AD 121767

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AID ASSISTANCE TO THAILAND PROGRESS TO DATE ON INDIVIDUAL PROJECTS

PUBLIC SAFETY

Civil Police Administration

A Provincial Police

In FY 67 construction of 250 tambol police stations was completed and another 125 have been contracted for construction These stations providing static police presence at the village level for the first time are beintg enthusiastically received by the villagers Through transfer from other elements of the TNPD and assignment of recruits the tambol stations are approaching the required manpower level

Practical Pistol Course (PPC) training has Been completed in every region for all PPhofficers and Sgt Majors An instructor training course was conducted for one officer and two NCOs from each of the 69 changwats under PP jurisdiction The Counterinsurgency (Chaiya) Schools graduated 1 861 students bringing the -totalnumber trained since their inception to 15 577 students

Fifteen Special Action Force units (SAFs) were trained in FY 67 and are on duty with the previously trained 9 units Operations of these units has been hampered by delay in receiving US -provided support commodities These commodities are now being distributed and effective operations can commence FY 67 counterpart funding has been obligated to cover training costs for the remaining agreed five units

The in-service logistics and supply training program started during FY 66 was continued during FY 67 Nine regional supply depots were completed and are now in full operation

The 22 SfF barracks funded in FY 67 have been completed The 69 PP weapons firearms ranges and police family housing units

in Regions 3 and 4 funded in FY 66 are nearing completion The 22 SAF mess halls and 21 SAF kitchens funded in FY 67are under construction

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B Border Patrol Police

Modernization of organization equipment and operational procedures was continued in FY 67

Eighteen new Line Platoons to be formed in FY 68 were authorized and funded in FY 67 This will bring the Line Platoon total to 132 Through FY 67 21 Mobile Reserve Platoons have been organized trained and deployed to the eight area commands Three additional MRPs will be formed in FY 68 bringing the total to 24 Mobile Line Platoons - a new concept - organized equipped and trained similar to MRPs will be assigned to company headquarters to reshyinforce Line Platoons and broaden the area coverage of the border Eleven MLPs to be formed in FY 68 were authorized and funded in FY 67 Training of the BPP Development Platoons by the US Navy Seabees under the Remote Area Security Project continued during FY 67 Six School Teacher Platoons were relocated in FY 67 to more critical locations along the border to meet changing security requirements The BPP STPs have a total of 402 BPP school teachers bringing education to 201 remote area locations where no educational facilities have been established

Intelligence training at BPP Headquarters was initiated in FY 67 to provide six months detailed on-the-job instruction for area intelligence personnel This was the beginning of a six-month rotation program between the area commands and BPP Headquarters which will improve G-2 operations

Construction of 8 MRP barracks and an intelligence communications training facility at BPP Headquarters funded with FY 66 countershypart funds are in final stages of completion FY 67 counterpartshyfunded construction now under way includes an extension to BPP Headquarters building ten new platoon location sites (four new platoons six relocations) family housing and other repairs and renovations

The first 1200-man increment of a 3 600-man force expansion funded in FY 67 will be added in FY 68

C Marine Police

A Mekong River fleet replacement program was instituted in FY 67 Fifteen 40-foot steel hull patrol vessels of US C G design are

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under construction in a local shipyard completion date is March 15 1968 This construction project funded by counterpart baht in FY 67 is supported by USOM-provided engines propeller shafts marine accessories and electronic equipment

Banditry river piracy and smuggling in the Port of Bangkok have largely been reduced through the expanded patrol of the Marine Police using USOM-furnished modern high- speed patrol craft which arrived in FY 67

Through USOM provision of engines spare parts machine tools etc combined with RTG counterpart baht funding eighteen patrol vessels long out of commission were restored to duty status

A shipyard being constructed at Kantang (S Thailand - Indian Ocean) with counterpart funds and equipped by USCM is nearing completion This yard will provide for repair and maintenance of Marine Police Indian Ocean fleet units up tothe size of 100 feet

Plans for security of the U Tapao-Sattahip area were developed with USMACTJUSMAGT and RTG and implemented in FY 67

The MP communications capability ashore and afloat was improved through the provision of USOM-provided communications equipment

A 184-foot patrol vessel funded entirely from the TNPD national budget was purchased in FY 67 for 18 million baht This ship under construction in West Germany will be delivered in FY 68

D Metropolitan Police

USOM funding was provided in FY 67 and radios were ordered for installation in 50 kiosks (check points) at strategic locations within the metropolitan area

r A central radio information center was-established in 1962 linking headquarters with a pilot mobile patrol unit composed of 10 vehicles In FY 66 and FY 67 this system was expanded by installation of radios in 41 of the 55 police stations thus linking them with Metropolitan Police Headquarters The balance of 14 radios was ordered in FY 67 to complete this part of the radio net

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Counterpart funds were released in FY 67 for acquisition of twelve small boats (15 - 25) equipped with long shaft outboard motors These craft are now under construction and will be used in the inland waterways for patrol purposes

A joint survey of the Metropolitan Police Bureau was started in January 1967 and final report will be submitted by December 1 1967

E Highway Patrol

The completion of a RTN air base and new maritime docks at Sattabip imposed new requirements on the manpower of the Highway Police who are charged with convoy duty from Sattahip In FY 67 150 men were added to the force Six new two-man resources control points with communications equipment were established Check points are now in operation from the important Sattahip base north to Korat and Udorn and Takli

Budgetary approval has been received from the Highway Department and the BOB for an additional 150 men in FY 68

An intelligence system of informants has been established and is becoming very effective against insurgent smuggling operations Powers of interrogation and investigation have been given to the Highway Patrol which will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the unit

A new central headquarters for the Highway Patrol was constructed in the capital city at a cost of 2 300 000 baht provided by RTG national budget funds Space for classrooms and quarters for students receiving in-service and specialized training as well as a modern communications centor is provided for in this building

Plans for construction of a new subdivision headquarters and section headquarters for each of the remaining five regions have been approved by the Highway Division

Four new subdivision headquarters with housing facilities were constructed from funds provided entirely by the Highway Department

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of the Ministry of National Development With USOM technical assistance three in-service training classes in Highway Patrol methods and procedures were held

Training in anti-sabotage began in May 1967 Three courses have been presented to date With the increase of insurgency in the country this training is a necessity for the protection against sabotage of highways and the bridges over which the vital military supplies flow every day

Thirty patrol vehicles were added to the fleet in FY 67 twenty from project funds and ten from the Highway Department budget

F Railroad Police

This unit is one of the most counterinsurgency-conscious units in the Police Department Through its own initiative the Railway Police has acquired four (4) Wickham Trolleys (rail cons) to use in the areas where the insurgency and sabotage is a threat

Training has been given by the Railway Division on the operation of the vehicles Further training in the weapons to be used with the cars will be-given in the next few months Twenty-eight men are in training at present in preparation for the installation and operashytion of Railway Police communications system

Authority has been granted for an increase of 75 men for the new investigation and intelligence unit

A new railway link was opened in September 1967 which runs from Con Kai to Bua Yai

In-service training began October 1 1967 It will continue until all Railroad Police are trained

Support of this unit commenced in June 1966 Since that time a review has been made of the Divisions responsibilities organizashytion operational procedures and basic transportation communishycations weaponry training and personnel needs In FY 66

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$20 900 in weapons was provided In FY 67 $244 768 was utilized to supply additional weapons and basic transportation riot control and training equipment Basic communication equipment was also provided the amounts are noted in the section of Communications In addition $1 000 and 15 20 000 was provided for supplies necessary to give a special instructorshytraining class in counter-sabotage The training was given to fifteen selected police officers by the US Army Special Forces

G Special Branch

Special Branch has proved particularly effective during the past year in mounting operations to penetrate and negate the efforts of the Communist Party of Thailand and its insurgent appendages Division VII which is responsible for up-country operations has added six offices bringing the total to 41 offices and 345 officers serving up-country Special Branch contributes manpower to the four Joint Security Centers and provides timely information for day-to-day operations producing about 600 reports per month Special Branch officers also accompany the combined RTG forces on sweep operations furnishing trained interrogators who have a detailed knowledge of insurgent organization

Equipment being acquired under FY 67 will be used for equipping the new central registry office

H Immigration Division

In FY 67 improvements have continued to be made at the major air terminal The Immigration Division continues to expand to meet the growing needs for alien control in Thailand Participant training provided has resulted in requests for innovations to improve the Divisions efficiency Advisory services have been directed torrecommending measures for the Immigration Division to maintain both its prompt service and a quick and systematic response to security needs while handling an increased workload

I Crime -Suppression Division

Construction of the CSD Communications Center Base Station with counterpart funds was completed in November 1967 USOM funding provided twenty-eight 30-W VHF-FM mobile radios 10 FM-1 and 10 FM-5 radios In addition all of the units existing communications equipment has been overhauled and a 90-foot tower with high gain antenna was installed for use with the units Bangkok base station

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J Crime Records Office

An effective Fingerprint and Identification Section with the necessary equipment (auxiliary files) he s been established in the Criminal Records Office Regional Record Unit Offices also have been established In addition three Provincial Record Offices have been constructed staffed and equipped while another twenty units are currently under construction Expansion of office facilities at CRC Headquarters has been completed They were equipped with US purchased fingerprint classification and latent fingerprint supplies with required locally available equipment and supplies furnished from FY 67 baht counterpart funds A feasibility study concerned with contemporary methods of receiving storing retrieving and displaying criminal records has been completed and the use of electronic data processing has been determined to be an effective means of improving the overall CR0 operations

K Police Administration Committee to Receive Foreign Assistance

The Police Administrative Committee to Receive Foreign Assistance is a duly constituted element of the TNPD established by the Director-General of Police as his direct liaison with USCM Public Safety to insure the overall coordination cooperation planning and evaluation of USOM Public Safety activities with the TNPD The existence of this Committee contributes to a very large extent to the success of USOMs activities with the TNPD as it facilitates joint planning and assists in assurance of proper utilization of USOM-provided training and commodities

-The Police Administrative Committee has been formed staffed meetings held and specific areas of study determined Subshycommittees have been appointed covering project implementation counterpart funds and participant training Personnel have been assigned to each sub-project in order that TA s and their countershyparts may have direct contact with a member of the Committee Weekly meetings of the Committees staff and USOMs staff have been held Lastly sub-committees have been designated to study monitor and recommend improved methods of operation and administration of specific TNPD elements and functions

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L Inspector General

During FY 67 $20 000 was provided for vehicles office and photographic equipment while a total of $ 27 000 was provided from counterpart funds for supplies and materials

Recommendations to reorganize and increase the capability of the Inspector Generals Office have been completed end approved by the Director General Added authorized personnel have since been assigned to this office resulting in an improved inspection capability

A Joint TNPDUSOM inspection has been made of the Provincial Police which resulted in jointly agreed recommendations for changes in the USOM sub-project to support this Division In addition to improved police housing station reconstruction and renovation the inspection also reinforced a recognized need for POL reaction forces and lower level police presence

During FY 1967 the Inspector Generals Office performed evaluations of conditions in all areas of the Kingdom with growing emphasis upon security-sensitive areas Four inspections were conducted personally by the IG in Northeast Provinces and one in the South

M Management Information Systems

This -sub-project encompasses the development of an improved management information system required for effective utilization of police resources funds material manpower and intelligence necessary to combat subversion insurgency and criminality iri the security-sensitive areas of Thailand Embodied in this subshyproject are the following TNPD divisions which were listed as separate sub-projects in the FY 67 ProAg

Secretariat Finance Division Research and Planning Central Data Processing

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A proposal based upon studies of the Secretariats Office Finance

Division Planning and Research Division and Crime Records Office was prepared in November 1966 for the development of a

TNPD Management Information System An interim payroll system

was designedand implemented in April 1967 utilizing automatic data processing (ADP) equipment

Offices and housing space for ADP equipment were provided for in a

building constructed by TNPD national budget in April 1967

Furnishings and equipment were funded by FY 67 baht counterpart

Basic ADP key-punch and verifying equipment was ordered and

installed in FY 67 and basic programming training was given

locally to five TNPD personnel

A new Incident Report Form was designed and tested

N Signal Division

The policy of channeling all telecommunication support for all

divisions of the TNPD through the Signal Division has been firmly established

Seven Thai police officers have received participant telecommunishy

cation training in the United States and are now working in key

positions within the TNPD Signal Division

225 new members of the TNPD Signal Division have been recruited

and are undergoing training

A telecommunication technician and operators school has been

established and equipped Two classes of 32 each have graduated and a third is in progress

Sufficient test equipment tools and spare parts are now on hand to

initially stock and equip the Bangkok facilities and the regional

repair shops

The services of three US direct hire and two US personal

service contract advisors were provided In addition USOM is

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providing one direct hire and two contract Thai technicians who are paid from counterpart trust funds There are also 50 Thai technishycians and 12 Thai engineers who are paid from counterpart funds assisting with the project

The transmitter receiver and message center buildings which will house the personnel and equipment for the headquarters base station of the country-wide network in Bangkok were completed in tugust of 1967 It will take approximately 45 days to install the telecommunication equipment which is already in-country

210 of the first phase Police Tambol Stations have been radio equipped As additional stations are constructed radio equipment is being installed Phase two (FY 67) consists of 125 new stations and the radios have been ordered

Regional repair shops are completed and operaticnal in Regions 4 6 and 9 and are nearing completion in all other regions

A modern central depot warehouse has been constructed in Bangkok

A modern depot repair shop has been established in Bangkok The existing facility is in a temporary location however a modern two- story building is under construction

Construction is completed on the Bangkok mobile repair shop tdequate test equipment tools and spare parts are on hand to service the VHF-FM mobile and base station radios presently being utilized by various TNPD agencies

The first 23 Special Action Force units have been radio equipped and sufficient equipment is on order to take care of planned expansion of the SAF

40 FM-5 radios have been issued the provincial police 23 single side band radios 701 FM-5 radios 300 FM-l radios and 12 HT-2 ground-to-air radios were ordered from FY 1966 funding This equipment started to arrive in August 1967 and is being processed for issue An additional 50 single side band radios 716 FM-5 400 FM-l and 50 ground-to-air radios were ordered in FY 1967

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Equipment has been ordered to up-dte the Marine Police network both ship and shore stations This equipment has started to arrive and the Marine Police Telecom Section is installing it on boats and at shore installations

The Bangkok Metropolitan Police have received 56 base stations and 69 mobile stations which have been installed and are operational 63 FM-5 and 60 FM-i radios are on orderfcr them and delivery should commence in October of 1967 20 mobile stations 180 FM-5 and 90 FM-i radios were ordered for them with FY 1967 funds This equipment will expand the existing system down to the Kiosk level

The following equipment was provided the Crime Suppression Division from FY 1966 funding 1 VHF-FM 120-watt base station and 6 FM-i radice 1967 funding provided 28 30-watt VHF-FM mobile radios 10 FM-i radios and 10 FM-5 radios In addition all of their existing equipment has been overhauled and a 90-foot tower with a high gain antenna installed for use with their Bangkok base station

The Highway Patrol has received 66 VHF-FM mobile radios and 22 VHF-FM base stations These radios are deployed at fixed points and in patrol vehicles along the major highways and in Bangkok In order to further extend their systems coverage 20 more mobile and 11 base stations will be provided with FY 67 funds A continuing maintenance program has been established for their overall system and antenna towers with high-gain antennas erected in many critical areas

Seven HF single side band radios have arrived in country for the Railway Police 50 FM-5 and 100 FM-1 radios were also ordered with FY 66 funding for them Six additional single side band radios 146 FM-5 and 252 FM-i radios have been ordered from FY 67 funding 27 memberS of the Railway Police have graduated from a special class on communications given by the TNPD Signal Division

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The TNPD Education Division has received specialized instruction on communication subjects and has been provided radio equipment of the same type utilized by operational elements of the TNPD

24 VHF-FM mobile and six base station radios were ordered in FY 67 to completely up-date the CID system Antennas towers and other accessories will also be provided and installed

A telecommunicaticn network for the TNPD Air Wing has been designed and suitable equipment ordered for them to enable pointshyto-point radio communication between their various air fields and also between ground stations and aircraft in flight

0 Education Bureau

In order to meet the increased demand for both Provincial Police and Border Patrcl Police agreed to in the FY 65 ProAg the capacity of the four Provincial Police recruit schools was raised from 1440 men graduating in two classes a year to 4 800 in 2-12 classes a year At the close of FY 66 activity targets for the Education Bureau for the following year increased with a requireshyment for an additional 1 550 constable recruits to be trained by the end of June 1967 By increasing the company strengths from 90 to 120 men and adding four additional recruit ccmpanies this goal was met

As a result of TNPD force expansion to meet the increasing insurgency it was agreed in the FY 67 ProAg to train an additional force of 11 550 men by the end of December 1968 This is being accomplished expanding all companies in all schools to 180 men each This will produce a total of 4860 men graduating in 2-12 classes per year or an znnual average of 12 150 men

An analysis of the Metropolitan Recruit Training Program was made and an up-graded curriculum will be introduced in FY 68 which will improve the training

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P Aviation Division

Since the concept of the centralized TNPD Aviation was agreed to in June of 1966 considerable progress has been made The maintenance advisory contract (first signed in 1962) has been expanded to include the support of all TNPD aircraft and is being renegotiated to include such services as on-call maintehance personnel and to stipulate the objective of building an in-house capability of the TNPD to perform aircraft maintenance From FY 66 funds six utility and 16 LOH type helicopters have been contracted for and will be delivered during FY 68 Thirty TNPD officers were sent to the US in FY 67 for helicopter training and 26 of them are expected to report for flying duty with the Aviation Division by December 1967

Additionally a USOMTNPD plan for the expansion of the Thai Civil Aviation Training Center (CATC) to include helicopter training has been approved in principle and it is anticipated that 24 pilots per year will be made available to the TNPD from this source Plans for the construction of 2 TNPD aircraft hangars at Bangkok and 8 helicopter hangars and 15 crew quarters upcountry are complete 18 15 500 000 from FY 66 and FY 67 counterpart funds was approve d for this purpose and contracts have been awarded In FY 67 the TNPD screened some 300 constables for US -sponsored helicopter mechanic training in Taiwan 45 were selected and sent The TNPD is planning to dispose of obsolete and undesirable aircraft which have not been utilized effectively and which have been an undue maintenance burden This action will bring about a considerable alleviation in the overall problems of supporting and maintaining 12 different types of aircraft Agreement to and implementation of a number of changes in operating and maintenance procedures has resulted in an improved safer air support program The concept of a centralized Aviation Division has been accepted in a manner which portends full cooperation in attaining the desired increased air support for all TNPD elements

The TNPD budgeted and purchased its first large STOL aircraft a Canadian built DeHaviland Caribou in FY 66 for delivery in FY 67 a second airplane was purchased in FY 67 for delivery in

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FY 68 These two Caribous costing $ 18 000 000 each are outstanding hcst country self-help contributions to the air support capability of the Aviation Division It is anticipated that all TNPD large transportSTOL requirements will be met by these aircraft

Q Quartermaster Division

Embodied in this sub-project are the following TNPD divisions which were listed as separate sub-projects in the FY 67 ProAg Quartermaster Management Armament Vehicle Maintenance

(a) Quartermaster

Four building projects were initiated with completion due prior to December 31 1967

1 Test Range Improvements and Soundprcofing shycounterpart funds and US Government excess property

2 Guard Facilities and Offices - baht counterpart

3 Food Canteen - TNPD budget

4 Supply and storage facility near Automotive Rebuild shybaht ccunterpart

The QM area has been paved with asphalt - TNPD budget

Q1Li developed a program to store material salvaged from incoming boxes This is used to make crates andcr boxes for outgoing articles as necessary

(b) rmament

Reloading equipment for caliber 38 ammunition arrived in-country was set up and production began in May 1967

Gunsmiths have been trained for mobile repair teams These teams to be based at the TNPD Quartermaster Depot in Bangkok

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will travel tc and from work at Regional Headquarters Changwad and Amphur stations to lessen the down time involved with

weapons which have heretofore necessarily been sent to Bangkok for repair Twenty men have been partially trained Approxishy

mately 4 000 Mossberg bolt action shotguns were modified and

repaired by the mobile gunsmithing teams during the year

Individual on-the-job training for gunsmiths in the machine shop

has been on an as-needed basis and has resulted in increased

efficiency in both fields The machine shop has become proficient

in weapons parts making

TNPD regulations concerning weapons repair have been revised

allowing more flexibility and relaxing previous stern measures

which hampered training and in effect restricted use of weapons

Obsolete weapons have been almost entirely turned in and replaced

by modern arms mostly USOM provided

(c) Vehicle Maintenance

As of November 1967 11 field garages have been built by joint

ThaiUSOM funding The BPP have four garages completed and

three under construction USOM funded the tocling and American

made vehicle parts fcr all of the field garages and the QM Nine

shops have been staffed and have had training in the use of their

tools and equipment A new parts warehouse is now under

construction at the QM counterpart funded Eighty-five mechanics

have had various levels of training

R Petroleum Suppcrt

The Petroleum program was apprcved in September 1966 US dollar funding was $500 000 in FY 66 and $735 000 in FY 67 The TNPD contributed counterpart funds amounting to $ 2 000 000 in FY 66 and $ 400 000 in FY 67 for transportation and distribution

of the petroleum

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Tickets and control measures were developed and approved in April 1967 Petroleum started flowing in May 1967 As of November 1967 all divisions of the TNPD are receiving petroleum and books to draw fuel have been distributed to all regions of the Kingdom

As a result of this program TNPD patrol activity has increased and has resulted in around-the-clock law enforcement All units receiving petroleum such as Marine Pclice Aviation Division Highway Patrol Provincial Police and Border Patrol Police have recorded increase -in arrests resulting in their being a greater deterrent to insurgency and crime in all are-as

By the prcvisicn of increased petroleum allowances permitting operation of generators and battery chargers it is now possible for police field units to use their radios to meet increased reporting schedules thus providing better protection for the villagers

The Marine Police as a direct result of the petrcleum support program combined with receipt of new high-speed patrol craft have initiated Z4-hour-a-day patrol on the river and smashed a smugglers ring Also provision of petroleum has freed their POL budget to a1cw them to pay up back per diem accounts and POL bills

Remote Area Security

The RAS project is targeted to assist the BPP in fulfilling one of their assigned border security responsibilities - the creation of a friendly cooperating local population firmly commited to Thailand and willing to support the RTGBPP in identifying locating and eliminating communist subversives in the border regions

The RAS program brings the BPP into otherwise isolated villages tc invoke and provide positive improvements in the villagers living conditions as well as an expanded prospect for the future The objective of the RAS program is to involve the villager in his own development so that the projects their explanation and the peopleBPP relaticns will supply the villager with a reason and

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desire to risk his life and property for a government which for him has previously been nonexistant negative or at least politically socially and geographically distant

In FY 67 six 15-man complements of BPP were trained by the US Seabees in village level self-help projects designed for the greatest political import - by responding to the felt needs of the villager These 15-man teams form the nucleus of 35-man TC development platoons one for each police area to be used in response to villager aspirations In the process of this on-the-job training the BPPSeabee teams accomplished the following in remote border villages

9 Schools were constructed 35 Bridges were constructed 65 Culverts-were implaced 57 Wells were dug and cased

107 Water seal privies were installed 17 Storage dams were constructed

7 STOL stripe were constructed 7 New BPP Platoon Hqs barracks were constructed

272 Kilometers of road were pioneered 45 304 Villagers were treated by medics

2 600 Villagers participated directly with projects 40 000 Villagers were directly affectedby projects

The third cycle of US Seabees are presently training three more BPP counterpart teams -

Nine US technicians were approved in FY 67 and seven are now in country The US technicians have hired and are training 25 Thai specialists in the fields of education agriculture animal husbandry vet medicine and sanitation These Thai specialists young educated locals are providing the extension of the US technical advisor to more areas of the border and they provide the bridge between the US technicians and the BPP who work at the village level Thai specialists will be increased to 35 in FY 68

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The medical program of the RAS cost $400 000 in FY 67 The various cutlets of the BPP treated 50 000 patients per month around the borders of Thailand Fifty paramedics were trained as squad-level medics in basic medicinefirst aid techniques Another 250 remain to be trained which will bring to 454 or one for each squad the total number of BPP squad medics The medical program lost impetus when Embassy technicians were diverted and three US medical technicians will be contracted in FY 68 to properly supervise and monitor the civic action medical program

The BPP educational program staffs and operates 212 remote border schools All 384 school teachers had been re-trained on an annual basis but a transfer of personnel in early FY 68 depleted almost 40 percent of the trained teacher strength Retraining programs are underway to fill this gap and efforts are being made to transfer up to 25 schools each year to the Thai government ministry for support and staffing

The FY 68 target is to have each line platcon actively involved in population-commitment self-help projects at the village level The RAS personnel and support both US and Thai will be directed at assisting the platoons in developing the local populations within the platoon sphere of responsibility In FY 67 some of the most detailed intelligence gained by the BPP and which resulted in operations against communist elements were a direct result of RAS activities

Village Radio

-1 A total of 1 349 radios have been installed Regions 3 4 6 and 9 are 100 completed Region 5 has 50 of its radios installed and should be 100 completed by the end of December 1967 which will conclude all of Phase One Progress of installation of the radios has been delayed due to lack of helicopter support to enable the installation teams to reach inaccessible remote locations

2 PICCs have been prepared and submitted for 1 125 radios

plus supporting items for the implementation of Phase Two

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of this project IBM data sheets have been prepared which give current status of all radio installation to include map coordinates operating frequencies and serial number of each radio

3 A central warehouse and repair shop has been established at the Signal Division compound in Bangkok under the auspices of the TNPD Thai technicians are being trained at these facilities to repair and operate the radios and other equipment To date formal and on-the-job training has been given to 12- installationteams of three men each and 15 radio repair technicians who work in the Bangkck and regional repair shops

4 DOLA has with their own budget provided eight technicians to work with the USOM and police installation teams

FIELD OPERA TIONS

Accelerated Rural Development

During FY 67 utilizing the USRTG resources provided in the FY 64 65 and 66 Project Agreements the ARD Project (a) Constructed about 280 kilometers of all-weather road and conducted follow-up on-the-job training for 1 543 construction workers in eleven changwats (b) initiated special agricultural activities in nine of the eleven changwats (c) Ccmpleted conshystruction of overhaul shops and engineering offices in three changwats (d) Provided engineering -and equipment overhaul services at the NEARDC for the ARD changwats (e) Staffed Thai changwat planning officer positions in all 14 changwats (f) Developed changwat development goals for the fourteen changwats - including preliminary mapped five-year roadshynedwork goals And (g) developed the yearly detailed men money and materials requirements to continue the project in 14 changwats and to initiate the project in four additional changwats

Of less tangible but perhaps far greater counterinsurgency value the planning and execution of ARD projects in the changwats have

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become more nearly local government institutions designed to meet local needs The overall geographic priorities are still of necessity being set in Bangkok however the selection of specific activities and the locations within the changwats where these will be executed are tc a greater degree than ever before local options While accepting Bangkok leadership the Governors express their views on the impact of Bangkok ideas on chanswat activities with candor and vigor Recognizing the mid- and lowershylevel managerial weaknesses in the A-RD projects the Governors in fact recently seized the initiative to press the ARD Office for the establishment of an in-country training program in management principles and practices for changwat personnel

We anticipate a significant increase in productivity in FY 68 as a consequence of (a) The first quarter FY 68 receipt of the US equipment pledged in the FY 66 PrcAg - this receipt will almost double the total amount of equipment that was available during FY 67 (b) The skills maturation of the construction crews And (c) the managerial training and experience being provided ARD personnel in training sessions and on the job

Mobile Development Units

During the past year three new MDUs became operational making a total of 19 in Northern Northeastern Northwestern and Southern Thailand MDUs in 1968 will continue to increase at least at the present rate of three per year The National Security Commands (in Ministry of Defense) budget in support of MDUs is expected to double in FY 68 This increase in budget will be for both (1) new MDUs -and (2) increased inputs for established MDUs in the most critically insurgent areas

MDUs 3Nakhon Phanom 15Si Sa Ket and 4Nara Thiwas have expanded their working and learning youth program This program is designed to train village youth between the ages 15-25 in such skills as Carpentry barbering rubber tapping auto mechanics and agricultural practices By training village youth the National Security Command hopes both tc fill manpower gaps and also to deny the insurgents new recruits New-projects are under way in Uttaradit Surin and Pattani

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Many MDUs are also now engaged in youthadult literacy classes

In November 28 operators and mechanics finished training at the Northeast Technical Institute in Korat and are now deployed in the field This training is a good example of coordination between MDU and ARD Coordination with ARD in establishment of provincial all-weather road networks is also improving in the ARD provinces Construction Company completed the first project road in Changwat Ubon Two platoon elements were deployed to Buri Ram and Si Sa Ket (Cambodian border) respectively to begin second projects while the third remained in Ubon to extend the first road

MDU development activities include roads irrigation health education agriculture livestock fisheries and vocational training In addition the MDUs operate only in areas where traditionally RTG influenceservices have been virtually non-existent

50 KW

The -50 KW transmitter located in Sakon Nakhcn Province is nowshybroadcasting 12 hours per day Station 909 as it is known in the Northeast reaches a vast audience in the most critically insurgent region of Thailand

Station 909 has been able to counter the propaganda of both Radio Hanoi and Voice of the People of Thailahd broadcasting from somewhere in Laos Already several communists have defected to local authorities saying that 9091s influence had really convinced them to give themselves up

All US Army trainerstechnicians have been phased out from the site One contract technician still remains and is working closely with the National Security Command personnel Four USIS field reporterprogramming advisors are also working closely with NSC counterparts throughout the Northeast

USG M hopes to be able to transfer complete ownership to the

Royal Thai Government in the near future

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Amphur Farmer Groups

Fourteen Amphur Farmer Groups consisting of 17 500 members from 450 village rice and agricultural clubs have been formed in six Northeastern ARD changwats Boards of Directors have been elected and a manager and staff employed The AFG managers and bookkeepers have received training in a special three-week session at Kasetsart University In additicn the AFG managers two local farm leaders per amphur and the amphur rice and agriculture officers have received two weeks participant training in Taiwan

To date ten 400-ton AFG warehouses for the storage of paddy and fertilizer have been completed and two others are 80 completed These same amphurs have also completed construction of combinashytion offices and equipment storage buildings Plans have been completed in Amphurs Chiang Khan and Dan Sai for specialized warehouses for cotton and peanuts

The majority of USOM-supplied equipment for this program from FY 66 procurement has been in country within the past 90 days and plans are being formulated for its use during the next cropping season This equipment includes farm tractors with attachments hand sprayers pickup trucks scales typewriters and duplicating machines

A production credit program for paddy was instituted in 12 of the 14 amphurs with five commercial banks furnishing credit in kind for fertilizer and pesticides The banks were assisted in this program by approximately 500 amphur officials village CD workers and selected school teachers who were trained to explain the program to farmers and assist with loan applications From 11 868 loan applicants 9 567 loans were approved and 8445 farmers actually elected to receive credit To date S 2 500 000 has been extended as credit under this program for the current crop year

A natural disaster guarantee fund has been established with USOM support to indemnify the participating banks in case of non-payment of loans because of flood drought and insect epidemics

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In Changwat Loei credit for pesticides and sprayers amounting to $ 3 500 000 was furnished to 3 000 cotton farmers through the AFG by three private cotton companies

Future plans call for establishment of 14 new AFG in FY 68 in the ARD areas increasing membership in existing AFG establishment of a marketing credit program and intensified extension training for the AFG members

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Extension

Since the new Department of Extension is not yet in operation agricultural extension programs in Thailand are still being carried out through the Extension Divisions of the various departments of the Ministry of Agriculture The organization of the Department of Extension has been approved by the Ministry along with its functionsand responsibilities but has not yet been given official Cabinet approval Cnce Cabinet approval has been given and personnel problems are resolved the Department of Extension will carry on the present extension programs of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture initiating new programs as well Operation of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office at the Northeast Agricultural Center at Tha Phra will also be an active part of the program

At present staffing of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office has not been completed and only an Acting Regional Extension Director is stationed there Consequently training programs for

extension workers farm leaders and farmers that were originally scheduled to be done at Tha Phra have been carried out by the Extension Divisions of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture

In the sensitive changwats of Northeast Thailand so far in 1967 the Department of Agriculture has conducted four five-day Amphur Officer training meetingz with 237 officers receiving the training Department policies new programs crops and techniques were included in the training program Five four-day training

24

meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

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Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

27

Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

28

The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

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Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

3

under construction in a local shipyard completion date is March 15 1968 This construction project funded by counterpart baht in FY 67 is supported by USOM-provided engines propeller shafts marine accessories and electronic equipment

Banditry river piracy and smuggling in the Port of Bangkok have largely been reduced through the expanded patrol of the Marine Police using USOM-furnished modern high- speed patrol craft which arrived in FY 67

Through USOM provision of engines spare parts machine tools etc combined with RTG counterpart baht funding eighteen patrol vessels long out of commission were restored to duty status

A shipyard being constructed at Kantang (S Thailand - Indian Ocean) with counterpart funds and equipped by USCM is nearing completion This yard will provide for repair and maintenance of Marine Police Indian Ocean fleet units up tothe size of 100 feet

Plans for security of the U Tapao-Sattahip area were developed with USMACTJUSMAGT and RTG and implemented in FY 67

The MP communications capability ashore and afloat was improved through the provision of USOM-provided communications equipment

A 184-foot patrol vessel funded entirely from the TNPD national budget was purchased in FY 67 for 18 million baht This ship under construction in West Germany will be delivered in FY 68

D Metropolitan Police

USOM funding was provided in FY 67 and radios were ordered for installation in 50 kiosks (check points) at strategic locations within the metropolitan area

r A central radio information center was-established in 1962 linking headquarters with a pilot mobile patrol unit composed of 10 vehicles In FY 66 and FY 67 this system was expanded by installation of radios in 41 of the 55 police stations thus linking them with Metropolitan Police Headquarters The balance of 14 radios was ordered in FY 67 to complete this part of the radio net

A

4

Counterpart funds were released in FY 67 for acquisition of twelve small boats (15 - 25) equipped with long shaft outboard motors These craft are now under construction and will be used in the inland waterways for patrol purposes

A joint survey of the Metropolitan Police Bureau was started in January 1967 and final report will be submitted by December 1 1967

E Highway Patrol

The completion of a RTN air base and new maritime docks at Sattabip imposed new requirements on the manpower of the Highway Police who are charged with convoy duty from Sattahip In FY 67 150 men were added to the force Six new two-man resources control points with communications equipment were established Check points are now in operation from the important Sattahip base north to Korat and Udorn and Takli

Budgetary approval has been received from the Highway Department and the BOB for an additional 150 men in FY 68

An intelligence system of informants has been established and is becoming very effective against insurgent smuggling operations Powers of interrogation and investigation have been given to the Highway Patrol which will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the unit

A new central headquarters for the Highway Patrol was constructed in the capital city at a cost of 2 300 000 baht provided by RTG national budget funds Space for classrooms and quarters for students receiving in-service and specialized training as well as a modern communications centor is provided for in this building

Plans for construction of a new subdivision headquarters and section headquarters for each of the remaining five regions have been approved by the Highway Division

Four new subdivision headquarters with housing facilities were constructed from funds provided entirely by the Highway Department

5

of the Ministry of National Development With USOM technical assistance three in-service training classes in Highway Patrol methods and procedures were held

Training in anti-sabotage began in May 1967 Three courses have been presented to date With the increase of insurgency in the country this training is a necessity for the protection against sabotage of highways and the bridges over which the vital military supplies flow every day

Thirty patrol vehicles were added to the fleet in FY 67 twenty from project funds and ten from the Highway Department budget

F Railroad Police

This unit is one of the most counterinsurgency-conscious units in the Police Department Through its own initiative the Railway Police has acquired four (4) Wickham Trolleys (rail cons) to use in the areas where the insurgency and sabotage is a threat

Training has been given by the Railway Division on the operation of the vehicles Further training in the weapons to be used with the cars will be-given in the next few months Twenty-eight men are in training at present in preparation for the installation and operashytion of Railway Police communications system

Authority has been granted for an increase of 75 men for the new investigation and intelligence unit

A new railway link was opened in September 1967 which runs from Con Kai to Bua Yai

In-service training began October 1 1967 It will continue until all Railroad Police are trained

Support of this unit commenced in June 1966 Since that time a review has been made of the Divisions responsibilities organizashytion operational procedures and basic transportation communishycations weaponry training and personnel needs In FY 66

6

$20 900 in weapons was provided In FY 67 $244 768 was utilized to supply additional weapons and basic transportation riot control and training equipment Basic communication equipment was also provided the amounts are noted in the section of Communications In addition $1 000 and 15 20 000 was provided for supplies necessary to give a special instructorshytraining class in counter-sabotage The training was given to fifteen selected police officers by the US Army Special Forces

G Special Branch

Special Branch has proved particularly effective during the past year in mounting operations to penetrate and negate the efforts of the Communist Party of Thailand and its insurgent appendages Division VII which is responsible for up-country operations has added six offices bringing the total to 41 offices and 345 officers serving up-country Special Branch contributes manpower to the four Joint Security Centers and provides timely information for day-to-day operations producing about 600 reports per month Special Branch officers also accompany the combined RTG forces on sweep operations furnishing trained interrogators who have a detailed knowledge of insurgent organization

Equipment being acquired under FY 67 will be used for equipping the new central registry office

H Immigration Division

In FY 67 improvements have continued to be made at the major air terminal The Immigration Division continues to expand to meet the growing needs for alien control in Thailand Participant training provided has resulted in requests for innovations to improve the Divisions efficiency Advisory services have been directed torrecommending measures for the Immigration Division to maintain both its prompt service and a quick and systematic response to security needs while handling an increased workload

I Crime -Suppression Division

Construction of the CSD Communications Center Base Station with counterpart funds was completed in November 1967 USOM funding provided twenty-eight 30-W VHF-FM mobile radios 10 FM-1 and 10 FM-5 radios In addition all of the units existing communications equipment has been overhauled and a 90-foot tower with high gain antenna was installed for use with the units Bangkok base station

7

J Crime Records Office

An effective Fingerprint and Identification Section with the necessary equipment (auxiliary files) he s been established in the Criminal Records Office Regional Record Unit Offices also have been established In addition three Provincial Record Offices have been constructed staffed and equipped while another twenty units are currently under construction Expansion of office facilities at CRC Headquarters has been completed They were equipped with US purchased fingerprint classification and latent fingerprint supplies with required locally available equipment and supplies furnished from FY 67 baht counterpart funds A feasibility study concerned with contemporary methods of receiving storing retrieving and displaying criminal records has been completed and the use of electronic data processing has been determined to be an effective means of improving the overall CR0 operations

K Police Administration Committee to Receive Foreign Assistance

The Police Administrative Committee to Receive Foreign Assistance is a duly constituted element of the TNPD established by the Director-General of Police as his direct liaison with USCM Public Safety to insure the overall coordination cooperation planning and evaluation of USOM Public Safety activities with the TNPD The existence of this Committee contributes to a very large extent to the success of USOMs activities with the TNPD as it facilitates joint planning and assists in assurance of proper utilization of USOM-provided training and commodities

-The Police Administrative Committee has been formed staffed meetings held and specific areas of study determined Subshycommittees have been appointed covering project implementation counterpart funds and participant training Personnel have been assigned to each sub-project in order that TA s and their countershyparts may have direct contact with a member of the Committee Weekly meetings of the Committees staff and USOMs staff have been held Lastly sub-committees have been designated to study monitor and recommend improved methods of operation and administration of specific TNPD elements and functions

)

8

L Inspector General

During FY 67 $20 000 was provided for vehicles office and photographic equipment while a total of $ 27 000 was provided from counterpart funds for supplies and materials

Recommendations to reorganize and increase the capability of the Inspector Generals Office have been completed end approved by the Director General Added authorized personnel have since been assigned to this office resulting in an improved inspection capability

A Joint TNPDUSOM inspection has been made of the Provincial Police which resulted in jointly agreed recommendations for changes in the USOM sub-project to support this Division In addition to improved police housing station reconstruction and renovation the inspection also reinforced a recognized need for POL reaction forces and lower level police presence

During FY 1967 the Inspector Generals Office performed evaluations of conditions in all areas of the Kingdom with growing emphasis upon security-sensitive areas Four inspections were conducted personally by the IG in Northeast Provinces and one in the South

M Management Information Systems

This -sub-project encompasses the development of an improved management information system required for effective utilization of police resources funds material manpower and intelligence necessary to combat subversion insurgency and criminality iri the security-sensitive areas of Thailand Embodied in this subshyproject are the following TNPD divisions which were listed as separate sub-projects in the FY 67 ProAg

Secretariat Finance Division Research and Planning Central Data Processing

9

A proposal based upon studies of the Secretariats Office Finance

Division Planning and Research Division and Crime Records Office was prepared in November 1966 for the development of a

TNPD Management Information System An interim payroll system

was designedand implemented in April 1967 utilizing automatic data processing (ADP) equipment

Offices and housing space for ADP equipment were provided for in a

building constructed by TNPD national budget in April 1967

Furnishings and equipment were funded by FY 67 baht counterpart

Basic ADP key-punch and verifying equipment was ordered and

installed in FY 67 and basic programming training was given

locally to five TNPD personnel

A new Incident Report Form was designed and tested

N Signal Division

The policy of channeling all telecommunication support for all

divisions of the TNPD through the Signal Division has been firmly established

Seven Thai police officers have received participant telecommunishy

cation training in the United States and are now working in key

positions within the TNPD Signal Division

225 new members of the TNPD Signal Division have been recruited

and are undergoing training

A telecommunication technician and operators school has been

established and equipped Two classes of 32 each have graduated and a third is in progress

Sufficient test equipment tools and spare parts are now on hand to

initially stock and equip the Bangkok facilities and the regional

repair shops

The services of three US direct hire and two US personal

service contract advisors were provided In addition USOM is

10

providing one direct hire and two contract Thai technicians who are paid from counterpart trust funds There are also 50 Thai technishycians and 12 Thai engineers who are paid from counterpart funds assisting with the project

The transmitter receiver and message center buildings which will house the personnel and equipment for the headquarters base station of the country-wide network in Bangkok were completed in tugust of 1967 It will take approximately 45 days to install the telecommunication equipment which is already in-country

210 of the first phase Police Tambol Stations have been radio equipped As additional stations are constructed radio equipment is being installed Phase two (FY 67) consists of 125 new stations and the radios have been ordered

Regional repair shops are completed and operaticnal in Regions 4 6 and 9 and are nearing completion in all other regions

A modern central depot warehouse has been constructed in Bangkok

A modern depot repair shop has been established in Bangkok The existing facility is in a temporary location however a modern two- story building is under construction

Construction is completed on the Bangkok mobile repair shop tdequate test equipment tools and spare parts are on hand to service the VHF-FM mobile and base station radios presently being utilized by various TNPD agencies

The first 23 Special Action Force units have been radio equipped and sufficient equipment is on order to take care of planned expansion of the SAF

40 FM-5 radios have been issued the provincial police 23 single side band radios 701 FM-5 radios 300 FM-l radios and 12 HT-2 ground-to-air radios were ordered from FY 1966 funding This equipment started to arrive in August 1967 and is being processed for issue An additional 50 single side band radios 716 FM-5 400 FM-l and 50 ground-to-air radios were ordered in FY 1967

11

Equipment has been ordered to up-dte the Marine Police network both ship and shore stations This equipment has started to arrive and the Marine Police Telecom Section is installing it on boats and at shore installations

The Bangkok Metropolitan Police have received 56 base stations and 69 mobile stations which have been installed and are operational 63 FM-5 and 60 FM-i radios are on orderfcr them and delivery should commence in October of 1967 20 mobile stations 180 FM-5 and 90 FM-i radios were ordered for them with FY 1967 funds This equipment will expand the existing system down to the Kiosk level

The following equipment was provided the Crime Suppression Division from FY 1966 funding 1 VHF-FM 120-watt base station and 6 FM-i radice 1967 funding provided 28 30-watt VHF-FM mobile radios 10 FM-i radios and 10 FM-5 radios In addition all of their existing equipment has been overhauled and a 90-foot tower with a high gain antenna installed for use with their Bangkok base station

The Highway Patrol has received 66 VHF-FM mobile radios and 22 VHF-FM base stations These radios are deployed at fixed points and in patrol vehicles along the major highways and in Bangkok In order to further extend their systems coverage 20 more mobile and 11 base stations will be provided with FY 67 funds A continuing maintenance program has been established for their overall system and antenna towers with high-gain antennas erected in many critical areas

Seven HF single side band radios have arrived in country for the Railway Police 50 FM-5 and 100 FM-1 radios were also ordered with FY 66 funding for them Six additional single side band radios 146 FM-5 and 252 FM-i radios have been ordered from FY 67 funding 27 memberS of the Railway Police have graduated from a special class on communications given by the TNPD Signal Division

12

The TNPD Education Division has received specialized instruction on communication subjects and has been provided radio equipment of the same type utilized by operational elements of the TNPD

24 VHF-FM mobile and six base station radios were ordered in FY 67 to completely up-date the CID system Antennas towers and other accessories will also be provided and installed

A telecommunicaticn network for the TNPD Air Wing has been designed and suitable equipment ordered for them to enable pointshyto-point radio communication between their various air fields and also between ground stations and aircraft in flight

0 Education Bureau

In order to meet the increased demand for both Provincial Police and Border Patrcl Police agreed to in the FY 65 ProAg the capacity of the four Provincial Police recruit schools was raised from 1440 men graduating in two classes a year to 4 800 in 2-12 classes a year At the close of FY 66 activity targets for the Education Bureau for the following year increased with a requireshyment for an additional 1 550 constable recruits to be trained by the end of June 1967 By increasing the company strengths from 90 to 120 men and adding four additional recruit ccmpanies this goal was met

As a result of TNPD force expansion to meet the increasing insurgency it was agreed in the FY 67 ProAg to train an additional force of 11 550 men by the end of December 1968 This is being accomplished expanding all companies in all schools to 180 men each This will produce a total of 4860 men graduating in 2-12 classes per year or an znnual average of 12 150 men

An analysis of the Metropolitan Recruit Training Program was made and an up-graded curriculum will be introduced in FY 68 which will improve the training

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P Aviation Division

Since the concept of the centralized TNPD Aviation was agreed to in June of 1966 considerable progress has been made The maintenance advisory contract (first signed in 1962) has been expanded to include the support of all TNPD aircraft and is being renegotiated to include such services as on-call maintehance personnel and to stipulate the objective of building an in-house capability of the TNPD to perform aircraft maintenance From FY 66 funds six utility and 16 LOH type helicopters have been contracted for and will be delivered during FY 68 Thirty TNPD officers were sent to the US in FY 67 for helicopter training and 26 of them are expected to report for flying duty with the Aviation Division by December 1967

Additionally a USOMTNPD plan for the expansion of the Thai Civil Aviation Training Center (CATC) to include helicopter training has been approved in principle and it is anticipated that 24 pilots per year will be made available to the TNPD from this source Plans for the construction of 2 TNPD aircraft hangars at Bangkok and 8 helicopter hangars and 15 crew quarters upcountry are complete 18 15 500 000 from FY 66 and FY 67 counterpart funds was approve d for this purpose and contracts have been awarded In FY 67 the TNPD screened some 300 constables for US -sponsored helicopter mechanic training in Taiwan 45 were selected and sent The TNPD is planning to dispose of obsolete and undesirable aircraft which have not been utilized effectively and which have been an undue maintenance burden This action will bring about a considerable alleviation in the overall problems of supporting and maintaining 12 different types of aircraft Agreement to and implementation of a number of changes in operating and maintenance procedures has resulted in an improved safer air support program The concept of a centralized Aviation Division has been accepted in a manner which portends full cooperation in attaining the desired increased air support for all TNPD elements

The TNPD budgeted and purchased its first large STOL aircraft a Canadian built DeHaviland Caribou in FY 66 for delivery in FY 67 a second airplane was purchased in FY 67 for delivery in

14

FY 68 These two Caribous costing $ 18 000 000 each are outstanding hcst country self-help contributions to the air support capability of the Aviation Division It is anticipated that all TNPD large transportSTOL requirements will be met by these aircraft

Q Quartermaster Division

Embodied in this sub-project are the following TNPD divisions which were listed as separate sub-projects in the FY 67 ProAg Quartermaster Management Armament Vehicle Maintenance

(a) Quartermaster

Four building projects were initiated with completion due prior to December 31 1967

1 Test Range Improvements and Soundprcofing shycounterpart funds and US Government excess property

2 Guard Facilities and Offices - baht counterpart

3 Food Canteen - TNPD budget

4 Supply and storage facility near Automotive Rebuild shybaht ccunterpart

The QM area has been paved with asphalt - TNPD budget

Q1Li developed a program to store material salvaged from incoming boxes This is used to make crates andcr boxes for outgoing articles as necessary

(b) rmament

Reloading equipment for caliber 38 ammunition arrived in-country was set up and production began in May 1967

Gunsmiths have been trained for mobile repair teams These teams to be based at the TNPD Quartermaster Depot in Bangkok

15

will travel tc and from work at Regional Headquarters Changwad and Amphur stations to lessen the down time involved with

weapons which have heretofore necessarily been sent to Bangkok for repair Twenty men have been partially trained Approxishy

mately 4 000 Mossberg bolt action shotguns were modified and

repaired by the mobile gunsmithing teams during the year

Individual on-the-job training for gunsmiths in the machine shop

has been on an as-needed basis and has resulted in increased

efficiency in both fields The machine shop has become proficient

in weapons parts making

TNPD regulations concerning weapons repair have been revised

allowing more flexibility and relaxing previous stern measures

which hampered training and in effect restricted use of weapons

Obsolete weapons have been almost entirely turned in and replaced

by modern arms mostly USOM provided

(c) Vehicle Maintenance

As of November 1967 11 field garages have been built by joint

ThaiUSOM funding The BPP have four garages completed and

three under construction USOM funded the tocling and American

made vehicle parts fcr all of the field garages and the QM Nine

shops have been staffed and have had training in the use of their

tools and equipment A new parts warehouse is now under

construction at the QM counterpart funded Eighty-five mechanics

have had various levels of training

R Petroleum Suppcrt

The Petroleum program was apprcved in September 1966 US dollar funding was $500 000 in FY 66 and $735 000 in FY 67 The TNPD contributed counterpart funds amounting to $ 2 000 000 in FY 66 and $ 400 000 in FY 67 for transportation and distribution

of the petroleum

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Tickets and control measures were developed and approved in April 1967 Petroleum started flowing in May 1967 As of November 1967 all divisions of the TNPD are receiving petroleum and books to draw fuel have been distributed to all regions of the Kingdom

As a result of this program TNPD patrol activity has increased and has resulted in around-the-clock law enforcement All units receiving petroleum such as Marine Pclice Aviation Division Highway Patrol Provincial Police and Border Patrol Police have recorded increase -in arrests resulting in their being a greater deterrent to insurgency and crime in all are-as

By the prcvisicn of increased petroleum allowances permitting operation of generators and battery chargers it is now possible for police field units to use their radios to meet increased reporting schedules thus providing better protection for the villagers

The Marine Police as a direct result of the petrcleum support program combined with receipt of new high-speed patrol craft have initiated Z4-hour-a-day patrol on the river and smashed a smugglers ring Also provision of petroleum has freed their POL budget to a1cw them to pay up back per diem accounts and POL bills

Remote Area Security

The RAS project is targeted to assist the BPP in fulfilling one of their assigned border security responsibilities - the creation of a friendly cooperating local population firmly commited to Thailand and willing to support the RTGBPP in identifying locating and eliminating communist subversives in the border regions

The RAS program brings the BPP into otherwise isolated villages tc invoke and provide positive improvements in the villagers living conditions as well as an expanded prospect for the future The objective of the RAS program is to involve the villager in his own development so that the projects their explanation and the peopleBPP relaticns will supply the villager with a reason and

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desire to risk his life and property for a government which for him has previously been nonexistant negative or at least politically socially and geographically distant

In FY 67 six 15-man complements of BPP were trained by the US Seabees in village level self-help projects designed for the greatest political import - by responding to the felt needs of the villager These 15-man teams form the nucleus of 35-man TC development platoons one for each police area to be used in response to villager aspirations In the process of this on-the-job training the BPPSeabee teams accomplished the following in remote border villages

9 Schools were constructed 35 Bridges were constructed 65 Culverts-were implaced 57 Wells were dug and cased

107 Water seal privies were installed 17 Storage dams were constructed

7 STOL stripe were constructed 7 New BPP Platoon Hqs barracks were constructed

272 Kilometers of road were pioneered 45 304 Villagers were treated by medics

2 600 Villagers participated directly with projects 40 000 Villagers were directly affectedby projects

The third cycle of US Seabees are presently training three more BPP counterpart teams -

Nine US technicians were approved in FY 67 and seven are now in country The US technicians have hired and are training 25 Thai specialists in the fields of education agriculture animal husbandry vet medicine and sanitation These Thai specialists young educated locals are providing the extension of the US technical advisor to more areas of the border and they provide the bridge between the US technicians and the BPP who work at the village level Thai specialists will be increased to 35 in FY 68

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The medical program of the RAS cost $400 000 in FY 67 The various cutlets of the BPP treated 50 000 patients per month around the borders of Thailand Fifty paramedics were trained as squad-level medics in basic medicinefirst aid techniques Another 250 remain to be trained which will bring to 454 or one for each squad the total number of BPP squad medics The medical program lost impetus when Embassy technicians were diverted and three US medical technicians will be contracted in FY 68 to properly supervise and monitor the civic action medical program

The BPP educational program staffs and operates 212 remote border schools All 384 school teachers had been re-trained on an annual basis but a transfer of personnel in early FY 68 depleted almost 40 percent of the trained teacher strength Retraining programs are underway to fill this gap and efforts are being made to transfer up to 25 schools each year to the Thai government ministry for support and staffing

The FY 68 target is to have each line platcon actively involved in population-commitment self-help projects at the village level The RAS personnel and support both US and Thai will be directed at assisting the platoons in developing the local populations within the platoon sphere of responsibility In FY 67 some of the most detailed intelligence gained by the BPP and which resulted in operations against communist elements were a direct result of RAS activities

Village Radio

-1 A total of 1 349 radios have been installed Regions 3 4 6 and 9 are 100 completed Region 5 has 50 of its radios installed and should be 100 completed by the end of December 1967 which will conclude all of Phase One Progress of installation of the radios has been delayed due to lack of helicopter support to enable the installation teams to reach inaccessible remote locations

2 PICCs have been prepared and submitted for 1 125 radios

plus supporting items for the implementation of Phase Two

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of this project IBM data sheets have been prepared which give current status of all radio installation to include map coordinates operating frequencies and serial number of each radio

3 A central warehouse and repair shop has been established at the Signal Division compound in Bangkok under the auspices of the TNPD Thai technicians are being trained at these facilities to repair and operate the radios and other equipment To date formal and on-the-job training has been given to 12- installationteams of three men each and 15 radio repair technicians who work in the Bangkck and regional repair shops

4 DOLA has with their own budget provided eight technicians to work with the USOM and police installation teams

FIELD OPERA TIONS

Accelerated Rural Development

During FY 67 utilizing the USRTG resources provided in the FY 64 65 and 66 Project Agreements the ARD Project (a) Constructed about 280 kilometers of all-weather road and conducted follow-up on-the-job training for 1 543 construction workers in eleven changwats (b) initiated special agricultural activities in nine of the eleven changwats (c) Ccmpleted conshystruction of overhaul shops and engineering offices in three changwats (d) Provided engineering -and equipment overhaul services at the NEARDC for the ARD changwats (e) Staffed Thai changwat planning officer positions in all 14 changwats (f) Developed changwat development goals for the fourteen changwats - including preliminary mapped five-year roadshynedwork goals And (g) developed the yearly detailed men money and materials requirements to continue the project in 14 changwats and to initiate the project in four additional changwats

Of less tangible but perhaps far greater counterinsurgency value the planning and execution of ARD projects in the changwats have

