ADAPTIVE LIGHTING SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOBILE

PREPARED BY:DIPAK VAGHELA(090150111008)

INTRODUCTIONNow a days the use of vehicles are part and parcel of human life.

Though the vehicles reduces the distance and saves time of a busy human life, still it has great drawback that is inevitable.

Road mishaps occurs due to carelessness and technological fault.

Around 4500000 road accidents occur in which 5000000 people get injured and 1000000 people die every year due to road accident in India.

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

TOTAL NO. OF ROAD ACCIDENT

TOTAL NO. OF PERSONS DIED

TOTAL NO. OF PERSONS INJURED

TOTAL NO. OF ROAD ACCIDENTS , PERSONS DIED AND PERSONS INJURED DURING 2001-2009

CAUSES OF ROAD ACCIDENTS 1. DISTRACTED DRIVING

The number one cause of car accidents is not a criminal that drove drunk, ran a red light. Distracted drivers are the top cause of car accidents in the world today. A distracted driver is a motorist that diverts his or her attention from the road, usually to talk on a cell phone, send a text message or eat food.

2. SPEEDING

You’ve seen them on the highway. Many drivers ignore the speed limit and drive 10, 20 and sometimes 30 mph over the limit. Speed kills, and travelling above the speed limit is an easy way to cause a car accident. The faster you drive, the slower your reaction time will be if you need to prevent an auto accident.

DISTRECTED DRIVING SPEEDING

One hazard that can occur in car accident cases is glare, the effect of a bright light on a driver's eyes that impairs vision and thus control of the vehicle. Glare is particularly dangerous since it can cause temporary blindness, dizziness, and confusion. Recently there have been a lot of accidents because of glare due to high intensity head lights.

New high intensity discharge (HID) xenon headlight systems, which are three times brighter than the halogen headlights used on most cars, could cause road accidents by dazzling oncoming drivers and pedestrians.

 

GLARE AS A CONTRIBUTORY FACTOR FOR ACCIDENTS

SOLUTION FOR ABOVE CAUSE OF ROAD ACCIDENTS

In our project, we have used adaptive lighting systems for automobiles for solution of glaring effect. By implementing adaptive lighting system for automobiles it will detects itself whether there is light from any coming vehicle or not. Also there is no need of manual operation for switching ON/OFF head light or down light. Thus it will save time and efforts for the driver and so that driver will give it full concentration on driving. Automatic switching to down light when light comes from oncoming vehicles and automatic return to head light as it passes by. Thus driver can drive safely without falling glare of light on his/her eyes. So by using this we can save valuable human life from road accidents.

 

BLOCK DIAGRAMPOWER SUPPLYPOWER SUPPLY

AT89S52

MICRO

CONTROLLER

AT89S52

MICRO

CONTROLLER

LDRLDR RELAYRELAY

HEADLAMP/DOWNLAMPHEADLAMP/DOWNLAMP

LM 358 OPERATIONAL

AMPLIFIER

LM 358 OPERATIONAL

AMPLIFIER

COMPONENTS

COMPARATOR IC LM358

MICROCONTROLLER(AT89S52)

RELAY

LDR

LED

Potentiometer 

ResistorL.D.R. L.E.D.

IC LM358

RESISTOR

LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR

LDR is heart of our project. A photo resistor or light dependent resistor (LDR) is a resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity. It can also be referred to as a photoconductor or CdS device, from "cadmium sulphide," which is the material from which the device is made and that actually exhibits the variation in resistance with light level. A photo resistor is made of a high resistance semiconductor. If light falling on the device is of high enough frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band. The resulting free electron (and its hole partner) conduct electricity, thereby lowering resistance.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROJECT SPECIFICATIONIn our project, we have used a popular timer I.C. LM358 which is connected as comparator.The output goes high(1)when the trigger pin3 is at higher then voltage level at pin no.2. Conversely the output goes low(0) when it is below pin no. 2 level.The output has only two states high and low and cannot remain in any intermediate stage.To detect the present of an object we have used LDR and a source of light.We have made a potential divider circuit with LDR and 10k variable resistance connected in series.

High voltage we will get from this divider at pin no.3, when LDR is getting light and low voltage in darkness.

Sensitiveness can be adjusted by this variable resistance. As soon as LDR gets light the voltage of pin2 drops of the supply voltage and pin 3 gets high and LED that is connected to the output gets activated.

Variable resistance is so adjusted that it crosses potential of ½ in darkness and fall below in light.

SOFTWARE USED IN OUR PROJECT

We have used Keil –μ vision software for programming as it is the easiest way to create embedded system programs.

It also convert the C language program to hex file which is machine executable.

PROGRAM #include<reg51.h>sbit s1=P3^4;sbit relay1=P1^1;sbit relay2=P1^2;void main(){ s1=1;

relay1=0; relay2=0; while(1) {

if(s1==0) {

relay1=0; relay2=1;

}else

{relay1=1; relay2=0;

} } }

IMAGE OF PROJECT MODEL

OUTCOMEAdaptive lighting system is an automobile application which is very useful for future. As it performs an automatic operation there is no need of manual operations and thus it can save efforts of driver and due to this driver’s concentration will be focus on driving rather than pushing or pressing the button.

By implementing this system in automobile, there will be less number of chances for road accidents, as the focus of driver is on driving.

Due to this system there is a greater advantage in a darkness condition, where there is absence of street light, especially at highways. Thus the number of road accidents will be reduced on highways due to glaring.

ADVANTAGES

By using this we can save valuable human life from a accident.

Need no manually switching of head light or down light.

Circuit is simple and low cost.

The circuit is economic in power consumption.

FUTURE IMPROVEMENT

During the fog condition the adaptive lighting system is not very reliable.

For making smart car additional features can be added like Automatic Wiper, Eye blinking sensor for driver safety, Automobile security system etc.

REFERENCE[1.] http://seriousaccidents.com/legal-advice/top-causes-of-car-accidents/

[2.]http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/io/io_4.html

[3.]http://morth.nic.in/writereaddata/mainlinkFile/File761.pdf

[4.]http://www.atmel.com/images/doc1919.pdf

[5.]http://www.hbeonlabs.com/synopsis/8051synopsis/AdaptiveLightingSystemforA-utomobiles.doc

[6.] http://www.engineersgarage.com/electronic-components

THANK YOU