumers in a best way" and

&%. 4hat is 8-tailingF (escribe the advantages and disadvantages of 8-tailing. ,(efinition of 8-

tailing; dvantages and (isadvantages of 8-tailing 2; $

nswer'8-tailing'!lectronic retailing" also known as e$tailing" deals with selling products andservicesonline via the Worldwide Web. )nternet retailing or Ge$tailingA" as it isusually referred to" covers retailing

using a variety of different technologiesor media. )t may be broadly a combination of two elements. %neiscombining new technologies with elements

&B :rice is a highly sensitive and visible part of retail marEeting mi9. 5etailerDs overall profitability

depends on :ricing. /t plays an important role in strategic decision maEing process. 89plain various

pricing strategies are adapted by the retailer according to the situation.


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,89planation of pricing in 5etail; 5etail :ricing strategies2;$

nswer.

:ricing in 5etail

Price is a highly sensitive and visible part of retail marketing mi* and has abearing on the retailerAs

overall profitability. Further" pricing itself is anessential part of marketing mi* and has its own place in

the strategic decision$making process. )n

& (escribe any three 5ural retail strategies in brief.

,(efinition of 5ural retail; ny three 5ural retail strategies2;$

nswer.

5ural retail

2uralretailing is the fast growing aspect of retail since retailers can feel comfortable in finding suppliers

and they also act as buyers.


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18C? C(8 )8 -)6"3-)arEeting 5esearch

&". 89plain Cross sectional 5esearch (esign; its advantages and disadvantages.

6Meaning$5" &dvantages$" isadvantages$3 1= marksnswer.

Cross sectional 5esearch& cross$sectional study" a type of descriptive" observational study" involves measuring differentvariables in the population of interest at a single point in time. (his simultaneous data gatheringis often thought of as a snapshot of conditions present at that instant. )ts most importantapplication lies

05.4hat are the various fundamental properties of scales of measurementF 89plainwith ane9ample each.

6!*planation$5" !*amples$3 1= marksnswer.

1cales of )easurement' +undamental :roperties

&ccording to mathematical theory" a researcher can use four scalingproperties in developingscales: assignment" order" distance and origin asshown in figure.

+igure' ?ypes of 1caling :roperties

9etAs discuss each in detail:ssignment property' (he assignment property is also known asdescription property. )t refers

to the

0.(escribe the steps involved in *ypothesis ?esting.6!*planation of the steps31= marksnswer.

1teps involved in *ypothesis ?esting



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& hypothesis should be e*pressed clearly employing appropriateterminology should be testableand limited in scope.various steps involved in hypothesis testing"which are e*plained below.

". 1etting-up of hypothesis' (he first step is to set up the decisionmaking process. (hisinvolves specifying the null

0.89plain :earson :roduct )oment Correlation with the help of an e9ample.6!*planation$Q" !*ample$3 1= marksnswer.

:earson :roduct )oment Correlation

Pearson /orrelation/oefficient is named after -arl Pearson who developed thiscorrelationalmethod to do agricultural research. )t is used to measure correlation.(he symbol for the correlation coefficient is lower case r" and it is

0C.89plain =usiness to =usiness )arEet 5esearch and types of marEet researchundertaEenin =2= research.6Meaning$" (ypes$L3 1= marksnswer.

=usiness )arEet 5esearch

5 research involves the investigation of any market where the targets tobe e*amined areanother business entity or employees of a businessentity.5 market research is a more comple* process than 5/. )t is very

0L.4rite short notes on'a Copy testing

b 1ales nalysis

6Meaning with e*ample$C" Meaning and enefits$C3 1= marksnswer.

a Copy testing

/opy testing decreases the chances of risk on brand or companyimage by an ineffectiveadvertisement./opy testing is generally carried out on a large scale as a 7uantitativeresearch study in which thetarget audience is shown the advertising.(he advertisers use copy testing as a techni7ue to check the effectivenessof an ad after its production. /opy testing is of different types but all typeshavethree


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&ccording to -. F. (urkman manpower planning can be defined as anattempt to match the supply of

people with the Bobs available in anorganiation. ,tatistical techni7ues have been used to ascertain the

supplyof people with the Bobs available.ruce /oleman has defined manpower planning as ?the process

ofdetermining manpower

&2 4hat do you mean by *uman 5esource ccounting ,*5F (iscuss the objectives and

advantages of *5.

,(efinition of *uman 5esource ccounting; (escribing the objectives of *5; (escribing the

major benefits of *52; %; %

nswer.

*uman 5esource ccounting

H2& can be defined as the process of identifying" recording" measuring human resources and

communicating related

&.3. 89plain the 1election process undertaEen by an organization.,Jisting out the steps in selection

process; 89planation of the steps in the selection process 2;$

1'

1teps in selection process

(he selection process consists of the following steps:

1. efine the Bob5. 2eview application4resume4/


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(he employee who wants to resign will discuss with his Manager" submits his resignation to his Manager.

(he Manager should put his comments on the resignation letter and forward it to H2. 6these comments

can be (o be relieved by dd4mm4yyyy" or some other special comments3 H2 on receipt of the 2esignation

letter" enters in the software" the date of receipt of resignation letter" terms and conditions of resignation if

any special is there. and

&B s an *5; you are asEed to focus on the ?alent (evelopment :rocess in your organization .*ow

would you define ?alent (evelopmentF 89plain the necessity of ?alent (evelopment from an *5

perspective. 89plain the model for achieving e9cellence in ?alent (evelopment

,(efinition of ?alent (evelopment; 89plain the necessity of ?alent (evelopment; +actors

responsible for achieving ?alent (evelopment 2; B; 3

nswer.