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become more nearly local government institutions designed to meet local needs The overall geographic priorities are still of necessity being set in Bangkok however the selection of specific activities and the locations within the changwats where these will be executed are tc a greater degree than ever before local options While accepting Bangkok leadership the Governors express their views on the impact of Bangkok ideas on chanswat activities with candor and vigor Recognizing the mid- and lowershylevel managerial weaknesses in the A-RD projects the Governors in fact recently seized the initiative to press the ARD Office for the establishment of an in-country training program in management principles and practices for changwat personnel

We anticipate a significant increase in productivity in FY 68 as a consequence of (a) The first quarter FY 68 receipt of the US equipment pledged in the FY 66 PrcAg - this receipt will almost double the total amount of equipment that was available during FY 67 (b) The skills maturation of the construction crews And (c) the managerial training and experience being provided ARD personnel in training sessions and on the job

Mobile Development Units

During the past year three new MDUs became operational making a total of 19 in Northern Northeastern Northwestern and Southern Thailand MDUs in 1968 will continue to increase at least at the present rate of three per year The National Security Commands (in Ministry of Defense) budget in support of MDUs is expected to double in FY 68 This increase in budget will be for both (1) new MDUs -and (2) increased inputs for established MDUs in the most critically insurgent areas

MDUs 3Nakhon Phanom 15Si Sa Ket and 4Nara Thiwas have expanded their working and learning youth program This program is designed to train village youth between the ages 15-25 in such skills as Carpentry barbering rubber tapping auto mechanics and agricultural practices By training village youth the National Security Command hopes both tc fill manpower gaps and also to deny the insurgents new recruits New-projects are under way in Uttaradit Surin and Pattani

21

Many MDUs are also now engaged in youthadult literacy classes

In November 28 operators and mechanics finished training at the Northeast Technical Institute in Korat and are now deployed in the field This training is a good example of coordination between MDU and ARD Coordination with ARD in establishment of provincial all-weather road networks is also improving in the ARD provinces Construction Company completed the first project road in Changwat Ubon Two platoon elements were deployed to Buri Ram and Si Sa Ket (Cambodian border) respectively to begin second projects while the third remained in Ubon to extend the first road

MDU development activities include roads irrigation health education agriculture livestock fisheries and vocational training In addition the MDUs operate only in areas where traditionally RTG influenceservices have been virtually non-existent

50 KW

The -50 KW transmitter located in Sakon Nakhcn Province is nowshybroadcasting 12 hours per day Station 909 as it is known in the Northeast reaches a vast audience in the most critically insurgent region of Thailand

Station 909 has been able to counter the propaganda of both Radio Hanoi and Voice of the People of Thailahd broadcasting from somewhere in Laos Already several communists have defected to local authorities saying that 9091s influence had really convinced them to give themselves up

All US Army trainerstechnicians have been phased out from the site One contract technician still remains and is working closely with the National Security Command personnel Four USIS field reporterprogramming advisors are also working closely with NSC counterparts throughout the Northeast

USG M hopes to be able to transfer complete ownership to the

Royal Thai Government in the near future

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Amphur Farmer Groups

Fourteen Amphur Farmer Groups consisting of 17 500 members from 450 village rice and agricultural clubs have been formed in six Northeastern ARD changwats Boards of Directors have been elected and a manager and staff employed The AFG managers and bookkeepers have received training in a special three-week session at Kasetsart University In additicn the AFG managers two local farm leaders per amphur and the amphur rice and agriculture officers have received two weeks participant training in Taiwan

To date ten 400-ton AFG warehouses for the storage of paddy and fertilizer have been completed and two others are 80 completed These same amphurs have also completed construction of combinashytion offices and equipment storage buildings Plans have been completed in Amphurs Chiang Khan and Dan Sai for specialized warehouses for cotton and peanuts

The majority of USOM-supplied equipment for this program from FY 66 procurement has been in country within the past 90 days and plans are being formulated for its use during the next cropping season This equipment includes farm tractors with attachments hand sprayers pickup trucks scales typewriters and duplicating machines

A production credit program for paddy was instituted in 12 of the 14 amphurs with five commercial banks furnishing credit in kind for fertilizer and pesticides The banks were assisted in this program by approximately 500 amphur officials village CD workers and selected school teachers who were trained to explain the program to farmers and assist with loan applications From 11 868 loan applicants 9 567 loans were approved and 8445 farmers actually elected to receive credit To date S 2 500 000 has been extended as credit under this program for the current crop year

A natural disaster guarantee fund has been established with USOM support to indemnify the participating banks in case of non-payment of loans because of flood drought and insect epidemics

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In Changwat Loei credit for pesticides and sprayers amounting to $ 3 500 000 was furnished to 3 000 cotton farmers through the AFG by three private cotton companies

Future plans call for establishment of 14 new AFG in FY 68 in the ARD areas increasing membership in existing AFG establishment of a marketing credit program and intensified extension training for the AFG members

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Extension

Since the new Department of Extension is not yet in operation agricultural extension programs in Thailand are still being carried out through the Extension Divisions of the various departments of the Ministry of Agriculture The organization of the Department of Extension has been approved by the Ministry along with its functionsand responsibilities but has not yet been given official Cabinet approval Cnce Cabinet approval has been given and personnel problems are resolved the Department of Extension will carry on the present extension programs of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture initiating new programs as well Operation of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office at the Northeast Agricultural Center at Tha Phra will also be an active part of the program

At present staffing of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office has not been completed and only an Acting Regional Extension Director is stationed there Consequently training programs for

extension workers farm leaders and farmers that were originally scheduled to be done at Tha Phra have been carried out by the Extension Divisions of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture

In the sensitive changwats of Northeast Thailand so far in 1967 the Department of Agriculture has conducted four five-day Amphur Officer training meetingz with 237 officers receiving the training Department policies new programs crops and techniques were included in the training program Five four-day training

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meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

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Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

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Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

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The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

33

Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

A

4

Counterpart funds were released in FY 67 for acquisition of twelve small boats (15 - 25) equipped with long shaft outboard motors These craft are now under construction and will be used in the inland waterways for patrol purposes

A joint survey of the Metropolitan Police Bureau was started in January 1967 and final report will be submitted by December 1 1967

E Highway Patrol

The completion of a RTN air base and new maritime docks at Sattabip imposed new requirements on the manpower of the Highway Police who are charged with convoy duty from Sattahip In FY 67 150 men were added to the force Six new two-man resources control points with communications equipment were established Check points are now in operation from the important Sattahip base north to Korat and Udorn and Takli

Budgetary approval has been received from the Highway Department and the BOB for an additional 150 men in FY 68

An intelligence system of informants has been established and is becoming very effective against insurgent smuggling operations Powers of interrogation and investigation have been given to the Highway Patrol which will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the unit

A new central headquarters for the Highway Patrol was constructed in the capital city at a cost of 2 300 000 baht provided by RTG national budget funds Space for classrooms and quarters for students receiving in-service and specialized training as well as a modern communications centor is provided for in this building

Plans for construction of a new subdivision headquarters and section headquarters for each of the remaining five regions have been approved by the Highway Division

Four new subdivision headquarters with housing facilities were constructed from funds provided entirely by the Highway Department

5

of the Ministry of National Development With USOM technical assistance three in-service training classes in Highway Patrol methods and procedures were held

Training in anti-sabotage began in May 1967 Three courses have been presented to date With the increase of insurgency in the country this training is a necessity for the protection against sabotage of highways and the bridges over which the vital military supplies flow every day

Thirty patrol vehicles were added to the fleet in FY 67 twenty from project funds and ten from the Highway Department budget

F Railroad Police

This unit is one of the most counterinsurgency-conscious units in the Police Department Through its own initiative the Railway Police has acquired four (4) Wickham Trolleys (rail cons) to use in the areas where the insurgency and sabotage is a threat

Training has been given by the Railway Division on the operation of the vehicles Further training in the weapons to be used with the cars will be-given in the next few months Twenty-eight men are in training at present in preparation for the installation and operashytion of Railway Police communications system

Authority has been granted for an increase of 75 men for the new investigation and intelligence unit

A new railway link was opened in September 1967 which runs from Con Kai to Bua Yai

In-service training began October 1 1967 It will continue until all Railroad Police are trained

Support of this unit commenced in June 1966 Since that time a review has been made of the Divisions responsibilities organizashytion operational procedures and basic transportation communishycations weaponry training and personnel needs In FY 66

6

$20 900 in weapons was provided In FY 67 $244 768 was utilized to supply additional weapons and basic transportation riot control and training equipment Basic communication equipment was also provided the amounts are noted in the section of Communications In addition $1 000 and 15 20 000 was provided for supplies necessary to give a special instructorshytraining class in counter-sabotage The training was given to fifteen selected police officers by the US Army Special Forces

G Special Branch

Special Branch has proved particularly effective during the past year in mounting operations to penetrate and negate the efforts of the Communist Party of Thailand and its insurgent appendages Division VII which is responsible for up-country operations has added six offices bringing the total to 41 offices and 345 officers serving up-country Special Branch contributes manpower to the four Joint Security Centers and provides timely information for day-to-day operations producing about 600 reports per month Special Branch officers also accompany the combined RTG forces on sweep operations furnishing trained interrogators who have a detailed knowledge of insurgent organization

Equipment being acquired under FY 67 will be used for equipping the new central registry office

H Immigration Division

In FY 67 improvements have continued to be made at the major air terminal The Immigration Division continues to expand to meet the growing needs for alien control in Thailand Participant training provided has resulted in requests for innovations to improve the Divisions efficiency Advisory services have been directed torrecommending measures for the Immigration Division to maintain both its prompt service and a quick and systematic response to security needs while handling an increased workload

I Crime -Suppression Division

Construction of the CSD Communications Center Base Station with counterpart funds was completed in November 1967 USOM funding provided twenty-eight 30-W VHF-FM mobile radios 10 FM-1 and 10 FM-5 radios In addition all of the units existing communications equipment has been overhauled and a 90-foot tower with high gain antenna was installed for use with the units Bangkok base station

7

J Crime Records Office

An effective Fingerprint and Identification Section with the necessary equipment (auxiliary files) he s been established in the Criminal Records Office Regional Record Unit Offices also have been established In addition three Provincial Record Offices have been constructed staffed and equipped while another twenty units are currently under construction Expansion of office facilities at CRC Headquarters has been completed They were equipped with US purchased fingerprint classification and latent fingerprint supplies with required locally available equipment and supplies furnished from FY 67 baht counterpart funds A feasibility study concerned with contemporary methods of receiving storing retrieving and displaying criminal records has been completed and the use of electronic data processing has been determined to be an effective means of improving the overall CR0 operations

K Police Administration Committee to Receive Foreign Assistance

The Police Administrative Committee to Receive Foreign Assistance is a duly constituted element of the TNPD established by the Director-General of Police as his direct liaison with USCM Public Safety to insure the overall coordination cooperation planning and evaluation of USOM Public Safety activities with the TNPD The existence of this Committee contributes to a very large extent to the success of USOMs activities with the TNPD as it facilitates joint planning and assists in assurance of proper utilization of USOM-provided training and commodities

-The Police Administrative Committee has been formed staffed meetings held and specific areas of study determined Subshycommittees have been appointed covering project implementation counterpart funds and participant training Personnel have been assigned to each sub-project in order that TA s and their countershyparts may have direct contact with a member of the Committee Weekly meetings of the Committees staff and USOMs staff have been held Lastly sub-committees have been designated to study monitor and recommend improved methods of operation and administration of specific TNPD elements and functions

)

8

L Inspector General

During FY 67 $20 000 was provided for vehicles office and photographic equipment while a total of $ 27 000 was provided from counterpart funds for supplies and materials

Recommendations to reorganize and increase the capability of the Inspector Generals Office have been completed end approved by the Director General Added authorized personnel have since been assigned to this office resulting in an improved inspection capability

A Joint TNPDUSOM inspection has been made of the Provincial Police which resulted in jointly agreed recommendations for changes in the USOM sub-project to support this Division In addition to improved police housing station reconstruction and renovation the inspection also reinforced a recognized need for POL reaction forces and lower level police presence

During FY 1967 the Inspector Generals Office performed evaluations of conditions in all areas of the Kingdom with growing emphasis upon security-sensitive areas Four inspections were conducted personally by the IG in Northeast Provinces and one in the South

M Management Information Systems

This -sub-project encompasses the development of an improved management information system required for effective utilization of police resources funds material manpower and intelligence necessary to combat subversion insurgency and criminality iri the security-sensitive areas of Thailand Embodied in this subshyproject are the following TNPD divisions which were listed as separate sub-projects in the FY 67 ProAg

Secretariat Finance Division Research and Planning Central Data Processing

9

A proposal based upon studies of the Secretariats Office Finance

Division Planning and Research Division and Crime Records Office was prepared in November 1966 for the development of a

TNPD Management Information System An interim payroll system

was designedand implemented in April 1967 utilizing automatic data processing (ADP) equipment

Offices and housing space for ADP equipment were provided for in a

building constructed by TNPD national budget in April 1967

Furnishings and equipment were funded by FY 67 baht counterpart

Basic ADP key-punch and verifying equipment was ordered and

installed in FY 67 and basic programming training was given

locally to five TNPD personnel

A new Incident Report Form was designed and tested

N Signal Division

The policy of channeling all telecommunication support for all

divisions of the TNPD through the Signal Division has been firmly established

Seven Thai police officers have received participant telecommunishy

cation training in the United States and are now working in key

positions within the TNPD Signal Division

225 new members of the TNPD Signal Division have been recruited

and are undergoing training

A telecommunication technician and operators school has been

established and equipped Two classes of 32 each have graduated and a third is in progress

Sufficient test equipment tools and spare parts are now on hand to

initially stock and equip the Bangkok facilities and the regional

repair shops

The services of three US direct hire and two US personal

service contract advisors were provided In addition USOM is

10

providing one direct hire and two contract Thai technicians who are paid from counterpart trust funds There are also 50 Thai technishycians and 12 Thai engineers who are paid from counterpart funds assisting with the project

The transmitter receiver and message center buildings which will house the personnel and equipment for the headquarters base station of the country-wide network in Bangkok were completed in tugust of 1967 It will take approximately 45 days to install the telecommunication equipment which is already in-country

210 of the first phase Police Tambol Stations have been radio equipped As additional stations are constructed radio equipment is being installed Phase two (FY 67) consists of 125 new stations and the radios have been ordered

Regional repair shops are completed and operaticnal in Regions 4 6 and 9 and are nearing completion in all other regions

A modern central depot warehouse has been constructed in Bangkok

A modern depot repair shop has been established in Bangkok The existing facility is in a temporary location however a modern two- story building is under construction

Construction is completed on the Bangkok mobile repair shop tdequate test equipment tools and spare parts are on hand to service the VHF-FM mobile and base station radios presently being utilized by various TNPD agencies

The first 23 Special Action Force units have been radio equipped and sufficient equipment is on order to take care of planned expansion of the SAF

40 FM-5 radios have been issued the provincial police 23 single side band radios 701 FM-5 radios 300 FM-l radios and 12 HT-2 ground-to-air radios were ordered from FY 1966 funding This equipment started to arrive in August 1967 and is being processed for issue An additional 50 single side band radios 716 FM-5 400 FM-l and 50 ground-to-air radios were ordered in FY 1967

11

Equipment has been ordered to up-dte the Marine Police network both ship and shore stations This equipment has started to arrive and the Marine Police Telecom Section is installing it on boats and at shore installations

The Bangkok Metropolitan Police have received 56 base stations and 69 mobile stations which have been installed and are operational 63 FM-5 and 60 FM-i radios are on orderfcr them and delivery should commence in October of 1967 20 mobile stations 180 FM-5 and 90 FM-i radios were ordered for them with FY 1967 funds This equipment will expand the existing system down to the Kiosk level

The following equipment was provided the Crime Suppression Division from FY 1966 funding 1 VHF-FM 120-watt base station and 6 FM-i radice 1967 funding provided 28 30-watt VHF-FM mobile radios 10 FM-i radios and 10 FM-5 radios In addition all of their existing equipment has been overhauled and a 90-foot tower with a high gain antenna installed for use with their Bangkok base station

The Highway Patrol has received 66 VHF-FM mobile radios and 22 VHF-FM base stations These radios are deployed at fixed points and in patrol vehicles along the major highways and in Bangkok In order to further extend their systems coverage 20 more mobile and 11 base stations will be provided with FY 67 funds A continuing maintenance program has been established for their overall system and antenna towers with high-gain antennas erected in many critical areas

Seven HF single side band radios have arrived in country for the Railway Police 50 FM-5 and 100 FM-1 radios were also ordered with FY 66 funding for them Six additional single side band radios 146 FM-5 and 252 FM-i radios have been ordered from FY 67 funding 27 memberS of the Railway Police have graduated from a special class on communications given by the TNPD Signal Division

12

The TNPD Education Division has received specialized instruction on communication subjects and has been provided radio equipment of the same type utilized by operational elements of the TNPD

24 VHF-FM mobile and six base station radios were ordered in FY 67 to completely up-date the CID system Antennas towers and other accessories will also be provided and installed

A telecommunicaticn network for the TNPD Air Wing has been designed and suitable equipment ordered for them to enable pointshyto-point radio communication between their various air fields and also between ground stations and aircraft in flight

0 Education Bureau

In order to meet the increased demand for both Provincial Police and Border Patrcl Police agreed to in the FY 65 ProAg the capacity of the four Provincial Police recruit schools was raised from 1440 men graduating in two classes a year to 4 800 in 2-12 classes a year At the close of FY 66 activity targets for the Education Bureau for the following year increased with a requireshyment for an additional 1 550 constable recruits to be trained by the end of June 1967 By increasing the company strengths from 90 to 120 men and adding four additional recruit ccmpanies this goal was met

As a result of TNPD force expansion to meet the increasing insurgency it was agreed in the FY 67 ProAg to train an additional force of 11 550 men by the end of December 1968 This is being accomplished expanding all companies in all schools to 180 men each This will produce a total of 4860 men graduating in 2-12 classes per year or an znnual average of 12 150 men

An analysis of the Metropolitan Recruit Training Program was made and an up-graded curriculum will be introduced in FY 68 which will improve the training

13

P Aviation Division

Since the concept of the centralized TNPD Aviation was agreed to in June of 1966 considerable progress has been made The maintenance advisory contract (first signed in 1962) has been expanded to include the support of all TNPD aircraft and is being renegotiated to include such services as on-call maintehance personnel and to stipulate the objective of building an in-house capability of the TNPD to perform aircraft maintenance From FY 66 funds six utility and 16 LOH type helicopters have been contracted for and will be delivered during FY 68 Thirty TNPD officers were sent to the US in FY 67 for helicopter training and 26 of them are expected to report for flying duty with the Aviation Division by December 1967

Additionally a USOMTNPD plan for the expansion of the Thai Civil Aviation Training Center (CATC) to include helicopter training has been approved in principle and it is anticipated that 24 pilots per year will be made available to the TNPD from this source Plans for the construction of 2 TNPD aircraft hangars at Bangkok and 8 helicopter hangars and 15 crew quarters upcountry are complete 18 15 500 000 from FY 66 and FY 67 counterpart funds was approve d for this purpose and contracts have been awarded In FY 67 the TNPD screened some 300 constables for US -sponsored helicopter mechanic training in Taiwan 45 were selected and sent The TNPD is planning to dispose of obsolete and undesirable aircraft which have not been utilized effectively and which have been an undue maintenance burden This action will bring about a considerable alleviation in the overall problems of supporting and maintaining 12 different types of aircraft Agreement to and implementation of a number of changes in operating and maintenance procedures has resulted in an improved safer air support program The concept of a centralized Aviation Division has been accepted in a manner which portends full cooperation in attaining the desired increased air support for all TNPD elements

The TNPD budgeted and purchased its first large STOL aircraft a Canadian built DeHaviland Caribou in FY 66 for delivery in FY 67 a second airplane was purchased in FY 67 for delivery in

14

FY 68 These two Caribous costing $ 18 000 000 each are outstanding hcst country self-help contributions to the air support capability of the Aviation Division It is anticipated that all TNPD large transportSTOL requirements will be met by these aircraft

Q Quartermaster Division

Embodied in this sub-project are the following TNPD divisions which were listed as separate sub-projects in the FY 67 ProAg Quartermaster Management Armament Vehicle Maintenance

(a) Quartermaster

Four building projects were initiated with completion due prior to December 31 1967

1 Test Range Improvements and Soundprcofing shycounterpart funds and US Government excess property

2 Guard Facilities and Offices - baht counterpart

3 Food Canteen - TNPD budget

4 Supply and storage facility near Automotive Rebuild shybaht ccunterpart

The QM area has been paved with asphalt - TNPD budget

Q1Li developed a program to store material salvaged from incoming boxes This is used to make crates andcr boxes for outgoing articles as necessary

(b) rmament

Reloading equipment for caliber 38 ammunition arrived in-country was set up and production began in May 1967

Gunsmiths have been trained for mobile repair teams These teams to be based at the TNPD Quartermaster Depot in Bangkok

15

will travel tc and from work at Regional Headquarters Changwad and Amphur stations to lessen the down time involved with

weapons which have heretofore necessarily been sent to Bangkok for repair Twenty men have been partially trained Approxishy

mately 4 000 Mossberg bolt action shotguns were modified and

repaired by the mobile gunsmithing teams during the year

Individual on-the-job training for gunsmiths in the machine shop

has been on an as-needed basis and has resulted in increased

efficiency in both fields The machine shop has become proficient

in weapons parts making

TNPD regulations concerning weapons repair have been revised

allowing more flexibility and relaxing previous stern measures

which hampered training and in effect restricted use of weapons

Obsolete weapons have been almost entirely turned in and replaced

by modern arms mostly USOM provided

(c) Vehicle Maintenance

As of November 1967 11 field garages have been built by joint

ThaiUSOM funding The BPP have four garages completed and

three under construction USOM funded the tocling and American

made vehicle parts fcr all of the field garages and the QM Nine

shops have been staffed and have had training in the use of their

tools and equipment A new parts warehouse is now under

construction at the QM counterpart funded Eighty-five mechanics

have had various levels of training

R Petroleum Suppcrt

The Petroleum program was apprcved in September 1966 US dollar funding was $500 000 in FY 66 and $735 000 in FY 67 The TNPD contributed counterpart funds amounting to $ 2 000 000 in FY 66 and $ 400 000 in FY 67 for transportation and distribution

of the petroleum

16

Tickets and control measures were developed and approved in April 1967 Petroleum started flowing in May 1967 As of November 1967 all divisions of the TNPD are receiving petroleum and books to draw fuel have been distributed to all regions of the Kingdom

As a result of this program TNPD patrol activity has increased and has resulted in around-the-clock law enforcement All units receiving petroleum such as Marine Pclice Aviation Division Highway Patrol Provincial Police and Border Patrol Police have recorded increase -in arrests resulting in their being a greater deterrent to insurgency and crime in all are-as

By the prcvisicn of increased petroleum allowances permitting operation of generators and battery chargers it is now possible for police field units to use their radios to meet increased reporting schedules thus providing better protection for the villagers

The Marine Police as a direct result of the petrcleum support program combined with receipt of new high-speed patrol craft have initiated Z4-hour-a-day patrol on the river and smashed a smugglers ring Also provision of petroleum has freed their POL budget to a1cw them to pay up back per diem accounts and POL bills

Remote Area Security

The RAS project is targeted to assist the BPP in fulfilling one of their assigned border security responsibilities - the creation of a friendly cooperating local population firmly commited to Thailand and willing to support the RTGBPP in identifying locating and eliminating communist subversives in the border regions

The RAS program brings the BPP into otherwise isolated villages tc invoke and provide positive improvements in the villagers living conditions as well as an expanded prospect for the future The objective of the RAS program is to involve the villager in his own development so that the projects their explanation and the peopleBPP relaticns will supply the villager with a reason and

17

desire to risk his life and property for a government which for him has previously been nonexistant negative or at least politically socially and geographically distant

In FY 67 six 15-man complements of BPP were trained by the US Seabees in village level self-help projects designed for the greatest political import - by responding to the felt needs of the villager These 15-man teams form the nucleus of 35-man TC development platoons one for each police area to be used in response to villager aspirations In the process of this on-the-job training the BPPSeabee teams accomplished the following in remote border villages

9 Schools were constructed 35 Bridges were constructed 65 Culverts-were implaced 57 Wells were dug and cased

107 Water seal privies were installed 17 Storage dams were constructed

7 STOL stripe were constructed 7 New BPP Platoon Hqs barracks were constructed

272 Kilometers of road were pioneered 45 304 Villagers were treated by medics

2 600 Villagers participated directly with projects 40 000 Villagers were directly affectedby projects

The third cycle of US Seabees are presently training three more BPP counterpart teams -

Nine US technicians were approved in FY 67 and seven are now in country The US technicians have hired and are training 25 Thai specialists in the fields of education agriculture animal husbandry vet medicine and sanitation These Thai specialists young educated locals are providing the extension of the US technical advisor to more areas of the border and they provide the bridge between the US technicians and the BPP who work at the village level Thai specialists will be increased to 35 in FY 68

18

The medical program of the RAS cost $400 000 in FY 67 The various cutlets of the BPP treated 50 000 patients per month around the borders of Thailand Fifty paramedics were trained as squad-level medics in basic medicinefirst aid techniques Another 250 remain to be trained which will bring to 454 or one for each squad the total number of BPP squad medics The medical program lost impetus when Embassy technicians were diverted and three US medical technicians will be contracted in FY 68 to properly supervise and monitor the civic action medical program

The BPP educational program staffs and operates 212 remote border schools All 384 school teachers had been re-trained on an annual basis but a transfer of personnel in early FY 68 depleted almost 40 percent of the trained teacher strength Retraining programs are underway to fill this gap and efforts are being made to transfer up to 25 schools each year to the Thai government ministry for support and staffing

The FY 68 target is to have each line platcon actively involved in population-commitment self-help projects at the village level The RAS personnel and support both US and Thai will be directed at assisting the platoons in developing the local populations within the platoon sphere of responsibility In FY 67 some of the most detailed intelligence gained by the BPP and which resulted in operations against communist elements were a direct result of RAS activities

Village Radio

-1 A total of 1 349 radios have been installed Regions 3 4 6 and 9 are 100 completed Region 5 has 50 of its radios installed and should be 100 completed by the end of December 1967 which will conclude all of Phase One Progress of installation of the radios has been delayed due to lack of helicopter support to enable the installation teams to reach inaccessible remote locations

2 PICCs have been prepared and submitted for 1 125 radios

plus supporting items for the implementation of Phase Two

19

of this project IBM data sheets have been prepared which give current status of all radio installation to include map coordinates operating frequencies and serial number of each radio

3 A central warehouse and repair shop has been established at the Signal Division compound in Bangkok under the auspices of the TNPD Thai technicians are being trained at these facilities to repair and operate the radios and other equipment To date formal and on-the-job training has been given to 12- installationteams of three men each and 15 radio repair technicians who work in the Bangkck and regional repair shops

4 DOLA has with their own budget provided eight technicians to work with the USOM and police installation teams

FIELD OPERA TIONS

Accelerated Rural Development

During FY 67 utilizing the USRTG resources provided in the FY 64 65 and 66 Project Agreements the ARD Project (a) Constructed about 280 kilometers of all-weather road and conducted follow-up on-the-job training for 1 543 construction workers in eleven changwats (b) initiated special agricultural activities in nine of the eleven changwats (c) Ccmpleted conshystruction of overhaul shops and engineering offices in three changwats (d) Provided engineering -and equipment overhaul services at the NEARDC for the ARD changwats (e) Staffed Thai changwat planning officer positions in all 14 changwats (f) Developed changwat development goals for the fourteen changwats - including preliminary mapped five-year roadshynedwork goals And (g) developed the yearly detailed men money and materials requirements to continue the project in 14 changwats and to initiate the project in four additional changwats

Of less tangible but perhaps far greater counterinsurgency value the planning and execution of ARD projects in the changwats have

20

become more nearly local government institutions designed to meet local needs The overall geographic priorities are still of necessity being set in Bangkok however the selection of specific activities and the locations within the changwats where these will be executed are tc a greater degree than ever before local options While accepting Bangkok leadership the Governors express their views on the impact of Bangkok ideas on chanswat activities with candor and vigor Recognizing the mid- and lowershylevel managerial weaknesses in the A-RD projects the Governors in fact recently seized the initiative to press the ARD Office for the establishment of an in-country training program in management principles and practices for changwat personnel

We anticipate a significant increase in productivity in FY 68 as a consequence of (a) The first quarter FY 68 receipt of the US equipment pledged in the FY 66 PrcAg - this receipt will almost double the total amount of equipment that was available during FY 67 (b) The skills maturation of the construction crews And (c) the managerial training and experience being provided ARD personnel in training sessions and on the job

Mobile Development Units

During the past year three new MDUs became operational making a total of 19 in Northern Northeastern Northwestern and Southern Thailand MDUs in 1968 will continue to increase at least at the present rate of three per year The National Security Commands (in Ministry of Defense) budget in support of MDUs is expected to double in FY 68 This increase in budget will be for both (1) new MDUs -and (2) increased inputs for established MDUs in the most critically insurgent areas

MDUs 3Nakhon Phanom 15Si Sa Ket and 4Nara Thiwas have expanded their working and learning youth program This program is designed to train village youth between the ages 15-25 in such skills as Carpentry barbering rubber tapping auto mechanics and agricultural practices By training village youth the National Security Command hopes both tc fill manpower gaps and also to deny the insurgents new recruits New-projects are under way in Uttaradit Surin and Pattani

21

Many MDUs are also now engaged in youthadult literacy classes

In November 28 operators and mechanics finished training at the Northeast Technical Institute in Korat and are now deployed in the field This training is a good example of coordination between MDU and ARD Coordination with ARD in establishment of provincial all-weather road networks is also improving in the ARD provinces Construction Company completed the first project road in Changwat Ubon Two platoon elements were deployed to Buri Ram and Si Sa Ket (Cambodian border) respectively to begin second projects while the third remained in Ubon to extend the first road

MDU development activities include roads irrigation health education agriculture livestock fisheries and vocational training In addition the MDUs operate only in areas where traditionally RTG influenceservices have been virtually non-existent

50 KW

The -50 KW transmitter located in Sakon Nakhcn Province is nowshybroadcasting 12 hours per day Station 909 as it is known in the Northeast reaches a vast audience in the most critically insurgent region of Thailand

Station 909 has been able to counter the propaganda of both Radio Hanoi and Voice of the People of Thailahd broadcasting from somewhere in Laos Already several communists have defected to local authorities saying that 9091s influence had really convinced them to give themselves up

All US Army trainerstechnicians have been phased out from the site One contract technician still remains and is working closely with the National Security Command personnel Four USIS field reporterprogramming advisors are also working closely with NSC counterparts throughout the Northeast

USG M hopes to be able to transfer complete ownership to the

Royal Thai Government in the near future

22

Amphur Farmer Groups

Fourteen Amphur Farmer Groups consisting of 17 500 members from 450 village rice and agricultural clubs have been formed in six Northeastern ARD changwats Boards of Directors have been elected and a manager and staff employed The AFG managers and bookkeepers have received training in a special three-week session at Kasetsart University In additicn the AFG managers two local farm leaders per amphur and the amphur rice and agriculture officers have received two weeks participant training in Taiwan

To date ten 400-ton AFG warehouses for the storage of paddy and fertilizer have been completed and two others are 80 completed These same amphurs have also completed construction of combinashytion offices and equipment storage buildings Plans have been completed in Amphurs Chiang Khan and Dan Sai for specialized warehouses for cotton and peanuts

The majority of USOM-supplied equipment for this program from FY 66 procurement has been in country within the past 90 days and plans are being formulated for its use during the next cropping season This equipment includes farm tractors with attachments hand sprayers pickup trucks scales typewriters and duplicating machines

A production credit program for paddy was instituted in 12 of the 14 amphurs with five commercial banks furnishing credit in kind for fertilizer and pesticides The banks were assisted in this program by approximately 500 amphur officials village CD workers and selected school teachers who were trained to explain the program to farmers and assist with loan applications From 11 868 loan applicants 9 567 loans were approved and 8445 farmers actually elected to receive credit To date S 2 500 000 has been extended as credit under this program for the current crop year

A natural disaster guarantee fund has been established with USOM support to indemnify the participating banks in case of non-payment of loans because of flood drought and insect epidemics

23

In Changwat Loei credit for pesticides and sprayers amounting to $ 3 500 000 was furnished to 3 000 cotton farmers through the AFG by three private cotton companies

Future plans call for establishment of 14 new AFG in FY 68 in the ARD areas increasing membership in existing AFG establishment of a marketing credit program and intensified extension training for the AFG members

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Extension

Since the new Department of Extension is not yet in operation agricultural extension programs in Thailand are still being carried out through the Extension Divisions of the various departments of the Ministry of Agriculture The organization of the Department of Extension has been approved by the Ministry along with its functionsand responsibilities but has not yet been given official Cabinet approval Cnce Cabinet approval has been given and personnel problems are resolved the Department of Extension will carry on the present extension programs of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture initiating new programs as well Operation of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office at the Northeast Agricultural Center at Tha Phra will also be an active part of the program

At present staffing of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office has not been completed and only an Acting Regional Extension Director is stationed there Consequently training programs for

extension workers farm leaders and farmers that were originally scheduled to be done at Tha Phra have been carried out by the Extension Divisions of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture

In the sensitive changwats of Northeast Thailand so far in 1967 the Department of Agriculture has conducted four five-day Amphur Officer training meetingz with 237 officers receiving the training Department policies new programs crops and techniques were included in the training program Five four-day training

24

meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

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Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

27

Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

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The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

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Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

5

of the Ministry of National Development With USOM technical assistance three in-service training classes in Highway Patrol methods and procedures were held

Training in anti-sabotage began in May 1967 Three courses have been presented to date With the increase of insurgency in the country this training is a necessity for the protection against sabotage of highways and the bridges over which the vital military supplies flow every day

Thirty patrol vehicles were added to the fleet in FY 67 twenty from project funds and ten from the Highway Department budget

F Railroad Police

This unit is one of the most counterinsurgency-conscious units in the Police Department Through its own initiative the Railway Police has acquired four (4) Wickham Trolleys (rail cons) to use in the areas where the insurgency and sabotage is a threat

Training has been given by the Railway Division on the operation of the vehicles Further training in the weapons to be used with the cars will be-given in the next few months Twenty-eight men are in training at present in preparation for the installation and operashytion of Railway Police communications system

Authority has been granted for an increase of 75 men for the new investigation and intelligence unit

A new railway link was opened in September 1967 which runs from Con Kai to Bua Yai

In-service training began October 1 1967 It will continue until all Railroad Police are trained

Support of this unit commenced in June 1966 Since that time a review has been made of the Divisions responsibilities organizashytion operational procedures and basic transportation communishycations weaponry training and personnel needs In FY 66

6

$20 900 in weapons was provided In FY 67 $244 768 was utilized to supply additional weapons and basic transportation riot control and training equipment Basic communication equipment was also provided the amounts are noted in the section of Communications In addition $1 000 and 15 20 000 was provided for supplies necessary to give a special instructorshytraining class in counter-sabotage The training was given to fifteen selected police officers by the US Army Special Forces

G Special Branch

Special Branch has proved particularly effective during the past year in mounting operations to penetrate and negate the efforts of the Communist Party of Thailand and its insurgent appendages Division VII which is responsible for up-country operations has added six offices bringing the total to 41 offices and 345 officers serving up-country Special Branch contributes manpower to the four Joint Security Centers and provides timely information for day-to-day operations producing about 600 reports per month Special Branch officers also accompany the combined RTG forces on sweep operations furnishing trained interrogators who have a detailed knowledge of insurgent organization

Equipment being acquired under FY 67 will be used for equipping the new central registry office

H Immigration Division

In FY 67 improvements have continued to be made at the major air terminal The Immigration Division continues to expand to meet the growing needs for alien control in Thailand Participant training provided has resulted in requests for innovations to improve the Divisions efficiency Advisory services have been directed torrecommending measures for the Immigration Division to maintain both its prompt service and a quick and systematic response to security needs while handling an increased workload

I Crime -Suppression Division

Construction of the CSD Communications Center Base Station with counterpart funds was completed in November 1967 USOM funding provided twenty-eight 30-W VHF-FM mobile radios 10 FM-1 and 10 FM-5 radios In addition all of the units existing communications equipment has been overhauled and a 90-foot tower with high gain antenna was installed for use with the units Bangkok base station

7

J Crime Records Office

An effective Fingerprint and Identification Section with the necessary equipment (auxiliary files) he s been established in the Criminal Records Office Regional Record Unit Offices also have been established In addition three Provincial Record Offices have been constructed staffed and equipped while another twenty units are currently under construction Expansion of office facilities at CRC Headquarters has been completed They were equipped with US purchased fingerprint classification and latent fingerprint supplies with required locally available equipment and supplies furnished from FY 67 baht counterpart funds A feasibility study concerned with contemporary methods of receiving storing retrieving and displaying criminal records has been completed and the use of electronic data processing has been determined to be an effective means of improving the overall CR0 operations

K Police Administration Committee to Receive Foreign Assistance

The Police Administrative Committee to Receive Foreign Assistance is a duly constituted element of the TNPD established by the Director-General of Police as his direct liaison with USCM Public Safety to insure the overall coordination cooperation planning and evaluation of USOM Public Safety activities with the TNPD The existence of this Committee contributes to a very large extent to the success of USOMs activities with the TNPD as it facilitates joint planning and assists in assurance of proper utilization of USOM-provided training and commodities

-The Police Administrative Committee has been formed staffed meetings held and specific areas of study determined Subshycommittees have been appointed covering project implementation counterpart funds and participant training Personnel have been assigned to each sub-project in order that TA s and their countershyparts may have direct contact with a member of the Committee Weekly meetings of the Committees staff and USOMs staff have been held Lastly sub-committees have been designated to study monitor and recommend improved methods of operation and administration of specific TNPD elements and functions

)

8

L Inspector General

During FY 67 $20 000 was provided for vehicles office and photographic equipment while a total of $ 27 000 was provided from counterpart funds for supplies and materials

Recommendations to reorganize and increase the capability of the Inspector Generals Office have been completed end approved by the Director General Added authorized personnel have since been assigned to this office resulting in an improved inspection capability

A Joint TNPDUSOM inspection has been made of the Provincial Police which resulted in jointly agreed recommendations for changes in the USOM sub-project to support this Division In addition to improved police housing station reconstruction and renovation the inspection also reinforced a recognized need for POL reaction forces and lower level police presence

During FY 1967 the Inspector Generals Office performed evaluations of conditions in all areas of the Kingdom with growing emphasis upon security-sensitive areas Four inspections were conducted personally by the IG in Northeast Provinces and one in the South

M Management Information Systems

This -sub-project encompasses the development of an improved management information system required for effective utilization of police resources funds material manpower and intelligence necessary to combat subversion insurgency and criminality iri the security-sensitive areas of Thailand Embodied in this subshyproject are the following TNPD divisions which were listed as separate sub-projects in the FY 67 ProAg

Secretariat Finance Division Research and Planning Central Data Processing

9

A proposal based upon studies of the Secretariats Office Finance

Division Planning and Research Division and Crime Records Office was prepared in November 1966 for the development of a

TNPD Management Information System An interim payroll system

was designedand implemented in April 1967 utilizing automatic data processing (ADP) equipment

Offices and housing space for ADP equipment were provided for in a

building constructed by TNPD national budget in April 1967

Furnishings and equipment were funded by FY 67 baht counterpart

Basic ADP key-punch and verifying equipment was ordered and

installed in FY 67 and basic programming training was given

locally to five TNPD personnel

A new Incident Report Form was designed and tested

N Signal Division

The policy of channeling all telecommunication support for all

divisions of the TNPD through the Signal Division has been firmly established

Seven Thai police officers have received participant telecommunishy

cation training in the United States and are now working in key

positions within the TNPD Signal Division

225 new members of the TNPD Signal Division have been recruited

and are undergoing training

A telecommunication technician and operators school has been

established and equipped Two classes of 32 each have graduated and a third is in progress

Sufficient test equipment tools and spare parts are now on hand to

initially stock and equip the Bangkok facilities and the regional

repair shops

The services of three US direct hire and two US personal

service contract advisors were provided In addition USOM is

10

providing one direct hire and two contract Thai technicians who are paid from counterpart trust funds There are also 50 Thai technishycians and 12 Thai engineers who are paid from counterpart funds assisting with the project

The transmitter receiver and message center buildings which will house the personnel and equipment for the headquarters base station of the country-wide network in Bangkok were completed in tugust of 1967 It will take approximately 45 days to install the telecommunication equipment which is already in-country

210 of the first phase Police Tambol Stations have been radio equipped As additional stations are constructed radio equipment is being installed Phase two (FY 67) consists of 125 new stations and the radios have been ordered

Regional repair shops are completed and operaticnal in Regions 4 6 and 9 and are nearing completion in all other regions

A modern central depot warehouse has been constructed in Bangkok

A modern depot repair shop has been established in Bangkok The existing facility is in a temporary location however a modern two- story building is under construction

Construction is completed on the Bangkok mobile repair shop tdequate test equipment tools and spare parts are on hand to service the VHF-FM mobile and base station radios presently being utilized by various TNPD agencies

The first 23 Special Action Force units have been radio equipped and sufficient equipment is on order to take care of planned expansion of the SAF

40 FM-5 radios have been issued the provincial police 23 single side band radios 701 FM-5 radios 300 FM-l radios and 12 HT-2 ground-to-air radios were ordered from FY 1966 funding This equipment started to arrive in August 1967 and is being processed for issue An additional 50 single side band radios 716 FM-5 400 FM-l and 50 ground-to-air radios were ordered in FY 1967

11

Equipment has been ordered to up-dte the Marine Police network both ship and shore stations This equipment has started to arrive and the Marine Police Telecom Section is installing it on boats and at shore installations

The Bangkok Metropolitan Police have received 56 base stations and 69 mobile stations which have been installed and are operational 63 FM-5 and 60 FM-i radios are on orderfcr them and delivery should commence in October of 1967 20 mobile stations 180 FM-5 and 90 FM-i radios were ordered for them with FY 1967 funds This equipment will expand the existing system down to the Kiosk level

The following equipment was provided the Crime Suppression Division from FY 1966 funding 1 VHF-FM 120-watt base station and 6 FM-i radice 1967 funding provided 28 30-watt VHF-FM mobile radios 10 FM-i radios and 10 FM-5 radios In addition all of their existing equipment has been overhauled and a 90-foot tower with a high gain antenna installed for use with their Bangkok base station

The Highway Patrol has received 66 VHF-FM mobile radios and 22 VHF-FM base stations These radios are deployed at fixed points and in patrol vehicles along the major highways and in Bangkok In order to further extend their systems coverage 20 more mobile and 11 base stations will be provided with FY 67 funds A continuing maintenance program has been established for their overall system and antenna towers with high-gain antennas erected in many critical areas

Seven HF single side band radios have arrived in country for the Railway Police 50 FM-5 and 100 FM-1 radios were also ordered with FY 66 funding for them Six additional single side band radios 146 FM-5 and 252 FM-i radios have been ordered from FY 67 funding 27 memberS of the Railway Police have graduated from a special class on communications given by the TNPD Signal Division

12

The TNPD Education Division has received specialized instruction on communication subjects and has been provided radio equipment of the same type utilized by operational elements of the TNPD

24 VHF-FM mobile and six base station radios were ordered in FY 67 to completely up-date the CID system Antennas towers and other accessories will also be provided and installed

A telecommunicaticn network for the TNPD Air Wing has been designed and suitable equipment ordered for them to enable pointshyto-point radio communication between their various air fields and also between ground stations and aircraft in flight

0 Education Bureau

In order to meet the increased demand for both Provincial Police and Border Patrcl Police agreed to in the FY 65 ProAg the capacity of the four Provincial Police recruit schools was raised from 1440 men graduating in two classes a year to 4 800 in 2-12 classes a year At the close of FY 66 activity targets for the Education Bureau for the following year increased with a requireshyment for an additional 1 550 constable recruits to be trained by the end of June 1967 By increasing the company strengths from 90 to 120 men and adding four additional recruit ccmpanies this goal was met

As a result of TNPD force expansion to meet the increasing insurgency it was agreed in the FY 67 ProAg to train an additional force of 11 550 men by the end of December 1968 This is being accomplished expanding all companies in all schools to 180 men each This will produce a total of 4860 men graduating in 2-12 classes per year or an znnual average of 12 150 men

An analysis of the Metropolitan Recruit Training Program was made and an up-graded curriculum will be introduced in FY 68 which will improve the training

13

P Aviation Division

Since the concept of the centralized TNPD Aviation was agreed to in June of 1966 considerable progress has been made The maintenance advisory contract (first signed in 1962) has been expanded to include the support of all TNPD aircraft and is being renegotiated to include such services as on-call maintehance personnel and to stipulate the objective of building an in-house capability of the TNPD to perform aircraft maintenance From FY 66 funds six utility and 16 LOH type helicopters have been contracted for and will be delivered during FY 68 Thirty TNPD officers were sent to the US in FY 67 for helicopter training and 26 of them are expected to report for flying duty with the Aviation Division by December 1967

Additionally a USOMTNPD plan for the expansion of the Thai Civil Aviation Training Center (CATC) to include helicopter training has been approved in principle and it is anticipated that 24 pilots per year will be made available to the TNPD from this source Plans for the construction of 2 TNPD aircraft hangars at Bangkok and 8 helicopter hangars and 15 crew quarters upcountry are complete 18 15 500 000 from FY 66 and FY 67 counterpart funds was approve d for this purpose and contracts have been awarded In FY 67 the TNPD screened some 300 constables for US -sponsored helicopter mechanic training in Taiwan 45 were selected and sent The TNPD is planning to dispose of obsolete and undesirable aircraft which have not been utilized effectively and which have been an undue maintenance burden This action will bring about a considerable alleviation in the overall problems of supporting and maintaining 12 different types of aircraft Agreement to and implementation of a number of changes in operating and maintenance procedures has resulted in an improved safer air support program The concept of a centralized Aviation Division has been accepted in a manner which portends full cooperation in attaining the desired increased air support for all TNPD elements

The TNPD budgeted and purchased its first large STOL aircraft a Canadian built DeHaviland Caribou in FY 66 for delivery in FY 67 a second airplane was purchased in FY 67 for delivery in

14

FY 68 These two Caribous costing $ 18 000 000 each are outstanding hcst country self-help contributions to the air support capability of the Aviation Division It is anticipated that all TNPD large transportSTOL requirements will be met by these aircraft

Q Quartermaster Division

Embodied in this sub-project are the following TNPD divisions which were listed as separate sub-projects in the FY 67 ProAg Quartermaster Management Armament Vehicle Maintenance

(a) Quartermaster

Four building projects were initiated with completion due prior to December 31 1967

1 Test Range Improvements and Soundprcofing shycounterpart funds and US Government excess property

2 Guard Facilities and Offices - baht counterpart

3 Food Canteen - TNPD budget

4 Supply and storage facility near Automotive Rebuild shybaht ccunterpart

The QM area has been paved with asphalt - TNPD budget

Q1Li developed a program to store material salvaged from incoming boxes This is used to make crates andcr boxes for outgoing articles as necessary

(b) rmament

Reloading equipment for caliber 38 ammunition arrived in-country was set up and production began in May 1967

Gunsmiths have been trained for mobile repair teams These teams to be based at the TNPD Quartermaster Depot in Bangkok

15

will travel tc and from work at Regional Headquarters Changwad and Amphur stations to lessen the down time involved with

weapons which have heretofore necessarily been sent to Bangkok for repair Twenty men have been partially trained Approxishy

mately 4 000 Mossberg bolt action shotguns were modified and

repaired by the mobile gunsmithing teams during the year

Individual on-the-job training for gunsmiths in the machine shop

has been on an as-needed basis and has resulted in increased

efficiency in both fields The machine shop has become proficient

in weapons parts making

TNPD regulations concerning weapons repair have been revised

allowing more flexibility and relaxing previous stern measures

which hampered training and in effect restricted use of weapons

Obsolete weapons have been almost entirely turned in and replaced

by modern arms mostly USOM provided

(c) Vehicle Maintenance

As of November 1967 11 field garages have been built by joint

ThaiUSOM funding The BPP have four garages completed and

three under construction USOM funded the tocling and American

made vehicle parts fcr all of the field garages and the QM Nine

shops have been staffed and have had training in the use of their

tools and equipment A new parts warehouse is now under

construction at the QM counterpart funded Eighty-five mechanics

have had various levels of training

R Petroleum Suppcrt

The Petroleum program was apprcved in September 1966 US dollar funding was $500 000 in FY 66 and $735 000 in FY 67 The TNPD contributed counterpart funds amounting to $ 2 000 000 in FY 66 and $ 400 000 in FY 67 for transportation and distribution

of the petroleum

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Tickets and control measures were developed and approved in April 1967 Petroleum started flowing in May 1967 As of November 1967 all divisions of the TNPD are receiving petroleum and books to draw fuel have been distributed to all regions of the Kingdom

As a result of this program TNPD patrol activity has increased and has resulted in around-the-clock law enforcement All units receiving petroleum such as Marine Pclice Aviation Division Highway Patrol Provincial Police and Border Patrol Police have recorded increase -in arrests resulting in their being a greater deterrent to insurgency and crime in all are-as

By the prcvisicn of increased petroleum allowances permitting operation of generators and battery chargers it is now possible for police field units to use their radios to meet increased reporting schedules thus providing better protection for the villagers

The Marine Police as a direct result of the petrcleum support program combined with receipt of new high-speed patrol craft have initiated Z4-hour-a-day patrol on the river and smashed a smugglers ring Also provision of petroleum has freed their POL budget to a1cw them to pay up back per diem accounts and POL bills

Remote Area Security

The RAS project is targeted to assist the BPP in fulfilling one of their assigned border security responsibilities - the creation of a friendly cooperating local population firmly commited to Thailand and willing to support the RTGBPP in identifying locating and eliminating communist subversives in the border regions

The RAS program brings the BPP into otherwise isolated villages tc invoke and provide positive improvements in the villagers living conditions as well as an expanded prospect for the future The objective of the RAS program is to involve the villager in his own development so that the projects their explanation and the peopleBPP relaticns will supply the villager with a reason and

17

desire to risk his life and property for a government which for him has previously been nonexistant negative or at least politically socially and geographically distant

In FY 67 six 15-man complements of BPP were trained by the US Seabees in village level self-help projects designed for the greatest political import - by responding to the felt needs of the villager These 15-man teams form the nucleus of 35-man TC development platoons one for each police area to be used in response to villager aspirations In the process of this on-the-job training the BPPSeabee teams accomplished the following in remote border villages

9 Schools were constructed 35 Bridges were constructed 65 Culverts-were implaced 57 Wells were dug and cased

107 Water seal privies were installed 17 Storage dams were constructed

7 STOL stripe were constructed 7 New BPP Platoon Hqs barracks were constructed

272 Kilometers of road were pioneered 45 304 Villagers were treated by medics

2 600 Villagers participated directly with projects 40 000 Villagers were directly affectedby projects

The third cycle of US Seabees are presently training three more BPP counterpart teams -

Nine US technicians were approved in FY 67 and seven are now in country The US technicians have hired and are training 25 Thai specialists in the fields of education agriculture animal husbandry vet medicine and sanitation These Thai specialists young educated locals are providing the extension of the US technical advisor to more areas of the border and they provide the bridge between the US technicians and the BPP who work at the village level Thai specialists will be increased to 35 in FY 68

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The medical program of the RAS cost $400 000 in FY 67 The various cutlets of the BPP treated 50 000 patients per month around the borders of Thailand Fifty paramedics were trained as squad-level medics in basic medicinefirst aid techniques Another 250 remain to be trained which will bring to 454 or one for each squad the total number of BPP squad medics The medical program lost impetus when Embassy technicians were diverted and three US medical technicians will be contracted in FY 68 to properly supervise and monitor the civic action medical program

The BPP educational program staffs and operates 212 remote border schools All 384 school teachers had been re-trained on an annual basis but a transfer of personnel in early FY 68 depleted almost 40 percent of the trained teacher strength Retraining programs are underway to fill this gap and efforts are being made to transfer up to 25 schools each year to the Thai government ministry for support and staffing

The FY 68 target is to have each line platcon actively involved in population-commitment self-help projects at the village level The RAS personnel and support both US and Thai will be directed at assisting the platoons in developing the local populations within the platoon sphere of responsibility In FY 67 some of the most detailed intelligence gained by the BPP and which resulted in operations against communist elements were a direct result of RAS activities

Village Radio

-1 A total of 1 349 radios have been installed Regions 3 4 6 and 9 are 100 completed Region 5 has 50 of its radios installed and should be 100 completed by the end of December 1967 which will conclude all of Phase One Progress of installation of the radios has been delayed due to lack of helicopter support to enable the installation teams to reach inaccessible remote locations

2 PICCs have been prepared and submitted for 1 125 radios

plus supporting items for the implementation of Phase Two

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of this project IBM data sheets have been prepared which give current status of all radio installation to include map coordinates operating frequencies and serial number of each radio

3 A central warehouse and repair shop has been established at the Signal Division compound in Bangkok under the auspices of the TNPD Thai technicians are being trained at these facilities to repair and operate the radios and other equipment To date formal and on-the-job training has been given to 12- installationteams of three men each and 15 radio repair technicians who work in the Bangkck and regional repair shops

4 DOLA has with their own budget provided eight technicians to work with the USOM and police installation teams

FIELD OPERA TIONS

Accelerated Rural Development

During FY 67 utilizing the USRTG resources provided in the FY 64 65 and 66 Project Agreements the ARD Project (a) Constructed about 280 kilometers of all-weather road and conducted follow-up on-the-job training for 1 543 construction workers in eleven changwats (b) initiated special agricultural activities in nine of the eleven changwats (c) Ccmpleted conshystruction of overhaul shops and engineering offices in three changwats (d) Provided engineering -and equipment overhaul services at the NEARDC for the ARD changwats (e) Staffed Thai changwat planning officer positions in all 14 changwats (f) Developed changwat development goals for the fourteen changwats - including preliminary mapped five-year roadshynedwork goals And (g) developed the yearly detailed men money and materials requirements to continue the project in 14 changwats and to initiate the project in four additional changwats

Of less tangible but perhaps far greater counterinsurgency value the planning and execution of ARD projects in the changwats have

20

become more nearly local government institutions designed to meet local needs The overall geographic priorities are still of necessity being set in Bangkok however the selection of specific activities and the locations within the changwats where these will be executed are tc a greater degree than ever before local options While accepting Bangkok leadership the Governors express their views on the impact of Bangkok ideas on chanswat activities with candor and vigor Recognizing the mid- and lowershylevel managerial weaknesses in the A-RD projects the Governors in fact recently seized the initiative to press the ARD Office for the establishment of an in-country training program in management principles and practices for changwat personnel

We anticipate a significant increase in productivity in FY 68 as a consequence of (a) The first quarter FY 68 receipt of the US equipment pledged in the FY 66 PrcAg - this receipt will almost double the total amount of equipment that was available during FY 67 (b) The skills maturation of the construction crews And (c) the managerial training and experience being provided ARD personnel in training sessions and on the job

Mobile Development Units

During the past year three new MDUs became operational making a total of 19 in Northern Northeastern Northwestern and Southern Thailand MDUs in 1968 will continue to increase at least at the present rate of three per year The National Security Commands (in Ministry of Defense) budget in support of MDUs is expected to double in FY 68 This increase in budget will be for both (1) new MDUs -and (2) increased inputs for established MDUs in the most critically insurgent areas

MDUs 3Nakhon Phanom 15Si Sa Ket and 4Nara Thiwas have expanded their working and learning youth program This program is designed to train village youth between the ages 15-25 in such skills as Carpentry barbering rubber tapping auto mechanics and agricultural practices By training village youth the National Security Command hopes both tc fill manpower gaps and also to deny the insurgents new recruits New-projects are under way in Uttaradit Surin and Pattani

21

Many MDUs are also now engaged in youthadult literacy classes

In November 28 operators and mechanics finished training at the Northeast Technical Institute in Korat and are now deployed in the field This training is a good example of coordination between MDU and ARD Coordination with ARD in establishment of provincial all-weather road networks is also improving in the ARD provinces Construction Company completed the first project road in Changwat Ubon Two platoon elements were deployed to Buri Ram and Si Sa Ket (Cambodian border) respectively to begin second projects while the third remained in Ubon to extend the first road

MDU development activities include roads irrigation health education agriculture livestock fisheries and vocational training In addition the MDUs operate only in areas where traditionally RTG influenceservices have been virtually non-existent

50 KW

The -50 KW transmitter located in Sakon Nakhcn Province is nowshybroadcasting 12 hours per day Station 909 as it is known in the Northeast reaches a vast audience in the most critically insurgent region of Thailand

Station 909 has been able to counter the propaganda of both Radio Hanoi and Voice of the People of Thailahd broadcasting from somewhere in Laos Already several communists have defected to local authorities saying that 9091s influence had really convinced them to give themselves up

All US Army trainerstechnicians have been phased out from the site One contract technician still remains and is working closely with the National Security Command personnel Four USIS field reporterprogramming advisors are also working closely with NSC counterparts throughout the Northeast

USG M hopes to be able to transfer complete ownership to the

Royal Thai Government in the near future

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Amphur Farmer Groups

Fourteen Amphur Farmer Groups consisting of 17 500 members from 450 village rice and agricultural clubs have been formed in six Northeastern ARD changwats Boards of Directors have been elected and a manager and staff employed The AFG managers and bookkeepers have received training in a special three-week session at Kasetsart University In additicn the AFG managers two local farm leaders per amphur and the amphur rice and agriculture officers have received two weeks participant training in Taiwan

To date ten 400-ton AFG warehouses for the storage of paddy and fertilizer have been completed and two others are 80 completed These same amphurs have also completed construction of combinashytion offices and equipment storage buildings Plans have been completed in Amphurs Chiang Khan and Dan Sai for specialized warehouses for cotton and peanuts

The majority of USOM-supplied equipment for this program from FY 66 procurement has been in country within the past 90 days and plans are being formulated for its use during the next cropping season This equipment includes farm tractors with attachments hand sprayers pickup trucks scales typewriters and duplicating machines

A production credit program for paddy was instituted in 12 of the 14 amphurs with five commercial banks furnishing credit in kind for fertilizer and pesticides The banks were assisted in this program by approximately 500 amphur officials village CD workers and selected school teachers who were trained to explain the program to farmers and assist with loan applications From 11 868 loan applicants 9 567 loans were approved and 8445 farmers actually elected to receive credit To date S 2 500 000 has been extended as credit under this program for the current crop year

A natural disaster guarantee fund has been established with USOM support to indemnify the participating banks in case of non-payment of loans because of flood drought and insect epidemics

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In Changwat Loei credit for pesticides and sprayers amounting to $ 3 500 000 was furnished to 3 000 cotton farmers through the AFG by three private cotton companies

Future plans call for establishment of 14 new AFG in FY 68 in the ARD areas increasing membership in existing AFG establishment of a marketing credit program and intensified extension training for the AFG members

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Extension

Since the new Department of Extension is not yet in operation agricultural extension programs in Thailand are still being carried out through the Extension Divisions of the various departments of the Ministry of Agriculture The organization of the Department of Extension has been approved by the Ministry along with its functionsand responsibilities but has not yet been given official Cabinet approval Cnce Cabinet approval has been given and personnel problems are resolved the Department of Extension will carry on the present extension programs of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture initiating new programs as well Operation of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office at the Northeast Agricultural Center at Tha Phra will also be an active part of the program

At present staffing of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office has not been completed and only an Acting Regional Extension Director is stationed there Consequently training programs for

extension workers farm leaders and farmers that were originally scheduled to be done at Tha Phra have been carried out by the Extension Divisions of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture

In the sensitive changwats of Northeast Thailand so far in 1967 the Department of Agriculture has conducted four five-day Amphur Officer training meetingz with 237 officers receiving the training Department policies new programs crops and techniques were included in the training program Five four-day training

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meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

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Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

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Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

28

The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

33

Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

6

$20 900 in weapons was provided In FY 67 $244 768 was utilized to supply additional weapons and basic transportation riot control and training equipment Basic communication equipment was also provided the amounts are noted in the section of Communications In addition $1 000 and 15 20 000 was provided for supplies necessary to give a special instructorshytraining class in counter-sabotage The training was given to fifteen selected police officers by the US Army Special Forces

G Special Branch

Special Branch has proved particularly effective during the past year in mounting operations to penetrate and negate the efforts of the Communist Party of Thailand and its insurgent appendages Division VII which is responsible for up-country operations has added six offices bringing the total to 41 offices and 345 officers serving up-country Special Branch contributes manpower to the four Joint Security Centers and provides timely information for day-to-day operations producing about 600 reports per month Special Branch officers also accompany the combined RTG forces on sweep operations furnishing trained interrogators who have a detailed knowledge of insurgent organization

Equipment being acquired under FY 67 will be used for equipping the new central registry office

H Immigration Division

In FY 67 improvements have continued to be made at the major air terminal The Immigration Division continues to expand to meet the growing needs for alien control in Thailand Participant training provided has resulted in requests for innovations to improve the Divisions efficiency Advisory services have been directed torrecommending measures for the Immigration Division to maintain both its prompt service and a quick and systematic response to security needs while handling an increased workload

I Crime -Suppression Division

Construction of the CSD Communications Center Base Station with counterpart funds was completed in November 1967 USOM funding provided twenty-eight 30-W VHF-FM mobile radios 10 FM-1 and 10 FM-5 radios In addition all of the units existing communications equipment has been overhauled and a 90-foot tower with high gain antenna was installed for use with the units Bangkok base station

7

J Crime Records Office

An effective Fingerprint and Identification Section with the necessary equipment (auxiliary files) he s been established in the Criminal Records Office Regional Record Unit Offices also have been established In addition three Provincial Record Offices have been constructed staffed and equipped while another twenty units are currently under construction Expansion of office facilities at CRC Headquarters has been completed They were equipped with US purchased fingerprint classification and latent fingerprint supplies with required locally available equipment and supplies furnished from FY 67 baht counterpart funds A feasibility study concerned with contemporary methods of receiving storing retrieving and displaying criminal records has been completed and the use of electronic data processing has been determined to be an effective means of improving the overall CR0 operations

K Police Administration Committee to Receive Foreign Assistance

The Police Administrative Committee to Receive Foreign Assistance is a duly constituted element of the TNPD established by the Director-General of Police as his direct liaison with USCM Public Safety to insure the overall coordination cooperation planning and evaluation of USOM Public Safety activities with the TNPD The existence of this Committee contributes to a very large extent to the success of USOMs activities with the TNPD as it facilitates joint planning and assists in assurance of proper utilization of USOM-provided training and commodities

-The Police Administrative Committee has been formed staffed meetings held and specific areas of study determined Subshycommittees have been appointed covering project implementation counterpart funds and participant training Personnel have been assigned to each sub-project in order that TA s and their countershyparts may have direct contact with a member of the Committee Weekly meetings of the Committees staff and USOMs staff have been held Lastly sub-committees have been designated to study monitor and recommend improved methods of operation and administration of specific TNPD elements and functions

)

8

L Inspector General

During FY 67 $20 000 was provided for vehicles office and photographic equipment while a total of $ 27 000 was provided from counterpart funds for supplies and materials

Recommendations to reorganize and increase the capability of the Inspector Generals Office have been completed end approved by the Director General Added authorized personnel have since been assigned to this office resulting in an improved inspection capability

A Joint TNPDUSOM inspection has been made of the Provincial Police which resulted in jointly agreed recommendations for changes in the USOM sub-project to support this Division In addition to improved police housing station reconstruction and renovation the inspection also reinforced a recognized need for POL reaction forces and lower level police presence

During FY 1967 the Inspector Generals Office performed evaluations of conditions in all areas of the Kingdom with growing emphasis upon security-sensitive areas Four inspections were conducted personally by the IG in Northeast Provinces and one in the South

M Management Information Systems

This -sub-project encompasses the development of an improved management information system required for effective utilization of police resources funds material manpower and intelligence necessary to combat subversion insurgency and criminality iri the security-sensitive areas of Thailand Embodied in this subshyproject are the following TNPD divisions which were listed as separate sub-projects in the FY 67 ProAg

Secretariat Finance Division Research and Planning Central Data Processing

9

A proposal based upon studies of the Secretariats Office Finance

Division Planning and Research Division and Crime Records Office was prepared in November 1966 for the development of a

TNPD Management Information System An interim payroll system

was designedand implemented in April 1967 utilizing automatic data processing (ADP) equipment

Offices and housing space for ADP equipment were provided for in a

building constructed by TNPD national budget in April 1967

Furnishings and equipment were funded by FY 67 baht counterpart

Basic ADP key-punch and verifying equipment was ordered and

installed in FY 67 and basic programming training was given

locally to five TNPD personnel

A new Incident Report Form was designed and tested

N Signal Division

The policy of channeling all telecommunication support for all

divisions of the TNPD through the Signal Division has been firmly established

Seven Thai police officers have received participant telecommunishy

cation training in the United States and are now working in key

positions within the TNPD Signal Division

225 new members of the TNPD Signal Division have been recruited

and are undergoing training

A telecommunication technician and operators school has been

established and equipped Two classes of 32 each have graduated and a third is in progress

Sufficient test equipment tools and spare parts are now on hand to

initially stock and equip the Bangkok facilities and the regional

repair shops

The services of three US direct hire and two US personal

service contract advisors were provided In addition USOM is

10

providing one direct hire and two contract Thai technicians who are paid from counterpart trust funds There are also 50 Thai technishycians and 12 Thai engineers who are paid from counterpart funds assisting with the project

The transmitter receiver and message center buildings which will house the personnel and equipment for the headquarters base station of the country-wide network in Bangkok were completed in tugust of 1967 It will take approximately 45 days to install the telecommunication equipment which is already in-country

210 of the first phase Police Tambol Stations have been radio equipped As additional stations are constructed radio equipment is being installed Phase two (FY 67) consists of 125 new stations and the radios have been ordered

Regional repair shops are completed and operaticnal in Regions 4 6 and 9 and are nearing completion in all other regions

A modern central depot warehouse has been constructed in Bangkok

A modern depot repair shop has been established in Bangkok The existing facility is in a temporary location however a modern two- story building is under construction

Construction is completed on the Bangkok mobile repair shop tdequate test equipment tools and spare parts are on hand to service the VHF-FM mobile and base station radios presently being utilized by various TNPD agencies

The first 23 Special Action Force units have been radio equipped and sufficient equipment is on order to take care of planned expansion of the SAF

40 FM-5 radios have been issued the provincial police 23 single side band radios 701 FM-5 radios 300 FM-l radios and 12 HT-2 ground-to-air radios were ordered from FY 1966 funding This equipment started to arrive in August 1967 and is being processed for issue An additional 50 single side band radios 716 FM-5 400 FM-l and 50 ground-to-air radios were ordered in FY 1967

11

Equipment has been ordered to up-dte the Marine Police network both ship and shore stations This equipment has started to arrive and the Marine Police Telecom Section is installing it on boats and at shore installations

The Bangkok Metropolitan Police have received 56 base stations and 69 mobile stations which have been installed and are operational 63 FM-5 and 60 FM-i radios are on orderfcr them and delivery should commence in October of 1967 20 mobile stations 180 FM-5 and 90 FM-i radios were ordered for them with FY 1967 funds This equipment will expand the existing system down to the Kiosk level

The following equipment was provided the Crime Suppression Division from FY 1966 funding 1 VHF-FM 120-watt base station and 6 FM-i radice 1967 funding provided 28 30-watt VHF-FM mobile radios 10 FM-i radios and 10 FM-5 radios In addition all of their existing equipment has been overhauled and a 90-foot tower with a high gain antenna installed for use with their Bangkok base station

The Highway Patrol has received 66 VHF-FM mobile radios and 22 VHF-FM base stations These radios are deployed at fixed points and in patrol vehicles along the major highways and in Bangkok In order to further extend their systems coverage 20 more mobile and 11 base stations will be provided with FY 67 funds A continuing maintenance program has been established for their overall system and antenna towers with high-gain antennas erected in many critical areas

Seven HF single side band radios have arrived in country for the Railway Police 50 FM-5 and 100 FM-1 radios were also ordered with FY 66 funding for them Six additional single side band radios 146 FM-5 and 252 FM-i radios have been ordered from FY 67 funding 27 memberS of the Railway Police have graduated from a special class on communications given by the TNPD Signal Division

12

The TNPD Education Division has received specialized instruction on communication subjects and has been provided radio equipment of the same type utilized by operational elements of the TNPD

24 VHF-FM mobile and six base station radios were ordered in FY 67 to completely up-date the CID system Antennas towers and other accessories will also be provided and installed

A telecommunicaticn network for the TNPD Air Wing has been designed and suitable equipment ordered for them to enable pointshyto-point radio communication between their various air fields and also between ground stations and aircraft in flight

0 Education Bureau

In order to meet the increased demand for both Provincial Police and Border Patrcl Police agreed to in the FY 65 ProAg the capacity of the four Provincial Police recruit schools was raised from 1440 men graduating in two classes a year to 4 800 in 2-12 classes a year At the close of FY 66 activity targets for the Education Bureau for the following year increased with a requireshyment for an additional 1 550 constable recruits to be trained by the end of June 1967 By increasing the company strengths from 90 to 120 men and adding four additional recruit ccmpanies this goal was met

As a result of TNPD force expansion to meet the increasing insurgency it was agreed in the FY 67 ProAg to train an additional force of 11 550 men by the end of December 1968 This is being accomplished expanding all companies in all schools to 180 men each This will produce a total of 4860 men graduating in 2-12 classes per year or an znnual average of 12 150 men

An analysis of the Metropolitan Recruit Training Program was made and an up-graded curriculum will be introduced in FY 68 which will improve the training

13

P Aviation Division

Since the concept of the centralized TNPD Aviation was agreed to in June of 1966 considerable progress has been made The maintenance advisory contract (first signed in 1962) has been expanded to include the support of all TNPD aircraft and is being renegotiated to include such services as on-call maintehance personnel and to stipulate the objective of building an in-house capability of the TNPD to perform aircraft maintenance From FY 66 funds six utility and 16 LOH type helicopters have been contracted for and will be delivered during FY 68 Thirty TNPD officers were sent to the US in FY 67 for helicopter training and 26 of them are expected to report for flying duty with the Aviation Division by December 1967

Additionally a USOMTNPD plan for the expansion of the Thai Civil Aviation Training Center (CATC) to include helicopter training has been approved in principle and it is anticipated that 24 pilots per year will be made available to the TNPD from this source Plans for the construction of 2 TNPD aircraft hangars at Bangkok and 8 helicopter hangars and 15 crew quarters upcountry are complete 18 15 500 000 from FY 66 and FY 67 counterpart funds was approve d for this purpose and contracts have been awarded In FY 67 the TNPD screened some 300 constables for US -sponsored helicopter mechanic training in Taiwan 45 were selected and sent The TNPD is planning to dispose of obsolete and undesirable aircraft which have not been utilized effectively and which have been an undue maintenance burden This action will bring about a considerable alleviation in the overall problems of supporting and maintaining 12 different types of aircraft Agreement to and implementation of a number of changes in operating and maintenance procedures has resulted in an improved safer air support program The concept of a centralized Aviation Division has been accepted in a manner which portends full cooperation in attaining the desired increased air support for all TNPD elements

The TNPD budgeted and purchased its first large STOL aircraft a Canadian built DeHaviland Caribou in FY 66 for delivery in FY 67 a second airplane was purchased in FY 67 for delivery in

14

FY 68 These two Caribous costing $ 18 000 000 each are outstanding hcst country self-help contributions to the air support capability of the Aviation Division It is anticipated that all TNPD large transportSTOL requirements will be met by these aircraft

Q Quartermaster Division

Embodied in this sub-project are the following TNPD divisions which were listed as separate sub-projects in the FY 67 ProAg Quartermaster Management Armament Vehicle Maintenance

(a) Quartermaster

Four building projects were initiated with completion due prior to December 31 1967

1 Test Range Improvements and Soundprcofing shycounterpart funds and US Government excess property

2 Guard Facilities and Offices - baht counterpart

3 Food Canteen - TNPD budget

4 Supply and storage facility near Automotive Rebuild shybaht ccunterpart

The QM area has been paved with asphalt - TNPD budget

Q1Li developed a program to store material salvaged from incoming boxes This is used to make crates andcr boxes for outgoing articles as necessary

(b) rmament

Reloading equipment for caliber 38 ammunition arrived in-country was set up and production began in May 1967

Gunsmiths have been trained for mobile repair teams These teams to be based at the TNPD Quartermaster Depot in Bangkok

15

will travel tc and from work at Regional Headquarters Changwad and Amphur stations to lessen the down time involved with

weapons which have heretofore necessarily been sent to Bangkok for repair Twenty men have been partially trained Approxishy

mately 4 000 Mossberg bolt action shotguns were modified and

repaired by the mobile gunsmithing teams during the year

Individual on-the-job training for gunsmiths in the machine shop

has been on an as-needed basis and has resulted in increased

efficiency in both fields The machine shop has become proficient

in weapons parts making

TNPD regulations concerning weapons repair have been revised

allowing more flexibility and relaxing previous stern measures

which hampered training and in effect restricted use of weapons

Obsolete weapons have been almost entirely turned in and replaced

by modern arms mostly USOM provided

(c) Vehicle Maintenance

As of November 1967 11 field garages have been built by joint

ThaiUSOM funding The BPP have four garages completed and

three under construction USOM funded the tocling and American

made vehicle parts fcr all of the field garages and the QM Nine

shops have been staffed and have had training in the use of their

tools and equipment A new parts warehouse is now under

construction at the QM counterpart funded Eighty-five mechanics

have had various levels of training

R Petroleum Suppcrt

The Petroleum program was apprcved in September 1966 US dollar funding was $500 000 in FY 66 and $735 000 in FY 67 The TNPD contributed counterpart funds amounting to $ 2 000 000 in FY 66 and $ 400 000 in FY 67 for transportation and distribution

of the petroleum

16

Tickets and control measures were developed and approved in April 1967 Petroleum started flowing in May 1967 As of November 1967 all divisions of the TNPD are receiving petroleum and books to draw fuel have been distributed to all regions of the Kingdom

As a result of this program TNPD patrol activity has increased and has resulted in around-the-clock law enforcement All units receiving petroleum such as Marine Pclice Aviation Division Highway Patrol Provincial Police and Border Patrol Police have recorded increase -in arrests resulting in their being a greater deterrent to insurgency and crime in all are-as

By the prcvisicn of increased petroleum allowances permitting operation of generators and battery chargers it is now possible for police field units to use their radios to meet increased reporting schedules thus providing better protection for the villagers

The Marine Police as a direct result of the petrcleum support program combined with receipt of new high-speed patrol craft have initiated Z4-hour-a-day patrol on the river and smashed a smugglers ring Also provision of petroleum has freed their POL budget to a1cw them to pay up back per diem accounts and POL bills

Remote Area Security

The RAS project is targeted to assist the BPP in fulfilling one of their assigned border security responsibilities - the creation of a friendly cooperating local population firmly commited to Thailand and willing to support the RTGBPP in identifying locating and eliminating communist subversives in the border regions

The RAS program brings the BPP into otherwise isolated villages tc invoke and provide positive improvements in the villagers living conditions as well as an expanded prospect for the future The objective of the RAS program is to involve the villager in his own development so that the projects their explanation and the peopleBPP relaticns will supply the villager with a reason and

17

desire to risk his life and property for a government which for him has previously been nonexistant negative or at least politically socially and geographically distant

In FY 67 six 15-man complements of BPP were trained by the US Seabees in village level self-help projects designed for the greatest political import - by responding to the felt needs of the villager These 15-man teams form the nucleus of 35-man TC development platoons one for each police area to be used in response to villager aspirations In the process of this on-the-job training the BPPSeabee teams accomplished the following in remote border villages

9 Schools were constructed 35 Bridges were constructed 65 Culverts-were implaced 57 Wells were dug and cased

107 Water seal privies were installed 17 Storage dams were constructed

7 STOL stripe were constructed 7 New BPP Platoon Hqs barracks were constructed

272 Kilometers of road were pioneered 45 304 Villagers were treated by medics

2 600 Villagers participated directly with projects 40 000 Villagers were directly affectedby projects

The third cycle of US Seabees are presently training three more BPP counterpart teams -

Nine US technicians were approved in FY 67 and seven are now in country The US technicians have hired and are training 25 Thai specialists in the fields of education agriculture animal husbandry vet medicine and sanitation These Thai specialists young educated locals are providing the extension of the US technical advisor to more areas of the border and they provide the bridge between the US technicians and the BPP who work at the village level Thai specialists will be increased to 35 in FY 68

18

The medical program of the RAS cost $400 000 in FY 67 The various cutlets of the BPP treated 50 000 patients per month around the borders of Thailand Fifty paramedics were trained as squad-level medics in basic medicinefirst aid techniques Another 250 remain to be trained which will bring to 454 or one for each squad the total number of BPP squad medics The medical program lost impetus when Embassy technicians were diverted and three US medical technicians will be contracted in FY 68 to properly supervise and monitor the civic action medical program

The BPP educational program staffs and operates 212 remote border schools All 384 school teachers had been re-trained on an annual basis but a transfer of personnel in early FY 68 depleted almost 40 percent of the trained teacher strength Retraining programs are underway to fill this gap and efforts are being made to transfer up to 25 schools each year to the Thai government ministry for support and staffing

The FY 68 target is to have each line platcon actively involved in population-commitment self-help projects at the village level The RAS personnel and support both US and Thai will be directed at assisting the platoons in developing the local populations within the platoon sphere of responsibility In FY 67 some of the most detailed intelligence gained by the BPP and which resulted in operations against communist elements were a direct result of RAS activities

Village Radio

-1 A total of 1 349 radios have been installed Regions 3 4 6 and 9 are 100 completed Region 5 has 50 of its radios installed and should be 100 completed by the end of December 1967 which will conclude all of Phase One Progress of installation of the radios has been delayed due to lack of helicopter support to enable the installation teams to reach inaccessible remote locations

2 PICCs have been prepared and submitted for 1 125 radios

plus supporting items for the implementation of Phase Two

19

of this project IBM data sheets have been prepared which give current status of all radio installation to include map coordinates operating frequencies and serial number of each radio

3 A central warehouse and repair shop has been established at the Signal Division compound in Bangkok under the auspices of the TNPD Thai technicians are being trained at these facilities to repair and operate the radios and other equipment To date formal and on-the-job training has been given to 12- installationteams of three men each and 15 radio repair technicians who work in the Bangkck and regional repair shops

4 DOLA has with their own budget provided eight technicians to work with the USOM and police installation teams

FIELD OPERA TIONS

Accelerated Rural Development

During FY 67 utilizing the USRTG resources provided in the FY 64 65 and 66 Project Agreements the ARD Project (a) Constructed about 280 kilometers of all-weather road and conducted follow-up on-the-job training for 1 543 construction workers in eleven changwats (b) initiated special agricultural activities in nine of the eleven changwats (c) Ccmpleted conshystruction of overhaul shops and engineering offices in three changwats (d) Provided engineering -and equipment overhaul services at the NEARDC for the ARD changwats (e) Staffed Thai changwat planning officer positions in all 14 changwats (f) Developed changwat development goals for the fourteen changwats - including preliminary mapped five-year roadshynedwork goals And (g) developed the yearly detailed men money and materials requirements to continue the project in 14 changwats and to initiate the project in four additional changwats

Of less tangible but perhaps far greater counterinsurgency value the planning and execution of ARD projects in the changwats have

20

become more nearly local government institutions designed to meet local needs The overall geographic priorities are still of necessity being set in Bangkok however the selection of specific activities and the locations within the changwats where these will be executed are tc a greater degree than ever before local options While accepting Bangkok leadership the Governors express their views on the impact of Bangkok ideas on chanswat activities with candor and vigor Recognizing the mid- and lowershylevel managerial weaknesses in the A-RD projects the Governors in fact recently seized the initiative to press the ARD Office for the establishment of an in-country training program in management principles and practices for changwat personnel

We anticipate a significant increase in productivity in FY 68 as a consequence of (a) The first quarter FY 68 receipt of the US equipment pledged in the FY 66 PrcAg - this receipt will almost double the total amount of equipment that was available during FY 67 (b) The skills maturation of the construction crews And (c) the managerial training and experience being provided ARD personnel in training sessions and on the job

Mobile Development Units

During the past year three new MDUs became operational making a total of 19 in Northern Northeastern Northwestern and Southern Thailand MDUs in 1968 will continue to increase at least at the present rate of three per year The National Security Commands (in Ministry of Defense) budget in support of MDUs is expected to double in FY 68 This increase in budget will be for both (1) new MDUs -and (2) increased inputs for established MDUs in the most critically insurgent areas

MDUs 3Nakhon Phanom 15Si Sa Ket and 4Nara Thiwas have expanded their working and learning youth program This program is designed to train village youth between the ages 15-25 in such skills as Carpentry barbering rubber tapping auto mechanics and agricultural practices By training village youth the National Security Command hopes both tc fill manpower gaps and also to deny the insurgents new recruits New-projects are under way in Uttaradit Surin and Pattani

21

Many MDUs are also now engaged in youthadult literacy classes

In November 28 operators and mechanics finished training at the Northeast Technical Institute in Korat and are now deployed in the field This training is a good example of coordination between MDU and ARD Coordination with ARD in establishment of provincial all-weather road networks is also improving in the ARD provinces Construction Company completed the first project road in Changwat Ubon Two platoon elements were deployed to Buri Ram and Si Sa Ket (Cambodian border) respectively to begin second projects while the third remained in Ubon to extend the first road

MDU development activities include roads irrigation health education agriculture livestock fisheries and vocational training In addition the MDUs operate only in areas where traditionally RTG influenceservices have been virtually non-existent

50 KW

The -50 KW transmitter located in Sakon Nakhcn Province is nowshybroadcasting 12 hours per day Station 909 as it is known in the Northeast reaches a vast audience in the most critically insurgent region of Thailand

Station 909 has been able to counter the propaganda of both Radio Hanoi and Voice of the People of Thailahd broadcasting from somewhere in Laos Already several communists have defected to local authorities saying that 9091s influence had really convinced them to give themselves up

All US Army trainerstechnicians have been phased out from the site One contract technician still remains and is working closely with the National Security Command personnel Four USIS field reporterprogramming advisors are also working closely with NSC counterparts throughout the Northeast

USG M hopes to be able to transfer complete ownership to the

Royal Thai Government in the near future

22

Amphur Farmer Groups

Fourteen Amphur Farmer Groups consisting of 17 500 members from 450 village rice and agricultural clubs have been formed in six Northeastern ARD changwats Boards of Directors have been elected and a manager and staff employed The AFG managers and bookkeepers have received training in a special three-week session at Kasetsart University In additicn the AFG managers two local farm leaders per amphur and the amphur rice and agriculture officers have received two weeks participant training in Taiwan

To date ten 400-ton AFG warehouses for the storage of paddy and fertilizer have been completed and two others are 80 completed These same amphurs have also completed construction of combinashytion offices and equipment storage buildings Plans have been completed in Amphurs Chiang Khan and Dan Sai for specialized warehouses for cotton and peanuts

The majority of USOM-supplied equipment for this program from FY 66 procurement has been in country within the past 90 days and plans are being formulated for its use during the next cropping season This equipment includes farm tractors with attachments hand sprayers pickup trucks scales typewriters and duplicating machines

A production credit program for paddy was instituted in 12 of the 14 amphurs with five commercial banks furnishing credit in kind for fertilizer and pesticides The banks were assisted in this program by approximately 500 amphur officials village CD workers and selected school teachers who were trained to explain the program to farmers and assist with loan applications From 11 868 loan applicants 9 567 loans were approved and 8445 farmers actually elected to receive credit To date S 2 500 000 has been extended as credit under this program for the current crop year

A natural disaster guarantee fund has been established with USOM support to indemnify the participating banks in case of non-payment of loans because of flood drought and insect epidemics

23

In Changwat Loei credit for pesticides and sprayers amounting to $ 3 500 000 was furnished to 3 000 cotton farmers through the AFG by three private cotton companies

Future plans call for establishment of 14 new AFG in FY 68 in the ARD areas increasing membership in existing AFG establishment of a marketing credit program and intensified extension training for the AFG members

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Extension

Since the new Department of Extension is not yet in operation agricultural extension programs in Thailand are still being carried out through the Extension Divisions of the various departments of the Ministry of Agriculture The organization of the Department of Extension has been approved by the Ministry along with its functionsand responsibilities but has not yet been given official Cabinet approval Cnce Cabinet approval has been given and personnel problems are resolved the Department of Extension will carry on the present extension programs of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture initiating new programs as well Operation of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office at the Northeast Agricultural Center at Tha Phra will also be an active part of the program

At present staffing of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office has not been completed and only an Acting Regional Extension Director is stationed there Consequently training programs for

extension workers farm leaders and farmers that were originally scheduled to be done at Tha Phra have been carried out by the Extension Divisions of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture

In the sensitive changwats of Northeast Thailand so far in 1967 the Department of Agriculture has conducted four five-day Amphur Officer training meetingz with 237 officers receiving the training Department policies new programs crops and techniques were included in the training program Five four-day training

24

meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

26

Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

27

Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

28

The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

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Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

7

J Crime Records Office

An effective Fingerprint and Identification Section with the necessary equipment (auxiliary files) he s been established in the Criminal Records Office Regional Record Unit Offices also have been established In addition three Provincial Record Offices have been constructed staffed and equipped while another twenty units are currently under construction Expansion of office facilities at CRC Headquarters has been completed They were equipped with US purchased fingerprint classification and latent fingerprint supplies with required locally available equipment and supplies furnished from FY 67 baht counterpart funds A feasibility study concerned with contemporary methods of receiving storing retrieving and displaying criminal records has been completed and the use of electronic data processing has been determined to be an effective means of improving the overall CR0 operations

K Police Administration Committee to Receive Foreign Assistance

The Police Administrative Committee to Receive Foreign Assistance is a duly constituted element of the TNPD established by the Director-General of Police as his direct liaison with USCM Public Safety to insure the overall coordination cooperation planning and evaluation of USOM Public Safety activities with the TNPD The existence of this Committee contributes to a very large extent to the success of USOMs activities with the TNPD as it facilitates joint planning and assists in assurance of proper utilization of USOM-provided training and commodities

-The Police Administrative Committee has been formed staffed meetings held and specific areas of study determined Subshycommittees have been appointed covering project implementation counterpart funds and participant training Personnel have been assigned to each sub-project in order that TA s and their countershyparts may have direct contact with a member of the Committee Weekly meetings of the Committees staff and USOMs staff have been held Lastly sub-committees have been designated to study monitor and recommend improved methods of operation and administration of specific TNPD elements and functions

)

8

L Inspector General

During FY 67 $20 000 was provided for vehicles office and photographic equipment while a total of $ 27 000 was provided from counterpart funds for supplies and materials

Recommendations to reorganize and increase the capability of the Inspector Generals Office have been completed end approved by the Director General Added authorized personnel have since been assigned to this office resulting in an improved inspection capability

A Joint TNPDUSOM inspection has been made of the Provincial Police which resulted in jointly agreed recommendations for changes in the USOM sub-project to support this Division In addition to improved police housing station reconstruction and renovation the inspection also reinforced a recognized need for POL reaction forces and lower level police presence

During FY 1967 the Inspector Generals Office performed evaluations of conditions in all areas of the Kingdom with growing emphasis upon security-sensitive areas Four inspections were conducted personally by the IG in Northeast Provinces and one in the South

M Management Information Systems

This -sub-project encompasses the development of an improved management information system required for effective utilization of police resources funds material manpower and intelligence necessary to combat subversion insurgency and criminality iri the security-sensitive areas of Thailand Embodied in this subshyproject are the following TNPD divisions which were listed as separate sub-projects in the FY 67 ProAg

Secretariat Finance Division Research and Planning Central Data Processing

9

A proposal based upon studies of the Secretariats Office Finance

Division Planning and Research Division and Crime Records Office was prepared in November 1966 for the development of a

TNPD Management Information System An interim payroll system

was designedand implemented in April 1967 utilizing automatic data processing (ADP) equipment

Offices and housing space for ADP equipment were provided for in a

building constructed by TNPD national budget in April 1967

Furnishings and equipment were funded by FY 67 baht counterpart

Basic ADP key-punch and verifying equipment was ordered and

installed in FY 67 and basic programming training was given

locally to five TNPD personnel

A new Incident Report Form was designed and tested

N Signal Division

The policy of channeling all telecommunication support for all

divisions of the TNPD through the Signal Division has been firmly established

Seven Thai police officers have received participant telecommunishy

cation training in the United States and are now working in key

positions within the TNPD Signal Division

225 new members of the TNPD Signal Division have been recruited

and are undergoing training

A telecommunication technician and operators school has been

established and equipped Two classes of 32 each have graduated and a third is in progress

Sufficient test equipment tools and spare parts are now on hand to

initially stock and equip the Bangkok facilities and the regional

repair shops

The services of three US direct hire and two US personal

service contract advisors were provided In addition USOM is

10

providing one direct hire and two contract Thai technicians who are paid from counterpart trust funds There are also 50 Thai technishycians and 12 Thai engineers who are paid from counterpart funds assisting with the project

The transmitter receiver and message center buildings which will house the personnel and equipment for the headquarters base station of the country-wide network in Bangkok were completed in tugust of 1967 It will take approximately 45 days to install the telecommunication equipment which is already in-country

210 of the first phase Police Tambol Stations have been radio equipped As additional stations are constructed radio equipment is being installed Phase two (FY 67) consists of 125 new stations and the radios have been ordered

Regional repair shops are completed and operaticnal in Regions 4 6 and 9 and are nearing completion in all other regions

A modern central depot warehouse has been constructed in Bangkok

A modern depot repair shop has been established in Bangkok The existing facility is in a temporary location however a modern two- story building is under construction

Construction is completed on the Bangkok mobile repair shop tdequate test equipment tools and spare parts are on hand to service the VHF-FM mobile and base station radios presently being utilized by various TNPD agencies

The first 23 Special Action Force units have been radio equipped and sufficient equipment is on order to take care of planned expansion of the SAF

40 FM-5 radios have been issued the provincial police 23 single side band radios 701 FM-5 radios 300 FM-l radios and 12 HT-2 ground-to-air radios were ordered from FY 1966 funding This equipment started to arrive in August 1967 and is being processed for issue An additional 50 single side band radios 716 FM-5 400 FM-l and 50 ground-to-air radios were ordered in FY 1967

11

Equipment has been ordered to up-dte the Marine Police network both ship and shore stations This equipment has started to arrive and the Marine Police Telecom Section is installing it on boats and at shore installations

The Bangkok Metropolitan Police have received 56 base stations and 69 mobile stations which have been installed and are operational 63 FM-5 and 60 FM-i radios are on orderfcr them and delivery should commence in October of 1967 20 mobile stations 180 FM-5 and 90 FM-i radios were ordered for them with FY 1967 funds This equipment will expand the existing system down to the Kiosk level

The following equipment was provided the Crime Suppression Division from FY 1966 funding 1 VHF-FM 120-watt base station and 6 FM-i radice 1967 funding provided 28 30-watt VHF-FM mobile radios 10 FM-i radios and 10 FM-5 radios In addition all of their existing equipment has been overhauled and a 90-foot tower with a high gain antenna installed for use with their Bangkok base station

The Highway Patrol has received 66 VHF-FM mobile radios and 22 VHF-FM base stations These radios are deployed at fixed points and in patrol vehicles along the major highways and in Bangkok In order to further extend their systems coverage 20 more mobile and 11 base stations will be provided with FY 67 funds A continuing maintenance program has been established for their overall system and antenna towers with high-gain antennas erected in many critical areas

Seven HF single side band radios have arrived in country for the Railway Police 50 FM-5 and 100 FM-1 radios were also ordered with FY 66 funding for them Six additional single side band radios 146 FM-5 and 252 FM-i radios have been ordered from FY 67 funding 27 memberS of the Railway Police have graduated from a special class on communications given by the TNPD Signal Division

12

The TNPD Education Division has received specialized instruction on communication subjects and has been provided radio equipment of the same type utilized by operational elements of the TNPD

24 VHF-FM mobile and six base station radios were ordered in FY 67 to completely up-date the CID system Antennas towers and other accessories will also be provided and installed

A telecommunicaticn network for the TNPD Air Wing has been designed and suitable equipment ordered for them to enable pointshyto-point radio communication between their various air fields and also between ground stations and aircraft in flight

0 Education Bureau

In order to meet the increased demand for both Provincial Police and Border Patrcl Police agreed to in the FY 65 ProAg the capacity of the four Provincial Police recruit schools was raised from 1440 men graduating in two classes a year to 4 800 in 2-12 classes a year At the close of FY 66 activity targets for the Education Bureau for the following year increased with a requireshyment for an additional 1 550 constable recruits to be trained by the end of June 1967 By increasing the company strengths from 90 to 120 men and adding four additional recruit ccmpanies this goal was met

As a result of TNPD force expansion to meet the increasing insurgency it was agreed in the FY 67 ProAg to train an additional force of 11 550 men by the end of December 1968 This is being accomplished expanding all companies in all schools to 180 men each This will produce a total of 4860 men graduating in 2-12 classes per year or an znnual average of 12 150 men

An analysis of the Metropolitan Recruit Training Program was made and an up-graded curriculum will be introduced in FY 68 which will improve the training

13

P Aviation Division

Since the concept of the centralized TNPD Aviation was agreed to in June of 1966 considerable progress has been made The maintenance advisory contract (first signed in 1962) has been expanded to include the support of all TNPD aircraft and is being renegotiated to include such services as on-call maintehance personnel and to stipulate the objective of building an in-house capability of the TNPD to perform aircraft maintenance From FY 66 funds six utility and 16 LOH type helicopters have been contracted for and will be delivered during FY 68 Thirty TNPD officers were sent to the US in FY 67 for helicopter training and 26 of them are expected to report for flying duty with the Aviation Division by December 1967

Additionally a USOMTNPD plan for the expansion of the Thai Civil Aviation Training Center (CATC) to include helicopter training has been approved in principle and it is anticipated that 24 pilots per year will be made available to the TNPD from this source Plans for the construction of 2 TNPD aircraft hangars at Bangkok and 8 helicopter hangars and 15 crew quarters upcountry are complete 18 15 500 000 from FY 66 and FY 67 counterpart funds was approve d for this purpose and contracts have been awarded In FY 67 the TNPD screened some 300 constables for US -sponsored helicopter mechanic training in Taiwan 45 were selected and sent The TNPD is planning to dispose of obsolete and undesirable aircraft which have not been utilized effectively and which have been an undue maintenance burden This action will bring about a considerable alleviation in the overall problems of supporting and maintaining 12 different types of aircraft Agreement to and implementation of a number of changes in operating and maintenance procedures has resulted in an improved safer air support program The concept of a centralized Aviation Division has been accepted in a manner which portends full cooperation in attaining the desired increased air support for all TNPD elements

The TNPD budgeted and purchased its first large STOL aircraft a Canadian built DeHaviland Caribou in FY 66 for delivery in FY 67 a second airplane was purchased in FY 67 for delivery in

14

FY 68 These two Caribous costing $ 18 000 000 each are outstanding hcst country self-help contributions to the air support capability of the Aviation Division It is anticipated that all TNPD large transportSTOL requirements will be met by these aircraft

Q Quartermaster Division

Embodied in this sub-project are the following TNPD divisions which were listed as separate sub-projects in the FY 67 ProAg Quartermaster Management Armament Vehicle Maintenance

(a) Quartermaster

Four building projects were initiated with completion due prior to December 31 1967

1 Test Range Improvements and Soundprcofing shycounterpart funds and US Government excess property

2 Guard Facilities and Offices - baht counterpart

3 Food Canteen - TNPD budget

4 Supply and storage facility near Automotive Rebuild shybaht ccunterpart

The QM area has been paved with asphalt - TNPD budget

Q1Li developed a program to store material salvaged from incoming boxes This is used to make crates andcr boxes for outgoing articles as necessary

(b) rmament

Reloading equipment for caliber 38 ammunition arrived in-country was set up and production began in May 1967

Gunsmiths have been trained for mobile repair teams These teams to be based at the TNPD Quartermaster Depot in Bangkok

15

will travel tc and from work at Regional Headquarters Changwad and Amphur stations to lessen the down time involved with

weapons which have heretofore necessarily been sent to Bangkok for repair Twenty men have been partially trained Approxishy

mately 4 000 Mossberg bolt action shotguns were modified and

repaired by the mobile gunsmithing teams during the year

Individual on-the-job training for gunsmiths in the machine shop

has been on an as-needed basis and has resulted in increased

efficiency in both fields The machine shop has become proficient

in weapons parts making

TNPD regulations concerning weapons repair have been revised

allowing more flexibility and relaxing previous stern measures

which hampered training and in effect restricted use of weapons

Obsolete weapons have been almost entirely turned in and replaced

by modern arms mostly USOM provided

(c) Vehicle Maintenance

As of November 1967 11 field garages have been built by joint

ThaiUSOM funding The BPP have four garages completed and

three under construction USOM funded the tocling and American

made vehicle parts fcr all of the field garages and the QM Nine

shops have been staffed and have had training in the use of their

tools and equipment A new parts warehouse is now under

construction at the QM counterpart funded Eighty-five mechanics

have had various levels of training

R Petroleum Suppcrt

The Petroleum program was apprcved in September 1966 US dollar funding was $500 000 in FY 66 and $735 000 in FY 67 The TNPD contributed counterpart funds amounting to $ 2 000 000 in FY 66 and $ 400 000 in FY 67 for transportation and distribution

of the petroleum

16

Tickets and control measures were developed and approved in April 1967 Petroleum started flowing in May 1967 As of November 1967 all divisions of the TNPD are receiving petroleum and books to draw fuel have been distributed to all regions of the Kingdom

As a result of this program TNPD patrol activity has increased and has resulted in around-the-clock law enforcement All units receiving petroleum such as Marine Pclice Aviation Division Highway Patrol Provincial Police and Border Patrol Police have recorded increase -in arrests resulting in their being a greater deterrent to insurgency and crime in all are-as

By the prcvisicn of increased petroleum allowances permitting operation of generators and battery chargers it is now possible for police field units to use their radios to meet increased reporting schedules thus providing better protection for the villagers

The Marine Police as a direct result of the petrcleum support program combined with receipt of new high-speed patrol craft have initiated Z4-hour-a-day patrol on the river and smashed a smugglers ring Also provision of petroleum has freed their POL budget to a1cw them to pay up back per diem accounts and POL bills

Remote Area Security

The RAS project is targeted to assist the BPP in fulfilling one of their assigned border security responsibilities - the creation of a friendly cooperating local population firmly commited to Thailand and willing to support the RTGBPP in identifying locating and eliminating communist subversives in the border regions

The RAS program brings the BPP into otherwise isolated villages tc invoke and provide positive improvements in the villagers living conditions as well as an expanded prospect for the future The objective of the RAS program is to involve the villager in his own development so that the projects their explanation and the peopleBPP relaticns will supply the villager with a reason and

17

desire to risk his life and property for a government which for him has previously been nonexistant negative or at least politically socially and geographically distant

In FY 67 six 15-man complements of BPP were trained by the US Seabees in village level self-help projects designed for the greatest political import - by responding to the felt needs of the villager These 15-man teams form the nucleus of 35-man TC development platoons one for each police area to be used in response to villager aspirations In the process of this on-the-job training the BPPSeabee teams accomplished the following in remote border villages

9 Schools were constructed 35 Bridges were constructed 65 Culverts-were implaced 57 Wells were dug and cased

107 Water seal privies were installed 17 Storage dams were constructed

7 STOL stripe were constructed 7 New BPP Platoon Hqs barracks were constructed

272 Kilometers of road were pioneered 45 304 Villagers were treated by medics

2 600 Villagers participated directly with projects 40 000 Villagers were directly affectedby projects

The third cycle of US Seabees are presently training three more BPP counterpart teams -

Nine US technicians were approved in FY 67 and seven are now in country The US technicians have hired and are training 25 Thai specialists in the fields of education agriculture animal husbandry vet medicine and sanitation These Thai specialists young educated locals are providing the extension of the US technical advisor to more areas of the border and they provide the bridge between the US technicians and the BPP who work at the village level Thai specialists will be increased to 35 in FY 68

18

The medical program of the RAS cost $400 000 in FY 67 The various cutlets of the BPP treated 50 000 patients per month around the borders of Thailand Fifty paramedics were trained as squad-level medics in basic medicinefirst aid techniques Another 250 remain to be trained which will bring to 454 or one for each squad the total number of BPP squad medics The medical program lost impetus when Embassy technicians were diverted and three US medical technicians will be contracted in FY 68 to properly supervise and monitor the civic action medical program

The BPP educational program staffs and operates 212 remote border schools All 384 school teachers had been re-trained on an annual basis but a transfer of personnel in early FY 68 depleted almost 40 percent of the trained teacher strength Retraining programs are underway to fill this gap and efforts are being made to transfer up to 25 schools each year to the Thai government ministry for support and staffing

The FY 68 target is to have each line platcon actively involved in population-commitment self-help projects at the village level The RAS personnel and support both US and Thai will be directed at assisting the platoons in developing the local populations within the platoon sphere of responsibility In FY 67 some of the most detailed intelligence gained by the BPP and which resulted in operations against communist elements were a direct result of RAS activities

Village Radio

-1 A total of 1 349 radios have been installed Regions 3 4 6 and 9 are 100 completed Region 5 has 50 of its radios installed and should be 100 completed by the end of December 1967 which will conclude all of Phase One Progress of installation of the radios has been delayed due to lack of helicopter support to enable the installation teams to reach inaccessible remote locations

2 PICCs have been prepared and submitted for 1 125 radios

plus supporting items for the implementation of Phase Two

19

of this project IBM data sheets have been prepared which give current status of all radio installation to include map coordinates operating frequencies and serial number of each radio

3 A central warehouse and repair shop has been established at the Signal Division compound in Bangkok under the auspices of the TNPD Thai technicians are being trained at these facilities to repair and operate the radios and other equipment To date formal and on-the-job training has been given to 12- installationteams of three men each and 15 radio repair technicians who work in the Bangkck and regional repair shops

4 DOLA has with their own budget provided eight technicians to work with the USOM and police installation teams

FIELD OPERA TIONS

Accelerated Rural Development

During FY 67 utilizing the USRTG resources provided in the FY 64 65 and 66 Project Agreements the ARD Project (a) Constructed about 280 kilometers of all-weather road and conducted follow-up on-the-job training for 1 543 construction workers in eleven changwats (b) initiated special agricultural activities in nine of the eleven changwats (c) Ccmpleted conshystruction of overhaul shops and engineering offices in three changwats (d) Provided engineering -and equipment overhaul services at the NEARDC for the ARD changwats (e) Staffed Thai changwat planning officer positions in all 14 changwats (f) Developed changwat development goals for the fourteen changwats - including preliminary mapped five-year roadshynedwork goals And (g) developed the yearly detailed men money and materials requirements to continue the project in 14 changwats and to initiate the project in four additional changwats

Of less tangible but perhaps far greater counterinsurgency value the planning and execution of ARD projects in the changwats have

20

become more nearly local government institutions designed to meet local needs The overall geographic priorities are still of necessity being set in Bangkok however the selection of specific activities and the locations within the changwats where these will be executed are tc a greater degree than ever before local options While accepting Bangkok leadership the Governors express their views on the impact of Bangkok ideas on chanswat activities with candor and vigor Recognizing the mid- and lowershylevel managerial weaknesses in the A-RD projects the Governors in fact recently seized the initiative to press the ARD Office for the establishment of an in-country training program in management principles and practices for changwat personnel

We anticipate a significant increase in productivity in FY 68 as a consequence of (a) The first quarter FY 68 receipt of the US equipment pledged in the FY 66 PrcAg - this receipt will almost double the total amount of equipment that was available during FY 67 (b) The skills maturation of the construction crews And (c) the managerial training and experience being provided ARD personnel in training sessions and on the job

Mobile Development Units

During the past year three new MDUs became operational making a total of 19 in Northern Northeastern Northwestern and Southern Thailand MDUs in 1968 will continue to increase at least at the present rate of three per year The National Security Commands (in Ministry of Defense) budget in support of MDUs is expected to double in FY 68 This increase in budget will be for both (1) new MDUs -and (2) increased inputs for established MDUs in the most critically insurgent areas

MDUs 3Nakhon Phanom 15Si Sa Ket and 4Nara Thiwas have expanded their working and learning youth program This program is designed to train village youth between the ages 15-25 in such skills as Carpentry barbering rubber tapping auto mechanics and agricultural practices By training village youth the National Security Command hopes both tc fill manpower gaps and also to deny the insurgents new recruits New-projects are under way in Uttaradit Surin and Pattani

21

Many MDUs are also now engaged in youthadult literacy classes

In November 28 operators and mechanics finished training at the Northeast Technical Institute in Korat and are now deployed in the field This training is a good example of coordination between MDU and ARD Coordination with ARD in establishment of provincial all-weather road networks is also improving in the ARD provinces Construction Company completed the first project road in Changwat Ubon Two platoon elements were deployed to Buri Ram and Si Sa Ket (Cambodian border) respectively to begin second projects while the third remained in Ubon to extend the first road

MDU development activities include roads irrigation health education agriculture livestock fisheries and vocational training In addition the MDUs operate only in areas where traditionally RTG influenceservices have been virtually non-existent

50 KW

The -50 KW transmitter located in Sakon Nakhcn Province is nowshybroadcasting 12 hours per day Station 909 as it is known in the Northeast reaches a vast audience in the most critically insurgent region of Thailand

Station 909 has been able to counter the propaganda of both Radio Hanoi and Voice of the People of Thailahd broadcasting from somewhere in Laos Already several communists have defected to local authorities saying that 9091s influence had really convinced them to give themselves up

All US Army trainerstechnicians have been phased out from the site One contract technician still remains and is working closely with the National Security Command personnel Four USIS field reporterprogramming advisors are also working closely with NSC counterparts throughout the Northeast

USG M hopes to be able to transfer complete ownership to the

Royal Thai Government in the near future

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Amphur Farmer Groups

Fourteen Amphur Farmer Groups consisting of 17 500 members from 450 village rice and agricultural clubs have been formed in six Northeastern ARD changwats Boards of Directors have been elected and a manager and staff employed The AFG managers and bookkeepers have received training in a special three-week session at Kasetsart University In additicn the AFG managers two local farm leaders per amphur and the amphur rice and agriculture officers have received two weeks participant training in Taiwan

To date ten 400-ton AFG warehouses for the storage of paddy and fertilizer have been completed and two others are 80 completed These same amphurs have also completed construction of combinashytion offices and equipment storage buildings Plans have been completed in Amphurs Chiang Khan and Dan Sai for specialized warehouses for cotton and peanuts

The majority of USOM-supplied equipment for this program from FY 66 procurement has been in country within the past 90 days and plans are being formulated for its use during the next cropping season This equipment includes farm tractors with attachments hand sprayers pickup trucks scales typewriters and duplicating machines

A production credit program for paddy was instituted in 12 of the 14 amphurs with five commercial banks furnishing credit in kind for fertilizer and pesticides The banks were assisted in this program by approximately 500 amphur officials village CD workers and selected school teachers who were trained to explain the program to farmers and assist with loan applications From 11 868 loan applicants 9 567 loans were approved and 8445 farmers actually elected to receive credit To date S 2 500 000 has been extended as credit under this program for the current crop year

A natural disaster guarantee fund has been established with USOM support to indemnify the participating banks in case of non-payment of loans because of flood drought and insect epidemics

23

In Changwat Loei credit for pesticides and sprayers amounting to $ 3 500 000 was furnished to 3 000 cotton farmers through the AFG by three private cotton companies

Future plans call for establishment of 14 new AFG in FY 68 in the ARD areas increasing membership in existing AFG establishment of a marketing credit program and intensified extension training for the AFG members

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Extension

Since the new Department of Extension is not yet in operation agricultural extension programs in Thailand are still being carried out through the Extension Divisions of the various departments of the Ministry of Agriculture The organization of the Department of Extension has been approved by the Ministry along with its functionsand responsibilities but has not yet been given official Cabinet approval Cnce Cabinet approval has been given and personnel problems are resolved the Department of Extension will carry on the present extension programs of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture initiating new programs as well Operation of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office at the Northeast Agricultural Center at Tha Phra will also be an active part of the program

At present staffing of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office has not been completed and only an Acting Regional Extension Director is stationed there Consequently training programs for

extension workers farm leaders and farmers that were originally scheduled to be done at Tha Phra have been carried out by the Extension Divisions of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture

In the sensitive changwats of Northeast Thailand so far in 1967 the Department of Agriculture has conducted four five-day Amphur Officer training meetingz with 237 officers receiving the training Department policies new programs crops and techniques were included in the training program Five four-day training

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meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

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Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

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Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

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The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

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Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

)

8

L Inspector General

During FY 67 $20 000 was provided for vehicles office and photographic equipment while a total of $ 27 000 was provided from counterpart funds for supplies and materials

Recommendations to reorganize and increase the capability of the Inspector Generals Office have been completed end approved by the Director General Added authorized personnel have since been assigned to this office resulting in an improved inspection capability

A Joint TNPDUSOM inspection has been made of the Provincial Police which resulted in jointly agreed recommendations for changes in the USOM sub-project to support this Division In addition to improved police housing station reconstruction and renovation the inspection also reinforced a recognized need for POL reaction forces and lower level police presence

During FY 1967 the Inspector Generals Office performed evaluations of conditions in all areas of the Kingdom with growing emphasis upon security-sensitive areas Four inspections were conducted personally by the IG in Northeast Provinces and one in the South

M Management Information Systems

This -sub-project encompasses the development of an improved management information system required for effective utilization of police resources funds material manpower and intelligence necessary to combat subversion insurgency and criminality iri the security-sensitive areas of Thailand Embodied in this subshyproject are the following TNPD divisions which were listed as separate sub-projects in the FY 67 ProAg

Secretariat Finance Division Research and Planning Central Data Processing

9

A proposal based upon studies of the Secretariats Office Finance

Division Planning and Research Division and Crime Records Office was prepared in November 1966 for the development of a

TNPD Management Information System An interim payroll system

was designedand implemented in April 1967 utilizing automatic data processing (ADP) equipment

Offices and housing space for ADP equipment were provided for in a

building constructed by TNPD national budget in April 1967

Furnishings and equipment were funded by FY 67 baht counterpart

Basic ADP key-punch and verifying equipment was ordered and

installed in FY 67 and basic programming training was given

locally to five TNPD personnel

A new Incident Report Form was designed and tested

N Signal Division

The policy of channeling all telecommunication support for all

divisions of the TNPD through the Signal Division has been firmly established

Seven Thai police officers have received participant telecommunishy

cation training in the United States and are now working in key

positions within the TNPD Signal Division

225 new members of the TNPD Signal Division have been recruited

and are undergoing training

A telecommunication technician and operators school has been

established and equipped Two classes of 32 each have graduated and a third is in progress

Sufficient test equipment tools and spare parts are now on hand to

initially stock and equip the Bangkok facilities and the regional

repair shops

The services of three US direct hire and two US personal

service contract advisors were provided In addition USOM is

10

providing one direct hire and two contract Thai technicians who are paid from counterpart trust funds There are also 50 Thai technishycians and 12 Thai engineers who are paid from counterpart funds assisting with the project

The transmitter receiver and message center buildings which will house the personnel and equipment for the headquarters base station of the country-wide network in Bangkok were completed in tugust of 1967 It will take approximately 45 days to install the telecommunication equipment which is already in-country

210 of the first phase Police Tambol Stations have been radio equipped As additional stations are constructed radio equipment is being installed Phase two (FY 67) consists of 125 new stations and the radios have been ordered

Regional repair shops are completed and operaticnal in Regions 4 6 and 9 and are nearing completion in all other regions

A modern central depot warehouse has been constructed in Bangkok

A modern depot repair shop has been established in Bangkok The existing facility is in a temporary location however a modern two- story building is under construction

Construction is completed on the Bangkok mobile repair shop tdequate test equipment tools and spare parts are on hand to service the VHF-FM mobile and base station radios presently being utilized by various TNPD agencies