?alent (evelopment

(alent development is animportant part of H2. (he process involves changing an organiation"itsemployees and its stakeholders. (his process is accomplished usingplanned and unplanned learning" inorder to achieve and maintain a

& 4rite short notes on the following'

a5ecruitment

b1uccession :lanning

,5ecruitment; 1uccession :lanning; )eaning and objectives of 5ecruitment B;B

nswer.

a5ecruitment

William F 8lueck J 2ecruitment is a set of activities and organiation uses it to attract potential Bob

candidates possessing appropriate characteristics to help the organiation reach its obBectives. yarsR

2ue J 2ecruitment )nvolves seeking R attracting a pool of people from which 7ualified candidates for Bob

vacancies can be chosen. 2ecruitment of


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&2.s an *5; you find that the ( professional in your organization is not competent enough.

4hat are the competencies you will consider in a good ( professionalF

,89plain any ten competencies re7uired for ( professional "

nswer.

Competencies re7uired for ( professional

(o be effective" all % practitioners must possess the following basicknowledge" skills and attitudeswhich are listed below:

1. Intrapersonal skills: &s % is a highly" uncertain process whichre7uires constant adBustment andinnovation" % practitioner

&3.(iscuss the in practicing (

,89plain the ethical dilemmas in practicing ( "

nswer.

8thical (ilemmas in practicing (

?!thical dilemmas@ are the results of behaviours and inappropriate actions or roles on the part of both

change agents and client systems. !thical problems and dilemmas are" therefore" a mutual responsibility

of change agents and client systems" dependent largely on the nature of their specific relationship. !thical problems and dilemmas faced by % practitioners

&%.4hat is a Jearning rganizationF (iscuss the attributes of a learning organization. 89plain the

various learning disciplines in learning organization

,(efinition of a Jearning organization; (escribing the attributes; 89plaining the five basic learning

disciplines 2;3;B

nswer.

Jearning organization

(he figure states that in the condition of antecedent" the % practitioners and the client system have their

own set of goals" values" needs" skills and abilities. (hese differences may or may not be pointed out in

the entry and the contracting phase.


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&B.(escribe the various tools used in ( intervention

,89plaining the various tools used in ( intervention "

nswer.

?ools used in ( intervention

:ortal technology

(o understand portal technology you must understand first what a portal is.& portal" as you can see infigure 11.L" can be defined as a frameworkwhich enables integration of people" processes and informationacross theboundaries of an organisation. )t aims at providing the users a well secured and unified point of access which is often seen in form of a web$based user interface. &pplication portletsare used in such portals which are designed with a purpose ofpersonalising and

&.4rite short notes '

a 5ole nalysis ?echni7ue,5?

b 5eward 1ystems

,)eaning and steps in 5?; )eaning; objectives and types of rewards B;B

nswer.

)eaning and steps in 5?

)t is a techni7ue designed toclarify role e*pectation. 2ole &nalysis (echni7ues 62&(3 has beendeveloped by ayal 61OLO3 for redefining the managerial roles in anorganisation. (he set of behaviours or attitudes associated with a particularposition in a group is called a role.


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%rganisational culture describes the psychology" attitude" e*periences"beliefs and values of anorganisation. &ccording to Hill and 8areth 65==13"organisational culture is defined as Gthe specificcollection of values andnorms that are shared by people

&3.(efine (isciplinary procedure. 89plain the various factors to be considered while analyzing adisciplinary problem

,(efinition of (isciplinary procedure; 89plaining the factors in analyzing a disciplinary problem 2;

$

nswer.

(isciplinary procedure

isciplinary procedure is a step$by$step process which an organisation follows while dealing with

indiscipline of any kind. )t is a good practice for organisations to establish a proper disciplinary procedure

in order to ensure Bust decisions. & disciplinary procedure includes a formal system of documented

warnings and hearings" with rights of representation and appeal at each

&%.4hat do you mean by *uman 5esource /nformation 1ystem ,*5/1F (escribe the various

modules of *5/1. (iscuss some of the *5/1 software.

,(efinition of *5/1; 89plain any five modules of *5/1; (escribe any three e9amples of *5/1

software 2;B;3

nswer.

*uman 5esource /nformation 1ystems

(hey are online applications which enable organisations to store" track and manipulate data according to

the needs of the H2" payroll and accounts" and other operations within an organisation. ,uch employee

relationship management tools establish a centralised approach to managing employees distributed across

the globe. )nformation on

&B.s an *5 of a Company; you are asEed to focus on the causes of Grievance and the Grievance

handling procedure. 4hat according to you are the reasons of GrievanceF 89plain the pre-re7uisites you will consider while addressing Grievance 89plain the causes of Grievance

,89plain the essential pre-re7uisites of a Grievance *andling procedure; causes of Grievance%;

nswer.

8ssential pre-re7uisites of a Grievance *andling procedure


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!very organisation needs a methodical grievance redressal procedure inorder to resolve grievanceseffectively. +nresolved grievances may en

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