The first 23 Special Action Force units have been radio equipped and sufficient equipment is on order to take care of planned expansion of the SAF

40 FM-5 radios have been issued the provincial police 23 single side band radios 701 FM-5 radios 300 FM-l radios and 12 HT-2 ground-to-air radios were ordered from FY 1966 funding This equipment started to arrive in August 1967 and is being processed for issue An additional 50 single side band radios 716 FM-5 400 FM-l and 50 ground-to-air radios were ordered in FY 1967

11

Equipment has been ordered to up-dte the Marine Police network both ship and shore stations This equipment has started to arrive and the Marine Police Telecom Section is installing it on boats and at shore installations

The Bangkok Metropolitan Police have received 56 base stations and 69 mobile stations which have been installed and are operational 63 FM-5 and 60 FM-i radios are on orderfcr them and delivery should commence in October of 1967 20 mobile stations 180 FM-5 and 90 FM-i radios were ordered for them with FY 1967 funds This equipment will expand the existing system down to the Kiosk level

The following equipment was provided the Crime Suppression Division from FY 1966 funding 1 VHF-FM 120-watt base station and 6 FM-i radice 1967 funding provided 28 30-watt VHF-FM mobile radios 10 FM-i radios and 10 FM-5 radios In addition all of their existing equipment has been overhauled and a 90-foot tower with a high gain antenna installed for use with their Bangkok base station

The Highway Patrol has received 66 VHF-FM mobile radios and 22 VHF-FM base stations These radios are deployed at fixed points and in patrol vehicles along the major highways and in Bangkok In order to further extend their systems coverage 20 more mobile and 11 base stations will be provided with FY 67 funds A continuing maintenance program has been established for their overall system and antenna towers with high-gain antennas erected in many critical areas

Seven HF single side band radios have arrived in country for the Railway Police 50 FM-5 and 100 FM-1 radios were also ordered with FY 66 funding for them Six additional single side band radios 146 FM-5 and 252 FM-i radios have been ordered from FY 67 funding 27 memberS of the Railway Police have graduated from a special class on communications given by the TNPD Signal Division

12

The TNPD Education Division has received specialized instruction on communication subjects and has been provided radio equipment of the same type utilized by operational elements of the TNPD

24 VHF-FM mobile and six base station radios were ordered in FY 67 to completely up-date the CID system Antennas towers and other accessories will also be provided and installed

A telecommunicaticn network for the TNPD Air Wing has been designed and suitable equipment ordered for them to enable pointshyto-point radio communication between their various air fields and also between ground stations and aircraft in flight

0 Education Bureau

In order to meet the increased demand for both Provincial Police and Border Patrcl Police agreed to in the FY 65 ProAg the capacity of the four Provincial Police recruit schools was raised from 1440 men graduating in two classes a year to 4 800 in 2-12 classes a year At the close of FY 66 activity targets for the Education Bureau for the following year increased with a requireshyment for an additional 1 550 constable recruits to be trained by the end of June 1967 By increasing the company strengths from 90 to 120 men and adding four additional recruit ccmpanies this goal was met

As a result of TNPD force expansion to meet the increasing insurgency it was agreed in the FY 67 ProAg to train an additional force of 11 550 men by the end of December 1968 This is being accomplished expanding all companies in all schools to 180 men each This will produce a total of 4860 men graduating in 2-12 classes per year or an znnual average of 12 150 men

An analysis of the Metropolitan Recruit Training Program was made and an up-graded curriculum will be introduced in FY 68 which will improve the training

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P Aviation Division

Since the concept of the centralized TNPD Aviation was agreed to in June of 1966 considerable progress has been made The maintenance advisory contract (first signed in 1962) has been expanded to include the support of all TNPD aircraft and is being renegotiated to include such services as on-call maintehance personnel and to stipulate the objective of building an in-house capability of the TNPD to perform aircraft maintenance From FY 66 funds six utility and 16 LOH type helicopters have been contracted for and will be delivered during FY 68 Thirty TNPD officers were sent to the US in FY 67 for helicopter training and 26 of them are expected to report for flying duty with the Aviation Division by December 1967

Additionally a USOMTNPD plan for the expansion of the Thai Civil Aviation Training Center (CATC) to include helicopter training has been approved in principle and it is anticipated that 24 pilots per year will be made available to the TNPD from this source Plans for the construction of 2 TNPD aircraft hangars at Bangkok and 8 helicopter hangars and 15 crew quarters upcountry are complete 18 15 500 000 from FY 66 and FY 67 counterpart funds was approve d for this purpose and contracts have been awarded In FY 67 the TNPD screened some 300 constables for US -sponsored helicopter mechanic training in Taiwan 45 were selected and sent The TNPD is planning to dispose of obsolete and undesirable aircraft which have not been utilized effectively and which have been an undue maintenance burden This action will bring about a considerable alleviation in the overall problems of supporting and maintaining 12 different types of aircraft Agreement to and implementation of a number of changes in operating and maintenance procedures has resulted in an improved safer air support program The concept of a centralized Aviation Division has been accepted in a manner which portends full cooperation in attaining the desired increased air support for all TNPD elements

The TNPD budgeted and purchased its first large STOL aircraft a Canadian built DeHaviland Caribou in FY 66 for delivery in FY 67 a second airplane was purchased in FY 67 for delivery in

14

FY 68 These two Caribous costing $ 18 000 000 each are outstanding hcst country self-help contributions to the air support capability of the Aviation Division It is anticipated that all TNPD large transportSTOL requirements will be met by these aircraft

Q Quartermaster Division

Embodied in this sub-project are the following TNPD divisions which were listed as separate sub-projects in the FY 67 ProAg Quartermaster Management Armament Vehicle Maintenance

(a) Quartermaster

Four building projects were initiated with completion due prior to December 31 1967

1 Test Range Improvements and Soundprcofing shycounterpart funds and US Government excess property

2 Guard Facilities and Offices - baht counterpart

3 Food Canteen - TNPD budget

4 Supply and storage facility near Automotive Rebuild shybaht ccunterpart

The QM area has been paved with asphalt - TNPD budget

Q1Li developed a program to store material salvaged from incoming boxes This is used to make crates andcr boxes for outgoing articles as necessary

(b) rmament

Reloading equipment for caliber 38 ammunition arrived in-country was set up and production began in May 1967

Gunsmiths have been trained for mobile repair teams These teams to be based at the TNPD Quartermaster Depot in Bangkok

15

will travel tc and from work at Regional Headquarters Changwad and Amphur stations to lessen the down time involved with

weapons which have heretofore necessarily been sent to Bangkok for repair Twenty men have been partially trained Approxishy

mately 4 000 Mossberg bolt action shotguns were modified and

repaired by the mobile gunsmithing teams during the year

Individual on-the-job training for gunsmiths in the machine shop

has been on an as-needed basis and has resulted in increased

efficiency in both fields The machine shop has become proficient

in weapons parts making

TNPD regulations concerning weapons repair have been revised

allowing more flexibility and relaxing previous stern measures

which hampered training and in effect restricted use of weapons

Obsolete weapons have been almost entirely turned in and replaced

by modern arms mostly USOM provided

(c) Vehicle Maintenance

As of November 1967 11 field garages have been built by joint

ThaiUSOM funding The BPP have four garages completed and

three under construction USOM funded the tocling and American

made vehicle parts fcr all of the field garages and the QM Nine

shops have been staffed and have had training in the use of their

tools and equipment A new parts warehouse is now under

construction at the QM counterpart funded Eighty-five mechanics

have had various levels of training

R Petroleum Suppcrt

The Petroleum program was apprcved in September 1966 US dollar funding was $500 000 in FY 66 and $735 000 in FY 67 The TNPD contributed counterpart funds amounting to $ 2 000 000 in FY 66 and $ 400 000 in FY 67 for transportation and distribution

of the petroleum

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Tickets and control measures were developed and approved in April 1967 Petroleum started flowing in May 1967 As of November 1967 all divisions of the TNPD are receiving petroleum and books to draw fuel have been distributed to all regions of the Kingdom

As a result of this program TNPD patrol activity has increased and has resulted in around-the-clock law enforcement All units receiving petroleum such as Marine Pclice Aviation Division Highway Patrol Provincial Police and Border Patrol Police have recorded increase -in arrests resulting in their being a greater deterrent to insurgency and crime in all are-as

By the prcvisicn of increased petroleum allowances permitting operation of generators and battery chargers it is now possible for police field units to use their radios to meet increased reporting schedules thus providing better protection for the villagers

The Marine Police as a direct result of the petrcleum support program combined with receipt of new high-speed patrol craft have initiated Z4-hour-a-day patrol on the river and smashed a smugglers ring Also provision of petroleum has freed their POL budget to a1cw them to pay up back per diem accounts and POL bills

Remote Area Security

The RAS project is targeted to assist the BPP in fulfilling one of their assigned border security responsibilities - the creation of a friendly cooperating local population firmly commited to Thailand and willing to support the RTGBPP in identifying locating and eliminating communist subversives in the border regions

The RAS program brings the BPP into otherwise isolated villages tc invoke and provide positive improvements in the villagers living conditions as well as an expanded prospect for the future The objective of the RAS program is to involve the villager in his own development so that the projects their explanation and the peopleBPP relaticns will supply the villager with a reason and

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desire to risk his life and property for a government which for him has previously been nonexistant negative or at least politically socially and geographically distant

In FY 67 six 15-man complements of BPP were trained by the US Seabees in village level self-help projects designed for the greatest political import - by responding to the felt needs of the villager These 15-man teams form the nucleus of 35-man TC development platoons one for each police area to be used in response to villager aspirations In the process of this on-the-job training the BPPSeabee teams accomplished the following in remote border villages

9 Schools were constructed 35 Bridges were constructed 65 Culverts-were implaced 57 Wells were dug and cased

107 Water seal privies were installed 17 Storage dams were constructed

7 STOL stripe were constructed 7 New BPP Platoon Hqs barracks were constructed

272 Kilometers of road were pioneered 45 304 Villagers were treated by medics

2 600 Villagers participated directly with projects 40 000 Villagers were directly affectedby projects

The third cycle of US Seabees are presently training three more BPP counterpart teams -

Nine US technicians were approved in FY 67 and seven are now in country The US technicians have hired and are training 25 Thai specialists in the fields of education agriculture animal husbandry vet medicine and sanitation These Thai specialists young educated locals are providing the extension of the US technical advisor to more areas of the border and they provide the bridge between the US technicians and the BPP who work at the village level Thai specialists will be increased to 35 in FY 68

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The medical program of the RAS cost $400 000 in FY 67 The various cutlets of the BPP treated 50 000 patients per month around the borders of Thailand Fifty paramedics were trained as squad-level medics in basic medicinefirst aid techniques Another 250 remain to be trained which will bring to 454 or one for each squad the total number of BPP squad medics The medical program lost impetus when Embassy technicians were diverted and three US medical technicians will be contracted in FY 68 to properly supervise and monitor the civic action medical program

The BPP educational program staffs and operates 212 remote border schools All 384 school teachers had been re-trained on an annual basis but a transfer of personnel in early FY 68 depleted almost 40 percent of the trained teacher strength Retraining programs are underway to fill this gap and efforts are being made to transfer up to 25 schools each year to the Thai government ministry for support and staffing

The FY 68 target is to have each line platcon actively involved in population-commitment self-help projects at the village level The RAS personnel and support both US and Thai will be directed at assisting the platoons in developing the local populations within the platoon sphere of responsibility In FY 67 some of the most detailed intelligence gained by the BPP and which resulted in operations against communist elements were a direct result of RAS activities

Village Radio

-1 A total of 1 349 radios have been installed Regions 3 4 6 and 9 are 100 completed Region 5 has 50 of its radios installed and should be 100 completed by the end of December 1967 which will conclude all of Phase One Progress of installation of the radios has been delayed due to lack of helicopter support to enable the installation teams to reach inaccessible remote locations

2 PICCs have been prepared and submitted for 1 125 radios

plus supporting items for the implementation of Phase Two

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of this project IBM data sheets have been prepared which give current status of all radio installation to include map coordinates operating frequencies and serial number of each radio

3 A central warehouse and repair shop has been established at the Signal Division compound in Bangkok under the auspices of the TNPD Thai technicians are being trained at these facilities to repair and operate the radios and other equipment To date formal and on-the-job training has been given to 12- installationteams of three men each and 15 radio repair technicians who work in the Bangkck and regional repair shops

4 DOLA has with their own budget provided eight technicians to work with the USOM and police installation teams

FIELD OPERA TIONS

Accelerated Rural Development

During FY 67 utilizing the USRTG resources provided in the FY 64 65 and 66 Project Agreements the ARD Project (a) Constructed about 280 kilometers of all-weather road and conducted follow-up on-the-job training for 1 543 construction workers in eleven changwats (b) initiated special agricultural activities in nine of the eleven changwats (c) Ccmpleted conshystruction of overhaul shops and engineering offices in three changwats (d) Provided engineering -and equipment overhaul services at the NEARDC for the ARD changwats (e) Staffed Thai changwat planning officer positions in all 14 changwats (f) Developed changwat development goals for the fourteen changwats - including preliminary mapped five-year roadshynedwork goals And (g) developed the yearly detailed men money and materials requirements to continue the project in 14 changwats and to initiate the project in four additional changwats

Of less tangible but perhaps far greater counterinsurgency value the planning and execution of ARD projects in the changwats have

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become more nearly local government institutions designed to meet local needs The overall geographic priorities are still of necessity being set in Bangkok however the selection of specific activities and the locations within the changwats where these will be executed are tc a greater degree than ever before local options While accepting Bangkok leadership the Governors express their views on the impact of Bangkok ideas on chanswat activities with candor and vigor Recognizing the mid- and lowershylevel managerial weaknesses in the A-RD projects the Governors in fact recently seized the initiative to press the ARD Office for the establishment of an in-country training program in management principles and practices for changwat personnel

We anticipate a significant increase in productivity in FY 68 as a consequence of (a) The first quarter FY 68 receipt of the US equipment pledged in the FY 66 PrcAg - this receipt will almost double the total amount of equipment that was available during FY 67 (b) The skills maturation of the construction crews And (c) the managerial training and experience being provided ARD personnel in training sessions and on the job

Mobile Development Units

During the past year three new MDUs became operational making a total of 19 in Northern Northeastern Northwestern and Southern Thailand MDUs in 1968 will continue to increase at least at the present rate of three per year The National Security Commands (in Ministry of Defense) budget in support of MDUs is expected to double in FY 68 This increase in budget will be for both (1) new MDUs -and (2) increased inputs for established MDUs in the most critically insurgent areas

MDUs 3Nakhon Phanom 15Si Sa Ket and 4Nara Thiwas have expanded their working and learning youth program This program is designed to train village youth between the ages 15-25 in such skills as Carpentry barbering rubber tapping auto mechanics and agricultural practices By training village youth the National Security Command hopes both tc fill manpower gaps and also to deny the insurgents new recruits New-projects are under way in Uttaradit Surin and Pattani

21

Many MDUs are also now engaged in youthadult literacy classes

In November 28 operators and mechanics finished training at the Northeast Technical Institute in Korat and are now deployed in the field This training is a good example of coordination between MDU and ARD Coordination with ARD in establishment of provincial all-weather road networks is also improving in the ARD provinces Construction Company completed the first project road in Changwat Ubon Two platoon elements were deployed to Buri Ram and Si Sa Ket (Cambodian border) respectively to begin second projects while the third remained in Ubon to extend the first road

MDU development activities include roads irrigation health education agriculture livestock fisheries and vocational training In addition the MDUs operate only in areas where traditionally RTG influenceservices have been virtually non-existent

50 KW

The -50 KW transmitter located in Sakon Nakhcn Province is nowshybroadcasting 12 hours per day Station 909 as it is known in the Northeast reaches a vast audience in the most critically insurgent region of Thailand

Station 909 has been able to counter the propaganda of both Radio Hanoi and Voice of the People of Thailahd broadcasting from somewhere in Laos Already several communists have defected to local authorities saying that 9091s influence had really convinced them to give themselves up

All US Army trainerstechnicians have been phased out from the site One contract technician still remains and is working closely with the National Security Command personnel Four USIS field reporterprogramming advisors are also working closely with NSC counterparts throughout the Northeast

USG M hopes to be able to transfer complete ownership to the

Royal Thai Government in the near future

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Amphur Farmer Groups

Fourteen Amphur Farmer Groups consisting of 17 500 members from 450 village rice and agricultural clubs have been formed in six Northeastern ARD changwats Boards of Directors have been elected and a manager and staff employed The AFG managers and bookkeepers have received training in a special three-week session at Kasetsart University In additicn the AFG managers two local farm leaders per amphur and the amphur rice and agriculture officers have received two weeks participant training in Taiwan

To date ten 400-ton AFG warehouses for the storage of paddy and fertilizer have been completed and two others are 80 completed These same amphurs have also completed construction of combinashytion offices and equipment storage buildings Plans have been completed in Amphurs Chiang Khan and Dan Sai for specialized warehouses for cotton and peanuts

The majority of USOM-supplied equipment for this program from FY 66 procurement has been in country within the past 90 days and plans are being formulated for its use during the next cropping season This equipment includes farm tractors with attachments hand sprayers pickup trucks scales typewriters and duplicating machines

A production credit program for paddy was instituted in 12 of the 14 amphurs with five commercial banks furnishing credit in kind for fertilizer and pesticides The banks were assisted in this program by approximately 500 amphur officials village CD workers and selected school teachers who were trained to explain the program to farmers and assist with loan applications From 11 868 loan applicants 9 567 loans were approved and 8445 farmers actually elected to receive credit To date S 2 500 000 has been extended as credit under this program for the current crop year

A natural disaster guarantee fund has been established with USOM support to indemnify the participating banks in case of non-payment of loans because of flood drought and insect epidemics

23

In Changwat Loei credit for pesticides and sprayers amounting to $ 3 500 000 was furnished to 3 000 cotton farmers through the AFG by three private cotton companies

Future plans call for establishment of 14 new AFG in FY 68 in the ARD areas increasing membership in existing AFG establishment of a marketing credit program and intensified extension training for the AFG members

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Extension

Since the new Department of Extension is not yet in operation agricultural extension programs in Thailand are still being carried out through the Extension Divisions of the various departments of the Ministry of Agriculture The organization of the Department of Extension has been approved by the Ministry along with its functionsand responsibilities but has not yet been given official Cabinet approval Cnce Cabinet approval has been given and personnel problems are resolved the Department of Extension will carry on the present extension programs of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture initiating new programs as well Operation of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office at the Northeast Agricultural Center at Tha Phra will also be an active part of the program

At present staffing of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office has not been completed and only an Acting Regional Extension Director is stationed there Consequently training programs for

extension workers farm leaders and farmers that were originally scheduled to be done at Tha Phra have been carried out by the Extension Divisions of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture

In the sensitive changwats of Northeast Thailand so far in 1967 the Department of Agriculture has conducted four five-day Amphur Officer training meetingz with 237 officers receiving the training Department policies new programs crops and techniques were included in the training program Five four-day training

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meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

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Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

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Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

28

The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

33

Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

9

A proposal based upon studies of the Secretariats Office Finance

Division Planning and Research Division and Crime Records Office was prepared in November 1966 for the development of a

TNPD Management Information System An interim payroll system

was designedand implemented in April 1967 utilizing automatic data processing (ADP) equipment

Offices and housing space for ADP equipment were provided for in a

building constructed by TNPD national budget in April 1967

Furnishings and equipment were funded by FY 67 baht counterpart

Basic ADP key-punch and verifying equipment was ordered and

installed in FY 67 and basic programming training was given

locally to five TNPD personnel

A new Incident Report Form was designed and tested

N Signal Division

The policy of channeling all telecommunication support for all

divisions of the TNPD through the Signal Division has been firmly established

Seven Thai police officers have received participant telecommunishy

cation training in the United States and are now working in key

positions within the TNPD Signal Division

225 new members of the TNPD Signal Division have been recruited

and are undergoing training

A telecommunication technician and operators school has been

established and equipped Two classes of 32 each have graduated and a third is in progress

Sufficient test equipment tools and spare parts are now on hand to

initially stock and equip the Bangkok facilities and the regional

repair shops

The services of three US direct hire and two US personal

service contract advisors were provided In addition USOM is

10

providing one direct hire and two contract Thai technicians who are paid from counterpart trust funds There are also 50 Thai technishycians and 12 Thai engineers who are paid from counterpart funds assisting with the project

The transmitter receiver and message center buildings which will house the personnel and equipment for the headquarters base station of the country-wide network in Bangkok were completed in tugust of 1967 It will take approximately 45 days to install the telecommunication equipment which is already in-country

210 of the first phase Police Tambol Stations have been radio equipped As additional stations are constructed radio equipment is being installed Phase two (FY 67) consists of 125 new stations and the radios have been ordered

Regional repair shops are completed and operaticnal in Regions 4 6 and 9 and are nearing completion in all other regions

A modern central depot warehouse has been constructed in Bangkok

A modern depot repair shop has been established in Bangkok The existing facility is in a temporary location however a modern two- story building is under construction

Construction is completed on the Bangkok mobile repair shop tdequate test equipment tools and spare parts are on hand to service the VHF-FM mobile and base station radios presently being utilized by various TNPD agencies

The first 23 Special Action Force units have been radio equipped and sufficient equipment is on order to take care of planned expansion of the SAF

40 FM-5 radios have been issued the provincial police 23 single side band radios 701 FM-5 radios 300 FM-l radios and 12 HT-2 ground-to-air radios were ordered from FY 1966 funding This equipment started to arrive in August 1967 and is being processed for issue An additional 50 single side band radios 716 FM-5 400 FM-l and 50 ground-to-air radios were ordered in FY 1967

11

Equipment has been ordered to up-dte the Marine Police network both ship and shore stations This equipment has started to arrive and the Marine Police Telecom Section is installing it on boats and at shore installations

The Bangkok Metropolitan Police have received 56 base stations and 69 mobile stations which have been installed and are operational 63 FM-5 and 60 FM-i radios are on orderfcr them and delivery should commence in October of 1967 20 mobile stations 180 FM-5 and 90 FM-i radios were ordered for them with FY 1967 funds This equipment will expand the existing system down to the Kiosk level

The following equipment was provided the Crime Suppression Division from FY 1966 funding 1 VHF-FM 120-watt base station and 6 FM-i radice 1967 funding provided 28 30-watt VHF-FM mobile radios 10 FM-i radios and 10 FM-5 radios In addition all of their existing equipment has been overhauled and a 90-foot tower with a high gain antenna installed for use with their Bangkok base station

The Highway Patrol has received 66 VHF-FM mobile radios and 22 VHF-FM base stations These radios are deployed at fixed points and in patrol vehicles along the major highways and in Bangkok In order to further extend their systems coverage 20 more mobile and 11 base stations will be provided with FY 67 funds A continuing maintenance program has been established for their overall system and antenna towers with high-gain antennas erected in many critical areas

Seven HF single side band radios have arrived in country for the Railway Police 50 FM-5 and 100 FM-1 radios were also ordered with FY 66 funding for them Six additional single side band radios 146 FM-5 and 252 FM-i radios have been ordered from FY 67 funding 27 memberS of the Railway Police have graduated from a special class on communications given by the TNPD Signal Division

12

The TNPD Education Division has received specialized instruction on communication subjects and has been provided radio equipment of the same type utilized by operational elements of the TNPD

24 VHF-FM mobile and six base station radios were ordered in FY 67 to completely up-date the CID system Antennas towers and other accessories will also be provided and installed

A telecommunicaticn network for the TNPD Air Wing has been designed and suitable equipment ordered for them to enable pointshyto-point radio communication between their various air fields and also between ground stations and aircraft in flight

0 Education Bureau

In order to meet the increased demand for both Provincial Police and Border Patrcl Police agreed to in the FY 65 ProAg the capacity of the four Provincial Police recruit schools was raised from 1440 men graduating in two classes a year to 4 800 in 2-12 classes a year At the close of FY 66 activity targets for the Education Bureau for the following year increased with a requireshyment for an additional 1 550 constable recruits to be trained by the end of June 1967 By increasing the company strengths from 90 to 120 men and adding four additional recruit ccmpanies this goal was met

As a result of TNPD force expansion to meet the increasing insurgency it was agreed in the FY 67 ProAg to train an additional force of 11 550 men by the end of December 1968 This is being accomplished expanding all companies in all schools to 180 men each This will produce a total of 4860 men graduating in 2-12 classes per year or an znnual average of 12 150 men

An analysis of the Metropolitan Recruit Training Program was made and an up-graded curriculum will be introduced in FY 68 which will improve the training

13

P Aviation Division

Since the concept of the centralized TNPD Aviation was agreed to in June of 1966 considerable progress has been made The maintenance advisory contract (first signed in 1962) has been expanded to include the support of all TNPD aircraft and is being renegotiated to include such services as on-call maintehance personnel and to stipulate the objective of building an in-house capability of the TNPD to perform aircraft maintenance From FY 66 funds six utility and 16 LOH type helicopters have been contracted for and will be delivered during FY 68 Thirty TNPD officers were sent to the US in FY 67 for helicopter training and 26 of them are expected to report for flying duty with the Aviation Division by December 1967

Additionally a USOMTNPD plan for the expansion of the Thai Civil Aviation Training Center (CATC) to include helicopter training has been approved in principle and it is anticipated that 24 pilots per year will be made available to the TNPD from this source Plans for the construction of 2 TNPD aircraft hangars at Bangkok and 8 helicopter hangars and 15 crew quarters upcountry are complete 18 15 500 000 from FY 66 and FY 67 counterpart funds was approve d for this purpose and contracts have been awarded In FY 67 the TNPD screened some 300 constables for US -sponsored helicopter mechanic training in Taiwan 45 were selected and sent The TNPD is planning to dispose of obsolete and undesirable aircraft which have not been utilized effectively and which have been an undue maintenance burden This action will bring about a considerable alleviation in the overall problems of supporting and maintaining 12 different types of aircraft Agreement to and implementation of a number of changes in operating and maintenance procedures has resulted in an improved safer air support program The concept of a centralized Aviation Division has been accepted in a manner which portends full cooperation in attaining the desired increased air support for all TNPD elements

The TNPD budgeted and purchased its first large STOL aircraft a Canadian built DeHaviland Caribou in FY 66 for delivery in FY 67 a second airplane was purchased in FY 67 for delivery in

14

FY 68 These two Caribous costing $ 18 000 000 each are outstanding hcst country self-help contributions to the air support capability of the Aviation Division It is anticipated that all TNPD large transportSTOL requirements will be met by these aircraft

Q Quartermaster Division

Embodied in this sub-project are the following TNPD divisions which were listed as separate sub-projects in the FY 67 ProAg Quartermaster Management Armament Vehicle Maintenance

(a) Quartermaster

Four building projects were initiated with completion due prior to December 31 1967

1 Test Range Improvements and Soundprcofing shycounterpart funds and US Government excess property

2 Guard Facilities and Offices - baht counterpart

3 Food Canteen - TNPD budget

4 Supply and storage facility near Automotive Rebuild shybaht ccunterpart

The QM area has been paved with asphalt - TNPD budget

Q1Li developed a program to store material salvaged from incoming boxes This is used to make crates andcr boxes for outgoing articles as necessary

(b) rmament

Reloading equipment for caliber 38 ammunition arrived in-country was set up and production began in May 1967

Gunsmiths have been trained for mobile repair teams These teams to be based at the TNPD Quartermaster Depot in Bangkok

15

will travel tc and from work at Regional Headquarters Changwad and Amphur stations to lessen the down time involved with

weapons which have heretofore necessarily been sent to Bangkok for repair Twenty men have been partially trained Approxishy

mately 4 000 Mossberg bolt action shotguns were modified and

repaired by the mobile gunsmithing teams during the year

Individual on-the-job training for gunsmiths in the machine shop

has been on an as-needed basis and has resulted in increased

efficiency in both fields The machine shop has become proficient

in weapons parts making

TNPD regulations concerning weapons repair have been revised

allowing more flexibility and relaxing previous stern measures

which hampered training and in effect restricted use of weapons

Obsolete weapons have been almost entirely turned in and replaced

by modern arms mostly USOM provided

(c) Vehicle Maintenance

As of November 1967 11 field garages have been built by joint

ThaiUSOM funding The BPP have four garages completed and

three under construction USOM funded the tocling and American

made vehicle parts fcr all of the field garages and the QM Nine

shops have been staffed and have had training in the use of their

tools and equipment A new parts warehouse is now under

construction at the QM counterpart funded Eighty-five mechanics

have had various levels of training

R Petroleum Suppcrt

The Petroleum program was apprcved in September 1966 US dollar funding was $500 000 in FY 66 and $735 000 in FY 67 The TNPD contributed counterpart funds amounting to $ 2 000 000 in FY 66 and $ 400 000 in FY 67 for transportation and distribution

of the petroleum

16

Tickets and control measures were developed and approved in April 1967 Petroleum started flowing in May 1967 As of November 1967 all divisions of the TNPD are receiving petroleum and books to draw fuel have been distributed to all regions of the Kingdom

As a result of this program TNPD patrol activity has increased and has resulted in around-the-clock law enforcement All units receiving petroleum such as Marine Pclice Aviation Division Highway Patrol Provincial Police and Border Patrol Police have recorded increase -in arrests resulting in their being a greater deterrent to insurgency and crime in all are-as

By the prcvisicn of increased petroleum allowances permitting operation of generators and battery chargers it is now possible for police field units to use their radios to meet increased reporting schedules thus providing better protection for the villagers

The Marine Police as a direct result of the petrcleum support program combined with receipt of new high-speed patrol craft have initiated Z4-hour-a-day patrol on the river and smashed a smugglers ring Also provision of petroleum has freed their POL budget to a1cw them to pay up back per diem accounts and POL bills

Remote Area Security

The RAS project is targeted to assist the BPP in fulfilling one of their assigned border security responsibilities - the creation of a friendly cooperating local population firmly commited to Thailand and willing to support the RTGBPP in identifying locating and eliminating communist subversives in the border regions

The RAS program brings the BPP into otherwise isolated villages tc invoke and provide positive improvements in the villagers living conditions as well as an expanded prospect for the future The objective of the RAS program is to involve the villager in his own development so that the projects their explanation and the peopleBPP relaticns will supply the villager with a reason and

17

desire to risk his life and property for a government which for him has previously been nonexistant negative or at least politically socially and geographically distant

In FY 67 six 15-man complements of BPP were trained by the US Seabees in village level self-help projects designed for the greatest political import - by responding to the felt needs of the villager These 15-man teams form the nucleus of 35-man TC development platoons one for each police area to be used in response to villager aspirations In the process of this on-the-job training the BPPSeabee teams accomplished the following in remote border villages

9 Schools were constructed 35 Bridges were constructed 65 Culverts-were implaced 57 Wells were dug and cased

107 Water seal privies were installed 17 Storage dams were constructed

7 STOL stripe were constructed 7 New BPP Platoon Hqs barracks were constructed

272 Kilometers of road were pioneered 45 304 Villagers were treated by medics

2 600 Villagers participated directly with projects 40 000 Villagers were directly affectedby projects

The third cycle of US Seabees are presently training three more BPP counterpart teams -

Nine US technicians were approved in FY 67 and seven are now in country The US technicians have hired and are training 25 Thai specialists in the fields of education agriculture animal husbandry vet medicine and sanitation These Thai specialists young educated locals are providing the extension of the US technical advisor to more areas of the border and they provide the bridge between the US technicians and the BPP who work at the village level Thai specialists will be increased to 35 in FY 68

18

The medical program of the RAS cost $400 000 in FY 67 The various cutlets of the BPP treated 50 000 patients per month around the borders of Thailand Fifty paramedics were trained as squad-level medics in basic medicinefirst aid techniques Another 250 remain to be trained which will bring to 454 or one for each squad the total number of BPP squad medics The medical program lost impetus when Embassy technicians were diverted and three US medical technicians will be contracted in FY 68 to properly supervise and monitor the civic action medical program

The BPP educational program staffs and operates 212 remote border schools All 384 school teachers had been re-trained on an annual basis but a transfer of personnel in early FY 68 depleted almost 40 percent of the trained teacher strength Retraining programs are underway to fill this gap and efforts are being made to transfer up to 25 schools each year to the Thai government ministry for support and staffing

The FY 68 target is to have each line platcon actively involved in population-commitment self-help projects at the village level The RAS personnel and support both US and Thai will be directed at assisting the platoons in developing the local populations within the platoon sphere of responsibility In FY 67 some of the most detailed intelligence gained by the BPP and which resulted in operations against communist elements were a direct result of RAS activities

Village Radio

-1 A total of 1 349 radios have been installed Regions 3 4 6 and 9 are 100 completed Region 5 has 50 of its radios installed and should be 100 completed by the end of December 1967 which will conclude all of Phase One Progress of installation of the radios has been delayed due to lack of helicopter support to enable the installation teams to reach inaccessible remote locations

2 PICCs have been prepared and submitted for 1 125 radios

plus supporting items for the implementation of Phase Two

19

of this project IBM data sheets have been prepared which give current status of all radio installation to include map coordinates operating frequencies and serial number of each radio

3 A central warehouse and repair shop has been established at the Signal Division compound in Bangkok under the auspices of the TNPD Thai technicians are being trained at these facilities to repair and operate the radios and other equipment To date formal and on-the-job training has been given to 12- installationteams of three men each and 15 radio repair technicians who work in the Bangkck and regional repair shops

4 DOLA has with their own budget provided eight technicians to work with the USOM and police installation teams

FIELD OPERA TIONS

Accelerated Rural Development

During FY 67 utilizing the USRTG resources provided in the FY 64 65 and 66 Project Agreements the ARD Project (a) Constructed about 280 kilometers of all-weather road and conducted follow-up on-the-job training for 1 543 construction workers in eleven changwats (b) initiated special agricultural activities in nine of the eleven changwats (c) Ccmpleted conshystruction of overhaul shops and engineering offices in three changwats (d) Provided engineering -and equipment overhaul services at the NEARDC for the ARD changwats (e) Staffed Thai changwat planning officer positions in all 14 changwats (f) Developed changwat development goals for the fourteen changwats - including preliminary mapped five-year roadshynedwork goals And (g) developed the yearly detailed men money and materials requirements to continue the project in 14 changwats and to initiate the project in four additional changwats

Of less tangible but perhaps far greater counterinsurgency value the planning and execution of ARD projects in the changwats have

20

become more nearly local government institutions designed to meet local needs The overall geographic priorities are still of necessity being set in Bangkok however the selection of specific activities and the locations within the changwats where these will be executed are tc a greater degree than ever before local options While accepting Bangkok leadership the Governors express their views on the impact of Bangkok ideas on chanswat activities with candor and vigor Recognizing the mid- and lowershylevel managerial weaknesses in the A-RD projects the Governors in fact recently seized the initiative to press the ARD Office for the establishment of an in-country training program in management principles and practices for changwat personnel

We anticipate a significant increase in productivity in FY 68 as a consequence of (a) The first quarter FY 68 receipt of the US equipment pledged in the FY 66 PrcAg - this receipt will almost double the total amount of equipment that was available during FY 67 (b) The skills maturation of the construction crews And (c) the managerial training and experience being provided ARD personnel in training sessions and on the job

Mobile Development Units

During the past year three new MDUs became operational making a total of 19 in Northern Northeastern Northwestern and Southern Thailand MDUs in 1968 will continue to increase at least at the present rate of three per year The National Security Commands (in Ministry of Defense) budget in support of MDUs is expected to double in FY 68 This increase in budget will be for both (1) new MDUs -and (2) increased inputs for established MDUs in the most critically insurgent areas

MDUs 3Nakhon Phanom 15Si Sa Ket and 4Nara Thiwas have expanded their working and learning youth program This program is designed to train village youth between the ages 15-25 in such skills as Carpentry barbering rubber tapping auto mechanics and agricultural practices By training village youth the National Security Command hopes both tc fill manpower gaps and also to deny the insurgents new recruits New-projects are under way in Uttaradit Surin and Pattani

21

Many MDUs are also now engaged in youthadult literacy classes

In November 28 operators and mechanics finished training at the Northeast Technical Institute in Korat and are now deployed in the field This training is a good example of coordination between MDU and ARD Coordination with ARD in establishment of provincial all-weather road networks is also improving in the ARD provinces Construction Company completed the first project road in Changwat Ubon Two platoon elements were deployed to Buri Ram and Si Sa Ket (Cambodian border) respectively to begin second projects while the third remained in Ubon to extend the first road

MDU development activities include roads irrigation health education agriculture livestock fisheries and vocational training In addition the MDUs operate only in areas where traditionally RTG influenceservices have been virtually non-existent

50 KW

The -50 KW transmitter located in Sakon Nakhcn Province is nowshybroadcasting 12 hours per day Station 909 as it is known in the Northeast reaches a vast audience in the most critically insurgent region of Thailand

Station 909 has been able to counter the propaganda of both Radio Hanoi and Voice of the People of Thailahd broadcasting from somewhere in Laos Already several communists have defected to local authorities saying that 9091s influence had really convinced them to give themselves up

All US Army trainerstechnicians have been phased out from the site One contract technician still remains and is working closely with the National Security Command personnel Four USIS field reporterprogramming advisors are also working closely with NSC counterparts throughout the Northeast

USG M hopes to be able to transfer complete ownership to the

Royal Thai Government in the near future

22

Amphur Farmer Groups

Fourteen Amphur Farmer Groups consisting of 17 500 members from 450 village rice and agricultural clubs have been formed in six Northeastern ARD changwats Boards of Directors have been elected and a manager and staff employed The AFG managers and bookkeepers have received training in a special three-week session at Kasetsart University In additicn the AFG managers two local farm leaders per amphur and the amphur rice and agriculture officers have received two weeks participant training in Taiwan

To date ten 400-ton AFG warehouses for the storage of paddy and fertilizer have been completed and two others are 80 completed These same amphurs have also completed construction of combinashytion offices and equipment storage buildings Plans have been completed in Amphurs Chiang Khan and Dan Sai for specialized warehouses for cotton and peanuts

The majority of USOM-supplied equipment for this program from FY 66 procurement has been in country within the past 90 days and plans are being formulated for its use during the next cropping season This equipment includes farm tractors with attachments hand sprayers pickup trucks scales typewriters and duplicating machines

A production credit program for paddy was instituted in 12 of the 14 amphurs with five commercial banks furnishing credit in kind for fertilizer and pesticides The banks were assisted in this program by approximately 500 amphur officials village CD workers and selected school teachers who were trained to explain the program to farmers and assist with loan applications From 11 868 loan applicants 9 567 loans were approved and 8445 farmers actually elected to receive credit To date S 2 500 000 has been extended as credit under this program for the current crop year

A natural disaster guarantee fund has been established with USOM support to indemnify the participating banks in case of non-payment of loans because of flood drought and insect epidemics

23

In Changwat Loei credit for pesticides and sprayers amounting to $ 3 500 000 was furnished to 3 000 cotton farmers through the AFG by three private cotton companies

Future plans call for establishment of 14 new AFG in FY 68 in the ARD areas increasing membership in existing AFG establishment of a marketing credit program and intensified extension training for the AFG members

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Extension

Since the new Department of Extension is not yet in operation agricultural extension programs in Thailand are still being carried out through the Extension Divisions of the various departments of the Ministry of Agriculture The organization of the Department of Extension has been approved by the Ministry along with its functionsand responsibilities but has not yet been given official Cabinet approval Cnce Cabinet approval has been given and personnel problems are resolved the Department of Extension will carry on the present extension programs of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture initiating new programs as well Operation of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office at the Northeast Agricultural Center at Tha Phra will also be an active part of the program

At present staffing of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office has not been completed and only an Acting Regional Extension Director is stationed there Consequently training programs for

extension workers farm leaders and farmers that were originally scheduled to be done at Tha Phra have been carried out by the Extension Divisions of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture

In the sensitive changwats of Northeast Thailand so far in 1967 the Department of Agriculture has conducted four five-day Amphur Officer training meetingz with 237 officers receiving the training Department policies new programs crops and techniques were included in the training program Five four-day training

24

meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

26

Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

27

Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

28

The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

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Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

10

providing one direct hire and two contract Thai technicians who are paid from counterpart trust funds There are also 50 Thai technishycians and 12 Thai engineers who are paid from counterpart funds assisting with the project

The transmitter receiver and message center buildings which will house the personnel and equipment for the headquarters base station of the country-wide network in Bangkok were completed in tugust of 1967 It will take approximately 45 days to install the telecommunication equipment which is already in-country

210 of the first phase Police Tambol Stations have been radio equipped As additional stations are constructed radio equipment is being installed Phase two (FY 67) consists of 125 new stations and the radios have been ordered

Regional repair shops are completed and operaticnal in Regions 4 6 and 9 and are nearing completion in all other regions

A modern central depot warehouse has been constructed in Bangkok

A modern depot repair shop has been established in Bangkok The existing facility is in a temporary location however a modern two- story building is under construction

Construction is completed on the Bangkok mobile repair shop tdequate test equipment tools and spare parts are on hand to service the VHF-FM mobile and base station radios presently being utilized by various TNPD agencies

The first 23 Special Action Force units have been radio equipped and sufficient equipment is on order to take care of planned expansion of the SAF

40 FM-5 radios have been issued the provincial police 23 single side band radios 701 FM-5 radios 300 FM-l radios and 12 HT-2 ground-to-air radios were ordered from FY 1966 funding This equipment started to arrive in August 1967 and is being processed for issue An additional 50 single side band radios 716 FM-5 400 FM-l and 50 ground-to-air radios were ordered in FY 1967

11

Equipment has been ordered to up-dte the Marine Police network both ship and shore stations This equipment has started to arrive and the Marine Police Telecom Section is installing it on boats and at shore installations

The Bangkok Metropolitan Police have received 56 base stations and 69 mobile stations which have been installed and are operational 63 FM-5 and 60 FM-i radios are on orderfcr them and delivery should commence in October of 1967 20 mobile stations 180 FM-5 and 90 FM-i radios were ordered for them with FY 1967 funds This equipment will expand the existing system down to the Kiosk level

The following equipment was provided the Crime Suppression Division from FY 1966 funding 1 VHF-FM 120-watt base station and 6 FM-i radice 1967 funding provided 28 30-watt VHF-FM mobile radios 10 FM-i radios and 10 FM-5 radios In addition all of their existing equipment has been overhauled and a 90-foot tower with a high gain antenna installed for use with their Bangkok base station

The Highway Patrol has received 66 VHF-FM mobile radios and 22 VHF-FM base stations These radios are deployed at fixed points and in patrol vehicles along the major highways and in Bangkok In order to further extend their systems coverage 20 more mobile and 11 base stations will be provided with FY 67 funds A continuing maintenance program has been established for their overall system and antenna towers with high-gain antennas erected in many critical areas

Seven HF single side band radios have arrived in country for the Railway Police 50 FM-5 and 100 FM-1 radios were also ordered with FY 66 funding for them Six additional single side band radios 146 FM-5 and 252 FM-i radios have been ordered from FY 67 funding 27 memberS of the Railway Police have graduated from a special class on communications given by the TNPD Signal Division

12

The TNPD Education Division has received specialized instruction on communication subjects and has been provided radio equipment of the same type utilized by operational elements of the TNPD

24 VHF-FM mobile and six base station radios were ordered in FY 67 to completely up-date the CID system Antennas towers and other accessories will also be provided and installed

A telecommunicaticn network for the TNPD Air Wing has been designed and suitable equipment ordered for them to enable pointshyto-point radio communication between their various air fields and also between ground stations and aircraft in flight

0 Education Bureau

In order to meet the increased demand for both Provincial Police and Border Patrcl Police agreed to in the FY 65 ProAg the capacity of the four Provincial Police recruit schools was raised from 1440 men graduating in two classes a year to 4 800 in 2-12 classes a year At the close of FY 66 activity targets for the Education Bureau for the following year increased with a requireshyment for an additional 1 550 constable recruits to be trained by the end of June 1967 By increasing the company strengths from 90 to 120 men and adding four additional recruit ccmpanies this goal was met

As a result of TNPD force expansion to meet the increasing insurgency it was agreed in the FY 67 ProAg to train an additional force of 11 550 men by the end of December 1968 This is being accomplished expanding all companies in all schools to 180 men each This will produce a total of 4860 men graduating in 2-12 classes per year or an znnual average of 12 150 men

An analysis of the Metropolitan Recruit Training Program was made and an up-graded curriculum will be introduced in FY 68 which will improve the training

13

P Aviation Division

Since the concept of the centralized TNPD Aviation was agreed to in June of 1966 considerable progress has been made The maintenance advisory contract (first signed in 1962) has been expanded to include the support of all TNPD aircraft and is being renegotiated to include such services as on-call maintehance personnel and to stipulate the objective of building an in-house capability of the TNPD to perform aircraft maintenance From FY 66 funds six utility and 16 LOH type helicopters have been contracted for and will be delivered during FY 68 Thirty TNPD officers were sent to the US in FY 67 for helicopter training and 26 of them are expected to report for flying duty with the Aviation Division by December 1967

Additionally a USOMTNPD plan for the expansion of the Thai Civil Aviation Training Center (CATC) to include helicopter training has been approved in principle and it is anticipated that 24 pilots per year will be made available to the TNPD from this source Plans for the construction of 2 TNPD aircraft hangars at Bangkok and 8 helicopter hangars and 15 crew quarters upcountry are complete 18 15 500 000 from FY 66 and FY 67 counterpart funds was approve d for this purpose and contracts have been awarded In FY 67 the TNPD screened some 300 constables for US -sponsored helicopter mechanic training in Taiwan 45 were selected and sent The TNPD is planning to dispose of obsolete and undesirable aircraft which have not been utilized effectively and which have been an undue maintenance burden This action will bring about a considerable alleviation in the overall problems of supporting and maintaining 12 different types of aircraft Agreement to and implementation of a number of changes in operating and maintenance procedures has resulted in an improved safer air support program The concept of a centralized Aviation Division has been accepted in a manner which portends full cooperation in attaining the desired increased air support for all TNPD elements

The TNPD budgeted and purchased its first large STOL aircraft a Canadian built DeHaviland Caribou in FY 66 for delivery in FY 67 a second airplane was purchased in FY 67 for delivery in

14

FY 68 These two Caribous costing $ 18 000 000 each are outstanding hcst country self-help contributions to the air support capability of the Aviation Division It is anticipated that all TNPD large transportSTOL requirements will be met by these aircraft

Q Quartermaster Division

Embodied in this sub-project are the following TNPD divisions which were listed as separate sub-projects in the FY 67 ProAg Quartermaster Management Armament Vehicle Maintenance

(a) Quartermaster

Four building projects were initiated with completion due prior to December 31 1967

1 Test Range Improvements and Soundprcofing shycounterpart funds and US Government excess property

2 Guard Facilities and Offices - baht counterpart

3 Food Canteen - TNPD budget

4 Supply and storage facility near Automotive Rebuild shybaht ccunterpart

The QM area has been paved with asphalt - TNPD budget

Q1Li developed a program to store material salvaged from incoming boxes This is used to make crates andcr boxes for outgoing articles as necessary

(b) rmament

Reloading equipment for caliber 38 ammunition arrived in-country was set up and production began in May 1967

Gunsmiths have been trained for mobile repair teams These teams to be based at the TNPD Quartermaster Depot in Bangkok

15

will travel tc and from work at Regional Headquarters Changwad and Amphur stations to lessen the down time involved with

weapons which have heretofore necessarily been sent to Bangkok for repair Twenty men have been partially trained Approxishy

mately 4 000 Mossberg bolt action shotguns were modified and

repaired by the mobile gunsmithing teams during the year

Individual on-the-job training for gunsmiths in the machine shop

has been on an as-needed basis and has resulted in increased

efficiency in both fields The machine shop has become proficient

in weapons parts making

TNPD regulations concerning weapons repair have been revised

allowing more flexibility and relaxing previous stern measures

which hampered training and in effect restricted use of weapons

Obsolete weapons have been almost entirely turned in and replaced

by modern arms mostly USOM provided

(c) Vehicle Maintenance

As of November 1967 11 field garages have been built by joint

ThaiUSOM funding The BPP have four garages completed and

three under construction USOM funded the tocling and American

made vehicle parts fcr all of the field garages and the QM Nine

shops have been staffed and have had training in the use of their

tools and equipment A new parts warehouse is now under

construction at the QM counterpart funded Eighty-five mechanics

have had various levels of training

R Petroleum Suppcrt

The Petroleum program was apprcved in September 1966 US dollar funding was $500 000 in FY 66 and $735 000 in FY 67 The TNPD contributed counterpart funds amounting to $ 2 000 000 in FY 66 and $ 400 000 in FY 67 for transportation and distribution

of the petroleum

16

Tickets and control measures were developed and approved in April 1967 Petroleum started flowing in May 1967 As of November 1967 all divisions of the TNPD are receiving petroleum and books to draw fuel have been distributed to all regions of the Kingdom

As a result of this program TNPD patrol activity has increased and has resulted in around-the-clock law enforcement All units receiving petroleum such as Marine Pclice Aviation Division Highway Patrol Provincial Police and Border Patrol Police have recorded increase -in arrests resulting in their being a greater deterrent to insurgency and crime in all are-as

By the prcvisicn of increased petroleum allowances permitting operation of generators and battery chargers it is now possible for police field units to use their radios to meet increased reporting schedules thus providing better protection for the villagers

The Marine Police as a direct result of the petrcleum support program combined with receipt of new high-speed patrol craft have initiated Z4-hour-a-day patrol on the river and smashed a smugglers ring Also provision of petroleum has freed their POL budget to a1cw them to pay up back per diem accounts and POL bills

Remote Area Security

The RAS project is targeted to assist the BPP in fulfilling one of their assigned border security responsibilities - the creation of a friendly cooperating local population firmly commited to Thailand and willing to support the RTGBPP in identifying locating and eliminating communist subversives in the border regions

The RAS program brings the BPP into otherwise isolated villages tc invoke and provide positive improvements in the villagers living conditions as well as an expanded prospect for the future The objective of the RAS program is to involve the villager in his own development so that the projects their explanation and the peopleBPP relaticns will supply the villager with a reason and

17

desire to risk his life and property for a government which for him has previously been nonexistant negative or at least politically socially and geographically distant

In FY 67 six 15-man complements of BPP were trained by the US Seabees in village level self-help projects designed for the greatest political import - by responding to the felt needs of the villager These 15-man teams form the nucleus of 35-man TC development platoons one for each police area to be used in response to villager aspirations In the process of this on-the-job training the BPPSeabee teams accomplished the following in remote border villages

9 Schools were constructed 35 Bridges were constructed 65 Culverts-were implaced 57 Wells were dug and cased

107 Water seal privies were installed 17 Storage dams were constructed

7 STOL stripe were constructed 7 New BPP Platoon Hqs barracks were constructed

272 Kilometers of road were pioneered 45 304 Villagers were treated by medics

2 600 Villagers participated directly with projects 40 000 Villagers were directly affectedby projects

The third cycle of US Seabees are presently training three more BPP counterpart teams -

Nine US technicians were approved in FY 67 and seven are now in country The US technicians have hired and are training 25 Thai specialists in the fields of education agriculture animal husbandry vet medicine and sanitation These Thai specialists young educated locals are providing the extension of the US technical advisor to more areas of the border and they provide the bridge between the US technicians and the BPP who work at the village level Thai specialists will be increased to 35 in FY 68

18

The medical program of the RAS cost $400 000 in FY 67 The various cutlets of the BPP treated 50 000 patients per month around the borders of Thailand Fifty paramedics were trained as squad-level medics in basic medicinefirst aid techniques Another 250 remain to be trained which will bring to 454 or one for each squad the total number of BPP squad medics The medical program lost impetus when Embassy technicians were diverted and three US medical technicians will be contracted in FY 68 to properly supervise and monitor the civic action medical program

The BPP educational program staffs and operates 212 remote border schools All 384 school teachers had been re-trained on an annual basis but a transfer of personnel in early FY 68 depleted almost 40 percent of the trained teacher strength Retraining programs are underway to fill this gap and efforts are being made to transfer up to 25 schools each year to the Thai government ministry for support and staffing

The FY 68 target is to have each line platcon actively involved in population-commitment self-help projects at the village level The RAS personnel and support both US and Thai will be directed at assisting the platoons in developing the local populations within the platoon sphere of responsibility In FY 67 some of the most detailed intelligence gained by the BPP and which resulted in operations against communist elements were a direct result of RAS activities

Village Radio

-1 A total of 1 349 radios have been installed Regions 3 4 6 and 9 are 100 completed Region 5 has 50 of its radios installed and should be 100 completed by the end of December 1967 which will conclude all of Phase One Progress of installation of the radios has been delayed due to lack of helicopter support to enable the installation teams to reach inaccessible remote locations

2 PICCs have been prepared and submitted for 1 125 radios

plus supporting items for the implementation of Phase Two

19

of this project IBM data sheets have been prepared which give current status of all radio installation to include map coordinates operating frequencies and serial number of each radio

3 A central warehouse and repair shop has been established at the Signal Division compound in Bangkok under the auspices of the TNPD Thai technicians are being trained at these facilities to repair and operate the radios and other equipment To date formal and on-the-job training has been given to 12- installationteams of three men each and 15 radio repair technicians who work in the Bangkck and regional repair shops

4 DOLA has with their own budget provided eight technicians to work with the USOM and police installation teams

FIELD OPERA TIONS

Accelerated Rural Development

During FY 67 utilizing the USRTG resources provided in the FY 64 65 and 66 Project Agreements the ARD Project (a) Constructed about 280 kilometers of all-weather road and conducted follow-up on-the-job training for 1 543 construction workers in eleven changwats (b) initiated special agricultural activities in nine of the eleven changwats (c) Ccmpleted conshystruction of overhaul shops and engineering offices in three changwats (d) Provided engineering -and equipment overhaul services at the NEARDC for the ARD changwats (e) Staffed Thai changwat planning officer positions in all 14 changwats (f) Developed changwat development goals for the fourteen changwats - including preliminary mapped five-year roadshynedwork goals And (g) developed the yearly detailed men money and materials requirements to continue the project in 14 changwats and to initiate the project in four additional changwats

Of less tangible but perhaps far greater counterinsurgency value the planning and execution of ARD projects in the changwats have

20

become more nearly local government institutions designed to meet local needs The overall geographic priorities are still of necessity being set in Bangkok however the selection of specific activities and the locations within the changwats where these will be executed are tc a greater degree than ever before local options While accepting Bangkok leadership the Governors express their views on the impact of Bangkok ideas on chanswat activities with candor and vigor Recognizing the mid- and lowershylevel managerial weaknesses in the A-RD projects the Governors in fact recently seized the initiative to press the ARD Office for the establishment of an in-country training program in management principles and practices for changwat personnel

We anticipate a significant increase in productivity in FY 68 as a consequence of (a) The first quarter FY 68 receipt of the US equipment pledged in the FY 66 PrcAg - this receipt will almost double the total amount of equipment that was available during FY 67 (b) The skills maturation of the construction crews And (c) the managerial training and experience being provided ARD personnel in training sessions and on the job

Mobile Development Units

During the past year three new MDUs became operational making a total of 19 in Northern Northeastern Northwestern and Southern Thailand MDUs in 1968 will continue to increase at least at the present rate of three per year The National Security Commands (in Ministry of Defense) budget in support of MDUs is expected to double in FY 68 This increase in budget will be for both (1) new MDUs -and (2) increased inputs for established MDUs in the most critically insurgent areas

MDUs 3Nakhon Phanom 15Si Sa Ket and 4Nara Thiwas have expanded their working and learning youth program This program is designed to train village youth between the ages 15-25 in such skills as Carpentry barbering rubber tapping auto mechanics and agricultural practices By training village youth the National Security Command hopes both tc fill manpower gaps and also to deny the insurgents new recruits New-projects are under way in Uttaradit Surin and Pattani

21

Many MDUs are also now engaged in youthadult literacy classes

In November 28 operators and mechanics finished training at the Northeast Technical Institute in Korat and are now deployed in the field This training is a good example of coordination between MDU and ARD Coordination with ARD in establishment of provincial all-weather road networks is also improving in the ARD provinces Construction Company completed the first project road in Changwat Ubon Two platoon elements were deployed to Buri Ram and Si Sa Ket (Cambodian border) respectively to begin second projects while the third remained in Ubon to extend the first road

MDU development activities include roads irrigation health education agriculture livestock fisheries and vocational training In addition the MDUs operate only in areas where traditionally RTG influenceservices have been virtually non-existent

50 KW

The -50 KW transmitter located in Sakon Nakhcn Province is nowshybroadcasting 12 hours per day Station 909 as it is known in the Northeast reaches a vast audience in the most critically insurgent region of Thailand

Station 909 has been able to counter the propaganda of both Radio Hanoi and Voice of the People of Thailahd broadcasting from somewhere in Laos Already several communists have defected to local authorities saying that 9091s influence had really convinced them to give themselves up

All US Army trainerstechnicians have been phased out from the site One contract technician still remains and is working closely with the National Security Command personnel Four USIS field reporterprogramming advisors are also working closely with NSC counterparts throughout the Northeast

USG M hopes to be able to transfer complete ownership to the

Royal Thai Government in the near future

22

Amphur Farmer Groups

Fourteen Amphur Farmer Groups consisting of 17 500 members from 450 village rice and agricultural clubs have been formed in six Northeastern ARD changwats Boards of Directors have been elected and a manager and staff employed The AFG managers and bookkeepers have received training in a special three-week session at Kasetsart University In additicn the AFG managers two local farm leaders per amphur and the amphur rice and agriculture officers have received two weeks participant training in Taiwan

To date ten 400-ton AFG warehouses for the storage of paddy and fertilizer have been completed and two others are 80 completed These same amphurs have also completed construction of combinashytion offices and equipment storage buildings Plans have been completed in Amphurs Chiang Khan and Dan Sai for specialized warehouses for cotton and peanuts

The majority of USOM-supplied equipment for this program from FY 66 procurement has been in country within the past 90 days and plans are being formulated for its use during the next cropping season This equipment includes farm tractors with attachments hand sprayers pickup trucks scales typewriters and duplicating machines

A production credit program for paddy was instituted in 12 of the 14 amphurs with five commercial banks furnishing credit in kind for fertilizer and pesticides The banks were assisted in this program by approximately 500 amphur officials village CD workers and selected school teachers who were trained to explain the program to farmers and assist with loan applications From 11 868 loan applicants 9 567 loans were approved and 8445 farmers actually elected to receive credit To date S 2 500 000 has been extended as credit under this program for the current crop year

A natural disaster guarantee fund has been established with USOM support to indemnify the participating banks in case of non-payment of loans because of flood drought and insect epidemics

23

In Changwat Loei credit for pesticides and sprayers amounting to $ 3 500 000 was furnished to 3 000 cotton farmers through the AFG by three private cotton companies

Future plans call for establishment of 14 new AFG in FY 68 in the ARD areas increasing membership in existing AFG establishment of a marketing credit program and intensified extension training for the AFG members

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Extension

Since the new Department of Extension is not yet in operation agricultural extension programs in Thailand are still being carried out through the Extension Divisions of the various departments of the Ministry of Agriculture The organization of the Department of Extension has been approved by the Ministry along with its functionsand responsibilities but has not yet been given official Cabinet approval Cnce Cabinet approval has been given and personnel problems are resolved the Department of Extension will carry on the present extension programs of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture initiating new programs as well Operation of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office at the Northeast Agricultural Center at Tha Phra will also be an active part of the program

At present staffing of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office has not been completed and only an Acting Regional Extension Director is stationed there Consequently training programs for

extension workers farm leaders and farmers that were originally scheduled to be done at Tha Phra have been carried out by the Extension Divisions of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture

In the sensitive changwats of Northeast Thailand so far in 1967 the Department of Agriculture has conducted four five-day Amphur Officer training meetingz with 237 officers receiving the training Department policies new programs crops and techniques were included in the training program Five four-day training

24

meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

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Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

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Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

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The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

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Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

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Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

11

Equipment has been ordered to up-dte the Marine Police network both ship and shore stations This equipment has started to arrive and the Marine Police Telecom Section is installing it on boats and at shore installations

The Bangkok Metropolitan Police have received 56 base stations and 69 mobile stations which have been installed and are operational 63 FM-5 and 60 FM-i radios are on orderfcr them and delivery should commence in October of 1967 20 mobile stations 180 FM-5 and 90 FM-i radios were ordered for them with FY 1967 funds This equipment will expand the existing system down to the Kiosk level

The following equipment was provided the Crime Suppression Division from FY 1966 funding 1 VHF-FM 120-watt base station and 6 FM-i radice 1967 funding provided 28 30-watt VHF-FM mobile radios 10 FM-i radios and 10 FM-5 radios In addition all of their existing equipment has been overhauled and a 90-foot tower with a high gain antenna installed for use with their Bangkok base station

The Highway Patrol has received 66 VHF-FM mobile radios and 22 VHF-FM base stations These radios are deployed at fixed points and in patrol vehicles along the major highways and in Bangkok In order to further extend their systems coverage 20 more mobile and 11 base stations will be provided with FY 67 funds A continuing maintenance program has been established for their overall system and antenna towers with high-gain antennas erected in many critical areas

Seven HF single side band radios have arrived in country for the Railway Police 50 FM-5 and 100 FM-1 radios were also ordered with FY 66 funding for them Six additional single side band radios 146 FM-5 and 252 FM-i radios have been ordered from FY 67 funding 27 memberS of the Railway Police have graduated from a special class on communications given by the TNPD Signal Division

12

The TNPD Education Division has received specialized instruction on communication subjects and has been provided radio equipment of the same type utilized by operational elements of the TNPD

24 VHF-FM mobile and six base station radios were ordered in FY 67 to completely up-date the CID system Antennas towers and other accessories will also be provided and installed

A telecommunicaticn network for the TNPD Air Wing has been designed and suitable equipment ordered for them to enable pointshyto-point radio communication between their various air fields and also between ground stations and aircraft in flight

0 Education Bureau

In order to meet the increased demand for both Provincial Police and Border Patrcl Police agreed to in the FY 65 ProAg the capacity of the four Provincial Police recruit schools was raised from 1440 men graduating in two classes a year to 4 800 in 2-12 classes a year At the close of FY 66 activity targets for the Education Bureau for the following year increased with a requireshyment for an additional 1 550 constable recruits to be trained by the end of June 1967 By increasing the company strengths from 90 to 120 men and adding four additional recruit ccmpanies this goal was met

As a result of TNPD force expansion to meet the increasing insurgency it was agreed in the FY 67 ProAg to train an additional force of 11 550 men by the end of December 1968 This is being accomplished expanding all companies in all schools to 180 men each This will produce a total of 4860 men graduating in 2-12 classes per year or an znnual average of 12 150 men

An analysis of the Metropolitan Recruit Training Program was made and an up-graded curriculum will be introduced in FY 68 which will improve the training

13

P Aviation Division

Since the concept of the centralized TNPD Aviation was agreed to in June of 1966 considerable progress has been made The maintenance advisory contract (first signed in 1962) has been expanded to include the support of all TNPD aircraft and is being renegotiated to include such services as on-call maintehance personnel and to stipulate the objective of building an in-house capability of the TNPD to perform aircraft maintenance From FY 66 funds six utility and 16 LOH type helicopters have been contracted for and will be delivered during FY 68 Thirty TNPD officers were sent to the US in FY 67 for helicopter training and 26 of them are expected to report for flying duty with the Aviation Division by December 1967

Additionally a USOMTNPD plan for the expansion of the Thai Civil Aviation Training Center (CATC) to include helicopter training has been approved in principle and it is anticipated that 24 pilots per year will be made available to the TNPD from this source Plans for the construction of 2 TNPD aircraft hangars at Bangkok and 8 helicopter hangars and 15 crew quarters upcountry are complete 18 15 500 000 from FY 66 and FY 67 counterpart funds was approve d for this purpose and contracts have been awarded In FY 67 the TNPD screened some 300 constables for US -sponsored helicopter mechanic training in Taiwan 45 were selected and sent The TNPD is planning to dispose of obsolete and undesirable aircraft which have not been utilized effectively and which have been an undue maintenance burden This action will bring about a considerable alleviation in the overall problems of supporting and maintaining 12 different types of aircraft Agreement to and implementation of a number of changes in operating and maintenance procedures has resulted in an improved safer air support program The concept of a centralized Aviation Division has been accepted in a manner which portends full cooperation in attaining the desired increased air support for all TNPD elements

The TNPD budgeted and purchased its first large STOL aircraft a Canadian built DeHaviland Caribou in FY 66 for delivery in FY 67 a second airplane was purchased in FY 67 for delivery in

14

FY 68 These two Caribous costing $ 18 000 000 each are outstanding hcst country self-help contributions to the air support capability of the Aviation Division It is anticipated that all TNPD large transportSTOL requirements will be met by these aircraft

Q Quartermaster Division

Embodied in this sub-project are the following TNPD divisions which were listed as separate sub-projects in the FY 67 ProAg Quartermaster Management Armament Vehicle Maintenance

(a) Quartermaster

Four building projects were initiated with completion due prior to December 31 1967

1 Test Range Improvements and Soundprcofing shycounterpart funds and US Government excess property

2 Guard Facilities and Offices - baht counterpart

3 Food Canteen - TNPD budget

4 Supply and storage facility near Automotive Rebuild shybaht ccunterpart

The QM area has been paved with asphalt - TNPD budget

Q1Li developed a program to store material salvaged from incoming boxes This is used to make crates andcr boxes for outgoing articles as necessary

(b) rmament

Reloading equipment for caliber 38 ammunition arrived in-country was set up and production began in May 1967

Gunsmiths have been trained for mobile repair teams These teams to be based at the TNPD Quartermaster Depot in Bangkok

15

will travel tc and from work at Regional Headquarters Changwad and Amphur stations to lessen the down time involved with

weapons which have heretofore necessarily been sent to Bangkok for repair Twenty men have been partially trained Approxishy

mately 4 000 Mossberg bolt action shotguns were modified and

repaired by the mobile gunsmithing teams during the year

Individual on-the-job training for gunsmiths in the machine shop

has been on an as-needed basis and has resulted in increased

efficiency in both fields The machine shop has become proficient

in weapons parts making

TNPD regulations concerning weapons repair have been revised

allowing more flexibility and relaxing previous stern measures

which hampered training and in effect restricted use of weapons

Obsolete weapons have been almost entirely turned in and replaced

by modern arms mostly USOM provided

(c) Vehicle Maintenance

As of November 1967 11 field garages have been built by joint

ThaiUSOM funding The BPP have four garages completed and

three under construction USOM funded the tocling and American

made vehicle parts fcr all of the field garages and the QM Nine

shops have been staffed and have had training in the use of their

tools and equipment A new parts warehouse is now under

construction at the QM counterpart funded Eighty-five mechanics

have had various levels of training

R Petroleum Suppcrt

The Petroleum program was apprcved in September 1966 US dollar funding was $500 000 in FY 66 and $735 000 in FY 67 The TNPD contributed counterpart funds amounting to $ 2 000 000 in FY 66 and $ 400 000 in FY 67 for transportation and distribution

of the petroleum

16

Tickets and control measures were developed and approved in April 1967 Petroleum started flowing in May 1967 As of November 1967 all divisions of the TNPD are receiving petroleum and books to draw fuel have been distributed to all regions of the Kingdom

As a result of this program TNPD patrol activity has increased and has resulted in around-the-clock law enforcement All units receiving petroleum such as Marine Pclice Aviation Division Highway Patrol Provincial Police and Border Patrol Police have recorded increase -in arrests resulting in their being a greater deterrent to insurgency and crime in all are-as

By the prcvisicn of increased petroleum allowances permitting operation of generators and battery chargers it is now possible for police field units to use their radios to meet increased reporting schedules thus providing better protection for the villagers

The Marine Police as a direct result of the petrcleum support program combined with receipt of new high-speed patrol craft have initiated Z4-hour-a-day patrol on the river and smashed a smugglers ring Also provision of petroleum has freed their POL budget to a1cw them to pay up back per diem accounts and POL bills

Remote Area Security

The RAS project is targeted to assist the BPP in fulfilling one of their assigned border security responsibilities - the creation of a friendly cooperating local population firmly commited to Thailand and willing to support the RTGBPP in identifying locating and eliminating communist subversives in the border regions

The RAS program brings the BPP into otherwise isolated villages tc invoke and provide positive improvements in the villagers living conditions as well as an expanded prospect for the future The objective of the RAS program is to involve the villager in his own development so that the projects their explanation and the peopleBPP relaticns will supply the villager with a reason and

17

desire to risk his life and property for a government which for him has previously been nonexistant negative or at least politically socially and geographically distant

In FY 67 six 15-man complements of BPP were trained by the US Seabees in village level self-help projects designed for the greatest political import - by responding to the felt needs of the villager These 15-man teams form the nucleus of 35-man TC development platoons one for each police area to be used in response to villager aspirations In the process of this on-the-job training the BPPSeabee teams accomplished the following in remote border villages

9 Schools were constructed 35 Bridges were constructed 65 Culverts-were implaced 57 Wells were dug and cased

107 Water seal privies were installed 17 Storage dams were constructed

7 STOL stripe were constructed 7 New BPP Platoon Hqs barracks were constructed

272 Kilometers of road were pioneered 45 304 Villagers were treated by medics

2 600 Villagers participated directly with projects 40 000 Villagers were directly affectedby projects

The third cycle of US Seabees are presently training three more BPP counterpart teams -

Nine US technicians were approved in FY 67 and seven are now in country The US technicians have hired and are training 25 Thai specialists in the fields of education agriculture animal husbandry vet medicine and sanitation These Thai specialists young educated locals are providing the extension of the US technical advisor to more areas of the border and they provide the bridge between the US technicians and the BPP who work at the village level Thai specialists will be increased to 35 in FY 68

18

The medical program of the RAS cost $400 000 in FY 67 The various cutlets of the BPP treated 50 000 patients per month around the borders of Thailand Fifty paramedics were trained as squad-level medics in basic medicinefirst aid techniques Another 250 remain to be trained which will bring to 454 or one for each squad the total number of BPP squad medics The medical program lost impetus when Embassy technicians were diverted and three US medical technicians will be contracted in FY 68 to properly supervise and monitor the civic action medical program

The BPP educational program staffs and operates 212 remote border schools All 384 school teachers had been re-trained on an annual basis but a transfer of personnel in early FY 68 depleted almost 40 percent of the trained teacher strength Retraining programs are underway to fill this gap and efforts are being made to transfer up to 25 schools each year to the Thai government ministry for support and staffing

The FY 68 target is to have each line platcon actively involved in population-commitment self-help projects at the village level The RAS personnel and support both US and Thai will be directed at assisting the platoons in developing the local populations within the platoon sphere of responsibility In FY 67 some of the most detailed intelligence gained by the BPP and which resulted in operations against communist elements were a direct result of RAS activities

Village Radio

-1 A total of 1 349 radios have been installed Regions 3 4 6 and 9 are 100 completed Region 5 has 50 of its radios installed and should be 100 completed by the end of December 1967 which will conclude all of Phase One Progress of installation of the radios has been delayed due to lack of helicopter support to enable the installation teams to reach inaccessible remote locations

2 PICCs have been prepared and submitted for 1 125 radios

plus supporting items for the implementation of Phase Two

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of this project IBM data sheets have been prepared which give current status of all radio installation to include map coordinates operating frequencies and serial number of each radio

3 A central warehouse and repair shop has been established at the Signal Division compound in Bangkok under the auspices of the TNPD Thai technicians are being trained at these facilities to repair and operate the radios and other equipment To date formal and on-the-job training has been given to 12- installationteams of three men each and 15 radio repair technicians who work in the Bangkck and regional repair shops

4 DOLA has with their own budget provided eight technicians to work with the USOM and police installation teams

FIELD OPERA TIONS

Accelerated Rural Development

During FY 67 utilizing the USRTG resources provided in the FY 64 65 and 66 Project Agreements the ARD Project (a) Constructed about 280 kilometers of all-weather road and conducted follow-up on-the-job training for 1 543 construction workers in eleven changwats (b) initiated special agricultural activities in nine of the eleven changwats (c) Ccmpleted conshystruction of overhaul shops and engineering offices in three changwats (d) Provided engineering -and equipment overhaul services at the NEARDC for the ARD changwats (e) Staffed Thai changwat planning officer positions in all 14 changwats (f) Developed changwat development goals for the fourteen changwats - including preliminary mapped five-year roadshynedwork goals And (g) developed the yearly detailed men money and materials requirements to continue the project in 14 changwats and to initiate the project in four additional changwats

Of less tangible but perhaps far greater counterinsurgency value the planning and execution of ARD projects in the changwats have

20

become more nearly local government institutions designed to meet local needs The overall geographic priorities are still of necessity being set in Bangkok however the selection of specific activities and the locations within the changwats where these will be executed are tc a greater degree than ever before local options While accepting Bangkok leadership the Governors express their views on the impact of Bangkok ideas on chanswat activities with candor and vigor Recognizing the mid- and lowershylevel managerial weaknesses in the A-RD projects the Governors in fact recently seized the initiative to press the ARD Office for the establishment of an in-country training program in management principles and practices for changwat personnel

We anticipate a significant increase in productivity in FY 68 as a consequence of (a) The first quarter FY 68 receipt of the US equipment pledged in the FY 66 PrcAg - this receipt will almost double the total amount of equipment that was available during FY 67 (b) The skills maturation of the construction crews And (c) the managerial training and experience being provided ARD personnel in training sessions and on the job

Mobile Development Units

During the past year three new MDUs became operational making a total of 19 in Northern Northeastern Northwestern and Southern Thailand MDUs in 1968 will continue to increase at least at the present rate of three per year The National Security Commands (in Ministry of Defense) budget in support of MDUs is expected to double in FY 68 This increase in budget will be for both (1) new MDUs -and (2) increased inputs for established MDUs in the most critically insurgent areas

MDUs 3Nakhon Phanom 15Si Sa Ket and 4Nara Thiwas have expanded their working and learning youth program This program is designed to train village youth between the ages 15-25 in such skills as Carpentry barbering rubber tapping auto mechanics and agricultural practices By training village youth the National Security Command hopes both tc fill manpower gaps and also to deny the insurgents new recruits New-projects are under way in Uttaradit Surin and Pattani

21

Many MDUs are also now engaged in youthadult literacy classes

In November 28 operators and mechanics finished training at the Northeast Technical Institute in Korat and are now deployed in the field This training is a good example of coordination between MDU and ARD Coordination with ARD in establishment of provincial all-weather road networks is also improving in the ARD provinces Construction Company completed the first project road in Changwat Ubon Two platoon elements were deployed to Buri Ram and Si Sa Ket (Cambodian border) respectively to begin second projects while the third remained in Ubon to extend the first road

MDU development activities include roads irrigation health education agriculture livestock fisheries and vocational training In addition the MDUs operate only in areas where traditionally RTG influenceservices have been virtually non-existent

50 KW

The -50 KW transmitter located in Sakon Nakhcn Province is nowshybroadcasting 12 hours per day Station 909 as it is known in the Northeast reaches a vast audience in the most critically insurgent region of Thailand

Station 909 has been able to counter the propaganda of both Radio Hanoi and Voice of the People of Thailahd broadcasting from somewhere in Laos Already several communists have defected to local authorities saying that 9091s influence had really convinced them to give themselves up

All US Army trainerstechnicians have been phased out from the site One contract technician still remains and is working closely with the National Security Command personnel Four USIS field reporterprogramming advisors are also working closely with NSC counterparts throughout the Northeast

USG M hopes to be able to transfer complete ownership to the

Royal Thai Government in the near future

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Amphur Farmer Groups

Fourteen Amphur Farmer Groups consisting of 17 500 members from 450 village rice and agricultural clubs have been formed in six Northeastern ARD changwats Boards of Directors have been elected and a manager and staff employed The AFG managers and bookkeepers have received training in a special three-week session at Kasetsart University In additicn the AFG managers two local farm leaders per amphur and the amphur rice and agriculture officers have received two weeks participant training in Taiwan

To date ten 400-ton AFG warehouses for the storage of paddy and fertilizer have been completed and two others are 80 completed These same amphurs have also completed construction of combinashytion offices and equipment storage buildings Plans have been completed in Amphurs Chiang Khan and Dan Sai for specialized warehouses for cotton and peanuts

The majority of USOM-supplied equipment for this program from FY 66 procurement has been in country within the past 90 days and plans are being formulated for its use during the next cropping season This equipment includes farm tractors with attachments hand sprayers pickup trucks scales typewriters and duplicating machines

A production credit program for paddy was instituted in 12 of the 14 amphurs with five commercial banks furnishing credit in kind for fertilizer and pesticides The banks were assisted in this program by approximately 500 amphur officials village CD workers and selected school teachers who were trained to explain the program to farmers and assist with loan applications From 11 868 loan applicants 9 567 loans were approved and 8445 farmers actually elected to receive credit To date S 2 500 000 has been extended as credit under this program for the current crop year

A natural disaster guarantee fund has been established with USOM support to indemnify the participating banks in case of non-payment of loans because of flood drought and insect epidemics

23

In Changwat Loei credit for pesticides and sprayers amounting to $ 3 500 000 was furnished to 3 000 cotton farmers through the AFG by three private cotton companies

Future plans call for establishment of 14 new AFG in FY 68 in the ARD areas increasing membership in existing AFG establishment of a marketing credit program and intensified extension training for the AFG members

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Extension

Since the new Department of Extension is not yet in operation agricultural extension programs in Thailand are still being carried out through the Extension Divisions of the various departments of the Ministry of Agriculture The organization of the Department of Extension has been approved by the Ministry along with its functionsand responsibilities but has not yet been given official Cabinet approval Cnce Cabinet approval has been given and personnel problems are resolved the Department of Extension will carry on the present extension programs of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture initiating new programs as well Operation of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office at the Northeast Agricultural Center at Tha Phra will also be an active part of the program

At present staffing of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office has not been completed and only an Acting Regional Extension Director is stationed there Consequently training programs for

extension workers farm leaders and farmers that were originally scheduled to be done at Tha Phra have been carried out by the Extension Divisions of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture

In the sensitive changwats of Northeast Thailand so far in 1967 the Department of Agriculture has conducted four five-day Amphur Officer training meetingz with 237 officers receiving the training Department policies new programs crops and techniques were included in the training program Five four-day training

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meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

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Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

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Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

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The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

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3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

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Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

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Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

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The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

12

The TNPD Education Division has received specialized instruction on communication subjects and has been provided radio equipment of the same type utilized by operational elements of the TNPD

24 VHF-FM mobile and six base station radios were ordered in FY 67 to completely up-date the CID system Antennas towers and other accessories will also be provided and installed

A telecommunicaticn network for the TNPD Air Wing has been designed and suitable equipment ordered for them to enable pointshyto-point radio communication between their various air fields and also between ground stations and aircraft in flight

0 Education Bureau

In order to meet the increased demand for both Provincial Police and Border Patrcl Police agreed to in the FY 65 ProAg the capacity of the four Provincial Police recruit schools was raised from 1440 men graduating in two classes a year to 4 800 in 2-12 classes a year At the close of FY 66 activity targets for the Education Bureau for the following year increased with a requireshyment for an additional 1 550 constable recruits to be trained by the end of June 1967 By increasing the company strengths from 90 to 120 men and adding four additional recruit ccmpanies this goal was met

As a result of TNPD force expansion to meet the increasing insurgency it was agreed in the FY 67 ProAg to train an additional force of 11 550 men by the end of December 1968 This is being accomplished expanding all companies in all schools to 180 men each This will produce a total of 4860 men graduating in 2-12 classes per year or an znnual average of 12 150 men

An analysis of the Metropolitan Recruit Training Program was made and an up-graded curriculum will be introduced in FY 68 which will improve the training

13

P Aviation Division

Since the concept of the centralized TNPD Aviation was agreed to in June of 1966 considerable progress has been made The maintenance advisory contract (first signed in 1962) has been expanded to include the support of all TNPD aircraft and is being renegotiated to include such services as on-call maintehance personnel and to stipulate the objective of building an in-house capability of the TNPD to perform aircraft maintenance From FY 66 funds six utility and 16 LOH type helicopters have been contracted for and will be delivered during FY 68 Thirty TNPD officers were sent to the US in FY 67 for helicopter training and 26 of them are expected to report for flying duty with the Aviation Division by December 1967

Additionally a USOMTNPD plan for the expansion of the Thai Civil Aviation Training Center (CATC) to include helicopter training has been approved in principle and it is anticipated that 24 pilots per year will be made available to the TNPD from this source Plans for the construction of 2 TNPD aircraft hangars at Bangkok and 8 helicopter hangars and 15 crew quarters upcountry are complete 18 15 500 000 from FY 66 and FY 67 counterpart funds was approve d for this purpose and contracts have been awarded In FY 67 the TNPD screened some 300 constables for US -sponsored helicopter mechanic training in Taiwan 45 were selected and sent The TNPD is planning to dispose of obsolete and undesirable aircraft which have not been utilized effectively and which have been an undue maintenance burden This action will bring about a considerable alleviation in the overall problems of supporting and maintaining 12 different types of aircraft Agreement to and implementation of a number of changes in operating and maintenance procedures has resulted in an improved safer air support program The concept of a centralized Aviation Division has been accepted in a manner which portends full cooperation in attaining the desired increased air support for all TNPD elements

The TNPD budgeted and purchased its first large STOL aircraft a Canadian built DeHaviland Caribou in FY 66 for delivery in FY 67 a second airplane was purchased in FY 67 for delivery in

14

FY 68 These two Caribous costing $ 18 000 000 each are outstanding hcst country self-help contributions to the air support capability of the Aviation Division It is anticipated that all TNPD large transportSTOL requirements will be met by these aircraft

Q Quartermaster Division

Embodied in this sub-project are the following TNPD divisions which were listed as separate sub-projects in the FY 67 ProAg Quartermaster Management Armament Vehicle Maintenance

(a) Quartermaster

Four building projects were initiated with completion due prior to December 31 1967

1 Test Range Improvements and Soundprcofing shycounterpart funds and US Government excess property

2 Guard Facilities and Offices - baht counterpart

3 Food Canteen - TNPD budget

4 Supply and storage facility near Automotive Rebuild shybaht ccunterpart

The QM area has been paved with asphalt - TNPD budget

Q1Li developed a program to store material salvaged from incoming boxes This is used to make crates andcr boxes for outgoing articles as necessary

(b) rmament

Reloading equipment for caliber 38 ammunition arrived in-country was set up and production began in May 1967

Gunsmiths have been trained for mobile repair teams These teams to be based at the TNPD Quartermaster Depot in Bangkok

15

will travel tc and from work at Regional Headquarters Changwad and Amphur stations to lessen the down time involved with

weapons which have heretofore necessarily been sent to Bangkok for repair Twenty men have been partially trained Approxishy

mately 4 000 Mossberg bolt action shotguns were modified and

repaired by the mobile gunsmithing teams during the year

Individual on-the-job training for gunsmiths in the machine shop

has been on an as-needed basis and has resulted in increased

efficiency in both fields The machine shop has become proficient

in weapons parts making

TNPD regulations concerning weapons repair have been revised

allowing more flexibility and relaxing previous stern measures

which hampered training and in effect restricted use of weapons

Obsolete weapons have been almost entirely turned in and replaced

by modern arms mostly USOM provided

(c) Vehicle Maintenance

As of November 1967 11 field garages have been built by joint

ThaiUSOM funding The BPP have four garages completed and

three under construction USOM funded the tocling and American

made vehicle parts fcr all of the field garages and the QM Nine

shops have been staffed and have had training in the use of their

tools and equipment A new parts warehouse is now under

construction at the QM counterpart funded Eighty-five mechanics

have had various levels of training

R Petroleum Suppcrt

The Petroleum program was apprcved in September 1966 US dollar funding was $500 000 in FY 66 and $735 000 in FY 67 The TNPD contributed counterpart funds amounting to $ 2 000 000 in FY 66 and $ 400 000 in FY 67 for transportation and distribution

of the petroleum

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Tickets and control measures were developed and approved in April 1967 Petroleum started flowing in May 1967 As of November 1967 all divisions of the TNPD are receiving petroleum and books to draw fuel have been distributed to all regions of the Kingdom

As a result of this program TNPD patrol activity has increased and has resulted in around-the-clock law enforcement All units receiving petroleum such as Marine Pclice Aviation Division Highway Patrol Provincial Police and Border Patrol Police have recorded increase -in arrests resulting in their being a greater deterrent to insurgency and crime in all are-as

By the prcvisicn of increased petroleum allowances permitting operation of generators and battery chargers it is now possible for police field units to use their radios to meet increased reporting schedules thus providing better protection for the villagers

The Marine Police as a direct result of the petrcleum support program combined with receipt of new high-speed patrol craft have initiated Z4-hour-a-day patrol on the river and smashed a smugglers ring Also provision of petroleum has freed their POL budget to a1cw them to pay up back per diem accounts and POL bills

Remote Area Security

The RAS project is targeted to assist the BPP in fulfilling one of their assigned border security responsibilities - the creation of a friendly cooperating local population firmly commited to Thailand and willing to support the RTGBPP in identifying locating and eliminating communist subversives in the border regions

The RAS program brings the BPP into otherwise isolated villages tc invoke and provide positive improvements in the villagers living conditions as well as an expanded prospect for the future The objective of the RAS program is to involve the villager in his own development so that the projects their explanation and the peopleBPP relaticns will supply the villager with a reason and

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desire to risk his life and property for a government which for him has previously been nonexistant negative or at least politically socially and geographically distant

In FY 67 six 15-man complements of BPP were trained by the US Seabees in village level self-help projects designed for the greatest political import - by responding to the felt needs of the villager These 15-man teams form the nucleus of 35-man TC development platoons one for each police area to be used in response to villager aspirations In the process of this on-the-job training the BPPSeabee teams accomplished the following in remote border villages

9 Schools were constructed 35 Bridges were constructed 65 Culverts-were implaced 57 Wells were dug and cased

107 Water seal privies were installed 17 Storage dams were constructed

7 STOL stripe were constructed 7 New BPP Platoon Hqs barracks were constructed

272 Kilometers of road were pioneered 45 304 Villagers were treated by medics

2 600 Villagers participated directly with projects 40 000 Villagers were directly affectedby projects

The third cycle of US Seabees are presently training three more BPP counterpart teams -

Nine US technicians were approved in FY 67 and seven are now in country The US technicians have hired and are training 25 Thai specialists in the fields of education agriculture animal husbandry vet medicine and sanitation These Thai specialists young educated locals are providing the extension of the US technical advisor to more areas of the border and they provide the bridge between the US technicians and the BPP who work at the village level Thai specialists will be increased to 35 in FY 68

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The medical program of the RAS cost $400 000 in FY 67 The various cutlets of the BPP treated 50 000 patients per month around the borders of Thailand Fifty paramedics were trained as squad-level medics in basic medicinefirst aid techniques Another 250 remain to be trained which will bring to 454 or one for each squad the total number of BPP squad medics The medical program lost impetus when Embassy technicians were diverted and three US medical technicians will be contracted in FY 68 to properly supervise and monitor the civic action medical program

The BPP educational program staffs and operates 212 remote border schools All 384 school teachers had been re-trained on an annual basis but a transfer of personnel in early FY 68 depleted almost 40 percent of the trained teacher strength Retraining programs are underway to fill this gap and efforts are being made to transfer up to 25 schools each year to the Thai government ministry for support and staffing

The FY 68 target is to have each line platcon actively involved in population-commitment self-help projects at the village level The RAS personnel and support both US and Thai will be directed at assisting the platoons in developing the local populations within the platoon sphere of responsibility In FY 67 some of the most detailed intelligence gained by the BPP and which resulted in operations against communist elements were a direct result of RAS activities

Village Radio

-1 A total of 1 349 radios have been installed Regions 3 4 6 and 9 are 100 completed Region 5 has 50 of its radios installed and should be 100 completed by the end of December 1967 which will conclude all of Phase One Progress of installation of the radios has been delayed due to lack of helicopter support to enable the installation teams to reach inaccessible remote locations

2 PICCs have been prepared and submitted for 1 125 radios

plus supporting items for the implementation of Phase Two

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of this project IBM data sheets have been prepared which give current status of all radio installation to include map coordinates operating frequencies and serial number of each radio

3 A central warehouse and repair shop has been established at the Signal Division compound in Bangkok under the auspices of the TNPD Thai technicians are being trained at these facilities to repair and operate the radios and other equipment To date formal and on-the-job training has been given to 12- installationteams of three men each and 15 radio repair technicians who work in the Bangkck and regional repair shops

4 DOLA has with their own budget provided eight technicians to work with the USOM and police installation teams

FIELD OPERA TIONS

Accelerated Rural Development

During FY 67 utilizing the USRTG resources provided in the FY 64 65 and 66 Project Agreements the ARD Project (a) Constructed about 280 kilometers of all-weather road and conducted follow-up on-the-job training for 1 543 construction workers in eleven changwats (b) initiated special agricultural activities in nine of the eleven changwats (c) Ccmpleted conshystruction of overhaul shops and engineering offices in three changwats (d) Provided engineering -and equipment overhaul services at the NEARDC for the ARD changwats (e) Staffed Thai changwat planning officer positions in all 14 changwats (f) Developed changwat development goals for the fourteen changwats - including preliminary mapped five-year roadshynedwork goals And (g) developed the yearly detailed men money and materials requirements to continue the project in 14 changwats and to initiate the project in four additional changwats

Of less tangible but perhaps far greater counterinsurgency value the planning and execution of ARD projects in the changwats have

20

become more nearly local government institutions designed to meet local needs The overall geographic priorities are still of necessity being set in Bangkok however the selection of specific activities and the locations within the changwats where these will be executed are tc a greater degree than ever before local options While accepting Bangkok leadership the Governors express their views on the impact of Bangkok ideas on chanswat activities with candor and vigor Recognizing the mid- and lowershylevel managerial weaknesses in the A-RD projects the Governors in fact recently seized the initiative to press the ARD Office for the establishment of an in-country training program in management principles and practices for changwat personnel

We anticipate a significant increase in productivity in FY 68 as a consequence of (a) The first quarter FY 68 receipt of the US equipment pledged in the FY 66 PrcAg - this receipt will almost double the total amount of equipment that was available during FY 67 (b) The skills maturation of the construction crews And (c) the managerial training and experience being provided ARD personnel in training sessions and on the job

Mobile Development Units

During the past year three new MDUs became operational making a total of 19 in Northern Northeastern Northwestern and Southern Thailand MDUs in 1968 will continue to increase at least at the present rate of three per year The National Security Commands (in Ministry of Defense) budget in support of MDUs is expected to double in FY 68 This increase in budget will be for both (1) new MDUs -and (2) increased inputs for established MDUs in the most critically insurgent areas

MDUs 3Nakhon Phanom 15Si Sa Ket and 4Nara Thiwas have expanded their working and learning youth program This program is designed to train village youth between the ages 15-25 in such skills as Carpentry barbering rubber tapping auto mechanics and agricultural practices By training village youth the National Security Command hopes both tc fill manpower gaps and also to deny the insurgents new recruits New-projects are under way in Uttaradit Surin and Pattani

21

Many MDUs are also now engaged in youthadult literacy classes

In November 28 operators and mechanics finished training at the Northeast Technical Institute in Korat and are now deployed in the field This training is a good example of coordination between MDU and ARD Coordination with ARD in establishment of provincial all-weather road networks is also improving in the ARD provinces Construction Company completed the first project road in Changwat Ubon Two platoon elements were deployed to Buri Ram and Si Sa Ket (Cambodian border) respectively to begin second projects while the third remained in Ubon to extend the first road

MDU development activities include roads irrigation health education agriculture livestock fisheries and vocational training In addition the MDUs operate only in areas where traditionally RTG influenceservices have been virtually non-existent

50 KW

The -50 KW transmitter located in Sakon Nakhcn Province is nowshybroadcasting 12 hours per day Station 909 as it is known in the Northeast reaches a vast audience in the most critically insurgent region of Thailand

Station 909 has been able to counter the propaganda of both Radio Hanoi and Voice of the People of Thailahd broadcasting from somewhere in Laos Already several communists have defected to local authorities saying that 9091s influence had really convinced them to give themselves up

All US Army trainerstechnicians have been phased out from the site One contract technician still remains and is working closely with the National Security Command personnel Four USIS field reporterprogramming advisors are also working closely with NSC counterparts throughout the Northeast

USG M hopes to be able to transfer complete ownership to the

Royal Thai Government in the near future

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Amphur Farmer Groups

Fourteen Amphur Farmer Groups consisting of 17 500 members from 450 village rice and agricultural clubs have been formed in six Northeastern ARD changwats Boards of Directors have been elected and a manager and staff employed The AFG managers and bookkeepers have received training in a special three-week session at Kasetsart University In additicn the AFG managers two local farm leaders per amphur and the amphur rice and agriculture officers have received two weeks participant training in Taiwan

To date ten 400-ton AFG warehouses for the storage of paddy and fertilizer have been completed and two others are 80 completed These same amphurs have also completed construction of combinashytion offices and equipment storage buildings Plans have been completed in Amphurs Chiang Khan and Dan Sai for specialized warehouses for cotton and peanuts

The majority of USOM-supplied equipment for this program from FY 66 procurement has been in country within the past 90 days and plans are being formulated for its use during the next cropping season This equipment includes farm tractors with attachments hand sprayers pickup trucks scales typewriters and duplicating machines

A production credit program for paddy was instituted in 12 of the 14 amphurs with five commercial banks furnishing credit in kind for fertilizer and pesticides The banks were assisted in this program by approximately 500 amphur officials village CD workers and selected school teachers who were trained to explain the program to farmers and assist with loan applications From 11 868 loan applicants 9 567 loans were approved and 8445 farmers actually elected to receive credit To date S 2 500 000 has been extended as credit under this program for the current crop year

A natural disaster guarantee fund has been established with USOM support to indemnify the participating banks in case of non-payment of loans because of flood drought and insect epidemics

23

In Changwat Loei credit for pesticides and sprayers amounting to $ 3 500 000 was furnished to 3 000 cotton farmers through the AFG by three private cotton companies

Future plans call for establishment of 14 new AFG in FY 68 in the ARD areas increasing membership in existing AFG establishment of a marketing credit program and intensified extension training for the AFG members

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Extension

Since the new Department of Extension is not yet in operation agricultural extension programs in Thailand are still being carried out through the Extension Divisions of the various departments of the Ministry of Agriculture The organization of the Department of Extension has been approved by the Ministry along with its functionsand responsibilities but has not yet been given official Cabinet approval Cnce Cabinet approval has been given and personnel problems are resolved the Department of Extension will carry on the present extension programs of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture initiating new programs as well Operation of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office at the Northeast Agricultural Center at Tha Phra will also be an active part of the program

At present staffing of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office has not been completed and only an Acting Regional Extension Director is stationed there Consequently training programs for

extension workers farm leaders and farmers that were originally scheduled to be done at Tha Phra have been carried out by the Extension Divisions of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture

In the sensitive changwats of Northeast Thailand so far in 1967 the Department of Agriculture has conducted four five-day Amphur Officer training meetingz with 237 officers receiving the training Department policies new programs crops and techniques were included in the training program Five four-day training

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meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

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Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

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Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

28

The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

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Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

33

Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

13

P Aviation Division

Since the concept of the centralized TNPD Aviation was agreed to in June of 1966 considerable progress has been made The maintenance advisory contract (first signed in 1962) has been expanded to include the support of all TNPD aircraft and is being renegotiated to include such services as on-call maintehance personnel and to stipulate the objective of building an in-house capability of the TNPD to perform aircraft maintenance From FY 66 funds six utility and 16 LOH type helicopters have been contracted for and will be delivered during FY 68 Thirty TNPD officers were sent to the US in FY 67 for helicopter training and 26 of them are expected to report for flying duty with the Aviation Division by December 1967

Additionally a USOMTNPD plan for the expansion of the Thai Civil Aviation Training Center (CATC) to include helicopter training has been approved in principle and it is anticipated that 24 pilots per year will be made available to the TNPD from this source Plans for the construction of 2 TNPD aircraft hangars at Bangkok and 8 helicopter hangars and 15 crew quarters upcountry are complete 18 15 500 000 from FY 66 and FY 67 counterpart funds was approve d for this purpose and contracts have been awarded In FY 67 the TNPD screened some 300 constables for US -sponsored helicopter mechanic training in Taiwan 45 were selected and sent The TNPD is planning to dispose of obsolete and undesirable aircraft which have not been utilized effectively and which have been an undue maintenance burden This action will bring about a considerable alleviation in the overall problems of supporting and maintaining 12 different types of aircraft Agreement to and implementation of a number of changes in operating and maintenance procedures has resulted in an improved safer air support program The concept of a centralized Aviation Division has been accepted in a manner which portends full cooperation in attaining the desired increased air support for all TNPD elements

The TNPD budgeted and purchased its first large STOL aircraft a Canadian built DeHaviland Caribou in FY 66 for delivery in FY 67 a second airplane was purchased in FY 67 for delivery in

14

FY 68 These two Caribous costing $ 18 000 000 each are outstanding hcst country self-help contributions to the air support capability of the Aviation Division It is anticipated that all TNPD large transportSTOL requirements will be met by these aircraft

Q Quartermaster Division

Embodied in this sub-project are the following TNPD divisions which were listed as separate sub-projects in the FY 67 ProAg Quartermaster Management Armament Vehicle Maintenance

(a) Quartermaster

Four building projects were initiated with completion due prior to December 31 1967

1 Test Range Improvements and Soundprcofing shycounterpart funds and US Government excess property

2 Guard Facilities and Offices - baht counterpart

3 Food Canteen - TNPD budget

4 Supply and storage facility near Automotive Rebuild shybaht ccunterpart

The QM area has been paved with asphalt - TNPD budget

Q1Li developed a program to store material salvaged from incoming boxes This is used to make crates andcr boxes for outgoing articles as necessary

(b) rmament

Reloading equipment for caliber 38 ammunition arrived in-country was set up and production began in May 1967

Gunsmiths have been trained for mobile repair teams These teams to be based at the TNPD Quartermaster Depot in Bangkok

15

will travel tc and from work at Regional Headquarters Changwad and Amphur stations to lessen the down time involved with

weapons which have heretofore necessarily been sent to Bangkok for repair Twenty men have been partially trained Approxishy

mately 4 000 Mossberg bolt action shotguns were modified and

repaired by the mobile gunsmithing teams during the year

Individual on-the-job training for gunsmiths in the machine shop

has been on an as-needed basis and has resulted in increased

efficiency in both fields The machine shop has become proficient

in weapons parts making

TNPD regulations concerning weapons repair have been revised

allowing more flexibility and relaxing previous stern measures

which hampered training and in effect restricted use of weapons

Obsolete weapons have been almost entirely turned in and replaced

by modern arms mostly USOM provided

(c) Vehicle Maintenance

As of November 1967 11 field garages have been built by joint

ThaiUSOM funding The BPP have four garages completed and

three under construction USOM funded the tocling and American

made vehicle parts fcr all of the field garages and the QM Nine

shops have been staffed and have had training in the use of their

tools and equipment A new parts warehouse is now under

construction at the QM counterpart funded Eighty-five mechanics

have had various levels of training

R Petroleum Suppcrt

The Petroleum program was apprcved in September 1966 US dollar funding was $500 000 in FY 66 and $735 000 in FY 67 The TNPD contributed counterpart funds amounting to $ 2 000 000 in FY 66 and $ 400 000 in FY 67 for transportation and distribution

of the petroleum

16

Tickets and control measures were developed and approved in April 1967 Petroleum started flowing in May 1967 As of November 1967 all divisions of the TNPD are receiving petroleum and books to draw fuel have been distributed to all regions of the Kingdom

As a result of this program TNPD patrol activity has increased and has resulted in around-the-clock law enforcement All units receiving petroleum such as Marine Pclice Aviation Division Highway Patrol Provincial Police and Border Patrol Police have recorded increase -in arrests resulting in their being a greater deterrent to insurgency and crime in all are-as

By the prcvisicn of increased petroleum allowances permitting operation of generators and battery chargers it is now possible for police field units to use their radios to meet increased reporting schedules thus providing better protection for the villagers

The Marine Police as a direct result of the petrcleum support program combined with receipt of new high-speed patrol craft have initiated Z4-hour-a-day patrol on the river and smashed a smugglers ring Also provision of petroleum has freed their POL budget to a1cw them to pay up back per diem accounts and POL bills

Remote Area Security

The RAS project is targeted to assist the BPP in fulfilling one of their assigned border security responsibilities - the creation of a friendly cooperating local population firmly commited to Thailand and willing to support the RTGBPP in identifying locating and eliminating communist subversives in the border regions

The RAS program brings the BPP into otherwise isolated villages tc invoke and provide positive improvements in the villagers living conditions as well as an expanded prospect for the future The objective of the RAS program is to involve the villager in his own development so that the projects their explanation and the peopleBPP relaticns will supply the villager with a reason and

17

desire to risk his life and property for a government which for him has previously been nonexistant negative or at least politically socially and geographically distant

In FY 67 six 15-man complements of BPP were trained by the US Seabees in village level self-help projects designed for the greatest political import - by responding to the felt needs of the villager These 15-man teams form the nucleus of 35-man TC development platoons one for each police area to be used in response to villager aspirations In the process of this on-the-job training the BPPSeabee teams accomplished the following in remote border villages

9 Schools were constructed 35 Bridges were constructed 65 Culverts-were implaced 57 Wells were dug and cased

107 Water seal privies were installed 17 Storage dams were constructed

7 STOL stripe were constructed 7 New BPP Platoon Hqs barracks were constructed

272 Kilometers of road were pioneered 45 304 Villagers were treated by medics

2 600 Villagers participated directly with projects 40 000 Villagers were directly affectedby projects

The third cycle of US Seabees are presently training three more BPP counterpart teams -

Nine US technicians were approved in FY 67 and seven are now in country The US technicians have hired and are training 25 Thai specialists in the fields of education agriculture animal husbandry vet medicine and sanitation These Thai specialists young educated locals are providing the extension of the US technical advisor to more areas of the border and they provide the bridge between the US technicians and the BPP who work at the village level Thai specialists will be increased to 35 in FY 68

18

The medical program of the RAS cost $400 000 in FY 67 The various cutlets of the BPP treated 50 000 patients per month around the borders of Thailand Fifty paramedics were trained as squad-level medics in basic medicinefirst aid techniques Another 250 remain to be trained which will bring to 454 or one for each squad the total number of BPP squad medics The medical program lost impetus when Embassy technicians were diverted and three US medical technicians will be contracted in FY 68 to properly supervise and monitor the civic action medical program

The BPP educational program staffs and operates 212 remote border schools All 384 school teachers had been re-trained on an annual basis but a transfer of personnel in early FY 68 depleted almost 40 percent of the trained teacher strength Retraining programs are underway to fill this gap and efforts are being made to transfer up to 25 schools each year to the Thai government ministry for support and staffing

The FY 68 target is to have each line platcon actively involved in population-commitment self-help projects at the village level The RAS personnel and support both US and Thai will be directed at assisting the platoons in developing the local populations within the platoon sphere of responsibility In FY 67 some of the most detailed intelligence gained by the BPP and which resulted in operations against communist elements were a direct result of RAS activities

Village Radio

-1 A total of 1 349 radios have been installed Regions 3 4 6 and 9 are 100 completed Region 5 has 50 of its radios installed and should be 100 completed by the end of December 1967 which will conclude all of Phase One Progress of installation of the radios has been delayed due to lack of helicopter support to enable the installation teams to reach inaccessible remote locations

2 PICCs have been prepared and submitted for 1 125 radios

plus supporting items for the implementation of Phase Two

19

of this project IBM data sheets have been prepared which give current status of all radio installation to include map coordinates operating frequencies and serial number of each radio

3 A central warehouse and repair shop has been established at the Signal Division compound in Bangkok under the auspices of the TNPD Thai technicians are being trained at these facilities to repair and operate the radios and other equipment To date formal and on-the-job training has been given to 12- installationteams of three men each and 15 radio repair technicians who work in the Bangkck and regional repair shops

4 DOLA has with their own budget provided eight technicians to work with the USOM and police installation teams

FIELD OPERA TIONS

Accelerated Rural Development

During FY 67 utilizing the USRTG resources provided in the FY 64 65 and 66 Project Agreements the ARD Project (a) Constructed about 280 kilometers of all-weather road and conducted follow-up on-the-job training for 1 543 construction workers in eleven changwats (b) initiated special agricultural activities in nine of the eleven changwats (c) Ccmpleted conshystruction of overhaul shops and engineering offices in three changwats (d) Provided engineering -and equipment overhaul services at the NEARDC for the ARD changwats (e) Staffed Thai changwat planning officer positions in all 14 changwats (f) Developed changwat development goals for the fourteen changwats - including preliminary mapped five-year roadshynedwork goals And (g) developed the yearly detailed men money and materials requirements to continue the project in 14 changwats and to initiate the project in four additional changwats

Of less tangible but perhaps far greater counterinsurgency value the planning and execution of ARD projects in the changwats have

20

become more nearly local government institutions designed to meet local needs The overall geographic priorities are still of necessity being set in Bangkok however the selection of specific activities and the locations within the changwats where these will be executed are tc a greater degree than ever before local options While accepting Bangkok leadership the Governors express their views on the impact of Bangkok ideas on chanswat activities with candor and vigor Recognizing the mid- and lowershylevel managerial weaknesses in the A-RD projects the Governors in fact recently seized the initiative to press the ARD Office for the establishment of an in-country training program in management principles and practices for changwat personnel

We anticipate a significant increase in productivity in FY 68 as a consequence of (a) The first quarter FY 68 receipt of the US equipment pledged in the FY 66 PrcAg - this receipt will almost double the total amount of equipment that was available during FY 67 (b) The skills maturation of the construction crews And (c) the managerial training and experience being provided ARD personnel in training sessions and on the job

Mobile Development Units

During the past year three new MDUs became operational making a total of 19 in Northern Northeastern Northwestern and Southern Thailand MDUs in 1968 will continue to increase at least at the present rate of three per year The National Security Commands (in Ministry of Defense) budget in support of MDUs is expected to double in FY 68 This increase in budget will be for both (1) new MDUs -and (2) increased inputs for established MDUs in the most critically insurgent areas

MDUs 3Nakhon Phanom 15Si Sa Ket and 4Nara Thiwas have expanded their working and learning youth program This program is designed to train village youth between the ages 15-25 in such skills as Carpentry barbering rubber tapping auto mechanics and agricultural practices By training village youth the National Security Command hopes both tc fill manpower gaps and also to deny the insurgents new recruits New-projects are under way in Uttaradit Surin and Pattani

21

Many MDUs are also now engaged in youthadult literacy classes

In November 28 operators and mechanics finished training at the Northeast Technical Institute in Korat and are now deployed in the field This training is a good example of coordination between MDU and ARD Coordination with ARD in establishment of provincial all-weather road networks is also improving in the ARD provinces Construction Company completed the first project road in Changwat Ubon Two platoon elements were deployed to Buri Ram and Si Sa Ket (Cambodian border) respectively to begin second projects while the third remained in Ubon to extend the first road

MDU development activities include roads irrigation health education agriculture livestock fisheries and vocational training In addition the MDUs operate only in areas where traditionally RTG influenceservices have been virtually non-existent

50 KW

The -50 KW transmitter located in Sakon Nakhcn Province is nowshybroadcasting 12 hours per day Station 909 as it is known in the Northeast reaches a vast audience in the most critically insurgent region of Thailand

Station 909 has been able to counter the propaganda of both Radio Hanoi and Voice of the People of Thailahd broadcasting from somewhere in Laos Already several communists have defected to local authorities saying that 9091s influence had really convinced them to give themselves up

All US Army trainerstechnicians have been phased out from the site One contract technician still remains and is working closely with the National Security Command personnel Four USIS field reporterprogramming advisors are also working closely with NSC counterparts throughout the Northeast

USG M hopes to be able to transfer complete ownership to the

Royal Thai Government in the near future

22

Amphur Farmer Groups

Fourteen Amphur Farmer Groups consisting of 17 500 members from 450 village rice and agricultural clubs have been formed in six Northeastern ARD changwats Boards of Directors have been elected and a manager and staff employed The AFG managers and bookkeepers have received training in a special three-week session at Kasetsart University In additicn the AFG managers two local farm leaders per amphur and the amphur rice and agriculture officers have received two weeks participant training in Taiwan

To date ten 400-ton AFG warehouses for the storage of paddy and fertilizer have been completed and two others are 80 completed These same amphurs have also completed construction of combinashytion offices and equipment storage buildings Plans have been completed in Amphurs Chiang Khan and Dan Sai for specialized warehouses for cotton and peanuts

The majority of USOM-supplied equipment for this program from FY 66 procurement has been in country within the past 90 days and plans are being formulated for its use during the next cropping season This equipment includes farm tractors with attachments hand sprayers pickup trucks scales typewriters and duplicating machines

A production credit program for paddy was instituted in 12 of the 14 amphurs with five commercial banks furnishing credit in kind for fertilizer and pesticides The banks were assisted in this program by approximately 500 amphur officials village CD workers and selected school teachers who were trained to explain the program to farmers and assist with loan applications From 11 868 loan applicants 9 567 loans were approved and 8445 farmers actually elected to receive credit To date S 2 500 000 has been extended as credit under this program for the current crop year

A natural disaster guarantee fund has been established with USOM support to indemnify the participating banks in case of non-payment of loans because of flood drought and insect epidemics

23

In Changwat Loei credit for pesticides and sprayers amounting to $ 3 500 000 was furnished to 3 000 cotton farmers through the AFG by three private cotton companies

Future plans call for establishment of 14 new AFG in FY 68 in the ARD areas increasing membership in existing AFG establishment of a marketing credit program and intensified extension training for the AFG members

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Extension

Since the new Department of Extension is not yet in operation agricultural extension programs in Thailand are still being carried out through the Extension Divisions of the various departments of the Ministry of Agriculture The organization of the Department of Extension has been approved by the Ministry along with its functionsand responsibilities but has not yet been given official Cabinet approval Cnce Cabinet approval has been given and personnel problems are resolved the Department of Extension will carry on the present extension programs of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture initiating new programs as well Operation of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office at the Northeast Agricultural Center at Tha Phra will also be an active part of the program

At present staffing of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office has not been completed and only an Acting Regional Extension Director is stationed there Consequently training programs for

extension workers farm leaders and farmers that were originally scheduled to be done at Tha Phra have been carried out by the Extension Divisions of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture

In the sensitive changwats of Northeast Thailand so far in 1967 the Department of Agriculture has conducted four five-day Amphur Officer training meetingz with 237 officers receiving the training Department policies new programs crops and techniques were included in the training program Five four-day training

24

meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

26

Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

27

Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

28

The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

33

Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

14

FY 68 These two Caribous costing $ 18 000 000 each are outstanding hcst country self-help contributions to the air support capability of the Aviation Division It is anticipated that all TNPD large transportSTOL requirements will be met by these aircraft

Q Quartermaster Division

Embodied in this sub-project are the following TNPD divisions which were listed as separate sub-projects in the FY 67 ProAg Quartermaster Management Armament Vehicle Maintenance

(a) Quartermaster

Four building projects were initiated with completion due prior to December 31 1967

1 Test Range Improvements and Soundprcofing shycounterpart funds and US Government excess property

2 Guard Facilities and Offices - baht counterpart

3 Food Canteen - TNPD budget

4 Supply and storage facility near Automotive Rebuild shybaht ccunterpart

The QM area has been paved with asphalt - TNPD budget

Q1Li developed a program to store material salvaged from incoming boxes This is used to make crates andcr boxes for outgoing articles as necessary

(b) rmament

Reloading equipment for caliber 38 ammunition arrived in-country was set up and production began in May 1967

Gunsmiths have been trained for mobile repair teams These teams to be based at the TNPD Quartermaster Depot in Bangkok

15

will travel tc and from work at Regional Headquarters Changwad and Amphur stations to lessen the down time involved with

weapons which have heretofore necessarily been sent to Bangkok for repair Twenty men have been partially trained Approxishy

mately 4 000 Mossberg bolt action shotguns were modified and

repaired by the mobile gunsmithing teams during the year

Individual on-the-job training for gunsmiths in the machine shop

has been on an as-needed basis and has resulted in increased

efficiency in both fields The machine shop has become proficient

in weapons parts making

TNPD regulations concerning weapons repair have been revised

allowing more flexibility and relaxing previous stern measures

which hampered training and in effect restricted use of weapons

Obsolete weapons have been almost entirely turned in and replaced

by modern arms mostly USOM provided

(c) Vehicle Maintenance

As of November 1967 11 field garages have been built by joint

ThaiUSOM funding The BPP have four garages completed and

three under construction USOM funded the tocling and American

made vehicle parts fcr all of the field garages and the QM Nine

shops have been staffed and have had training in the use of their

tools and equipment A new parts warehouse is now under

construction at the QM counterpart funded Eighty-five mechanics

have had various levels of training

R Petroleum Suppcrt

The Petroleum program was apprcved in September 1966 US dollar funding was $500 000 in FY 66 and $735 000 in FY 67 The TNPD contributed counterpart funds amounting to $ 2 000 000 in FY 66 and $ 400 000 in FY 67 for transportation and distribution

of the petroleum

16

Tickets and control measures were developed and approved in April 1967 Petroleum started flowing in May 1967 As of November 1967 all divisions of the TNPD are receiving petroleum and books to draw fuel have been distributed to all regions of the Kingdom

As a result of this program TNPD patrol activity has increased and has resulted in around-the-clock law enforcement All units receiving petroleum such as Marine Pclice Aviation Division Highway Patrol Provincial Police and Border Patrol Police have recorded increase -in arrests resulting in their being a greater deterrent to insurgency and crime in all are-as

By the prcvisicn of increased petroleum allowances permitting operation of generators and battery chargers it is now possible for police field units to use their radios to meet increased reporting schedules thus providing better protection for the villagers

The Marine Police as a direct result of the petrcleum support program combined with receipt of new high-speed patrol craft have initiated Z4-hour-a-day patrol on the river and smashed a smugglers ring Also provision of petroleum has freed their POL budget to a1cw them to pay up back per diem accounts and POL bills

Remote Area Security

The RAS project is targeted to assist the BPP in fulfilling one of their assigned border security responsibilities - the creation of a friendly cooperating local population firmly commited to Thailand and willing to support the RTGBPP in identifying locating and eliminating communist subversives in the border regions

The RAS program brings the BPP into otherwise isolated villages tc invoke and provide positive improvements in the villagers living conditions as well as an expanded prospect for the future The objective of the RAS program is to involve the villager in his own development so that the projects their explanation and the peopleBPP relaticns will supply the villager with a reason and

17

desire to risk his life and property for a government which for him has previously been nonexistant negative or at least politically socially and geographically distant

In FY 67 six 15-man complements of BPP were trained by the US Seabees in village level self-help projects designed for the greatest political import - by responding to the felt needs of the villager These 15-man teams form the nucleus of 35-man TC development platoons one for each police area to be used in response to villager aspirations In the process of this on-the-job training the BPPSeabee teams accomplished the following in remote border villages

9 Schools were constructed 35 Bridges were constructed 65 Culverts-were implaced 57 Wells were dug and cased

107 Water seal privies were installed 17 Storage dams were constructed

7 STOL stripe were constructed 7 New BPP Platoon Hqs barracks were constructed

272 Kilometers of road were pioneered 45 304 Villagers were treated by medics

2 600 Villagers participated directly with projects 40 000 Villagers were directly affectedby projects

The third cycle of US Seabees are presently training three more BPP counterpart teams -

Nine US technicians were approved in FY 67 and seven are now in country The US technicians have hired and are training 25 Thai specialists in the fields of education agriculture animal husbandry vet medicine and sanitation These Thai specialists young educated locals are providing the extension of the US technical advisor to more areas of the border and they provide the bridge between the US technicians and the BPP who work at the village level Thai specialists will be increased to 35 in FY 68

18

The medical program of the RAS cost $400 000 in FY 67 The various cutlets of the BPP treated 50 000 patients per month around the borders of Thailand Fifty paramedics were trained as squad-level medics in basic medicinefirst aid techniques Another 250 remain to be trained which will bring to 454 or one for each squad the total number of BPP squad medics The medical program lost impetus when Embassy technicians were diverted and three US medical technicians will be contracted in FY 68 to properly supervise and monitor the civic action medical program

The BPP educational program staffs and operates 212 remote border schools All 384 school teachers had been re-trained on an annual basis but a transfer of personnel in early FY 68 depleted almost 40 percent of the trained teacher strength Retraining programs are underway to fill this gap and efforts are being made to transfer up to 25 schools each year to the Thai government ministry for support and staffing

The FY 68 target is to have each line platcon actively involved in population-commitment self-help projects at the village level The RAS personnel and support both US and Thai will be directed at assisting the platoons in developing the local populations within the platoon sphere of responsibility In FY 67 some of the most detailed intelligence gained by the BPP and which resulted in operations against communist elements were a direct result of RAS activities

Village Radio

-1 A total of 1 349 radios have been installed Regions 3 4 6 and 9 are 100 completed Region 5 has 50 of its radios installed and should be 100 completed by the end of December 1967 which will conclude all of Phase One Progress of installation of the radios has been delayed due to lack of helicopter support to enable the installation teams to reach inaccessible remote locations

2 PICCs have been prepared and submitted for 1 125 radios

plus supporting items for the implementation of Phase Two

19

of this project IBM data sheets have been prepared which give current status of all radio installation to include map coordinates operating frequencies and serial number of each radio

3 A central warehouse and repair shop has been established at the Signal Division compound in Bangkok under the auspices of the TNPD Thai technicians are being trained at these facilities to repair and operate the radios and other equipment To date formal and on-the-job training has been given to 12- installationteams of three men each and 15 radio repair technicians who work in the Bangkck and regional repair shops

4 DOLA has with their own budget provided eight technicians to work with the USOM and police installation teams

FIELD OPERA TIONS

Accelerated Rural Development

During FY 67 utilizing the USRTG resources provided in the FY 64 65 and 66 Project Agreements the ARD Project (a) Constructed about 280 kilometers of all-weather road and conducted follow-up on-the-job training for 1 543 construction workers in eleven changwats (b) initiated special agricultural activities in nine of the eleven changwats (c) Ccmpleted conshystruction of overhaul shops and engineering offices in three changwats (d) Provided engineering -and equipment overhaul services at the NEARDC for the ARD changwats (e) Staffed Thai changwat planning officer positions in all 14 changwats (f) Developed changwat development goals for the fourteen changwats - including preliminary mapped five-year roadshynedwork goals And (g) developed the yearly detailed men money and materials requirements to continue the project in 14 changwats and to initiate the project in four additional changwats

Of less tangible but perhaps far greater counterinsurgency value the planning and execution of ARD projects in the changwats have

20

become more nearly local government institutions designed to meet local needs The overall geographic priorities are still of necessity being set in Bangkok however the selection of specific activities and the locations within the changwats where these will be executed are tc a greater degree than ever before local options While accepting Bangkok leadership the Governors express their views on the impact of Bangkok ideas on chanswat activities with candor and vigor Recognizing the mid- and lowershylevel managerial weaknesses in the A-RD projects the Governors in fact recently seized the initiative to press the ARD Office for the establishment of an in-country training program in management principles and practices for changwat personnel

We anticipate a significant increase in productivity in FY 68 as a consequence of (a) The first quarter FY 68 receipt of the US equipment pledged in the FY 66 PrcAg - this receipt will almost double the total amount of equipment that was available during FY 67 (b) The skills maturation of the construction crews And (c) the managerial training and experience being provided ARD personnel in training sessions and on the job

Mobile Development Units

During the past year three new MDUs became operational making a total of 19 in Northern Northeastern Northwestern and Southern Thailand MDUs in 1968 will continue to increase at least at the present rate of three per year The National Security Commands (in Ministry of Defense) budget in support of MDUs is expected to double in FY 68 This increase in budget will be for both (1) new MDUs -and (2) increased inputs for established MDUs in the most critically insurgent areas

MDUs 3Nakhon Phanom 15Si Sa Ket and 4Nara Thiwas have expanded their working and learning youth program This program is designed to train village youth between the ages 15-25 in such skills as Carpentry barbering rubber tapping auto mechanics and agricultural practices By training village youth the National Security Command hopes both tc fill manpower gaps and also to deny the insurgents new recruits New-projects are under way in Uttaradit Surin and Pattani

21

Many MDUs are also now engaged in youthadult literacy classes

In November 28 operators and mechanics finished training at the Northeast Technical Institute in Korat and are now deployed in the field This training is a good example of coordination between MDU and ARD Coordination with ARD in establishment of provincial all-weather road networks is also improving in the ARD provinces Construction Company completed the first project road in Changwat Ubon Two platoon elements were deployed to Buri Ram and Si Sa Ket (Cambodian border) respectively to begin second projects while the third remained in Ubon to extend the first road

MDU development activities include roads irrigation health education agriculture livestock fisheries and vocational training In addition the MDUs operate only in areas where traditionally RTG influenceservices have been virtually non-existent

50 KW

The -50 KW transmitter located in Sakon Nakhcn Province is nowshybroadcasting 12 hours per day Station 909 as it is known in the Northeast reaches a vast audience in the most critically insurgent region of Thailand

Station 909 has been able to counter the propaganda of both Radio Hanoi and Voice of the People of Thailahd broadcasting from somewhere in Laos Already several communists have defected to local authorities saying that 9091s influence had really convinced them to give themselves up

All US Army trainerstechnicians have been phased out from the site One contract technician still remains and is working closely with the National Security Command personnel Four USIS field reporterprogramming advisors are also working closely with NSC counterparts throughout the Northeast

USG M hopes to be able to transfer complete ownership to the

Royal Thai Government in the near future

22

Amphur Farmer Groups

Fourteen Amphur Farmer Groups consisting of 17 500 members from 450 village rice and agricultural clubs have been formed in six Northeastern ARD changwats Boards of Directors have been elected and a manager and staff employed The AFG managers and bookkeepers have received training in a special three-week session at Kasetsart University In additicn the AFG managers two local farm leaders per amphur and the amphur rice and agriculture officers have received two weeks participant training in Taiwan

To date ten 400-ton AFG warehouses for the storage of paddy and fertilizer have been completed and two others are 80 completed These same amphurs have also completed construction of combinashytion offices and equipment storage buildings Plans have been completed in Amphurs Chiang Khan and Dan Sai for specialized warehouses for cotton and peanuts

The majority of USOM-supplied equipment for this program from FY 66 procurement has been in country within the past 90 days and plans are being formulated for its use during the next cropping season This equipment includes farm tractors with attachments hand sprayers pickup trucks scales typewriters and duplicating machines

A production credit program for paddy was instituted in 12 of the 14 amphurs with five commercial banks furnishing credit in kind for fertilizer and pesticides The banks were assisted in this program by approximately 500 amphur officials village CD workers and selected school teachers who were trained to explain the program to farmers and assist with loan applications From 11 868 loan applicants 9 567 loans were approved and 8445 farmers actually elected to receive credit To date S 2 500 000 has been extended as credit under this program for the current crop year

A natural disaster guarantee fund has been established with USOM support to indemnify the participating banks in case of non-payment of loans because of flood drought and insect epidemics

23

In Changwat Loei credit for pesticides and sprayers amounting to $ 3 500 000 was furnished to 3 000 cotton farmers through the AFG by three private cotton companies

Future plans call for establishment of 14 new AFG in FY 68 in the ARD areas increasing membership in existing AFG establishment of a marketing credit program and intensified extension training for the AFG members

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Extension

Since the new Department of Extension is not yet in operation agricultural extension programs in Thailand are still being carried out through the Extension Divisions of the various departments of the Ministry of Agriculture The organization of the Department of Extension has been approved by the Ministry along with its functionsand responsibilities but has not yet been given official Cabinet approval Cnce Cabinet approval has been given and personnel problems are resolved the Department of Extension will carry on the present extension programs of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture initiating new programs as well Operation of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office at the Northeast Agricultural Center at Tha Phra will also be an active part of the program

At present staffing of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office has not been completed and only an Acting Regional Extension Director is stationed there Consequently training programs for

extension workers farm leaders and farmers that were originally scheduled to be done at Tha Phra have been carried out by the Extension Divisions of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture

In the sensitive changwats of Northeast Thailand so far in 1967 the Department of Agriculture has conducted four five-day Amphur Officer training meetingz with 237 officers receiving the training Department policies new programs crops and techniques were included in the training program Five four-day training

24

meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

26

Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

27

Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

28

The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

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Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

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The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

15

will travel tc and from work at Regional Headquarters Changwad and Amphur stations to lessen the down time involved with

weapons which have heretofore necessarily been sent to Bangkok for repair Twenty men have been partially trained Approxishy

mately 4 000 Mossberg bolt action shotguns were modified and

repaired by the mobile gunsmithing teams during the year

Individual on-the-job training for gunsmiths in the machine shop

has been on an as-needed basis and has resulted in increased

efficiency in both fields The machine shop has become proficient

in weapons parts making

TNPD regulations concerning weapons repair have been revised

allowing more flexibility and relaxing previous stern measures

which hampered training and in effect restricted use of weapons

Obsolete weapons have been almost entirely turned in and replaced

by modern arms mostly USOM provided

(c) Vehicle Maintenance

As of November 1967 11 field garages have been built by joint

ThaiUSOM funding The BPP have four garages completed and

three under construction USOM funded the tocling and American

made vehicle parts fcr all of the field garages and the QM Nine

shops have been staffed and have had training in the use of their

tools and equipment A new parts warehouse is now under

construction at the QM counterpart funded Eighty-five mechanics

have had various levels of training

R Petroleum Suppcrt

The Petroleum program was apprcved in September 1966 US dollar funding was $500 000 in FY 66 and $735 000 in FY 67 The TNPD contributed counterpart funds amounting to $ 2 000 000 in FY 66 and $ 400 000 in FY 67 for transportation and distribution

of the petroleum

16

Tickets and control measures were developed and approved in April 1967 Petroleum started flowing in May 1967 As of November 1967 all divisions of the TNPD are receiving petroleum and books to draw fuel have been distributed to all regions of the Kingdom

As a result of this program TNPD patrol activity has increased and has resulted in around-the-clock law enforcement All units receiving petroleum such as Marine Pclice Aviation Division Highway Patrol Provincial Police and Border Patrol Police have recorded increase -in arrests resulting in their being a greater deterrent to insurgency and crime in all are-as

By the prcvisicn of increased petroleum allowances permitting operation of generators and battery chargers it is now possible for police field units to use their radios to meet increased reporting schedules thus providing better protection for the villagers

The Marine Police as a direct result of the petrcleum support program combined with receipt of new high-speed patrol craft have initiated Z4-hour-a-day patrol on the river and smashed a smugglers ring Also provision of petroleum has freed their POL budget to a1cw them to pay up back per diem accounts and POL bills

Remote Area Security

The RAS project is targeted to assist the BPP in fulfilling one of their assigned border security responsibilities - the creation of a friendly cooperating local population firmly commited to Thailand and willing to support the RTGBPP in identifying locating and eliminating communist subversives in the border regions

The RAS program brings the BPP into otherwise isolated villages tc invoke and provide positive improvements in the villagers living conditions as well as an expanded prospect for the future The objective of the RAS program is to involve the villager in his own development so that the projects their explanation and the peopleBPP relaticns will supply the villager with a reason and

17

desire to risk his life and property for a government which for him has previously been nonexistant negative or at least politically socially and geographically distant

In FY 67 six 15-man complements of BPP were trained by the US Seabees in village level self-help projects designed for the greatest political import - by responding to the felt needs of the villager These 15-man teams form the nucleus of 35-man TC development platoons one for each police area to be used in response to villager aspirations In the process of this on-the-job training the BPPSeabee teams accomplished the following in remote border villages

9 Schools were constructed 35 Bridges were constructed 65 Culverts-were implaced 57 Wells were dug and cased

107 Water seal privies were installed 17 Storage dams were constructed

7 STOL stripe were constructed 7 New BPP Platoon Hqs barracks were constructed

272 Kilometers of road were pioneered 45 304 Villagers were treated by medics

2 600 Villagers participated directly with projects 40 000 Villagers were directly affectedby projects

The third cycle of US Seabees are presently training three more BPP counterpart teams -

Nine US technicians were approved in FY 67 and seven are now in country The US technicians have hired and are training 25 Thai specialists in the fields of education agriculture animal husbandry vet medicine and sanitation These Thai specialists young educated locals are providing the extension of the US technical advisor to more areas of the border and they provide the bridge between the US technicians and the BPP who work at the village level Thai specialists will be increased to 35 in FY 68

18

The medical program of the RAS cost $400 000 in FY 67 The various cutlets of the BPP treated 50 000 patients per month around the borders of Thailand Fifty paramedics were trained as squad-level medics in basic medicinefirst aid techniques Another 250 remain to be trained which will bring to 454 or one for each squad the total number of BPP squad medics The medical program lost impetus when Embassy technicians were diverted and three US medical technicians will be contracted in FY 68 to properly supervise and monitor the civic action medical program

The BPP educational program staffs and operates 212 remote border schools All 384 school teachers had been re-trained on an annual basis but a transfer of personnel in early FY 68 depleted almost 40 percent of the trained teacher strength Retraining programs are underway to fill this gap and efforts are being made to transfer up to 25 schools each year to the Thai government ministry for support and staffing

The FY 68 target is to have each line platcon actively involved in population-commitment self-help projects at the village level The RAS personnel and support both US and Thai will be directed at assisting the platoons in developing the local populations within the platoon sphere of responsibility In FY 67 some of the most detailed intelligence gained by the BPP and which resulted in operations against communist elements were a direct result of RAS activities

Village Radio

-1 A total of 1 349 radios have been installed Regions 3 4 6 and 9 are 100 completed Region 5 has 50 of its radios installed and should be 100 completed by the end of December 1967 which will conclude all of Phase One Progress of installation of the radios has been delayed due to lack of helicopter support to enable the installation teams to reach inaccessible remote locations

2 PICCs have been prepared and submitted for 1 125 radios

plus supporting items for the implementation of Phase Two

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of this project IBM data sheets have been prepared which give current status of all radio installation to include map coordinates operating frequencies and serial number of each radio

3 A central warehouse and repair shop has been established at the Signal Division compound in Bangkok under the auspices of the TNPD Thai technicians are being trained at these facilities to repair and operate the radios and other equipment To date formal and on-the-job training has been given to 12- installationteams of three men each and 15 radio repair technicians who work in the Bangkck and regional repair shops

4 DOLA has with their own budget provided eight technicians to work with the USOM and police installation teams

FIELD OPERA TIONS

Accelerated Rural Development

During FY 67 utilizing the USRTG resources provided in the FY 64 65 and 66 Project Agreements the ARD Project (a) Constructed about 280 kilometers of all-weather road and conducted follow-up on-the-job training for 1 543 construction workers in eleven changwats (b) initiated special agricultural activities in nine of the eleven changwats (c) Ccmpleted conshystruction of overhaul shops and engineering offices in three changwats (d) Provided engineering -and equipment overhaul services at the NEARDC for the ARD changwats (e) Staffed Thai changwat planning officer positions in all 14 changwats (f) Developed changwat development goals for the fourteen changwats - including preliminary mapped five-year roadshynedwork goals And (g) developed the yearly detailed men money and materials requirements to continue the project in 14 changwats and to initiate the project in four additional changwats

Of less tangible but perhaps far greater counterinsurgency value the planning and execution of ARD projects in the changwats have

20

become more nearly local government institutions designed to meet local needs The overall geographic priorities are still of necessity being set in Bangkok however the selection of specific activities and the locations within the changwats where these will be executed are tc a greater degree than ever before local options While accepting Bangkok leadership the Governors express their views on the impact of Bangkok ideas on chanswat activities with candor and vigor Recognizing the mid- and lowershylevel managerial weaknesses in the A-RD projects the Governors in fact recently seized the initiative to press the ARD Office for the establishment of an in-country training program in management principles and practices for changwat personnel

We anticipate a significant increase in productivity in FY 68 as a consequence of (a) The first quarter FY 68 receipt of the US equipment pledged in the FY 66 PrcAg - this receipt will almost double the total amount of equipment that was available during FY 67 (b) The skills maturation of the construction crews And (c) the managerial training and experience being provided ARD personnel in training sessions and on the job

Mobile Development Units

During the past year three new MDUs became operational making a total of 19 in Northern Northeastern Northwestern and Southern Thailand MDUs in 1968 will continue to increase at least at the present rate of three per year The National Security Commands (in Ministry of Defense) budget in support of MDUs is expected to double in FY 68 This increase in budget will be for both (1) new MDUs -and (2) increased inputs for established MDUs in the most critically insurgent areas

MDUs 3Nakhon Phanom 15Si Sa Ket and 4Nara Thiwas have expanded their working and learning youth program This program is designed to train village youth between the ages 15-25 in such skills as Carpentry barbering rubber tapping auto mechanics and agricultural practices By training village youth the National Security Command hopes both tc fill manpower gaps and also to deny the insurgents new recruits New-projects are under way in Uttaradit Surin and Pattani

21

Many MDUs are also now engaged in youthadult literacy classes

In November 28 operators and mechanics finished training at the Northeast Technical Institute in Korat and are now deployed in the field This training is a good example of coordination between MDU and ARD Coordination with ARD in establishment of provincial all-weather road networks is also improving in the ARD provinces Construction Company completed the first project road in Changwat Ubon Two platoon elements were deployed to Buri Ram and Si Sa Ket (Cambodian border) respectively to begin second projects while the third remained in Ubon to extend the first road

MDU development activities include roads irrigation health education agriculture livestock fisheries and vocational training In addition the MDUs operate only in areas where traditionally RTG influenceservices have been virtually non-existent

50 KW

The -50 KW transmitter located in Sakon Nakhcn Province is nowshybroadcasting 12 hours per day Station 909 as it is known in the Northeast reaches a vast audience in the most critically insurgent region of Thailand

Station 909 has been able to counter the propaganda of both Radio Hanoi and Voice of the People of Thailahd broadcasting from somewhere in Laos Already several communists have defected to local authorities saying that 9091s influence had really convinced them to give themselves up

All US Army trainerstechnicians have been phased out from the site One contract technician still remains and is working closely with the National Security Command personnel Four USIS field reporterprogramming advisors are also working closely with NSC counterparts throughout the Northeast

USG M hopes to be able to transfer complete ownership to the

Royal Thai Government in the near future

22

Amphur Farmer Groups

Fourteen Amphur Farmer Groups consisting of 17 500 members from 450 village rice and agricultural clubs have been formed in six Northeastern ARD changwats Boards of Directors have been elected and a manager and staff employed The AFG managers and bookkeepers have received training in a special three-week session at Kasetsart University In additicn the AFG managers two local farm leaders per amphur and the amphur rice and agriculture officers have received two weeks participant training in Taiwan

To date ten 400-ton AFG warehouses for the storage of paddy and fertilizer have been completed and two others are 80 completed These same amphurs have also completed construction of combinashytion offices and equipment storage buildings Plans have been completed in Amphurs Chiang Khan and Dan Sai for specialized warehouses for cotton and peanuts

The majority of USOM-supplied equipment for this program from FY 66 procurement has been in country within the past 90 days and plans are being formulated for its use during the next cropping season This equipment includes farm tractors with attachments hand sprayers pickup trucks scales typewriters and duplicating machines

A production credit program for paddy was instituted in 12 of the 14 amphurs with five commercial banks furnishing credit in kind for fertilizer and pesticides The banks were assisted in this program by approximately 500 amphur officials village CD workers and selected school teachers who were trained to explain the program to farmers and assist with loan applications From 11 868 loan applicants 9 567 loans were approved and 8445 farmers actually elected to receive credit To date S 2 500 000 has been extended as credit under this program for the current crop year

A natural disaster guarantee fund has been established with USOM support to indemnify the participating banks in case of non-payment of loans because of flood drought and insect epidemics

23

In Changwat Loei credit for pesticides and sprayers amounting to $ 3 500 000 was furnished to 3 000 cotton farmers through the AFG by three private cotton companies

Future plans call for establishment of 14 new AFG in FY 68 in the ARD areas increasing membership in existing AFG establishment of a marketing credit program and intensified extension training for the AFG members

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Extension

Since the new Department of Extension is not yet in operation agricultural extension programs in Thailand are still being carried out through the Extension Divisions of the various departments of the Ministry of Agriculture The organization of the Department of Extension has been approved by the Ministry along with its functionsand responsibilities but has not yet been given official Cabinet approval Cnce Cabinet approval has been given and personnel problems are resolved the Department of Extension will carry on the present extension programs of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture initiating new programs as well Operation of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office at the Northeast Agricultural Center at Tha Phra will also be an active part of the program

At present staffing of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office has not been completed and only an Acting Regional Extension Director is stationed there Consequently training programs for

extension workers farm leaders and farmers that were originally scheduled to be done at Tha Phra have been carried out by the Extension Divisions of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture

In the sensitive changwats of Northeast Thailand so far in 1967 the Department of Agriculture has conducted four five-day Amphur Officer training meetingz with 237 officers receiving the training Department policies new programs crops and techniques were included in the training program Five four-day training

24

meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

26

Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

27

Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

28

The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

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3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

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Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

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Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

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The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

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Tickets and control measures were developed and approved in April 1967 Petroleum started flowing in May 1967 As of November 1967 all divisions of the TNPD are receiving petroleum and books to draw fuel have been distributed to all regions of the Kingdom

As a result of this program TNPD patrol activity has increased and has resulted in around-the-clock law enforcement All units receiving petroleum such as Marine Pclice Aviation Division Highway Patrol Provincial Police and Border Patrol Police have recorded increase -in arrests resulting in their being a greater deterrent to insurgency and crime in all are-as

By the prcvisicn of increased petroleum allowances permitting operation of generators and battery chargers it is now possible for police field units to use their radios to meet increased reporting schedules thus providing better protection for the villagers

The Marine Police as a direct result of the petrcleum support program combined with receipt of new high-speed patrol craft have initiated Z4-hour-a-day patrol on the river and smashed a smugglers ring Also provision of petroleum has freed their POL budget to a1cw them to pay up back per diem accounts and POL bills

Remote Area Security

The RAS project is targeted to assist the BPP in fulfilling one of their assigned border security responsibilities - the creation of a friendly cooperating local population firmly commited to Thailand and willing to support the RTGBPP in identifying locating and eliminating communist subversives in the border regions

The RAS program brings the BPP into otherwise isolated villages tc invoke and provide positive improvements in the villagers living conditions as well as an expanded prospect for the future The objective of the RAS program is to involve the villager in his own development so that the projects their explanation and the peopleBPP relaticns will supply the villager with a reason and

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desire to risk his life and property for a government which for him has previously been nonexistant negative or at least politically socially and geographically distant

In FY 67 six 15-man complements of BPP were trained by the US Seabees in village level self-help projects designed for the greatest political import - by responding to the felt needs of the villager These 15-man teams form the nucleus of 35-man TC development platoons one for each police area to be used in response to villager aspirations In the process of this on-the-job training the BPPSeabee teams accomplished the following in remote border villages

9 Schools were constructed 35 Bridges were constructed 65 Culverts-were implaced 57 Wells were dug and cased

107 Water seal privies were installed 17 Storage dams were constructed

7 STOL stripe were constructed 7 New BPP Platoon Hqs barracks were constructed

272 Kilometers of road were pioneered 45 304 Villagers were treated by medics

2 600 Villagers participated directly with projects 40 000 Villagers were directly affectedby projects

The third cycle of US Seabees are presently training three more BPP counterpart teams -

Nine US technicians were approved in FY 67 and seven are now in country The US technicians have hired and are training 25 Thai specialists in the fields of education agriculture animal husbandry vet medicine and sanitation These Thai specialists young educated locals are providing the extension of the US technical advisor to more areas of the border and they provide the bridge between the US technicians and the BPP who work at the village level Thai specialists will be increased to 35 in FY 68

18

The medical program of the RAS cost $400 000 in FY 67 The various cutlets of the BPP treated 50 000 patients per month around the borders of Thailand Fifty paramedics were trained as squad-level medics in basic medicinefirst aid techniques Another 250 remain to be trained which will bring to 454 or one for each squad the total number of BPP squad medics The medical program lost impetus when Embassy technicians were diverted and three US medical technicians will be contracted in FY 68 to properly supervise and monitor the civic action medical program

The BPP educational program staffs and operates 212 remote border schools All 384 school teachers had been re-trained on an annual basis but a transfer of personnel in early FY 68 depleted almost 40 percent of the trained teacher strength Retraining programs are underway to fill this gap and efforts are being made to transfer up to 25 schools each year to the Thai government ministry for support and staffing

The FY 68 target is to have each line platcon actively involved in population-commitment self-help projects at the village level The RAS personnel and support both US and Thai will be directed at assisting the platoons in developing the local populations within the platoon sphere of responsibility In FY 67 some of the most detailed intelligence gained by the BPP and which resulted in operations against communist elements were a direct result of RAS activities

Village Radio

-1 A total of 1 349 radios have been installed Regions 3 4 6 and 9 are 100 completed Region 5 has 50 of its radios installed and should be 100 completed by the end of December 1967 which will conclude all of Phase One Progress of installation of the radios has been delayed due to lack of helicopter support to enable the installation teams to reach inaccessible remote locations

2 PICCs have been prepared and submitted for 1 125 radios

plus supporting items for the implementation of Phase Two

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of this project IBM data sheets have been prepared which give current status of all radio installation to include map coordinates operating frequencies and serial number of each radio

3 A central warehouse and repair shop has been established at the Signal Division compound in Bangkok under the auspices of the TNPD Thai technicians are being trained at these facilities to repair and operate the radios and other equipment To date formal and on-the-job training has been given to 12- installationteams of three men each and 15 radio repair technicians who work in the Bangkck and regional repair shops

4 DOLA has with their own budget provided eight technicians to work with the USOM and police installation teams

FIELD OPERA TIONS

Accelerated Rural Development

During FY 67 utilizing the USRTG resources provided in the FY 64 65 and 66 Project Agreements the ARD Project (a) Constructed about 280 kilometers of all-weather road and conducted follow-up on-the-job training for 1 543 construction workers in eleven changwats (b) initiated special agricultural activities in nine of the eleven changwats (c) Ccmpleted conshystruction of overhaul shops and engineering offices in three changwats (d) Provided engineering -and equipment overhaul services at the NEARDC for the ARD changwats (e) Staffed Thai changwat planning officer positions in all 14 changwats (f) Developed changwat development goals for the fourteen changwats - including preliminary mapped five-year roadshynedwork goals And (g) developed the yearly detailed men money and materials requirements to continue the project in 14 changwats and to initiate the project in four additional changwats

Of less tangible but perhaps far greater counterinsurgency value the planning and execution of ARD projects in the changwats have

20

become more nearly local government institutions designed to meet local needs The overall geographic priorities are still of necessity being set in Bangkok however the selection of specific activities and the locations within the changwats where these will be executed are tc a greater degree than ever before local options While accepting Bangkok leadership the Governors express their views on the impact of Bangkok ideas on chanswat activities with candor and vigor Recognizing the mid- and lowershylevel managerial weaknesses in the A-RD projects the Governors in fact recently seized the initiative to press the ARD Office for the establishment of an in-country training program in management principles and practices for changwat personnel

We anticipate a significant increase in productivity in FY 68 as a consequence of (a) The first quarter FY 68 receipt of the US equipment pledged in the FY 66 PrcAg - this receipt will almost double the total amount of equipment that was available during FY 67 (b) The skills maturation of the construction crews And (c) the managerial training and experience being provided ARD personnel in training sessions and on the job

Mobile Development Units

During the past year three new MDUs became operational making a total of 19 in Northern Northeastern Northwestern and Southern Thailand MDUs in 1968 will continue to increase at least at the present rate of three per year The National Security Commands (in Ministry of Defense) budget in support of MDUs is expected to double in FY 68 This increase in budget will be for both (1) new MDUs -and (2) increased inputs for established MDUs in the most critically insurgent areas

MDUs 3Nakhon Phanom 15Si Sa Ket and 4Nara Thiwas have expanded their working and learning youth program This program is designed to train village youth between the ages 15-25 in such skills as Carpentry barbering rubber tapping auto mechanics and agricultural practices By training village youth the National Security Command hopes both tc fill manpower gaps and also to deny the insurgents new recruits New-projects are under way in Uttaradit Surin and Pattani

21

Many MDUs are also now engaged in youthadult literacy classes

In November 28 operators and mechanics finished training at the Northeast Technical Institute in Korat and are now deployed in the field This training is a good example of coordination between MDU and ARD Coordination with ARD in establishment of provincial all-weather road networks is also improving in the ARD provinces Construction Company completed the first project road in Changwat Ubon Two platoon elements were deployed to Buri Ram and Si Sa Ket (Cambodian border) respectively to begin second projects while the third remained in Ubon to extend the first road

MDU development activities include roads irrigation health education agriculture livestock fisheries and vocational training In addition the MDUs operate only in areas where traditionally RTG influenceservices have been virtually non-existent

50 KW

The -50 KW transmitter located in Sakon Nakhcn Province is nowshybroadcasting 12 hours per day Station 909 as it is known in the Northeast reaches a vast audience in the most critically insurgent region of Thailand

Station 909 has been able to counter the propaganda of both Radio Hanoi and Voice of the People of Thailahd broadcasting from somewhere in Laos Already several communists have defected to local authorities saying that 9091s influence had really convinced them to give themselves up

All US Army trainerstechnicians have been phased out from the site One contract technician still remains and is working closely with the National Security Command personnel Four USIS field reporterprogramming advisors are also working closely with NSC counterparts throughout the Northeast

USG M hopes to be able to transfer complete ownership to the

Royal Thai Government in the near future

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Amphur Farmer Groups

Fourteen Amphur Farmer Groups consisting of 17 500 members from 450 village rice and agricultural clubs have been formed in six Northeastern ARD changwats Boards of Directors have been elected and a manager and staff employed The AFG managers and bookkeepers have received training in a special three-week session at Kasetsart University In additicn the AFG managers two local farm leaders per amphur and the amphur rice and agriculture officers have received two weeks participant training in Taiwan

To date ten 400-ton AFG warehouses for the storage of paddy and fertilizer have been completed and two others are 80 completed These same amphurs have also completed construction of combinashytion offices and equipment storage buildings Plans have been completed in Amphurs Chiang Khan and Dan Sai for specialized warehouses for cotton and peanuts

The majority of USOM-supplied equipment for this program from FY 66 procurement has been in country within the past 90 days and plans are being formulated for its use during the next cropping season This equipment includes farm tractors with attachments hand sprayers pickup trucks scales typewriters and duplicating machines

A production credit program for paddy was instituted in 12 of the 14 amphurs with five commercial banks furnishing credit in kind for fertilizer and pesticides The banks were assisted in this program by approximately 500 amphur officials village CD workers and selected school teachers who were trained to explain the program to farmers and assist with loan applications From 11 868 loan applicants 9 567 loans were approved and 8445 farmers actually elected to receive credit To date S 2 500 000 has been extended as credit under this program for the current crop year

A natural disaster guarantee fund has been established with USOM support to indemnify the participating banks in case of non-payment of loans because of flood drought and insect epidemics

23

In Changwat Loei credit for pesticides and sprayers amounting to $ 3 500 000 was furnished to 3 000 cotton farmers through the AFG by three private cotton companies

Future plans call for establishment of 14 new AFG in FY 68 in the ARD areas increasing membership in existing AFG establishment of a marketing credit program and intensified extension training for the AFG members

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Extension

Since the new Department of Extension is not yet in operation agricultural extension programs in Thailand are still being carried out through the Extension Divisions of the various departments of the Ministry of Agriculture The organization of the Department of Extension has been approved by the Ministry along with its functionsand responsibilities but has not yet been given official Cabinet approval Cnce Cabinet approval has been given and personnel problems are resolved the Department of Extension will carry on the present extension programs of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture initiating new programs as well Operation of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office at the Northeast Agricultural Center at Tha Phra will also be an active part of the program

At present staffing of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office has not been completed and only an Acting Regional Extension Director is stationed there Consequently training programs for

extension workers farm leaders and farmers that were originally scheduled to be done at Tha Phra have been carried out by the Extension Divisions of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture

In the sensitive changwats of Northeast Thailand so far in 1967 the Department of Agriculture has conducted four five-day Amphur Officer training meetingz with 237 officers receiving the training Department policies new programs crops and techniques were included in the training program Five four-day training

24

meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

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Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

27

Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

28

The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

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Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

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The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

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desire to risk his life and property for a government which for him has previously been nonexistant negative or at least politically socially and geographically distant

In FY 67 six 15-man complements of BPP were trained by the US Seabees in village level self-help projects designed for the greatest political import - by responding to the felt needs of the villager These 15-man teams form the nucleus of 35-man TC development platoons one for each police area to be used in response to villager aspirations In the process of this on-the-job training the BPPSeabee teams accomplished the following in remote border villages

9 Schools were constructed 35 Bridges were constructed 65 Culverts-were implaced 57 Wells were dug and cased

107 Water seal privies were installed 17 Storage dams were constructed

7 STOL stripe were constructed 7 New BPP Platoon Hqs barracks were constructed

272 Kilometers of road were pioneered 45 304 Villagers were treated by medics

2 600 Villagers participated directly with projects 40 000 Villagers were directly affectedby projects

The third cycle of US Seabees are presently training three more BPP counterpart teams -

Nine US technicians were approved in FY 67 and seven are now in country The US technicians have hired and are training 25 Thai specialists in the fields of education agriculture animal husbandry vet medicine and sanitation These Thai specialists young educated locals are providing the extension of the US technical advisor to more areas of the border and they provide the bridge between the US technicians and the BPP who work at the village level Thai specialists will be increased to 35 in FY 68

18

The medical program of the RAS cost $400 000 in FY 67 The various cutlets of the BPP treated 50 000 patients per month around the borders of Thailand Fifty paramedics were trained as squad-level medics in basic medicinefirst aid techniques Another 250 remain to be trained which will bring to 454 or one for each squad the total number of BPP squad medics The medical program lost impetus when Embassy technicians were diverted and three US medical technicians will be contracted in FY 68 to properly supervise and monitor the civic action medical program

The BPP educational program staffs and operates 212 remote border schools All 384 school teachers had been re-trained on an annual basis but a transfer of personnel in early FY 68 depleted almost 40 percent of the trained teacher strength Retraining programs are underway to fill this gap and efforts are being made to transfer up to 25 schools each year to the Thai government ministry for support and staffing

The FY 68 target is to have each line platcon actively involved in population-commitment self-help projects at the village level The RAS personnel and support both US and Thai will be directed at assisting the platoons in developing the local populations within the platoon sphere of responsibility In FY 67 some of the most detailed intelligence gained by the BPP and which resulted in operations against communist elements were a direct result of RAS activities

Village Radio

-1 A total of 1 349 radios have been installed Regions 3 4 6 and 9 are 100 completed Region 5 has 50 of its radios installed and should be 100 completed by the end of December 1967 which will conclude all of Phase One Progress of installation of the radios has been delayed due to lack of helicopter support to enable the installation teams to reach inaccessible remote locations

2 PICCs have been prepared and submitted for 1 125 radios

plus supporting items for the implementation of Phase Two

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of this project IBM data sheets have been prepared which give current status of all radio installation to include map coordinates operating frequencies and serial number of each radio

3 A central warehouse and repair shop has been established at the Signal Division compound in Bangkok under the auspices of the TNPD Thai technicians are being trained at these facilities to repair and operate the radios and other equipment To date formal and on-the-job training has been given to 12- installationteams of three men each and 15 radio repair technicians who work in the Bangkck and regional repair shops

4 DOLA has with their own budget provided eight technicians to work with the USOM and police installation teams

FIELD OPERA TIONS

Accelerated Rural Development

During FY 67 utilizing the USRTG resources provided in the FY 64 65 and 66 Project Agreements the ARD Project (a) Constructed about 280 kilometers of all-weather road and conducted follow-up on-the-job training for 1 543 construction workers in eleven changwats (b) initiated special agricultural activities in nine of the eleven changwats (c) Ccmpleted conshystruction of overhaul shops and engineering offices in three changwats (d) Provided engineering -and equipment overhaul services at the NEARDC for the ARD changwats (e) Staffed Thai changwat planning officer positions in all 14 changwats (f) Developed changwat development goals for the fourteen changwats - including preliminary mapped five-year roadshynedwork goals And (g) developed the yearly detailed men money and materials requirements to continue the project in 14 changwats and to initiate the project in four additional changwats

Of less tangible but perhaps far greater counterinsurgency value the planning and execution of ARD projects in the changwats have

20

become more nearly local government institutions designed to meet local needs The overall geographic priorities are still of necessity being set in Bangkok however the selection of specific activities and the locations within the changwats where these will be executed are tc a greater degree than ever before local options While accepting Bangkok leadership the Governors express their views on the impact of Bangkok ideas on chanswat activities with candor and vigor Recognizing the mid- and lowershylevel managerial weaknesses in the A-RD projects the Governors in fact recently seized the initiative to press the ARD Office for the establishment of an in-country training program in management principles and practices for changwat personnel

We anticipate a significant increase in productivity in FY 68 as a consequence of (a) The first quarter FY 68 receipt of the US equipment pledged in the FY 66 PrcAg - this receipt will almost double the total amount of equipment that was available during FY 67 (b) The skills maturation of the construction crews And (c) the managerial training and experience being provided ARD personnel in training sessions and on the job

Mobile Development Units

During the past year three new MDUs became operational making a total of 19 in Northern Northeastern Northwestern and Southern Thailand MDUs in 1968 will continue to increase at least at the present rate of three per year The National Security Commands (in Ministry of Defense) budget in support of MDUs is expected to double in FY 68 This increase in budget will be for both (1) new MDUs -and (2) increased inputs for established MDUs in the most critically insurgent areas

MDUs 3Nakhon Phanom 15Si Sa Ket and 4Nara Thiwas have expanded their working and learning youth program This program is designed to train village youth between the ages 15-25 in such skills as Carpentry barbering rubber tapping auto mechanics and agricultural practices By training village youth the National Security Command hopes both tc fill manpower gaps and also to deny the insurgents new recruits New-projects are under way in Uttaradit Surin and Pattani

21

Many MDUs are also now engaged in youthadult literacy classes

In November 28 operators and mechanics finished training at the Northeast Technical Institute in Korat and are now deployed in the field This training is a good example of coordination between MDU and ARD Coordination with ARD in establishment of provincial all-weather road networks is also improving in the ARD provinces Construction Company completed the first project road in Changwat Ubon Two platoon elements were deployed to Buri Ram and Si Sa Ket (Cambodian border) respectively to begin second projects while the third remained in Ubon to extend the first road

MDU development activities include roads irrigation health education agriculture livestock fisheries and vocational training In addition the MDUs operate only in areas where traditionally RTG influenceservices have been virtually non-existent

50 KW

The -50 KW transmitter located in Sakon Nakhcn Province is nowshybroadcasting 12 hours per day Station 909 as it is known in the Northeast reaches a vast audience in the most critically insurgent region of Thailand

Station 909 has been able to counter the propaganda of both Radio Hanoi and Voice of the People of Thailahd broadcasting from somewhere in Laos Already several communists have defected to local authorities saying that 9091s influence had really convinced them to give themselves up

All US Army trainerstechnicians have been phased out from the site One contract technician still remains and is working closely with the National Security Command personnel Four USIS field reporterprogramming advisors are also working closely with NSC counterparts throughout the Northeast

USG M hopes to be able to transfer complete ownership to the

Royal Thai Government in the near future

22

Amphur Farmer Groups

Fourteen Amphur Farmer Groups consisting of 17 500 members from 450 village rice and agricultural clubs have been formed in six Northeastern ARD changwats Boards of Directors have been elected and a manager and staff employed The AFG managers and bookkeepers have received training in a special three-week session at Kasetsart University In additicn the AFG managers two local farm leaders per amphur and the amphur rice and agriculture officers have received two weeks participant training in Taiwan

To date ten 400-ton AFG warehouses for the storage of paddy and fertilizer have been completed and two others are 80 completed These same amphurs have also completed construction of combinashytion offices and equipment storage buildings Plans have been completed in Amphurs Chiang Khan and Dan Sai for specialized warehouses for cotton and peanuts

The majority of USOM-supplied equipment for this program from FY 66 procurement has been in country within the past 90 days and plans are being formulated for its use during the next cropping season This equipment includes farm tractors with attachments hand sprayers pickup trucks scales typewriters and duplicating machines

A production credit program for paddy was instituted in 12 of the 14 amphurs with five commercial banks furnishing credit in kind for fertilizer and pesticides The banks were assisted in this program by approximately 500 amphur officials village CD workers and selected school teachers who were trained to explain the program to farmers and assist with loan applications From 11 868 loan applicants 9 567 loans were approved and 8445 farmers actually elected to receive credit To date S 2 500 000 has been extended as credit under this program for the current crop year

A natural disaster guarantee fund has been established with USOM support to indemnify the participating banks in case of non-payment of loans because of flood drought and insect epidemics

23

In Changwat Loei credit for pesticides and sprayers amounting to $ 3 500 000 was furnished to 3 000 cotton farmers through the AFG by three private cotton companies

Future plans call for establishment of 14 new AFG in FY 68 in the ARD areas increasing membership in existing AFG establishment of a marketing credit program and intensified extension training for the AFG members

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Extension

Since the new Department of Extension is not yet in operation agricultural extension programs in Thailand are still being carried out through the Extension Divisions of the various departments of the Ministry of Agriculture The organization of the Department of Extension has been approved by the Ministry along with its functionsand responsibilities but has not yet been given official Cabinet approval Cnce Cabinet approval has been given and personnel problems are resolved the Department of Extension will carry on the present extension programs of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture initiating new programs as well Operation of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office at the Northeast Agricultural Center at Tha Phra will also be an active part of the program

At present staffing of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office has not been completed and only an Acting Regional Extension Director is stationed there Consequently training programs for

extension workers farm leaders and farmers that were originally scheduled to be done at Tha Phra have been carried out by the Extension Divisions of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture

In the sensitive changwats of Northeast Thailand so far in 1967 the Department of Agriculture has conducted four five-day Amphur Officer training meetingz with 237 officers receiving the training Department policies new programs crops and techniques were included in the training program Five four-day training

24

meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

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Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

27

Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

28

The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

33

Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

18

The medical program of the RAS cost $400 000 in FY 67 The various cutlets of the BPP treated 50 000 patients per month around the borders of Thailand Fifty paramedics were trained as squad-level medics in basic medicinefirst aid techniques Another 250 remain to be trained which will bring to 454 or one for each squad the total number of BPP squad medics The medical program lost impetus when Embassy technicians were diverted and three US medical technicians will be contracted in FY 68 to properly supervise and monitor the civic action medical program

The BPP educational program staffs and operates 212 remote border schools All 384 school teachers had been re-trained on an annual basis but a transfer of personnel in early FY 68 depleted almost 40 percent of the trained teacher strength Retraining programs are underway to fill this gap and efforts are being made to transfer up to 25 schools each year to the Thai government ministry for support and staffing

The FY 68 target is to have each line platcon actively involved in population-commitment self-help projects at the village level The RAS personnel and support both US and Thai will be directed at assisting the platoons in developing the local populations within the platoon sphere of responsibility In FY 67 some of the most detailed intelligence gained by the BPP and which resulted in operations against communist elements were a direct result of RAS activities

Village Radio

-1 A total of 1 349 radios have been installed Regions 3 4 6 and 9 are 100 completed Region 5 has 50 of its radios installed and should be 100 completed by the end of December 1967 which will conclude all of Phase One Progress of installation of the radios has been delayed due to lack of helicopter support to enable the installation teams to reach inaccessible remote locations

2 PICCs have been prepared and submitted for 1 125 radios

plus supporting items for the implementation of Phase Two

19

of this project IBM data sheets have been prepared which give current status of all radio installation to include map coordinates operating frequencies and serial number of each radio

3 A central warehouse and repair shop has been established at the Signal Division compound in Bangkok under the auspices of the TNPD Thai technicians are being trained at these facilities to repair and operate the radios and other equipment To date formal and on-the-job training has been given to 12- installationteams of three men each and 15 radio repair technicians who work in the Bangkck and regional repair shops

4 DOLA has with their own budget provided eight technicians to work with the USOM and police installation teams

FIELD OPERA TIONS

Accelerated Rural Development

During FY 67 utilizing the USRTG resources provided in the FY 64 65 and 66 Project Agreements the ARD Project (a) Constructed about 280 kilometers of all-weather road and conducted follow-up on-the-job training for 1 543 construction workers in eleven changwats (b) initiated special agricultural activities in nine of the eleven changwats (c) Ccmpleted conshystruction of overhaul shops and engineering offices in three changwats (d) Provided engineering -and equipment overhaul services at the NEARDC for the ARD changwats (e) Staffed Thai changwat planning officer positions in all 14 changwats (f) Developed changwat development goals for the fourteen changwats - including preliminary mapped five-year roadshynedwork goals And (g) developed the yearly detailed men money and materials requirements to continue the project in 14 changwats and to initiate the project in four additional changwats

Of less tangible but perhaps far greater counterinsurgency value the planning and execution of ARD projects in the changwats have

20

become more nearly local government institutions designed to meet local needs The overall geographic priorities are still of necessity being set in Bangkok however the selection of specific activities and the locations within the changwats where these will be executed are tc a greater degree than ever before local options While accepting Bangkok leadership the Governors express their views on the impact of Bangkok ideas on chanswat activities with candor and vigor Recognizing the mid- and lowershylevel managerial weaknesses in the A-RD projects the Governors in fact recently seized the initiative to press the ARD Office for the establishment of an in-country training program in management principles and practices for changwat personnel

We anticipate a significant increase in productivity in FY 68 as a consequence of (a) The first quarter FY 68 receipt of the US equipment pledged in the FY 66 PrcAg - this receipt will almost double the total amount of equipment that was available during FY 67 (b) The skills maturation of the construction crews And (c) the managerial training and experience being provided ARD personnel in training sessions and on the job

Mobile Development Units

During the past year three new MDUs became operational making a total of 19 in Northern Northeastern Northwestern and Southern Thailand MDUs in 1968 will continue to increase at least at the present rate of three per year The National Security Commands (in Ministry of Defense) budget in support of MDUs is expected to double in FY 68 This increase in budget will be for both (1) new MDUs -and (2) increased inputs for established MDUs in the most critically insurgent areas

MDUs 3Nakhon Phanom 15Si Sa Ket and 4Nara Thiwas have expanded their working and learning youth program This program is designed to train village youth between the ages 15-25 in such skills as Carpentry barbering rubber tapping auto mechanics and agricultural practices By training village youth the National Security Command hopes both tc fill manpower gaps and also to deny the insurgents new recruits New-projects are under way in Uttaradit Surin and Pattani

21

Many MDUs are also now engaged in youthadult literacy classes

In November 28 operators and mechanics finished training at the Northeast Technical Institute in Korat and are now deployed in the field This training is a good example of coordination between MDU and ARD Coordination with ARD in establishment of provincial all-weather road networks is also improving in the ARD provinces Construction Company completed the first project road in Changwat Ubon Two platoon elements were deployed to Buri Ram and Si Sa Ket (Cambodian border) respectively to begin second projects while the third remained in Ubon to extend the first road

MDU development activities include roads irrigation health education agriculture livestock fisheries and vocational training In addition the MDUs operate only in areas where traditionally RTG influenceservices have been virtually non-existent

50 KW

The -50 KW transmitter located in Sakon Nakhcn Province is nowshybroadcasting 12 hours per day Station 909 as it is known in the Northeast reaches a vast audience in the most critically insurgent region of Thailand

Station 909 has been able to counter the propaganda of both Radio Hanoi and Voice of the People of Thailahd broadcasting from somewhere in Laos Already several communists have defected to local authorities saying that 9091s influence had really convinced them to give themselves up

All US Army trainerstechnicians have been phased out from the site One contract technician still remains and is working closely with the National Security Command personnel Four USIS field reporterprogramming advisors are also working closely with NSC counterparts throughout the Northeast

USG M hopes to be able to transfer complete ownership to the

Royal Thai Government in the near future

22

Amphur Farmer Groups

Fourteen Amphur Farmer Groups consisting of 17 500 members from 450 village rice and agricultural clubs have been formed in six Northeastern ARD changwats Boards of Directors have been elected and a manager and staff employed The AFG managers and bookkeepers have received training in a special three-week session at Kasetsart University In additicn the AFG managers two local farm leaders per amphur and the amphur rice and agriculture officers have received two weeks participant training in Taiwan

To date ten 400-ton AFG warehouses for the storage of paddy and fertilizer have been completed and two others are 80 completed These same amphurs have also completed construction of combinashytion offices and equipment storage buildings Plans have been completed in Amphurs Chiang Khan and Dan Sai for specialized warehouses for cotton and peanuts

The majority of USOM-supplied equipment for this program from FY 66 procurement has been in country within the past 90 days and plans are being formulated for its use during the next cropping season This equipment includes farm tractors with attachments hand sprayers pickup trucks scales typewriters and duplicating machines

A production credit program for paddy was instituted in 12 of the 14 amphurs with five commercial banks furnishing credit in kind for fertilizer and pesticides The banks were assisted in this program by approximately 500 amphur officials village CD workers and selected school teachers who were trained to explain the program to farmers and assist with loan applications From 11 868 loan applicants 9 567 loans were approved and 8445 farmers actually elected to receive credit To date S 2 500 000 has been extended as credit under this program for the current crop year

A natural disaster guarantee fund has been established with USOM support to indemnify the participating banks in case of non-payment of loans because of flood drought and insect epidemics

23

In Changwat Loei credit for pesticides and sprayers amounting to $ 3 500 000 was furnished to 3 000 cotton farmers through the AFG by three private cotton companies

Future plans call for establishment of 14 new AFG in FY 68 in the ARD areas increasing membership in existing AFG establishment of a marketing credit program and intensified extension training for the AFG members

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Extension

Since the new Department of Extension is not yet in operation agricultural extension programs in Thailand are still being carried out through the Extension Divisions of the various departments of the Ministry of Agriculture The organization of the Department of Extension has been approved by the Ministry along with its functionsand responsibilities but has not yet been given official Cabinet approval Cnce Cabinet approval has been given and personnel problems are resolved the Department of Extension will carry on the present extension programs of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture initiating new programs as well Operation of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office at the Northeast Agricultural Center at Tha Phra will also be an active part of the program

At present staffing of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office has not been completed and only an Acting Regional Extension Director is stationed there Consequently training programs for

extension workers farm leaders and farmers that were originally scheduled to be done at Tha Phra have been carried out by the Extension Divisions of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture

In the sensitive changwats of Northeast Thailand so far in 1967 the Department of Agriculture has conducted four five-day Amphur Officer training meetingz with 237 officers receiving the training Department policies new programs crops and techniques were included in the training program Five four-day training

24

meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

26

Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

27

Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

28

The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

33

Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

19

of this project IBM data sheets have been prepared which give current status of all radio installation to include map coordinates operating frequencies and serial number of each radio

3 A central warehouse and repair shop has been established at the Signal Division compound in Bangkok under the auspices of the TNPD Thai technicians are being trained at these facilities to repair and operate the radios and other equipment To date formal and on-the-job training has been given to 12- installationteams of three men each and 15 radio repair technicians who work in the Bangkck and regional repair shops

4 DOLA has with their own budget provided eight technicians to work with the USOM and police installation teams

FIELD OPERA TIONS

Accelerated Rural Development

During FY 67 utilizing the USRTG resources provided in the FY 64 65 and 66 Project Agreements the ARD Project (a) Constructed about 280 kilometers of all-weather road and conducted follow-up on-the-job training for 1 543 construction workers in eleven changwats (b) initiated special agricultural activities in nine of the eleven changwats (c) Ccmpleted conshystruction of overhaul shops and engineering offices in three changwats (d) Provided engineering -and equipment overhaul services at the NEARDC for the ARD changwats (e) Staffed Thai changwat planning officer positions in all 14 changwats (f) Developed changwat development goals for the fourteen changwats - including preliminary mapped five-year roadshynedwork goals And (g) developed the yearly detailed men money and materials requirements to continue the project in 14 changwats and to initiate the project in four additional changwats

Of less tangible but perhaps far greater counterinsurgency value the planning and execution of ARD projects in the changwats have

20

become more nearly local government institutions designed to meet local needs The overall geographic priorities are still of necessity being set in Bangkok however the selection of specific activities and the locations within the changwats where these will be executed are tc a greater degree than ever before local options While accepting Bangkok leadership the Governors express their views on the impact of Bangkok ideas on chanswat activities with candor and vigor Recognizing the mid- and lowershylevel managerial weaknesses in the A-RD projects the Governors in fact recently seized the initiative to press the ARD Office for the establishment of an in-country training program in management principles and practices for changwat personnel

We anticipate a significant increase in productivity in FY 68 as a consequence of (a) The first quarter FY 68 receipt of the US equipment pledged in the FY 66 PrcAg - this receipt will almost double the total amount of equipment that was available during FY 67 (b) The skills maturation of the construction crews And (c) the managerial training and experience being provided ARD personnel in training sessions and on the job

Mobile Development Units

During the past year three new MDUs became operational making a total of 19 in Northern Northeastern Northwestern and Southern Thailand MDUs in 1968 will continue to increase at least at the present rate of three per year The National Security Commands (in Ministry of Defense) budget in support of MDUs is expected to double in FY 68 This increase in budget will be for both (1) new MDUs -and (2) increased inputs for established MDUs in the most critically insurgent areas

MDUs 3Nakhon Phanom 15Si Sa Ket and 4Nara Thiwas have expanded their working and learning youth program This program is designed to train village youth between the ages 15-25 in such skills as Carpentry barbering rubber tapping auto mechanics and agricultural practices By training village youth the National Security Command hopes both tc fill manpower gaps and also to deny the insurgents new recruits New-projects are under way in Uttaradit Surin and Pattani

21

Many MDUs are also now engaged in youthadult literacy classes

In November 28 operators and mechanics finished training at the Northeast Technical Institute in Korat and are now deployed in the field This training is a good example of coordination between MDU and ARD Coordination with ARD in establishment of provincial all-weather road networks is also improving in the ARD provinces Construction Company completed the first project road in Changwat Ubon Two platoon elements were deployed to Buri Ram and Si Sa Ket (Cambodian border) respectively to begin second projects while the third remained in Ubon to extend the first road

MDU development activities include roads irrigation health education agriculture livestock fisheries and vocational training In addition the MDUs operate only in areas where traditionally RTG influenceservices have been virtually non-existent

50 KW

The -50 KW transmitter located in Sakon Nakhcn Province is nowshybroadcasting 12 hours per day Station 909 as it is known in the Northeast reaches a vast audience in the most critically insurgent region of Thailand

Station 909 has been able to counter the propaganda of both Radio Hanoi and Voice of the People of Thailahd broadcasting from somewhere in Laos Already several communists have defected to local authorities saying that 9091s influence had really convinced them to give themselves up

All US Army trainerstechnicians have been phased out from the site One contract technician still remains and is working closely with the National Security Command personnel Four USIS field reporterprogramming advisors are also working closely with NSC counterparts throughout the Northeast

USG M hopes to be able to transfer complete ownership to the

Royal Thai Government in the near future

22

Amphur Farmer Groups

Fourteen Amphur Farmer Groups consisting of 17 500 members from 450 village rice and agricultural clubs have been formed in six Northeastern ARD changwats Boards of Directors have been elected and a manager and staff employed The AFG managers and bookkeepers have received training in a special three-week session at Kasetsart University In additicn the AFG managers two local farm leaders per amphur and the amphur rice and agriculture officers have received two weeks participant training in Taiwan

To date ten 400-ton AFG warehouses for the storage of paddy and fertilizer have been completed and two others are 80 completed These same amphurs have also completed construction of combinashytion offices and equipment storage buildings Plans have been completed in Amphurs Chiang Khan and Dan Sai for specialized warehouses for cotton and peanuts

The majority of USOM-supplied equipment for this program from FY 66 procurement has been in country within the past 90 days and plans are being formulated for its use during the next cropping season This equipment includes farm tractors with attachments hand sprayers pickup trucks scales typewriters and duplicating machines

A production credit program for paddy was instituted in 12 of the 14 amphurs with five commercial banks furnishing credit in kind for fertilizer and pesticides The banks were assisted in this program by approximately 500 amphur officials village CD workers and selected school teachers who were trained to explain the program to farmers and assist with loan applications From 11 868 loan applicants 9 567 loans were approved and 8445 farmers actually elected to receive credit To date S 2 500 000 has been extended as credit under this program for the current crop year

A natural disaster guarantee fund has been established with USOM support to indemnify the participating banks in case of non-payment of loans because of flood drought and insect epidemics

23

In Changwat Loei credit for pesticides and sprayers amounting to $ 3 500 000 was furnished to 3 000 cotton farmers through the AFG by three private cotton companies

Future plans call for establishment of 14 new AFG in FY 68 in the ARD areas increasing membership in existing AFG establishment of a marketing credit program and intensified extension training for the AFG members

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Extension

Since the new Department of Extension is not yet in operation agricultural extension programs in Thailand are still being carried out through the Extension Divisions of the various departments of the Ministry of Agriculture The organization of the Department of Extension has been approved by the Ministry along with its functionsand responsibilities but has not yet been given official Cabinet approval Cnce Cabinet approval has been given and personnel problems are resolved the Department of Extension will carry on the present extension programs of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture initiating new programs as well Operation of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office at the Northeast Agricultural Center at Tha Phra will also be an active part of the program

At present staffing of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office has not been completed and only an Acting Regional Extension Director is stationed there Consequently training programs for

extension workers farm leaders and farmers that were originally scheduled to be done at Tha Phra have been carried out by the Extension Divisions of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture

In the sensitive changwats of Northeast Thailand so far in 1967 the Department of Agriculture has conducted four five-day Amphur Officer training meetingz with 237 officers receiving the training Department policies new programs crops and techniques were included in the training program Five four-day training

24

meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

26

Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

27

Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

28

The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

33

Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

20

become more nearly local government institutions designed to meet local needs The overall geographic priorities are still of necessity being set in Bangkok however the selection of specific activities and the locations within the changwats where these will be executed are tc a greater degree than ever before local options While accepting Bangkok leadership the Governors express their views on the impact of Bangkok ideas on chanswat activities with candor and vigor Recognizing the mid- and lowershylevel managerial weaknesses in the A-RD projects the Governors in fact recently seized the initiative to press the ARD Office for the establishment of an in-country training program in management principles and practices for changwat personnel

We anticipate a significant increase in productivity in FY 68 as a consequence of (a) The first quarter FY 68 receipt of the US equipment pledged in the FY 66 PrcAg - this receipt will almost double the total amount of equipment that was available during FY 67 (b) The skills maturation of the construction crews And (c) the managerial training and experience being provided ARD personnel in training sessions and on the job

Mobile Development Units

During the past year three new MDUs became operational making a total of 19 in Northern Northeastern Northwestern and Southern Thailand MDUs in 1968 will continue to increase at least at the present rate of three per year The National Security Commands (in Ministry of Defense) budget in support of MDUs is expected to double in FY 68 This increase in budget will be for both (1) new MDUs -and (2) increased inputs for established MDUs in the most critically insurgent areas

MDUs 3Nakhon Phanom 15Si Sa Ket and 4Nara Thiwas have expanded their working and learning youth program This program is designed to train village youth between the ages 15-25 in such skills as Carpentry barbering rubber tapping auto mechanics and agricultural practices By training village youth the National Security Command hopes both tc fill manpower gaps and also to deny the insurgents new recruits New-projects are under way in Uttaradit Surin and Pattani

21

Many MDUs are also now engaged in youthadult literacy classes

In November 28 operators and mechanics finished training at the Northeast Technical Institute in Korat and are now deployed in the field This training is a good example of coordination between MDU and ARD Coordination with ARD in establishment of provincial all-weather road networks is also improving in the ARD provinces Construction Company completed the first project road in Changwat Ubon Two platoon elements were deployed to Buri Ram and Si Sa Ket (Cambodian border) respectively to begin second projects while the third remained in Ubon to extend the first road

MDU development activities include roads irrigation health education agriculture livestock fisheries and vocational training In addition the MDUs operate only in areas where traditionally RTG influenceservices have been virtually non-existent

50 KW

The -50 KW transmitter located in Sakon Nakhcn Province is nowshybroadcasting 12 hours per day Station 909 as it is known in the Northeast reaches a vast audience in the most critically insurgent region of Thailand

Station 909 has been able to counter the propaganda of both Radio Hanoi and Voice of the People of Thailahd broadcasting from somewhere in Laos Already several communists have defected to local authorities saying that 9091s influence had really convinced them to give themselves up

All US Army trainerstechnicians have been phased out from the site One contract technician still remains and is working closely with the National Security Command personnel Four USIS field reporterprogramming advisors are also working closely with NSC counterparts throughout the Northeast

USG M hopes to be able to transfer complete ownership to the

Royal Thai Government in the near future

22

Amphur Farmer Groups

Fourteen Amphur Farmer Groups consisting of 17 500 members from 450 village rice and agricultural clubs have been formed in six Northeastern ARD changwats Boards of Directors have been elected and a manager and staff employed The AFG managers and bookkeepers have received training in a special three-week session at Kasetsart University In additicn the AFG managers two local farm leaders per amphur and the amphur rice and agriculture officers have received two weeks participant training in Taiwan

To date ten 400-ton AFG warehouses for the storage of paddy and fertilizer have been completed and two others are 80 completed These same amphurs have also completed construction of combinashytion offices and equipment storage buildings Plans have been completed in Amphurs Chiang Khan and Dan Sai for specialized warehouses for cotton and peanuts

The majority of USOM-supplied equipment for this program from FY 66 procurement has been in country within the past 90 days and plans are being formulated for its use during the next cropping season This equipment includes farm tractors with attachments hand sprayers pickup trucks scales typewriters and duplicating machines

A production credit program for paddy was instituted in 12 of the 14 amphurs with five commercial banks furnishing credit in kind for fertilizer and pesticides The banks were assisted in this program by approximately 500 amphur officials village CD workers and selected school teachers who were trained to explain the program to farmers and assist with loan applications From 11 868 loan applicants 9 567 loans were approved and 8445 farmers actually elected to receive credit To date S 2 500 000 has been extended as credit under this program for the current crop year

A natural disaster guarantee fund has been established with USOM support to indemnify the participating banks in case of non-payment of loans because of flood drought and insect epidemics

23

In Changwat Loei credit for pesticides and sprayers amounting to $ 3 500 000 was furnished to 3 000 cotton farmers through the AFG by three private cotton companies

Future plans call for establishment of 14 new AFG in FY 68 in the ARD areas increasing membership in existing AFG establishment of a marketing credit program and intensified extension training for the AFG members

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Extension

Since the new Department of Extension is not yet in operation agricultural extension programs in Thailand are still being carried out through the Extension Divisions of the various departments of the Ministry of Agriculture The organization of the Department of Extension has been approved by the Ministry along with its functionsand responsibilities but has not yet been given official Cabinet approval Cnce Cabinet approval has been given and personnel problems are resolved the Department of Extension will carry on the present extension programs of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture initiating new programs as well Operation of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office at the Northeast Agricultural Center at Tha Phra will also be an active part of the program

At present staffing of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office has not been completed and only an Acting Regional Extension Director is stationed there Consequently training programs for

extension workers farm leaders and farmers that were originally scheduled to be done at Tha Phra have been carried out by the Extension Divisions of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture

In the sensitive changwats of Northeast Thailand so far in 1967 the Department of Agriculture has conducted four five-day Amphur Officer training meetingz with 237 officers receiving the training Department policies new programs crops and techniques were included in the training program Five four-day training

24

meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

26

Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

27

Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

28

The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

33

Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

21

Many MDUs are also now engaged in youthadult literacy classes

In November 28 operators and mechanics finished training at the Northeast Technical Institute in Korat and are now deployed in the field This training is a good example of coordination between MDU and ARD Coordination with ARD in establishment of provincial all-weather road networks is also improving in the ARD provinces Construction Company completed the first project road in Changwat Ubon Two platoon elements were deployed to Buri Ram and Si Sa Ket (Cambodian border) respectively to begin second projects while the third remained in Ubon to extend the first road

MDU development activities include roads irrigation health education agriculture livestock fisheries and vocational training In addition the MDUs operate only in areas where traditionally RTG influenceservices have been virtually non-existent

50 KW

The -50 KW transmitter located in Sakon Nakhcn Province is nowshybroadcasting 12 hours per day Station 909 as it is known in the Northeast reaches a vast audience in the most critically insurgent region of Thailand

Station 909 has been able to counter the propaganda of both Radio Hanoi and Voice of the People of Thailahd broadcasting from somewhere in Laos Already several communists have defected to local authorities saying that 9091s influence had really convinced them to give themselves up

All US Army trainerstechnicians have been phased out from the site One contract technician still remains and is working closely with the National Security Command personnel Four USIS field reporterprogramming advisors are also working closely with NSC counterparts throughout the Northeast

USG M hopes to be able to transfer complete ownership to the

Royal Thai Government in the near future

22

Amphur Farmer Groups

Fourteen Amphur Farmer Groups consisting of 17 500 members from 450 village rice and agricultural clubs have been formed in six Northeastern ARD changwats Boards of Directors have been elected and a manager and staff employed The AFG managers and bookkeepers have received training in a special three-week session at Kasetsart University In additicn the AFG managers two local farm leaders per amphur and the amphur rice and agriculture officers have received two weeks participant training in Taiwan

To date ten 400-ton AFG warehouses for the storage of paddy and fertilizer have been completed and two others are 80 completed These same amphurs have also completed construction of combinashytion offices and equipment storage buildings Plans have been completed in Amphurs Chiang Khan and Dan Sai for specialized warehouses for cotton and peanuts

The majority of USOM-supplied equipment for this program from FY 66 procurement has been in country within the past 90 days and plans are being formulated for its use during the next cropping season This equipment includes farm tractors with attachments hand sprayers pickup trucks scales typewriters and duplicating machines

A production credit program for paddy was instituted in 12 of the 14 amphurs with five commercial banks furnishing credit in kind for fertilizer and pesticides The banks were assisted in this program by approximately 500 amphur officials village CD workers and selected school teachers who were trained to explain the program to farmers and assist with loan applications From 11 868 loan applicants 9 567 loans were approved and 8445 farmers actually elected to receive credit To date S 2 500 000 has been extended as credit under this program for the current crop year

A natural disaster guarantee fund has been established with USOM support to indemnify the participating banks in case of non-payment of loans because of flood drought and insect epidemics

23

In Changwat Loei credit for pesticides and sprayers amounting to $ 3 500 000 was furnished to 3 000 cotton farmers through the AFG by three private cotton companies

Future plans call for establishment of 14 new AFG in FY 68 in the ARD areas increasing membership in existing AFG establishment of a marketing credit program and intensified extension training for the AFG members

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Extension

Since the new Department of Extension is not yet in operation agricultural extension programs in Thailand are still being carried out through the Extension Divisions of the various departments of the Ministry of Agriculture The organization of the Department of Extension has been approved by the Ministry along with its functionsand responsibilities but has not yet been given official Cabinet approval Cnce Cabinet approval has been given and personnel problems are resolved the Department of Extension will carry on the present extension programs of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture initiating new programs as well Operation of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office at the Northeast Agricultural Center at Tha Phra will also be an active part of the program

At present staffing of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office has not been completed and only an Acting Regional Extension Director is stationed there Consequently training programs for

extension workers farm leaders and farmers that were originally scheduled to be done at Tha Phra have been carried out by the Extension Divisions of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture

In the sensitive changwats of Northeast Thailand so far in 1967 the Department of Agriculture has conducted four five-day Amphur Officer training meetingz with 237 officers receiving the training Department policies new programs crops and techniques were included in the training program Five four-day training

24

meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

26

Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

27

Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

28

The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

33

Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

22

Amphur Farmer Groups

Fourteen Amphur Farmer Groups consisting of 17 500 members from 450 village rice and agricultural clubs have been formed in six Northeastern ARD changwats Boards of Directors have been elected and a manager and staff employed The AFG managers and bookkeepers have received training in a special three-week session at Kasetsart University In additicn the AFG managers two local farm leaders per amphur and the amphur rice and agriculture officers have received two weeks participant training in Taiwan

To date ten 400-ton AFG warehouses for the storage of paddy and fertilizer have been completed and two others are 80 completed These same amphurs have also completed construction of combinashytion offices and equipment storage buildings Plans have been completed in Amphurs Chiang Khan and Dan Sai for specialized warehouses for cotton and peanuts

The majority of USOM-supplied equipment for this program from FY 66 procurement has been in country within the past 90 days and plans are being formulated for its use during the next cropping season This equipment includes farm tractors with attachments hand sprayers pickup trucks scales typewriters and duplicating machines

A production credit program for paddy was instituted in 12 of the 14 amphurs with five commercial banks furnishing credit in kind for fertilizer and pesticides The banks were assisted in this program by approximately 500 amphur officials village CD workers and selected school teachers who were trained to explain the program to farmers and assist with loan applications From 11 868 loan applicants 9 567 loans were approved and 8445 farmers actually elected to receive credit To date S 2 500 000 has been extended as credit under this program for the current crop year

A natural disaster guarantee fund has been established with USOM support to indemnify the participating banks in case of non-payment of loans because of flood drought and insect epidemics

23

In Changwat Loei credit for pesticides and sprayers amounting to $ 3 500 000 was furnished to 3 000 cotton farmers through the AFG by three private cotton companies

Future plans call for establishment of 14 new AFG in FY 68 in the ARD areas increasing membership in existing AFG establishment of a marketing credit program and intensified extension training for the AFG members

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Extension

Since the new Department of Extension is not yet in operation agricultural extension programs in Thailand are still being carried out through the Extension Divisions of the various departments of the Ministry of Agriculture The organization of the Department of Extension has been approved by the Ministry along with its functionsand responsibilities but has not yet been given official Cabinet approval Cnce Cabinet approval has been given and personnel problems are resolved the Department of Extension will carry on the present extension programs of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture initiating new programs as well Operation of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office at the Northeast Agricultural Center at Tha Phra will also be an active part of the program

At present staffing of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office has not been completed and only an Acting Regional Extension Director is stationed there Consequently training programs for

extension workers farm leaders and farmers that were originally scheduled to be done at Tha Phra have been carried out by the Extension Divisions of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture

In the sensitive changwats of Northeast Thailand so far in 1967 the Department of Agriculture has conducted four five-day Amphur Officer training meetingz with 237 officers receiving the training Department policies new programs crops and techniques were included in the training program Five four-day training

24

meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

26

Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

27

Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

28

The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

33

Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

23

In Changwat Loei credit for pesticides and sprayers amounting to $ 3 500 000 was furnished to 3 000 cotton farmers through the AFG by three private cotton companies

Future plans call for establishment of 14 new AFG in FY 68 in the ARD areas increasing membership in existing AFG establishment of a marketing credit program and intensified extension training for the AFG members

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Extension

Since the new Department of Extension is not yet in operation agricultural extension programs in Thailand are still being carried out through the Extension Divisions of the various departments of the Ministry of Agriculture The organization of the Department of Extension has been approved by the Ministry along with its functionsand responsibilities but has not yet been given official Cabinet approval Cnce Cabinet approval has been given and personnel problems are resolved the Department of Extension will carry on the present extension programs of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture initiating new programs as well Operation of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office at the Northeast Agricultural Center at Tha Phra will also be an active part of the program

At present staffing of the Northeast Agricultural Extension Office has not been completed and only an Acting Regional Extension Director is stationed there Consequently training programs for

extension workers farm leaders and farmers that were originally scheduled to be done at Tha Phra have been carried out by the Extension Divisions of the Rice Department and the Department of Agriculture

In the sensitive changwats of Northeast Thailand so far in 1967 the Department of Agriculture has conducted four five-day Amphur Officer training meetingz with 237 officers receiving the training Department policies new programs crops and techniques were included in the training program Five four-day training

24

meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

26

Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

27

Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

28

The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

33

Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

24

meetings for farmers were conducted with 414 farmers from sensitive amphurs receiving training in upland crops production pest control fertilizer application and second crop recommendations Fifty-fcur 4-H local leaders received training on organizing clubs program planning and project subject matter at a four-day local leader training conference 415 outstanding farmers and farmer association leaders were selected and attended the National Agricultural Days at Kasetsart University

The Rice Departments training program in the sensitive changwats of the Northeast included A one-month in-service training course

for extension officers 43 officers received the training 100-new extension officers received 15 days of pre-service training to acquaint them with their new jobs with department policies and the latest rice

cultural techniques This training was in addition to the regular pre-service training course given to all new rice officers after they are hired The regular course is a six-month course 71 changwat extension officers attended a 5-day training meeting on increasing rice production pest control new varieties and the latest recomshymendations of the Denartment Two 2-day amphur farmer leader training meetings were held and a one-day study tour forfarmer leaders was conducted 190 farmers took part in these sessions At the National Farmer Club Conference 600 Farmer Club leaders and club representatives were given the opportunity to draw up plans for club activities and elect national officers During the 7-day conference training sessions which included group discussions covered rice production pest and disease control farm machinery credit and marketing and improved varieties An additional 100 farmer club leaders were given similar training at a 5-day changwat meeting A 7-day meeting on pest and disease control was conducted with 60 farmers attending and getting the latest information on the pest control programs and techniques to be used by the Department

Both the Department of Agriculture and the Rice Department will conduct additional training sessions for farmers and extension officers during the mcnth of December

Both departments are planning promotional campaigns with USOMs cooperation Agricultures is a campaign to promote cotton production A color sound film on cotton production is nearing

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

26

Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

27

Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

28

The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

33

Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

25

ccmpleticn and supplementary materials such as instructional bulletins leaflets posters charts and radio and TV programs have been -alanned Rice Department is planning a campaign to increase rice production The campaign will include a motivashytional film three or four How-to-dc-it films bulletins leaflets charts and posters and radio and TV programs

The biggest concentraticn of effort cf the extension program is the crop pest and disease control program The principal effort in this program is the control of rice gall midge and foot rot in rice Cther crop pests such as army worm stem borer thrip etc are also being controlled but since-gall midge and foot rot are the biggest causes of crop losses the major effort is being put on the control of these twolpests With USOMs assistance the Ministry of Agricultures Pest and Disease Control Units are teaching control methods and procedures to the farmers to protect 1 000 000 rai against gall midge in Northeast Thailand Every farmer in the sensitive areas of the Northeast is tc be given training in seed treatment for foct rot control These training sessions for farmers have been going on at the amphur level as have the training sessions for gall nidge control and were not included in the training sessions mentioned earlier in this report Training has been supervised and conducted by changwat and amphur rice officers assisted by Pest and Disease Control Unit officars It is difficult to give a number of farmers trained or to even estimate but the Ministrys goal is to reach every farmer in the sensitive areas cf the Northeast with this program and at the same time carry out an effective pest control program for the entire kingdom The big thrust with this program is in the 16 sensitive changwats but additional work must and is being done in the other 55 changwats of the Kingdom

It is anticipated that the new Extension Department will be operative son after the first cf the new year Over 2 000 officers will be assigned to the Department With this staff the extension program as it is now will be greatly expanded and several new cub-projects will be introduced The Ministry anticipates that a sound wellshycoordinated extension program for the Kingdom with special emphasis on assistance to the sensitive areas of the Northeast and North will be effected oy this new Department

26

Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

27

Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

28

The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

33

Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

26

Soil and Water Development

1 Soil Survey To date fifteen soil survey teams have completed field work on over thirty-three (33) million rai of detailed reconnaisshy

sance soil surveys in the 12 highest priority ARD changwats of the

Northeast The Rci Et soil survey report was completed and published in 1966 This is the first full changwat report published

The English version of the repcrt is now ready for printing The scale of these surveys is 150 000 S3ome special detailed surveys have been completed for small areas (1500 rai size) on a

scale of 110 0O00 These are on areas where detailed conservation plans are needed

21 Soil Survey Interpretation Project initiated early in 1966 has carried on with studies of the major scil series of the Ncrtheast region sites of study include Khcn Kaen Leei Ubon and Nalhon

Phancm Scil suitability charts were made for 30 soil series and

are now in use by DLD and other agencies

3 Land Capability Classificaticn System was developed for soils of Northeast Thailand It is currently used for making capability

classificaticn It is being adapted for use Kingdom-wide with aid

of FAO soil scientists

4 Soil Conservation Operations In 1966 Calendar Year (last six months) and 1967 (first six months) fifteen soil conservation

teams and seven Soil and Water Conservation Centers operated

in 16 ARD amphur to carry on soil and water research farm demonstrations and assist farmers and villagers on farm production

practices Approxirmately 105 DLD technicians were involved in

this operation in Fiscal Year 1967 and a similar number in Fiscal Year 1968

To date DLD technicians have provided services to over 8 000 farmers in the Northeact Demonstration plots were established on 412 farms The fellowing is a tabulation of coneervation practices

carried cut at DLD centers and on demonstration farms Farm Ponds 32 terraces 70 000 meters contcur farming 8070 rmi conshyservation crop rotations 13 000 rai grassed waterways 15 600 meters irrigation systenE on 3630 rai lend clearing on 6 000rai

village projects to repair and improve existing water structures - 5 grass planting fcr plant increase seedlings 1200 rai at seedbed

grass planting of pastures 2600 rai

27

Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

28

The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

33

Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

27

Economic surveys were made of 856 farmers Solved scil conshyservation and production problems for 983 farmers on 11 386 rai of farm land Distributed 3170 bulletins to 1110 farmers 79 farmer group meetings were held involving 4425 farmers 330 soil samples were anplyzed 663 families were advised on how tc use and apply commercial fertilizer 354 farmers were assisted in the making of compost pits

5 Conservation Informaticn Activities Spent a total of 141 hours in teaching 1215 farmers conservation production practices and a total of 68 hours teaching 889 school children Assisted farmers in establishing 7 self-help libraries Published and disshytributed 1500 copies each month of land develcpment news Published and distributed 281 650 leaflets cn conservation and land development Develcped and produced 15 TV programs 3 radic programs and 16 feature newspaper articles Prepared annual reocrt of the work cf each Division of DLD

6 Technical Information and Guides DLD developed published and printed a technical handbook which includes conservashytion practice specifications and guides for DLD technicians Farm conservation planning procedures were initiated in 1967

The Watershed Planning Section of the Scil and Water Conservation Division completed surveys of two watershed areas covering an area of over 800 000 rai the Lam Takcng and the Lam Pac

7 Training Activritiec The PASA advicory team has assisted

DLD in the training of cver 250 of their technicians in crganized shy

training courses The first group of 105 was rcvided two weeks of

training at Bangkok and Pak Chcng in June and July of 1966 This training was fcllcwed up by advisors Lowe and Bordsen at field locations in the Ncrtheast Over 70 of these technicians left DLD for other work before the end of Fiscal Year 1967 DLD did not have a sufficient quota of Civil Service cpenings to hold them hence they went to cther government agencies or into private employment In 1967 a group of 70 technicians was provided six weeks of intensive cn-the-job training in soil and water ccnservation at Ubon andKhon Kaen (September 4 to Cctober 14) In June of 1967 over 50 of DLD scil conservationists were providbd one week of soil survey training at Khon Kaen

28

The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

33

Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

28

The PASA soil scientist has provided intensive training to 34 soil scientists in soil survey interpretation This has been on a dayshyto-day basis in office and field In addition he has assisted DLD in the conduct of two soil survey seminars involving over 60 soil

scientists The program objectives and targets are being advanced very slowly The program is moving at less than 50 of what was anticipated Program coordination is wanting especially as it pertains to cooperation with other components of the RTG (for example ARD program)

Agricultural Research

The research facilities and research programs of the Northeast Agricultural Center are being developed by the Ministry of Agriculture with the cooperation of USOM and the University of Kentucky Emphasis to date has been on the selection and training of personnel and on construction of research facilities both aimed at building an institution capable of successfully attacking the agricultural problems of Northeast Thailand

Land for the Center has been obtained cleared and planted A laboratory building and an office building as well as numerous small buildings and houses have been constructed Thirty-five participants have been selected and sent to the United States for advanced training

Preliminary experiments have shown that a variety of crops and livestcck can be produced in the Northeast with reasonable production levels The aim of the research program now being developed is to further refine these techniques to study their long-term usefulness and to fit them into agricultural production systems which are practical for farmers of the Northeast

Agricultural Economics

Training Program The principal function of the Division of Agricultural Econcmics is research therefore training during the year has been limited to in- service training of technicians of the Division Four one-week training sessions were held during the year An average of 60 technicians from the Northeast and Central Plain Regions attended each of the four conferences

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

33

Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

29

Activity and accomplishments for the year are principally under two sub-activities Farm Planning and Marketing

Under the latter the Marketing Section has increased the distribution of weekly market newsletters quoting Bangkok wholesale prices on all major agricultural commodities from 5 000 copies per week to 7 500 per week to key recipients throughout the Kingdom with emphasis in the Northeast Four radio stations in this region receive these quotations and broadcast them on a regular schedule in the local dialect

A 30-page report cn the study of Market News System in Northeast Thailand has been published in both Thai and English earlier this year

A 6 0-page report on price paid and price received by farmers in the Northeast will be ready for publication by the end of this month

Under the sub-activity of Farm Management seven farm planning teams based in the border provinces have now developed sufficient skill to be able to assist farm innovators to keep accurate coot return data on all crops produced Earlier data has been of questionable reliability due to the inability to separate costs crop by crop

Based on a conclusion drawn by the Thai Project Leader that further study of farm operations at the traditional level of management is of limited value selected farmer innovators in each of seven border changwats are now engaged in intensive production practices in certain crops suited to their particular farm layout soil type overall plan and proximity to markets

These innovators operating at a rational level of agricultural production are supplying cost benefit data that can be applied on a regional basis As an example the introduction of a DSE feed grain grinder reduces the cost of poultry and swine rations by 100 by substituting locally produced ccrn andcr sorghum for rice bran and broken rice One caged layer project in Nakhon Phanom now has over 200 laying hens on this ration Net returns are 40 satang per egg with an average of 175 eggs per day The cost of the feed grinder is under 200 baht

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

33

Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

30

Simple windmills produced at a cost under 3 500 baht are now being introduced to lift water from wells 100 feet deep to relief tanks supplying water to the family household pcultry barns swine pens gardens and seed beds

Participant Training At present six participants are studying in the US toward advanced degrees two in marketing two in farm management one in statistics and one in agriculture During the year two returned with MS degrees - one in Agricultural Economics and one in Statistics

Sixteen received third-country training Eight have already returned from Taiwan and Korea and eight more will return from Taiwan and the Philippines on December 20 1967

Progress has been slow in farm planning research but the RTG has expressed its confidence in the project by picking up seven presently existing farm planning teams in their regular RTG budget effective in April Extension or terminal funding in support of these teams is proposed for three of these teams until April

EDUCATION

Technical Training for ARD

This project which gives job-entry training for a broad range of positions in the construction operations of ARD LD CD MDU and other employers is a cooperative activity of USCM the Thai Ministry of Education (MCE) and ARD During the past year the following accomplishments were recorded

1 Training of more than 700 entry workers (50 more than the total of preceding years current year goals exceed 1 400)

2 Development of a system (put into use in current year) of training heavy equipment operators and mechanics at a rate more than double the rate previously possible This method utilizes ARD construction sites and equipment for more than half of the total period of training

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

33

Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

31

3 Development and acquisition of numerous training aids instructional plans and instructional materisls (bi-lingual) (This process-will continue throughout the current year also)

4 Substantial improvement in mutual planning and coordination of training activity among USOM MOE and ARD Cne aspect of this was the establishment of a joint committee on training curriculum

which assures that the training be (and remain) tailcreed to current job descriptions

5 Training (continued in current year) of 43 MOE personnel in instructional content and techniques relevant to this training program

Certain of these MOE personnel will be retained on the staff of NETI

as approved by the Royal Thai Bureau of the Budget

Rural Training

1 Changwat Educational Development

The Changwat Education Development Project was initiated late in

FY 66 as a sub-activity of the Rural Educaticn Project It was

designed to provide graphic evidence in even the most remote

villages of the sensitive areas that the RTG is vitally concerned with the educational needs of its citizens While still too new to

shcw anything but limited statistics or physical accomplishments it is hopefully contributing to economic development through the improveshy

ment of basic pro-vocaticnal skills improvad literacy rates and increased holding power of the rural schools

Since supervisory services of both the regional and the changwat supervisory units are viewed as a key to improved education

special assistance is given these units Due to the arrival of USOM supplied vehicles supervisory visits in the three changwats

of Sakon Nakhon Nakhon Phancm and Ubon have increased from a total- of 585 for the entire preceding school year to over 400 for the a

first two months alone of the current year Due to USOM supplied

instructional aids such as professional books filmstrips and duplicating machines these visits are proving much more productive In addition in-service sessions for teachers are increasing in number are much better attended and according to the participants are much more worthwhile

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

33

Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

32

Another facet of the CED Project is the establishment of upper level elementary demonstration schools in the Northeast With the help of FY 67 USOM funds 22 schools will soon be getting basic science math and social studies equipment and will be adapted for use as

centers for in-service teacher training and demonstration teaching Another 22 of the 88 planned hopefully will be established next year

The third part of present project activity is the consolidation of

upper secondary schools in the Northeast New construction funded

by the RTG will soon be completed and instructional equipment

furnished by USOM is scheduled to arrive at the same time

The final sub-activity assisted under the project is the radicshy

education effort of the Ministry of Education Over recently

completed radio station 909 in Sakon Nakhon educational programs

will be broadcast for students as well as for teachers These

programs will be heard over 300 USCM supplied radio receivers soon to be delivered to the MCE

Based on apparently successful results of the project so far plans

call for expansion of all present sub-activities plus the addition of

new efforts in adult education and amphur level (junior-high)

schools The first of these new activities will emphasize literacy

pre-vocational and vocational training for young cut-of-school adults

living in remote rural areas The amphur schools program will

emphasize skill development for rural living for both boys and girls and will emphasize ever-increasing RTG- school-community

relationships through utilization of extensive home projects plans

2 Mobile Trade Training Units

The Mobile Trade Training Units first established in 1960 with one unit have now expanded to seven units Five of these units have

been asCisted with AID commodities Equipment tools and vehicles

for an additional eleven units were ordered in FY 67 The first of

these eleven new units Unit No 8 will open in Ncng Kai the 10th

of December 1967 AID assistance to date has been $383 000

From 1960 to present 14 000 people have been trained in the various skill areas which the units are teaching The additional

units will make it poseible to train 1 000 people per year per unit

Short-course training is also provided by the Bangkok Polytechnical

Institute 18 skill areas of training are provided The Poly Tech Institute also provides pre-service teacher training for the new

teacher recruits for the new Mobile Units This Institute also

graduates 2 500 people a year in the various skill areas This

33

Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

33

Institute is presently receiving AID assistance in the form of excestf US property which has been generated in Thailand

3 Textbooks and Instructional Materials

Production records in the Department of Education Techniques indicate that fcur textbooks have been printed recently on paper supplied by the U1OM with manufacturing costs paid from Counterpart Fund Titles and quantities are as follows

Title Pages Illustrations Quantity

Thai Reader - 1- 32 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 1_ 72 Four - Color 283 000 Thai Reader - 13 64 Four - Color 283 000 Arithmetic - 1 100 Two - Color 240 000

The above four titles are scheduled for delivery to schools during December

Presently in production are four items for which manuscripts and all art work have been prepared These items are as follows

Thai Reader Pre-Primer I - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 2 - 40 Pages Thai Reader Pre-Primer 3 - 40 Pages Arithmetic Flip Charts - 97 Charts

New manuscripts for Social Studies Prathoms 1 amp 2 have been drafted These titles are now in preliminary editorial stages

IBRD Vocational Education

This is a five-year RTG-financed project started in 1966 to improve 25 vocational schools including 14 Trade Schools a Technical Teachers College 9 Agricultural Schools and an Agricultural Teachers Cclege The RTG borrowed six million dollars in October 1966 from the World Bank to procure imported commodities put up 16 million dollars in local currency for building construction and renovation obtained RTG Bureau of the Budget concurrence to finance participant training for 200 vocational instructors over the five-year period Total cost to RTG will exceed $27 million or 90o cf the total project cost

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

34

The US Government is providing four direct-hire vocational education advisors and six agriculture education specialists through a contract with California Polytechnic College and negotiating a contract with Oklahoma State University to provide a team of seven trade and industrial education specialists The total cost to the US Government will be approximately $3 million over the five year period or 1014 of the project cost

Progress to date

October 1966

January 1967

March 1967

Summer 1967

October 1967

World Bank Loan signed First direct-hire advisor arrived Japanese architectural firm started master

plans for building construction Negotiations started with two universities

to furnish contract teams Maintenance and Supply Division had been

organized to handle equipment orders receipt distribution installation and maintenance

The four direct-hire advisors on duty identifying equipment requirements and working with architects on building requirements

Specifications for tools and equipment started Contract with Cal Poly signed Construction started on the houses at the Agricultural Teachers College for contract team members The Director General of Vocational Education and the Director of the Technical Teachers College visited the US to orient contract team members

The D G and the College Director again visited the US and participated in the selection of a university for the Trade and Industrial Educashytion Contract The Cal Poly Team arrived

First list of equipment specifications with bid invitation forwarded to World Bank for review Other lists to follow at monthly intervals for nine months for total of six million dollars worth of commodities Equipment delivery to coincide with completion of buildings

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

35

November 1967 Architects completed working drawings on most of 130 new buildings for 15 Trade Schcls and 65 new buildings for 10 Agricultural Schools Contractors will submit bids in January 1968 and start ccnstruction in February

The Cal Poly team members are improving the teacher training and agricultural courses

Present training conducted in the schools of this project

Agriculture teachers - 127

Secondary end Jr College Agri Students - 2336

Trade and Industrial teachers - 322

Secondary TampI students - 5867

Manpower and Education

The objectives of the contract stipulate a scope of work which requires close eoneration with Thai and other US personnel in all efforts of the contrct staff In spite of this mutual sharing of responsibility for accomplishment certain activities may be identified for which the contract staff ha arried a major responsibility during the past year The following ceomplishments are noted as features of significant progress during the past twelve months

1 The design data collection and preparation of a report of the instructional staff of higher education in Thailand This report is the first one of its kind in Thailand and presents a ccmprehensive analysis ofthe instructional staff at the university level for the nation along with some projections for the future

36

2 The Thailand University Develcpment Commission grew out of many consultations and meetings with Thai leaders who are seeking to meet the problem of professionalizing higher education The Commission is an active institution with a staff and a budget It is currently acting as the counterpart of the contract staff ii two significant surveys The first of these is being conducted in the area of English for graduate education and the second has been initiated in the science curriculum of all universities

3 The comprehensive Scheol District Planning Project was initiated in the Ministry of Educaticn The contract staff had assisted in the design of the research instrument directed the pilot study and is now revising the data collecting device It is expected that this plan will spread to all provinces in Thailand

4 A proposal to adopt an Educaticnal Data Bank for all levels

of education was prepared by the contract staff and is now being implemented in cooperation with the National Statistical Cffice -It is expected that in the future all governmental agencies will call upon this pool of information fcr a variety of purposes

5 One research project The Diffusion of Innovation in Education was completed during the year and a report is now being prepared for distribution Two additional research projects were designed and refined for implementation next year

All of the above activity involved the training of staff members in the National Education Council Office and the Educational Planning Office Over 1-00 staff members have worked with the contract staff in these projects

Aptitude Research

Personnel The original PIOT called for two ccunterparts RTG have now assigned eight Thai professionals to the project one with a US EdD from Indiana University three with US Masters degrees (Harvard Iowa Hawaii) and four with MVasters shydegrees from Thai institutions

37

Training Two USCM participants have been ncminated for programs beginning January 1968 One RTG scholarship for doctoral training in tests and measurements has juct been awarded to an M Ed student at the College of Education Regular seminars have been held under the direction of Dr Aronson IBM have begun a series of lectures and lab sessions on FORTRAN programming and time has been arranged on the NSO IBM360 Model 40

Test Development 15 tests have been translated and modified for Thai use and a further 3 tests have been developed from the beginning These 18 tests have been administered to 3 753 students in 30 major testing sessions a total of 23 167 experimental test scores having been obtained Six of the tests have been tried out in four different versions as part of a iajcr research study at Pratom 7 level carried out in all major areas of the country Objects of the research were to determine the most appropriate form of test administration to obtain suitable prediction tests for selection the effects of different home languages upon aptitude test perfcrmance and the relationship between urban and rural location and test performance Results of this study are still incomplete but firm decisions are now possible about the most efficient and satisfactory forms of test administration

Information Dissemination Thai staff members have had a number of opportunities to address workshops and inservice training groups Dr Poj Sapianchiay the senior counterpart is a member of a number of committees responsible for selection for MOE departments and the NEC In addition an annual progress report was prepared and submitted to the Department of Teacher Training at the request of the Director-General During up-country trips time is always found to have a question and answer session about testing with changwat education officials and local teachers

Test Results Scoring and analysis of test results is a continuing process The statistical checks on reliability and validity so far obtained are very promising for experimental versions -of tects and as reported above use for operational selection programs

38

Progress

Progress to date includes (a) The administration of 23 167 experimental tests to 3753 students in 30 major testing sescicns at 24 different institutions (b) preparation and trial of 18 different tests six of them in four different versions (c) the ccnductihg of a research study with Pratcm 7 students to determine the most apprcpriate form of test administraticn tc obtain suitable prediction tests fcr selection (d) the conducting of a research study with Pratom 7 students to determine the effects of different home languages upon aptitude tests performance (e) a continuing prcgram of test sccring and analysis leading to rejection cf particular tects (three sc far) acceptance of cthers as operational (six so far) and the decision to do further work on-cther tests

Eight counterparts have been assigned to the testing unit Between them they are now teaching five graduate courses in tests and measurement or statistics at the Ccllege of Education Presarn Mitr Two have been nominated for participant training beginning in January 1968 In additicn a student at the Ccllege of Education who will complete an MA in March 1968 has been awarded a Thai government scholarship fcr graduate study leading to a US Doctorate in tests and measurements

HEALTH

Ccmprehensive Rural Health

1 Background Since the incepticn cf this project in FY 66 USOM suppcrt has been given to the M CP H rural health developshyment effort within the broad framework of the five-year health development plan USOM as well as the MCPHhas emphasized support of health activities in areas of strcng or increasing insurgent activity

Support has been given by USOM in the areas of training of health workers developing the rural health infrastructure environmental health activities communicable disease control rural hospital improvement and participant training

39

2 Prcgress to Date

A Training of Health Workers Since FY 66 the Department of Health has improved two existing schools and opened one new school for Junior Health Workers Cne existing school for the training of village midwives was improved one new schocl opened one school is under construction and one school is in the planning stage - A school icr the training of dental hygienists who will work in health centers in sensitive provinces will open in February 1968 One school for the training of nurse aids for service in health centers in ARD provinces was established in 1967

More than 1 100 health workers of all types are graduated each year by the Department of Health schools and the School of Public Health in Bangkok for service in the project area

B Rural Hospitals The MCPH is adding hospital beds at the rate of 800 - 1000 per year USCM support in the form of essential items of essential movable rnedical equipment for 18 hospitals in the ARD area amounted to $260 000 to date

C Develcpment of the Rural Health Infrastructure The MGPH is constructing and staffing rural health centers at the rate of approximately 275 per year in the project area Four-wheel drive vehicles have been or will be provided by FY 69 through USCM to all Provincial Health Offices and 11 arnphur health centers To date 135 vehicles have beenprcvided $250 000 worth of supplemental drugs and medical supplies for rural health centers in the project area

In-service courses and seminars for supervisory staff and health center staff train approximately 300 per year

More than 1000 village leaders from 20 provinces in the project area have been trained to date in badic health and sanitation practice -

D Infectious Disease Control Programs for the control of tuberculosis yaws trachoma leprosy and venereal diceases are rapidly expanding intc remcte villages of the project area USCM has supported the establishment of three tuberculosis ccntrol units covering eight ARD provinces

4

40

E Environmiental Health Program Since FY 66 environmental health programs have been started in 2300 villages in the project area Almost 15 000 villages new have an environshymental health program Since FY 66 900 000 water seal latrines and 1300 school water supplies have been installed

F Health Education In FY 66 two mobile health education units were fielded in the project area- In FY 67 three additional teams were added and in FY 68 six new teams will be formed

G Participant Training Since FY 66 92 officers clcsely associated with rural health training or operations have been trained in the United States and 158 have been trained in third countries

Mobile Medical Teams

1 Within the Calendar Year 1967 the Mobile Medical Team Program (M1MT) expanded to 22 MMTe in the field providing health cervices to remote villages in the Northeast Further teams were fielded at various times in the Northern provinces but their number fluctuated with the availability of physicians There are as of this date nine teams staffed jointly by Departrment of Health and USCM (SAFAsia) technicians five from Siriraj Medical School twc from Chiang Mai Medical School four from Department of Medical Services and six from Department of Health for a total of 26 teams Combined team production included approximately 900 000 villagers treated at a total cost of $300 000 for drugs and medical supplies

2 Preventive medicine activities of the teams oupported by SIAFAsia personnel include 40 wells dug 8 pumps installed 27 pumps repaired 2 school water systems inztalled 3 health center water systems installed and 201 privieu installed during the reporting period Self-help was emphasized thrcughout and 272 well casings were hauled and 698 feet of pipe installed by villagers utilizing their own labor

3 Three well-qualified USCM Medical TechnicianAdvisors were posted in FY 68 to locations in North Ncrtheast and South Thailand An effective liaison between USCM and the 606th Air Commando Squadron (civic action element) was also established early in FY 68

41

4 One particular event cccured this year which may well be very significant to future MMT operations if the trend continues The provinces of Nong Khai Roi Et and Chiang Rai all fielded MMTs with staff provided by the Provincial Health Services and funded by ALD This trend if it continues is mot desirable since MMTs fielded with personnel frcm within the provinces should insure better continuity of personnel

5 Training of paramedical personnel for rural areas continued in this reporting period with the following results 40 students have graduated and are presently undergcing further training in first closs health centers 190 additional students are presently in training and 130 are programmed to start training on 2 January 1968

6 A meeting of the Medical Counterinsurgency Committee was held in October at which a new expanded MMT program for FY 69 was presented by U50M The proposal was approved in principle and later presented to RTG Ministry of Health officials Pending the outccme of a forthcc ming MCPH-ARD meeting it is expected the IMT program in the provinces of Ubol Nong Khai Sakon Nakhon Nakhcn Phanom and Kalasin will be expanded to approximately 60 teams composed of Thai physicians nurses canitarians and ARD paramedics US involvement will be limited tc supply and training functions at bace team sites in amphur health centers

Hopefully by the end of FY 1968 more than 100 mobile medical teams will be active in ARD provinces

Malaria Eradication

With the exception of municipal areas which are ncn-malarious and a few small areas of insecurity the prcject has now reached total national ccverage under various phases of malaria eradicaticn a population of 3 1 million FY 68 and FY 69 represent peak years of activity and funding requirement Gn the basis of an internal assessment just nearing completion a number of districts will be withdrawn from spraying operations due to the lowered incidence of malaria and will be continued under surveillance Other areas

42

because of terrain vector habits and population migratici are presenting difficult operational and technical problems and hardshycare malaria foci These are requiring intensive study and special research efforts and to this end a special tJ5PHS Operational Research Team is now becoming established

In general the prcgram is meeting the targets originally set forth in its plan of operaticns in 1965 and in-particular in the subsequent revisions of September 1966 (E-La) However further increased funding has been required and projected because of increasod cost of DDT and intensified DDT coverage in the difficult malarious areas It is hoped that trasent researchactivities will lead to other more effective and eccnomical methods to be used in the problem areas It is now anticipated that some additional funding will also be necessary into FY 1973

An assessment cf the program by a team from the U5 Public Health Service in March 1967 in addition to stressing the need for intensified investigation of specific technical problems pointed up several administrative and operational deficiencies requiring attention As a result particular efforts have been made to improve supervision at every echelon

Forty-three Peace Corps Volunteers are now working effectively with the program as assistants to Zone Chiefs or in entcmc1cgy

Resultz of surveillance activities indicate adequate progress from the general technical point of view and are as follows

1965 1966 1967

Attack Phase (Late)

Population 1185807Z 14667885 17696279

Annual Parasite Incidence per 1000 Population 59 38 24

Consolidation Phase

Population 3922353 4725797 5002728

Annual Parasite Incidence per 1000 Population 25 13 078

Projected to end of CY 1967 (Arpreximately 94 million population are under early Attack Phase measures)

43

During the last operational year 9 315 persons received training This included participants in-country pre-service training inshyservice training and special training

Chiengmai Medical

1 The construction work on the hospital was substantially completed on the scheduled date of September 19 1967 Since that time the contractor has been correcting the various small items that were listed in deficiencies by the AampE and Inspection Committee

2 The Cabinet of Thailand vcted to continue immediately with the construction of the fcur-story addition to the hospital building It was further decided that the contract for the addition would be linked with the original contract and the same contractor be awarded the jcb This will eliminate mobilization cost and other starting expenses In addition the present contractors men possess the knowledge of the present utility installations that have to be connected to in accordance with the specifications of the supplemental contract

3 The Budget Bureau of the RTG has approved 15 million baht the for the construction of the addition and the Prime Ministers Office has requested USOM to approve $ 16 million from counterpart funds thereby making a total of $ 31 million the amount required to construct the additional four floore In March 1967 USOM agreed to finance the AE costs during the construction period of the addition which will run approximately $30 000 This will be the only AID funds spent on this job AIDW has been csked to approve a waiver of the Manual Order requirements in order that the Mission may engage the Norman P Anderson firm the AE for the project

4 As many sections as possible of the new building will be put into use during the construction period as the need for new classrooms library auditorium lecture rooms out-patient areas etc is urgent During the interim the contractor is keeping his various construction forces intact waiting for the

44

amended contract which will be signed as coon as the Mission receives AIDW concurrence The work on the addition is scheduled to be completed in 18 months This project will give the northern area of the country the medical center the RTG and USOM have been working to acquire since 1951

Rural Hospital Survey

1 Backgrcund This contract is designed tc survey the condition and establish priorities for improvement for the 3500 beds in 26 hospitals presently available to the rural and urban population of the ARD provinces

Since these hospitals are in most cases the final referral location for the entire population of these provinces their needs must be determined and acted up-on by the RTG in order to carry cut a comprehensive medical care program both traditional and quick impact

In order to establish a systematic framework within which a hcspital improvement program can operate the contractor would perform the following steps -essential in such a prcgram

A Examination and recording of existing facilities and an analysis of existing conditions and deficiencies for each hospital and for the total regional hospital complex

B Compilation of a priorities checklist for hospital facilities in Thailand

C Preparation of hospital master plans fcr each facility

2 Progress to Date An American architectural firm with offices in Bangkok has submitted an unsclicited proposal to USOCM and has held preliminary discussions with the MCPH To date no funds are available for this project

45

School of Public Health

1 Purpee This project will assist the RTG in developing the School of Public Health of the University of Medical Sciences under contractual arrangements with the Univer sity of North Carolina Schcl of Public Health by (1) overcoming the present imbalance andinadequacies of faculty and curriculum and (2) inctituting and developing a field practice and demcnstration area in Northeast Thailand

2 Introduction USOMThailand -s part of its program of assisting the RTG in the development of health services for rural areas reccgnizes that the Schcol of Public Health of the University of Medical Sciences is a key institution in this effort Some 400 students mostly from provincial areas and essentially all with prior work and responsibility in the RTG Health Services are currently receiving professicnal training in such fields as health administration public health nursing nutriticn health education and environmental sanitation The School of Public Health should be and could be one cf the principle training institutions for the development of the methodlogy and skilled ma2naflpcwor needed to create effective country-wide rural health services Presently many Thai health worker9 are going to the US for graduate training in the health fields because training at home in many fields is far below standard Cften this trainin3 is not appropriate to the health conditions and needs of Thailand It is in the interest of both Thailand and the United States that the RTG School of Public Health be strengthened to the level where it can furnish in-country trained leadership in the various health fields particularly as they arply to rural health in Thailand

3 Fundamental RTG Health Development Problems to be Cverccme by this Project

Confusion duplication and contradictions in the training and utilizEtion of health workers

B Cver-emphasis on National Health Offices and probably on categorical national health programs in general

46

C Over-precccupation with and over-emphasis of the role of the physician in health programs

D Cver-education and re-educaticn of an elite corps

E Under-utilization of existing facilities

F Lack of an effective system of echeloned supervision

G The schism between curative and preventive services

H Under-budgetihg of health units in rural areas

4 Timetable of Operations In line with USAID concern to bring rapid and demonstrable health services to politically sensitive areas it wculd require this project to produce tangible

results within 2-3 years A maximunm 5-year life of the project is necessary to provide the benefits of long-term academicshyinternational collaboration vital to both the U SA and Thailand

In order to accomplish the above it is in the best interests of the Mission to negotiate this contract during this fiscal year A Chief of Party (physician) and Junior Public Health physician could arrive here some time in January or February The Chief of Party would start the project implerrenftticn at the Bangkok level while the Public Health physician would make a start at developing a comprehensive field training area oriented to the Northeast problerrs probably in Korat Province

1

5 Progres to Date

For the past two years much interest has been generated by the Schocl of Public Health the University of North Carcline the Prime IVIinisters Cffice and the Mission relative to a contract funded by U1GM for collaboration between the School of Public Health and the University of North Carclina

Recently a team from North Carolina visited Thailand and met with RTG and USOM officials In the near future a delegation of RTG officials including General Netr and Dr Jajaval Ccathanondh

47

Rector University of Medical Sciences Office cf the Prime Minister will visit the campus at Chapel Hill in North Carolina to hold further discussions To date no funds are available

for this project

Protein Food Development

1 Background It is a well-established fact that malnutrition

is common in remote rural areas of Thailand basically in the form

of vitamin and protein deficiencies

In simrple terms a way must be found to develcp an acceptable and

inexpensive high protein food to supplement the basic rice diet of

the rural population The development and consequent acceptance

of such a food product will have a marked counterinsurgency effect

on the most vulnerable target group

The solution cf the problem involves

A An evaluatic of nutritional ampeficiehciesand cccrdination

of program development

B The establishment of adequate research and develcpment

facilities in food technology in Thailand

C The development of a family of inexpensive high protein

foods to correct protein malnutrition particularly in pre-school

children

D Field testing of prototype food supplements in villages

for acceptability and nutritional value

E -Obtaining the interest of private industry in production and

marketing of acceptable food products on a commercial basis

2 Proposed USOM Program FY 68

- A Provide a direct hire nutrition advicor

B Approve the Shaefer-MayUniversity of Maryland

research proposal

48

C Establish a field testing area suitable for testing several different Prototype food supplements including commercially developed products

3 Progress to Date

It is expected that a team from AIDW7 will visit this Mission some time in December 1967 to finalize plans for this project

Population Planning

1 Background Thailands population growth rate of 3 31a per year is one cf the highest in the wcrld and a matter of growing concern to the Rcyal Thai Government For the past few years the Ministry cf Public Health in cooperaticn with the Population Council Thai Medical Schools USOM and other private agencies has been conducting operational research in family planning methods at various locations thrcughout Thailand

The Ministry of Public Health well aware of the populaticn grcwth rate and its implications has decided that the time has come to broaden the base of these various research projects into an expanding three-year program of family planning service using the existing facilities and personnel of the Department of Public Health and the Department of Medical Services This project in the absence of an expressed naticnal policy will be carried 6 ut within the Ministry as an extension of maternal and child health services

This project will be coordinated by a committee at the ministerial level with Dr Sombun Phong-Akera Under-Eecretary as the project director and chairman of the ccrnmittee Four subshycommittees have been formed tc carry on the project activities They are (1) Services within the Depaitment of Health (2) Evaluation within the Office of the Under-Secretary of State for Public Health (3) Training within the Department of Health And (4) Research within the Department of Medical Services

2 Progress tc Date Previous efforts of the Ministry cf Public Health and ccoperating agencies in family planning have met with marked success Clinics were established for the insertion of intra-uterine devices (I U D0 ) and evaluations made of their acceptance Other contraceptive methods have been studied and tested which include the Pill and hormone injections To date the Pill as well as the I UD has had wide acceptance amcngst

49

Thai wcmen

In FY 67 USCM provided medical equipment for 40 family planning clinics and assisted in the training of 15 doctors There are now 31 hospitals in 28 provinces which have recently completed a total of 10 611 IUD insertions These combined with insertions accomplished in earlier established clinics will total 75 000 women It is estimated that in excess of 100 000 women are taking the Pill on a regular basis

3 The FY 68 Ministry of Public Health Program Gperationshyally the area of coverage will extend to 16 provinces They are Korat Buriram Sisaket Surin Wool Udorn Nong Khai Loey Chamrphon Aycthya Chaiyaphum Pattani Nakhon Sri Thammarat Yale Narathiwat and Pattalung

The population of this area is approximately 6 5 million of which is estimated that 12 or 780 000 females are within the fertile age group of 20-44 years of age By July 1968 it is expected an additional 50 000 femralec not now covered by existing programs will have accepted a contraceptive means on a regular basis

Ten in-service training courses are programmed for this fiscal year commencing in January 1968 One hundred dcctcro will be trained in three courses and 120 nursee and 700 ddwives will be trained in seven courses

Ninety-four clinics for I UD insertions will be established in hospitals and health centers in the 16 province areas during the fiscal year Services for advice and provision of the Pill will extend to all health and midwifery centers at the tambol and village level

Regular budget appropriation will be used for the salaries of personnel involved in this program A counterpart budget cf 450 000 beht will need to be negotiated with the Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation

4 The FY 69 and FY 70 Ministry of Public Health Program The prcgram calls for the rapid broadening of the services base to an additional 15 provinces covering 120 000 women in FY 69 and 15 additional provinces in FY 70 covering 250 000 women

r

50

INSTITUTIONampL DZVSLCPIvENT

Community Development

1 as of the end of RTG 2511 (September 30 1967) 91 area coverage piojects have been established in 27 changwats USO1M has provided audic-visual equipment and transportaticn to each of these anphurs In addition audio-visual support has been provided to three cf the four regicnal training centers

2 The Community Development Department offers both preshyservice and in-service training to Community Development personnel In FY 67 the following personnel received training

A 331 Village Organizers were recruited and received 6 months pre-service training

B The follcwing received in- service training

(1) 117 CD Wcrkers (2) 150 CD WAY Workers (3) 108 CD Supervisors (4) 60 CD Trainers

3 Village leadership development calls for continued attention to village leader training and develcpment with increased emphasis on the development cf attitudes and abilities of the peonle tc prepare them to accept the responsibility of their own develcpment and to carry a larger share of the burden cf their own security As of the end of FY 2511 (September 30 1967) villagers had received training as follows

A 12 000 (Men) Leadership Training B 3 600 (Women) Leadership Training C 3 540 Occupational Training D 1 200 Recreational Training E 1 400 Tambon Development Committee Training

These villagers represent over 4 000 villages in 68 amphurs of 27 changwats

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3 Opecial training for the following was provided in FY 67

A Acadermic 6 B Short Term Study Tour 4 C Gbservtion Tours 23 Village leaders

22 Village organizers 11 Women leaders 33 CD Trainers 11 CD Changwat amp Amnphur Officers

4 In FY 67 S 16 million was spent on village self-help and occupational promotional projacts Villagers contributed labor and local materials valued at 60 of RTG contributions A total of 1 651 prcjocts were ccmpleted using Community Development Department grants An additional 519 projects were ccmpleted without CD Department grantE bringing the self-help total to 2 170 Continued emphasis will be placed on village celf-help projects Over $ 17 million has been budgeted fcr the program in FY 68

Civil Service

The services provided under a contract with the State cf California 4(initiated in FY 1966) will complets asnrvev c pr nc ah

in all of the ministriesspecial first second and third gre10 and departments vricr to -June 1968 At that time the results

of the survey will be reviewed with the Prime Minister and Council

of Ministers and subject to their apprcval the institution of a

classification syotcom will caInnuncc

First emphasis will be given to these ministries concerned with

development activities in Northeastern Thailand At the same time a survey of pcsitions in the fcurth grade will be undertaken and tests and techniques for testing will be introduced into the

personnel administration system for the selecticn and placement

of employees It is also expected that the existing Civil Service

Law will be revised and presented for legislative approval some

time during 1968

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Labor

This project which was initiated in response to a request from the

RTG became active with the arrival of an advisor in Labor Department

Administration early in 1967 and with the addition of an Employment Service Kdviscr in July 1967 These advisors have concentrate-1 on the development or improvement of regulations affecting labor usage labor standards and safety with pFrticular reference to broadening a regulatory capability within the Labor Department and to the expansicn of employment service ctivities into Northeastern Thailand This latter function is intended to classify workers coming from the rural areas into the urban complexes to determine

training requirements and to assist in job placerrent

Management Improvement

This project wzich has been continuously concerned with establishing an crganizaticn and methods servicing capability within the Budget Bureau And to establish the Bureau as the principal management crganization for the government has during the pact year completed

insofar as possible these parts of its activities relating to the

organizaticn and functions of the Highway Department the iAnistry of Agriculture and the training of GampM technicians within the Budget Bureau itself

During the year reccmmendations for major changes in the Ministry of Education also were formalized and initial steps were taken to implement scrre of these recommendations and several detailed studies were undertaken looking for the improvement of the organization established to administer the accelerated rural development program in the Office of the Prime Minister

With the diminution of CampM activities the project has turned its

attention to enhancing budget administration and the auditing function of the gcvernment It is expected that during the remainder of the project through fiscal year 1969 attention will be devoted almost exclusively to these areas

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Statistical Services

Advisory services are provided to the National Statistics Office for two brcad categories of activity the use of statistical techniques and the standardizaticn of the statistical practices throughout the government and the operation of a data processing center In the past several years major emphasis had been directed toward establishing basic capnhilitios within the RTG to standardize statistical methodology in such areas as crop estimtation measurement of price changes census of population industry and business etc Emphasis was alac placed on strengthening the academic capability

in the universities to ensure the development of specialized technicians and managers

Attention to this area is new diminishing and during the last year the enlargement and capability to use the data processing center has received first pricrity In addition to the existing IBM 1401 an IBM 360 was installed and two advisoro in the specialized

utilization of this equipment were provided through the US Bureau of the Census to train operators and to assist in broadening the utilization of the center by all of the agencies of the RTG In addition an advisor cn samipling and surveying techniques has been added and special efforts are being made to accertain the attitudes

c the population tcward developmental objectives as well as problems attending insurgency Both of these areas are essential

to objective development programmings

Local Governrent Administration

As in past years this project has concentrated on enhancing the

capability of the Ministry of Interior to improve the administration of naticnal programs at the province and rural levels and especially to facilitate the initiation and conduct of developmental work in the rural areas in response to the needs of the people To this end the project has reviewed the organization and functions of the amphurs

and changwats throughout the Kingdom and has provided the Ministry with detailed recommendations calling fcr simplificaticn cf adminisshytrative and financial activities for the improverrment of personnel administration and for the creation of new organization elements intended to deal particularly with the development activities the involvement of villages in lccal gcvernment and the discharge cf self-protection responsibilities at the village level

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Local Government In-Service Training

Progress in this project is reflected by the degree to which the Training Division of the Department of Local Administration increases the scope and variety of training activities During the past year the Developing Democracy Program which had been carried cut in 61 tambcls in its first year was expanded to 147 tambcls and involved over 4 000 persons In other areas of activity the Divisicn was similarly involved between Cctober 1966 and September 1967 800 Village Security Officars were given Cpecialized training for service in areas of extreme insurgent activity regular and special courses to increase the administrative competence and to reshydirect program activities to development work was given to Nei

Lmphurs members of Sapa Changwats Paladt1mphurs for rural development Palad nmphnrs for security and changwat functional officers lItogether some 3 000 persons received training in these courses during the year In additicn a special course was repeated between August 14 and Ncvember 11 1966 in Naldon Phonomn Province to instruct all gcvernment officers concerning ccuntershyinsurgency activities During the year the third grout of new NaiAnphurs were graduated from the Nhi Lrphur Acdemy

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CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Potable Water

A A regional field headquarters consisting of engineering design and drafting facilities cffices water laboratcry and warehouse has been constructed in Khcn Kaen which is centrally located in the

Ncrtheast Although the AampE end the Thei design engineers are

officed in Khon Kaen there is at least one field engineer and several

construction technicians in each province The design engineer and

the field engineer exchange pcsitions after a sufficient period of training in order that all engineers obtain experience in both design and construition work

B Standard dasigns have been developed for elevated tanks clear

wells pump hcuses and treatment plants Treatment plants of 1C

cum hr 20 cu m hr 30 carm hr and 50 cnm hr capacity

have been designed The drawings are numbered in such a manner that they can be interchanged and incorporated into designs for communities having a population suitable for the appropriate preshydetermined size

C In developing these designs the Thai and American engineers work together and in this way on-the-job training is given to the inexperienced engineers Training of construction technicians is tazried cut at the ccnstruction sites Formal lectures are given by both Thai an--d American engineers

D Five Thai engineers have been sent to the United States fcur for one years graduate academic training and one for specialist training Eight engineers attended a two-month course at the SELTC Graduate School of Engineering Eighteen have received thirdshycountry observational training in Taiwan

E A curriculum fcr water works operatcr training has been

developed and two plant operators ccurses have been given Onshy

the-jcb training is also carried out

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- F A system for warehousing storage and distribution of commodities hLas just been completed Almost 2 million dollars (US) worth of commodities have been ordered and about oneshy

fourth of theoe commodities have arrived

G - Potable water systems serving twenty (20) ccmmunities have been completed Systems fcr 35 communities are under

construction and the target date for their completion is 1 Jantuary

1968 Fifty-seven (57) additional communities have been surveyed and bids are ready to be let on mcst of them Construction for these 57 communities is expected to be finiched by 1 July 1968 If this goal is attained the Potable Water Project will be on schedule

Private Sector Development

1 Introduction This project covers the advisory services provided by the staff members of the USOM Private Enterprise Division whose principal activity areas include the prcmeticn of private investrent accnomic instituticn building and economic

development financing Progress to date in each of these reas

is discussed below

2 Promotion of investment

A Investment Guaranty Program - Risk Insurance AID investment risk insurance ccverage for over $92 million has been issued for private American equity and loan capital investment in Thailand Cf this total $12 million is in extended risk coverage

for three different projects (discussed below) $36 million is for

convertibility risks $134 million for expropriation risks $104 million for war and related risks and $20 I milli on for combined expropriation-war risks

B Extended Risk Projects in Thailand

(1) Intercontinental Housing - $5 million fcr construction

of 817 low income twc- and three-bedroom houses First section

of 257 houses expected to be ccmpleted in February 1968 Conshystruction prcceeding at 0 67 hcuses per day Large backlog of buyers indicate contihued good sales outlook

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(2) Siam Kraft Paper Prcject - $4 million for construction of integrated pulp and paper making plant whose total investment is expected to exceed $29 million Plant is now under constructicn and is expected to commence operations in early 1969

(3) Calabrian (Calthai) Farm Service Center Project - $3 million to construct farm service centers upcountry which will provide

storage facilities and make available to Thai farmers the equipment necessary for plowing planting cultivating harvesting shelling and drying corn This company recently built a modern 65 000 ton capacity grain elevator upcountry and it is now receiving corn shipments for storage drying and grading prior to export Additional

collection centers are planned for cther upccuntry prcvinces

3 Institution Building

A Ministry of Industry One PE advisor has been approved

by the Ministry for full time advisory services He will be located in the industrial and Economic Planning Cffice c a December 20

B Board cf Investment Cne PE advisor is working with BOI half time tc maintain close working relationship during and after Checchi contract close cut Main emphasis is assisting in revision of Promotion of Investment Law Additional PE staff assistance is made available when requested and available

C Coordinated Industry Survey Prcgram This programs principal objective is to develop RTG instituticnal capabilities through on-the-jcb training and advisory assistance in industrial research planning promotion and policy formulaticn Ministry of Industry and BOI participated in the first project which was a survey of the

Plastics Industry (ccmpletad in June 1967) and are actively working on the second project which is a Farm Machinery Survey

As a result of the Plastics Industry Survey the Ministry of Industry with help of BOI and USOM conducted a very successful seminar to bring together all elements of the local private business sector

and various interested government agencies fcr in-depth presentashy

tion and discussion of the survey

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D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

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OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

37

Training Two USCM participants have been ncminated for programs beginning January 1968 One RTG scholarship for doctoral training in tests and measurements has juct been awarded to an M Ed student at the College of Education Regular seminars have been held under the direction of Dr Aronson IBM have begun a series of lectures and lab sessions on FORTRAN programming and time has been arranged on the NSO IBM360 Model 40

Test Development 15 tests have been translated and modified for Thai use and a further 3 tests have been developed from the beginning These 18 tests have been administered to 3 753 students in 30 major testing sessions a total of 23 167 experimental test scores having been obtained Six of the tests have been tried out in four different versions as part of a iajcr research study at Pratom 7 level carried out in all major areas of the country Objects of the research were to determine the most appropriate form of test administration to obtain suitable prediction tests for selection the effects of different home languages upon aptitude test perfcrmance and the relationship between urban and rural location and test performance Results of this study are still incomplete but firm decisions are now possible about the most efficient and satisfactory forms of test administration

Information Dissemination Thai staff members have had a number of opportunities to address workshops and inservice training groups Dr Poj Sapianchiay the senior counterpart is a member of a number of committees responsible for selection for MOE departments and the NEC In addition an annual progress report was prepared and submitted to the Department of Teacher Training at the request of the Director-General During up-country trips time is always found to have a question and answer session about testing with changwat education officials and local teachers

Test Results Scoring and analysis of test results is a continuing process The statistical checks on reliability and validity so far obtained are very promising for experimental versions -of tects and as reported above use for operational selection programs

38

Progress

Progress to date includes (a) The administration of 23 167 experimental tests to 3753 students in 30 major testing sescicns at 24 different institutions (b) preparation and trial of 18 different tests six of them in four different versions (c) the ccnductihg of a research study with Pratcm 7 students to determine the most apprcpriate form of test administraticn tc obtain suitable prediction tests fcr selection (d) the conducting of a research study with Pratom 7 students to determine the effects of different home languages upon aptitude tests performance (e) a continuing prcgram of test sccring and analysis leading to rejection cf particular tects (three sc far) acceptance of cthers as operational (six so far) and the decision to do further work on-cther tests

Eight counterparts have been assigned to the testing unit Between them they are now teaching five graduate courses in tests and measurement or statistics at the Ccllege of Education Presarn Mitr Two have been nominated for participant training beginning in January 1968 In additicn a student at the Ccllege of Education who will complete an MA in March 1968 has been awarded a Thai government scholarship fcr graduate study leading to a US Doctorate in tests and measurements

HEALTH

Ccmprehensive Rural Health

1 Background Since the incepticn cf this project in FY 66 USOM suppcrt has been given to the M CP H rural health developshyment effort within the broad framework of the five-year health development plan USOM as well as the MCPHhas emphasized support of health activities in areas of strcng or increasing insurgent activity

Support has been given by USOM in the areas of training of health workers developing the rural health infrastructure environmental health activities communicable disease control rural hospital improvement and participant training

39

2 Prcgress to Date

A Training of Health Workers Since FY 66 the Department of Health has improved two existing schools and opened one new school for Junior Health Workers Cne existing school for the training of village midwives was improved one new schocl opened one school is under construction and one school is in the planning stage - A school icr the training of dental hygienists who will work in health centers in sensitive provinces will open in February 1968 One school for the training of nurse aids for service in health centers in ARD provinces was established in 1967

More than 1 100 health workers of all types are graduated each year by the Department of Health schools and the School of Public Health in Bangkok for service in the project area

B Rural Hospitals The MCPH is adding hospital beds at the rate of 800 - 1000 per year USCM support in the form of essential items of essential movable rnedical equipment for 18 hospitals in the ARD area amounted to $260 000 to date

C Develcpment of the Rural Health Infrastructure The MGPH is constructing and staffing rural health centers at the rate of approximately 275 per year in the project area Four-wheel drive vehicles have been or will be provided by FY 69 through USCM to all Provincial Health Offices and 11 arnphur health centers To date 135 vehicles have beenprcvided $250 000 worth of supplemental drugs and medical supplies for rural health centers in the project area

In-service courses and seminars for supervisory staff and health center staff train approximately 300 per year

More than 1000 village leaders from 20 provinces in the project area have been trained to date in badic health and sanitation practice -

D Infectious Disease Control Programs for the control of tuberculosis yaws trachoma leprosy and venereal diceases are rapidly expanding intc remcte villages of the project area USCM has supported the establishment of three tuberculosis ccntrol units covering eight ARD provinces

4

40

E Environmiental Health Program Since FY 66 environmental health programs have been started in 2300 villages in the project area Almost 15 000 villages new have an environshymental health program Since FY 66 900 000 water seal latrines and 1300 school water supplies have been installed

F Health Education In FY 66 two mobile health education units were fielded in the project area- In FY 67 three additional teams were added and in FY 68 six new teams will be formed

G Participant Training Since FY 66 92 officers clcsely associated with rural health training or operations have been trained in the United States and 158 have been trained in third countries

Mobile Medical Teams

1 Within the Calendar Year 1967 the Mobile Medical Team Program (M1MT) expanded to 22 MMTe in the field providing health cervices to remote villages in the Northeast Further teams were fielded at various times in the Northern provinces but their number fluctuated with the availability of physicians There are as of this date nine teams staffed jointly by Departrment of Health and USCM (SAFAsia) technicians five from Siriraj Medical School twc from Chiang Mai Medical School four from Department of Medical Services and six from Department of Health for a total of 26 teams Combined team production included approximately 900 000 villagers treated at a total cost of $300 000 for drugs and medical supplies

2 Preventive medicine activities of the teams oupported by SIAFAsia personnel include 40 wells dug 8 pumps installed 27 pumps repaired 2 school water systems inztalled 3 health center water systems installed and 201 privieu installed during the reporting period Self-help was emphasized thrcughout and 272 well casings were hauled and 698 feet of pipe installed by villagers utilizing their own labor

3 Three well-qualified USCM Medical TechnicianAdvisors were posted in FY 68 to locations in North Ncrtheast and South Thailand An effective liaison between USCM and the 606th Air Commando Squadron (civic action element) was also established early in FY 68

41

4 One particular event cccured this year which may well be very significant to future MMT operations if the trend continues The provinces of Nong Khai Roi Et and Chiang Rai all fielded MMTs with staff provided by the Provincial Health Services and funded by ALD This trend if it continues is mot desirable since MMTs fielded with personnel frcm within the provinces should insure better continuity of personnel

5 Training of paramedical personnel for rural areas continued in this reporting period with the following results 40 students have graduated and are presently undergcing further training in first closs health centers 190 additional students are presently in training and 130 are programmed to start training on 2 January 1968

6 A meeting of the Medical Counterinsurgency Committee was held in October at which a new expanded MMT program for FY 69 was presented by U50M The proposal was approved in principle and later presented to RTG Ministry of Health officials Pending the outccme of a forthcc ming MCPH-ARD meeting it is expected the IMT program in the provinces of Ubol Nong Khai Sakon Nakhon Nakhcn Phanom and Kalasin will be expanded to approximately 60 teams composed of Thai physicians nurses canitarians and ARD paramedics US involvement will be limited tc supply and training functions at bace team sites in amphur health centers

Hopefully by the end of FY 1968 more than 100 mobile medical teams will be active in ARD provinces

Malaria Eradication

With the exception of municipal areas which are ncn-malarious and a few small areas of insecurity the prcject has now reached total national ccverage under various phases of malaria eradicaticn a population of 3 1 million FY 68 and FY 69 represent peak years of activity and funding requirement Gn the basis of an internal assessment just nearing completion a number of districts will be withdrawn from spraying operations due to the lowered incidence of malaria and will be continued under surveillance Other areas

42

because of terrain vector habits and population migratici are presenting difficult operational and technical problems and hardshycare malaria foci These are requiring intensive study and special research efforts and to this end a special tJ5PHS Operational Research Team is now becoming established

In general the prcgram is meeting the targets originally set forth in its plan of operaticns in 1965 and in-particular in the subsequent revisions of September 1966 (E-La) However further increased funding has been required and projected because of increasod cost of DDT and intensified DDT coverage in the difficult malarious areas It is hoped that trasent researchactivities will lead to other more effective and eccnomical methods to be used in the problem areas It is now anticipated that some additional funding will also be necessary into FY 1973

An assessment cf the program by a team from the U5 Public Health Service in March 1967 in addition to stressing the need for intensified investigation of specific technical problems pointed up several administrative and operational deficiencies requiring attention As a result particular efforts have been made to improve supervision at every echelon

Forty-three Peace Corps Volunteers are now working effectively with the program as assistants to Zone Chiefs or in entcmc1cgy

Resultz of surveillance activities indicate adequate progress from the general technical point of view and are as follows

1965 1966 1967

Attack Phase (Late)

Population 1185807Z 14667885 17696279

Annual Parasite Incidence per 1000 Population 59 38 24

Consolidation Phase

Population 3922353 4725797 5002728

Annual Parasite Incidence per 1000 Population 25 13 078

Projected to end of CY 1967 (Arpreximately 94 million population are under early Attack Phase measures)

43

During the last operational year 9 315 persons received training This included participants in-country pre-service training inshyservice training and special training

Chiengmai Medical

1 The construction work on the hospital was substantially completed on the scheduled date of September 19 1967 Since that time the contractor has been correcting the various small items that were listed in deficiencies by the AampE and Inspection Committee

2 The Cabinet of Thailand vcted to continue immediately with the construction of the fcur-story addition to the hospital building It was further decided that the contract for the addition would be linked with the original contract and the same contractor be awarded the jcb This will eliminate mobilization cost and other starting expenses In addition the present contractors men possess the knowledge of the present utility installations that have to be connected to in accordance with the specifications of the supplemental contract

3 The Budget Bureau of the RTG has approved 15 million baht the for the construction of the addition and the Prime Ministers Office has requested USOM to approve $ 16 million from counterpart funds thereby making a total of $ 31 million the amount required to construct the additional four floore In March 1967 USOM agreed to finance the AE costs during the construction period of the addition which will run approximately $30 000 This will be the only AID funds spent on this job AIDW has been csked to approve a waiver of the Manual Order requirements in order that the Mission may engage the Norman P Anderson firm the AE for the project

4 As many sections as possible of the new building will be put into use during the construction period as the need for new classrooms library auditorium lecture rooms out-patient areas etc is urgent During the interim the contractor is keeping his various construction forces intact waiting for the

44

amended contract which will be signed as coon as the Mission receives AIDW concurrence The work on the addition is scheduled to be completed in 18 months This project will give the northern area of the country the medical center the RTG and USOM have been working to acquire since 1951

Rural Hospital Survey

1 Backgrcund This contract is designed tc survey the condition and establish priorities for improvement for the 3500 beds in 26 hospitals presently available to the rural and urban population of the ARD provinces

Since these hospitals are in most cases the final referral location for the entire population of these provinces their needs must be determined and acted up-on by the RTG in order to carry cut a comprehensive medical care program both traditional and quick impact

In order to establish a systematic framework within which a hcspital improvement program can operate the contractor would perform the following steps -essential in such a prcgram

A Examination and recording of existing facilities and an analysis of existing conditions and deficiencies for each hospital and for the total regional hospital complex

B Compilation of a priorities checklist for hospital facilities in Thailand

C Preparation of hospital master plans fcr each facility

2 Progress to Date An American architectural firm with offices in Bangkok has submitted an unsclicited proposal to USOCM and has held preliminary discussions with the MCPH To date no funds are available for this project

45

School of Public Health

1 Purpee This project will assist the RTG in developing the School of Public Health of the University of Medical Sciences under contractual arrangements with the Univer sity of North Carolina Schcl of Public Health by (1) overcoming the present imbalance andinadequacies of faculty and curriculum and (2) inctituting and developing a field practice and demcnstration area in Northeast Thailand

2 Introduction USOMThailand -s part of its program of assisting the RTG in the development of health services for rural areas reccgnizes that the Schcol of Public Health of the University of Medical Sciences is a key institution in this effort Some 400 students mostly from provincial areas and essentially all with prior work and responsibility in the RTG Health Services are currently receiving professicnal training in such fields as health administration public health nursing nutriticn health education and environmental sanitation The School of Public Health should be and could be one cf the principle training institutions for the development of the methodlogy and skilled ma2naflpcwor needed to create effective country-wide rural health services Presently many Thai health worker9 are going to the US for graduate training in the health fields because training at home in many fields is far below standard Cften this trainin3 is not appropriate to the health conditions and needs of Thailand It is in the interest of both Thailand and the United States that the RTG School of Public Health be strengthened to the level where it can furnish in-country trained leadership in the various health fields particularly as they arply to rural health in Thailand

3 Fundamental RTG Health Development Problems to be Cverccme by this Project

Confusion duplication and contradictions in the training and utilizEtion of health workers

B Cver-emphasis on National Health Offices and probably on categorical national health programs in general

46

C Over-precccupation with and over-emphasis of the role of the physician in health programs

D Cver-education and re-educaticn of an elite corps

E Under-utilization of existing facilities

F Lack of an effective system of echeloned supervision

G The schism between curative and preventive services

H Under-budgetihg of health units in rural areas

4 Timetable of Operations In line with USAID concern to bring rapid and demonstrable health services to politically sensitive areas it wculd require this project to produce tangible

results within 2-3 years A maximunm 5-year life of the project is necessary to provide the benefits of long-term academicshyinternational collaboration vital to both the U SA and Thailand

In order to accomplish the above it is in the best interests of the Mission to negotiate this contract during this fiscal year A Chief of Party (physician) and Junior Public Health physician could arrive here some time in January or February The Chief of Party would start the project implerrenftticn at the Bangkok level while the Public Health physician would make a start at developing a comprehensive field training area oriented to the Northeast problerrs probably in Korat Province

1

5 Progres to Date

For the past two years much interest has been generated by the Schocl of Public Health the University of North Carcline the Prime IVIinisters Cffice and the Mission relative to a contract funded by U1GM for collaboration between the School of Public Health and the University of North Carclina

Recently a team from North Carolina visited Thailand and met with RTG and USOM officials In the near future a delegation of RTG officials including General Netr and Dr Jajaval Ccathanondh

47

Rector University of Medical Sciences Office cf the Prime Minister will visit the campus at Chapel Hill in North Carolina to hold further discussions To date no funds are available

for this project

Protein Food Development

1 Background It is a well-established fact that malnutrition

is common in remote rural areas of Thailand basically in the form

of vitamin and protein deficiencies

In simrple terms a way must be found to develcp an acceptable and

inexpensive high protein food to supplement the basic rice diet of

the rural population The development and consequent acceptance

of such a food product will have a marked counterinsurgency effect

on the most vulnerable target group

The solution cf the problem involves

A An evaluatic of nutritional ampeficiehciesand cccrdination

of program development

B The establishment of adequate research and develcpment

facilities in food technology in Thailand

C The development of a family of inexpensive high protein

foods to correct protein malnutrition particularly in pre-school

children

D Field testing of prototype food supplements in villages

for acceptability and nutritional value

E -Obtaining the interest of private industry in production and

marketing of acceptable food products on a commercial basis

2 Proposed USOM Program FY 68

- A Provide a direct hire nutrition advicor

B Approve the Shaefer-MayUniversity of Maryland

research proposal

48

C Establish a field testing area suitable for testing several different Prototype food supplements including commercially developed products

3 Progress to Date

It is expected that a team from AIDW7 will visit this Mission some time in December 1967 to finalize plans for this project

Population Planning

1 Background Thailands population growth rate of 3 31a per year is one cf the highest in the wcrld and a matter of growing concern to the Rcyal Thai Government For the past few years the Ministry cf Public Health in cooperaticn with the Population Council Thai Medical Schools USOM and other private agencies has been conducting operational research in family planning methods at various locations thrcughout Thailand

The Ministry of Public Health well aware of the populaticn grcwth rate and its implications has decided that the time has come to broaden the base of these various research projects into an expanding three-year program of family planning service using the existing facilities and personnel of the Department of Public Health and the Department of Medical Services This project in the absence of an expressed naticnal policy will be carried 6 ut within the Ministry as an extension of maternal and child health services

This project will be coordinated by a committee at the ministerial level with Dr Sombun Phong-Akera Under-Eecretary as the project director and chairman of the ccrnmittee Four subshycommittees have been formed tc carry on the project activities They are (1) Services within the Depaitment of Health (2) Evaluation within the Office of the Under-Secretary of State for Public Health (3) Training within the Department of Health And (4) Research within the Department of Medical Services

2 Progress tc Date Previous efforts of the Ministry cf Public Health and ccoperating agencies in family planning have met with marked success Clinics were established for the insertion of intra-uterine devices (I U D0 ) and evaluations made of their acceptance Other contraceptive methods have been studied and tested which include the Pill and hormone injections To date the Pill as well as the I UD has had wide acceptance amcngst

49

Thai wcmen

In FY 67 USCM provided medical equipment for 40 family planning clinics and assisted in the training of 15 doctors There are now 31 hospitals in 28 provinces which have recently completed a total of 10 611 IUD insertions These combined with insertions accomplished in earlier established clinics will total 75 000 women It is estimated that in excess of 100 000 women are taking the Pill on a regular basis

3 The FY 68 Ministry of Public Health Program Gperationshyally the area of coverage will extend to 16 provinces They are Korat Buriram Sisaket Surin Wool Udorn Nong Khai Loey Chamrphon Aycthya Chaiyaphum Pattani Nakhon Sri Thammarat Yale Narathiwat and Pattalung

The population of this area is approximately 6 5 million of which is estimated that 12 or 780 000 females are within the fertile age group of 20-44 years of age By July 1968 it is expected an additional 50 000 femralec not now covered by existing programs will have accepted a contraceptive means on a regular basis

Ten in-service training courses are programmed for this fiscal year commencing in January 1968 One hundred dcctcro will be trained in three courses and 120 nursee and 700 ddwives will be trained in seven courses

Ninety-four clinics for I UD insertions will be established in hospitals and health centers in the 16 province areas during the fiscal year Services for advice and provision of the Pill will extend to all health and midwifery centers at the tambol and village level

Regular budget appropriation will be used for the salaries of personnel involved in this program A counterpart budget cf 450 000 beht will need to be negotiated with the Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation

4 The FY 69 and FY 70 Ministry of Public Health Program The prcgram calls for the rapid broadening of the services base to an additional 15 provinces covering 120 000 women in FY 69 and 15 additional provinces in FY 70 covering 250 000 women

r

50

INSTITUTIONampL DZVSLCPIvENT

Community Development

1 as of the end of RTG 2511 (September 30 1967) 91 area coverage piojects have been established in 27 changwats USO1M has provided audic-visual equipment and transportaticn to each of these anphurs In addition audio-visual support has been provided to three cf the four regicnal training centers

2 The Community Development Department offers both preshyservice and in-service training to Community Development personnel In FY 67 the following personnel received training

A 331 Village Organizers were recruited and received 6 months pre-service training

B The follcwing received in- service training

(1) 117 CD Wcrkers (2) 150 CD WAY Workers (3) 108 CD Supervisors (4) 60 CD Trainers

3 Village leadership development calls for continued attention to village leader training and develcpment with increased emphasis on the development cf attitudes and abilities of the peonle tc prepare them to accept the responsibility of their own develcpment and to carry a larger share of the burden cf their own security As of the end of FY 2511 (September 30 1967) villagers had received training as follows

A 12 000 (Men) Leadership Training B 3 600 (Women) Leadership Training C 3 540 Occupational Training D 1 200 Recreational Training E 1 400 Tambon Development Committee Training

These villagers represent over 4 000 villages in 68 amphurs of 27 changwats

51

3 Opecial training for the following was provided in FY 67

A Acadermic 6 B Short Term Study Tour 4 C Gbservtion Tours 23 Village leaders

22 Village organizers 11 Women leaders 33 CD Trainers 11 CD Changwat amp Amnphur Officers

4 In FY 67 S 16 million was spent on village self-help and occupational promotional projacts Villagers contributed labor and local materials valued at 60 of RTG contributions A total of 1 651 prcjocts were ccmpleted using Community Development Department grants An additional 519 projects were ccmpleted without CD Department grantE bringing the self-help total to 2 170 Continued emphasis will be placed on village celf-help projects Over $ 17 million has been budgeted fcr the program in FY 68

Civil Service

The services provided under a contract with the State cf California 4(initiated in FY 1966) will complets asnrvev c pr nc ah

in all of the ministriesspecial first second and third gre10 and departments vricr to -June 1968 At that time the results

of the survey will be reviewed with the Prime Minister and Council

of Ministers and subject to their apprcval the institution of a

classification syotcom will caInnuncc

First emphasis will be given to these ministries concerned with

development activities in Northeastern Thailand At the same time a survey of pcsitions in the fcurth grade will be undertaken and tests and techniques for testing will be introduced into the

personnel administration system for the selecticn and placement

of employees It is also expected that the existing Civil Service

Law will be revised and presented for legislative approval some

time during 1968

52

Labor

This project which was initiated in response to a request from the

RTG became active with the arrival of an advisor in Labor Department

Administration early in 1967 and with the addition of an Employment Service Kdviscr in July 1967 These advisors have concentrate-1 on the development or improvement of regulations affecting labor usage labor standards and safety with pFrticular reference to broadening a regulatory capability within the Labor Department and to the expansicn of employment service ctivities into Northeastern Thailand This latter function is intended to classify workers coming from the rural areas into the urban complexes to determine

training requirements and to assist in job placerrent

Management Improvement

This project wzich has been continuously concerned with establishing an crganizaticn and methods servicing capability within the Budget Bureau And to establish the Bureau as the principal management crganization for the government has during the pact year completed

insofar as possible these parts of its activities relating to the

organizaticn and functions of the Highway Department the iAnistry of Agriculture and the training of GampM technicians within the Budget Bureau itself

During the year reccmmendations for major changes in the Ministry of Education also were formalized and initial steps were taken to implement scrre of these recommendations and several detailed studies were undertaken looking for the improvement of the organization established to administer the accelerated rural development program in the Office of the Prime Minister

With the diminution of CampM activities the project has turned its

attention to enhancing budget administration and the auditing function of the gcvernment It is expected that during the remainder of the project through fiscal year 1969 attention will be devoted almost exclusively to these areas

53

Statistical Services

Advisory services are provided to the National Statistics Office for two brcad categories of activity the use of statistical techniques and the standardizaticn of the statistical practices throughout the government and the operation of a data processing center In the past several years major emphasis had been directed toward establishing basic capnhilitios within the RTG to standardize statistical methodology in such areas as crop estimtation measurement of price changes census of population industry and business etc Emphasis was alac placed on strengthening the academic capability

in the universities to ensure the development of specialized technicians and managers

Attention to this area is new diminishing and during the last year the enlargement and capability to use the data processing center has received first pricrity In addition to the existing IBM 1401 an IBM 360 was installed and two advisoro in the specialized

utilization of this equipment were provided through the US Bureau of the Census to train operators and to assist in broadening the utilization of the center by all of the agencies of the RTG In addition an advisor cn samipling and surveying techniques has been added and special efforts are being made to accertain the attitudes

c the population tcward developmental objectives as well as problems attending insurgency Both of these areas are essential

to objective development programmings

Local Governrent Administration

As in past years this project has concentrated on enhancing the

capability of the Ministry of Interior to improve the administration of naticnal programs at the province and rural levels and especially to facilitate the initiation and conduct of developmental work in the rural areas in response to the needs of the people To this end the project has reviewed the organization and functions of the amphurs

and changwats throughout the Kingdom and has provided the Ministry with detailed recommendations calling fcr simplificaticn cf adminisshytrative and financial activities for the improverrment of personnel administration and for the creation of new organization elements intended to deal particularly with the development activities the involvement of villages in lccal gcvernment and the discharge cf self-protection responsibilities at the village level

54

Local Government In-Service Training

Progress in this project is reflected by the degree to which the Training Division of the Department of Local Administration increases the scope and variety of training activities During the past year the Developing Democracy Program which had been carried cut in 61 tambcls in its first year was expanded to 147 tambcls and involved over 4 000 persons In other areas of activity the Divisicn was similarly involved between Cctober 1966 and September 1967 800 Village Security Officars were given Cpecialized training for service in areas of extreme insurgent activity regular and special courses to increase the administrative competence and to reshydirect program activities to development work was given to Nei

Lmphurs members of Sapa Changwats Paladt1mphurs for rural development Palad nmphnrs for security and changwat functional officers lItogether some 3 000 persons received training in these courses during the year In additicn a special course was repeated between August 14 and Ncvember 11 1966 in Naldon Phonomn Province to instruct all gcvernment officers concerning ccuntershyinsurgency activities During the year the third grout of new NaiAnphurs were graduated from the Nhi Lrphur Acdemy

55

CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Potable Water

A A regional field headquarters consisting of engineering design and drafting facilities cffices water laboratcry and warehouse has been constructed in Khcn Kaen which is centrally located in the

Ncrtheast Although the AampE end the Thei design engineers are

officed in Khon Kaen there is at least one field engineer and several

construction technicians in each province The design engineer and

the field engineer exchange pcsitions after a sufficient period of training in order that all engineers obtain experience in both design and construition work

B Standard dasigns have been developed for elevated tanks clear

wells pump hcuses and treatment plants Treatment plants of 1C

cum hr 20 cu m hr 30 carm hr and 50 cnm hr capacity

have been designed The drawings are numbered in such a manner that they can be interchanged and incorporated into designs for communities having a population suitable for the appropriate preshydetermined size

C In developing these designs the Thai and American engineers work together and in this way on-the-job training is given to the inexperienced engineers Training of construction technicians is tazried cut at the ccnstruction sites Formal lectures are given by both Thai an--d American engineers

D Five Thai engineers have been sent to the United States fcur for one years graduate academic training and one for specialist training Eight engineers attended a two-month course at the SELTC Graduate School of Engineering Eighteen have received thirdshycountry observational training in Taiwan

E A curriculum fcr water works operatcr training has been

developed and two plant operators ccurses have been given Onshy

the-jcb training is also carried out

56

- F A system for warehousing storage and distribution of commodities hLas just been completed Almost 2 million dollars (US) worth of commodities have been ordered and about oneshy

fourth of theoe commodities have arrived

G - Potable water systems serving twenty (20) ccmmunities have been completed Systems fcr 35 communities are under

construction and the target date for their completion is 1 Jantuary

1968 Fifty-seven (57) additional communities have been surveyed and bids are ready to be let on mcst of them Construction for these 57 communities is expected to be finiched by 1 July 1968 If this goal is attained the Potable Water Project will be on schedule

Private Sector Development

1 Introduction This project covers the advisory services provided by the staff members of the USOM Private Enterprise Division whose principal activity areas include the prcmeticn of private investrent accnomic instituticn building and economic

development financing Progress to date in each of these reas

is discussed below

2 Promotion of investment

A Investment Guaranty Program - Risk Insurance AID investment risk insurance ccverage for over $92 million has been issued for private American equity and loan capital investment in Thailand Cf this total $12 million is in extended risk coverage

for three different projects (discussed below) $36 million is for

convertibility risks $134 million for expropriation risks $104 million for war and related risks and $20 I milli on for combined expropriation-war risks

B Extended Risk Projects in Thailand

(1) Intercontinental Housing - $5 million fcr construction

of 817 low income twc- and three-bedroom houses First section

of 257 houses expected to be ccmpleted in February 1968 Conshystruction prcceeding at 0 67 hcuses per day Large backlog of buyers indicate contihued good sales outlook

57

(2) Siam Kraft Paper Prcject - $4 million for construction of integrated pulp and paper making plant whose total investment is expected to exceed $29 million Plant is now under constructicn and is expected to commence operations in early 1969

(3) Calabrian (Calthai) Farm Service Center Project - $3 million to construct farm service centers upcountry which will provide

storage facilities and make available to Thai farmers the equipment necessary for plowing planting cultivating harvesting shelling and drying corn This company recently built a modern 65 000 ton capacity grain elevator upcountry and it is now receiving corn shipments for storage drying and grading prior to export Additional

collection centers are planned for cther upccuntry prcvinces

3 Institution Building

A Ministry of Industry One PE advisor has been approved

by the Ministry for full time advisory services He will be located in the industrial and Economic Planning Cffice c a December 20

B Board cf Investment Cne PE advisor is working with BOI half time tc maintain close working relationship during and after Checchi contract close cut Main emphasis is assisting in revision of Promotion of Investment Law Additional PE staff assistance is made available when requested and available

C Coordinated Industry Survey Prcgram This programs principal objective is to develop RTG instituticnal capabilities through on-the-jcb training and advisory assistance in industrial research planning promotion and policy formulaticn Ministry of Industry and BOI participated in the first project which was a survey of the

Plastics Industry (ccmpletad in June 1967) and are actively working on the second project which is a Farm Machinery Survey

As a result of the Plastics Industry Survey the Ministry of Industry with help of BOI and USOM conducted a very successful seminar to bring together all elements of the local private business sector

and various interested government agencies fcr in-depth presentashy

tion and discussion of the survey

58

D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

38

Progress

Progress to date includes (a) The administration of 23 167 experimental tests to 3753 students in 30 major testing sescicns at 24 different institutions (b) preparation and trial of 18 different tests six of them in four different versions (c) the ccnductihg of a research study with Pratcm 7 students to determine the most apprcpriate form of test administraticn tc obtain suitable prediction tests fcr selection (d) the conducting of a research study with Pratom 7 students to determine the effects of different home languages upon aptitude tests performance (e) a continuing prcgram of test sccring and analysis leading to rejection cf particular tects (three sc far) acceptance of cthers as operational (six so far) and the decision to do further work on-cther tests

Eight counterparts have been assigned to the testing unit Between them they are now teaching five graduate courses in tests and measurement or statistics at the Ccllege of Education Presarn Mitr Two have been nominated for participant training beginning in January 1968 In additicn a student at the Ccllege of Education who will complete an MA in March 1968 has been awarded a Thai government scholarship fcr graduate study leading to a US Doctorate in tests and measurements

HEALTH

Ccmprehensive Rural Health

1 Background Since the incepticn cf this project in FY 66 USOM suppcrt has been given to the M CP H rural health developshyment effort within the broad framework of the five-year health development plan USOM as well as the MCPHhas emphasized support of health activities in areas of strcng or increasing insurgent activity

Support has been given by USOM in the areas of training of health workers developing the rural health infrastructure environmental health activities communicable disease control rural hospital improvement and participant training

39

2 Prcgress to Date

A Training of Health Workers Since FY 66 the Department of Health has improved two existing schools and opened one new school for Junior Health Workers Cne existing school for the training of village midwives was improved one new schocl opened one school is under construction and one school is in the planning stage - A school icr the training of dental hygienists who will work in health centers in sensitive provinces will open in February 1968 One school for the training of nurse aids for service in health centers in ARD provinces was established in 1967

More than 1 100 health workers of all types are graduated each year by the Department of Health schools and the School of Public Health in Bangkok for service in the project area

B Rural Hospitals The MCPH is adding hospital beds at the rate of 800 - 1000 per year USCM support in the form of essential items of essential movable rnedical equipment for 18 hospitals in the ARD area amounted to $260 000 to date

C Develcpment of the Rural Health Infrastructure The MGPH is constructing and staffing rural health centers at the rate of approximately 275 per year in the project area Four-wheel drive vehicles have been or will be provided by FY 69 through USCM to all Provincial Health Offices and 11 arnphur health centers To date 135 vehicles have beenprcvided $250 000 worth of supplemental drugs and medical supplies for rural health centers in the project area

In-service courses and seminars for supervisory staff and health center staff train approximately 300 per year

More than 1000 village leaders from 20 provinces in the project area have been trained to date in badic health and sanitation practice -

D Infectious Disease Control Programs for the control of tuberculosis yaws trachoma leprosy and venereal diceases are rapidly expanding intc remcte villages of the project area USCM has supported the establishment of three tuberculosis ccntrol units covering eight ARD provinces

4

40

E Environmiental Health Program Since FY 66 environmental health programs have been started in 2300 villages in the project area Almost 15 000 villages new have an environshymental health program Since FY 66 900 000 water seal latrines and 1300 school water supplies have been installed

F Health Education In FY 66 two mobile health education units were fielded in the project area- In FY 67 three additional teams were added and in FY 68 six new teams will be formed

G Participant Training Since FY 66 92 officers clcsely associated with rural health training or operations have been trained in the United States and 158 have been trained in third countries

Mobile Medical Teams

1 Within the Calendar Year 1967 the Mobile Medical Team Program (M1MT) expanded to 22 MMTe in the field providing health cervices to remote villages in the Northeast Further teams were fielded at various times in the Northern provinces but their number fluctuated with the availability of physicians There are as of this date nine teams staffed jointly by Departrment of Health and USCM (SAFAsia) technicians five from Siriraj Medical School twc from Chiang Mai Medical School four from Department of Medical Services and six from Department of Health for a total of 26 teams Combined team production included approximately 900 000 villagers treated at a total cost of $300 000 for drugs and medical supplies

2 Preventive medicine activities of the teams oupported by SIAFAsia personnel include 40 wells dug 8 pumps installed 27 pumps repaired 2 school water systems inztalled 3 health center water systems installed and 201 privieu installed during the reporting period Self-help was emphasized thrcughout and 272 well casings were hauled and 698 feet of pipe installed by villagers utilizing their own labor

3 Three well-qualified USCM Medical TechnicianAdvisors were posted in FY 68 to locations in North Ncrtheast and South Thailand An effective liaison between USCM and the 606th Air Commando Squadron (civic action element) was also established early in FY 68

41

4 One particular event cccured this year which may well be very significant to future MMT operations if the trend continues The provinces of Nong Khai Roi Et and Chiang Rai all fielded MMTs with staff provided by the Provincial Health Services and funded by ALD This trend if it continues is mot desirable since MMTs fielded with personnel frcm within the provinces should insure better continuity of personnel

5 Training of paramedical personnel for rural areas continued in this reporting period with the following results 40 students have graduated and are presently undergcing further training in first closs health centers 190 additional students are presently in training and 130 are programmed to start training on 2 January 1968

6 A meeting of the Medical Counterinsurgency Committee was held in October at which a new expanded MMT program for FY 69 was presented by U50M The proposal was approved in principle and later presented to RTG Ministry of Health officials Pending the outccme of a forthcc ming MCPH-ARD meeting it is expected the IMT program in the provinces of Ubol Nong Khai Sakon Nakhon Nakhcn Phanom and Kalasin will be expanded to approximately 60 teams composed of Thai physicians nurses canitarians and ARD paramedics US involvement will be limited tc supply and training functions at bace team sites in amphur health centers

Hopefully by the end of FY 1968 more than 100 mobile medical teams will be active in ARD provinces

Malaria Eradication

With the exception of municipal areas which are ncn-malarious and a few small areas of insecurity the prcject has now reached total national ccverage under various phases of malaria eradicaticn a population of 3 1 million FY 68 and FY 69 represent peak years of activity and funding requirement Gn the basis of an internal assessment just nearing completion a number of districts will be withdrawn from spraying operations due to the lowered incidence of malaria and will be continued under surveillance Other areas

42

because of terrain vector habits and population migratici are presenting difficult operational and technical problems and hardshycare malaria foci These are requiring intensive study and special research efforts and to this end a special tJ5PHS Operational Research Team is now becoming established

In general the prcgram is meeting the targets originally set forth in its plan of operaticns in 1965 and in-particular in the subsequent revisions of September 1966 (E-La) However further increased funding has been required and projected because of increasod cost of DDT and intensified DDT coverage in the difficult malarious areas It is hoped that trasent researchactivities will lead to other more effective and eccnomical methods to be used in the problem areas It is now anticipated that some additional funding will also be necessary into FY 1973

An assessment cf the program by a team from the U5 Public Health Service in March 1967 in addition to stressing the need for intensified investigation of specific technical problems pointed up several administrative and operational deficiencies requiring attention As a result particular efforts have been made to improve supervision at every echelon

Forty-three Peace Corps Volunteers are now working effectively with the program as assistants to Zone Chiefs or in entcmc1cgy

Resultz of surveillance activities indicate adequate progress from the general technical point of view and are as follows

1965 1966 1967

Attack Phase (Late)

Population 1185807Z 14667885 17696279

Annual Parasite Incidence per 1000 Population 59 38 24

Consolidation Phase

Population 3922353 4725797 5002728

Annual Parasite Incidence per 1000 Population 25 13 078

Projected to end of CY 1967 (Arpreximately 94 million population are under early Attack Phase measures)

43

During the last operational year 9 315 persons received training This included participants in-country pre-service training inshyservice training and special training

Chiengmai Medical

1 The construction work on the hospital was substantially completed on the scheduled date of September 19 1967 Since that time the contractor has been correcting the various small items that were listed in deficiencies by the AampE and Inspection Committee

2 The Cabinet of Thailand vcted to continue immediately with the construction of the fcur-story addition to the hospital building It was further decided that the contract for the addition would be linked with the original contract and the same contractor be awarded the jcb This will eliminate mobilization cost and other starting expenses In addition the present contractors men possess the knowledge of the present utility installations that have to be connected to in accordance with the specifications of the supplemental contract

3 The Budget Bureau of the RTG has approved 15 million baht the for the construction of the addition and the Prime Ministers Office has requested USOM to approve $ 16 million from counterpart funds thereby making a total of $ 31 million the amount required to construct the additional four floore In March 1967 USOM agreed to finance the AE costs during the construction period of the addition which will run approximately $30 000 This will be the only AID funds spent on this job AIDW has been csked to approve a waiver of the Manual Order requirements in order that the Mission may engage the Norman P Anderson firm the AE for the project

4 As many sections as possible of the new building will be put into use during the construction period as the need for new classrooms library auditorium lecture rooms out-patient areas etc is urgent During the interim the contractor is keeping his various construction forces intact waiting for the

44

amended contract which will be signed as coon as the Mission receives AIDW concurrence The work on the addition is scheduled to be completed in 18 months This project will give the northern area of the country the medical center the RTG and USOM have been working to acquire since 1951

Rural Hospital Survey

1 Backgrcund This contract is designed tc survey the condition and establish priorities for improvement for the 3500 beds in 26 hospitals presently available to the rural and urban population of the ARD provinces

Since these hospitals are in most cases the final referral location for the entire population of these provinces their needs must be determined and acted up-on by the RTG in order to carry cut a comprehensive medical care program both traditional and quick impact

In order to establish a systematic framework within which a hcspital improvement program can operate the contractor would perform the following steps -essential in such a prcgram

A Examination and recording of existing facilities and an analysis of existing conditions and deficiencies for each hospital and for the total regional hospital complex

B Compilation of a priorities checklist for hospital facilities in Thailand

C Preparation of hospital master plans fcr each facility

2 Progress to Date An American architectural firm with offices in Bangkok has submitted an unsclicited proposal to USOCM and has held preliminary discussions with the MCPH To date no funds are available for this project

45

School of Public Health

1 Purpee This project will assist the RTG in developing the School of Public Health of the University of Medical Sciences under contractual arrangements with the Univer sity of North Carolina Schcl of Public Health by (1) overcoming the present imbalance andinadequacies of faculty and curriculum and (2) inctituting and developing a field practice and demcnstration area in Northeast Thailand

2 Introduction USOMThailand -s part of its program of assisting the RTG in the development of health services for rural areas reccgnizes that the Schcol of Public Health of the University of Medical Sciences is a key institution in this effort Some 400 students mostly from provincial areas and essentially all with prior work and responsibility in the RTG Health Services are currently receiving professicnal training in such fields as health administration public health nursing nutriticn health education and environmental sanitation The School of Public Health should be and could be one cf the principle training institutions for the development of the methodlogy and skilled ma2naflpcwor needed to create effective country-wide rural health services Presently many Thai health worker9 are going to the US for graduate training in the health fields because training at home in many fields is far below standard Cften this trainin3 is not appropriate to the health conditions and needs of Thailand It is in the interest of both Thailand and the United States that the RTG School of Public Health be strengthened to the level where it can furnish in-country trained leadership in the various health fields particularly as they arply to rural health in Thailand

3 Fundamental RTG Health Development Problems to be Cverccme by this Project

Confusion duplication and contradictions in the training and utilizEtion of health workers

B Cver-emphasis on National Health Offices and probably on categorical national health programs in general

46

C Over-precccupation with and over-emphasis of the role of the physician in health programs

D Cver-education and re-educaticn of an elite corps

E Under-utilization of existing facilities

F Lack of an effective system of echeloned supervision

G The schism between curative and preventive services

H Under-budgetihg of health units in rural areas

4 Timetable of Operations In line with USAID concern to bring rapid and demonstrable health services to politically sensitive areas it wculd require this project to produce tangible

results within 2-3 years A maximunm 5-year life of the project is necessary to provide the benefits of long-term academicshyinternational collaboration vital to both the U SA and Thailand

In order to accomplish the above it is in the best interests of the Mission to negotiate this contract during this fiscal year A Chief of Party (physician) and Junior Public Health physician could arrive here some time in January or February The Chief of Party would start the project implerrenftticn at the Bangkok level while the Public Health physician would make a start at developing a comprehensive field training area oriented to the Northeast problerrs probably in Korat Province

1

5 Progres to Date

For the past two years much interest has been generated by the Schocl of Public Health the University of North Carcline the Prime IVIinisters Cffice and the Mission relative to a contract funded by U1GM for collaboration between the School of Public Health and the University of North Carclina

Recently a team from North Carolina visited Thailand and met with RTG and USOM officials In the near future a delegation of RTG officials including General Netr and Dr Jajaval Ccathanondh

47

Rector University of Medical Sciences Office cf the Prime Minister will visit the campus at Chapel Hill in North Carolina to hold further discussions To date no funds are available

for this project

Protein Food Development

1 Background It is a well-established fact that malnutrition

is common in remote rural areas of Thailand basically in the form

of vitamin and protein deficiencies

In simrple terms a way must be found to develcp an acceptable and

inexpensive high protein food to supplement the basic rice diet of

the rural population The development and consequent acceptance

of such a food product will have a marked counterinsurgency effect

on the most vulnerable target group

The solution cf the problem involves

A An evaluatic of nutritional ampeficiehciesand cccrdination

of program development

B The establishment of adequate research and develcpment

facilities in food technology in Thailand

C The development of a family of inexpensive high protein

foods to correct protein malnutrition particularly in pre-school

children

D Field testing of prototype food supplements in villages

for acceptability and nutritional value

E -Obtaining the interest of private industry in production and

marketing of acceptable food products on a commercial basis

2 Proposed USOM Program FY 68

- A Provide a direct hire nutrition advicor

B Approve the Shaefer-MayUniversity of Maryland

research proposal

48

C Establish a field testing area suitable for testing several different Prototype food supplements including commercially developed products

3 Progress to Date

It is expected that a team from AIDW7 will visit this Mission some time in December 1967 to finalize plans for this project

Population Planning

1 Background Thailands population growth rate of 3 31a per year is one cf the highest in the wcrld and a matter of growing concern to the Rcyal Thai Government For the past few years the Ministry cf Public Health in cooperaticn with the Population Council Thai Medical Schools USOM and other private agencies has been conducting operational research in family planning methods at various locations thrcughout Thailand

The Ministry of Public Health well aware of the populaticn grcwth rate and its implications has decided that the time has come to broaden the base of these various research projects into an expanding three-year program of family planning service using the existing facilities and personnel of the Department of Public Health and the Department of Medical Services This project in the absence of an expressed naticnal policy will be carried 6 ut within the Ministry as an extension of maternal and child health services

This project will be coordinated by a committee at the ministerial level with Dr Sombun Phong-Akera Under-Eecretary as the project director and chairman of the ccrnmittee Four subshycommittees have been formed tc carry on the project activities They are (1) Services within the Depaitment of Health (2) Evaluation within the Office of the Under-Secretary of State for Public Health (3) Training within the Department of Health And (4) Research within the Department of Medical Services

2 Progress tc Date Previous efforts of the Ministry cf Public Health and ccoperating agencies in family planning have met with marked success Clinics were established for the insertion of intra-uterine devices (I U D0 ) and evaluations made of their acceptance Other contraceptive methods have been studied and tested which include the Pill and hormone injections To date the Pill as well as the I UD has had wide acceptance amcngst

49

Thai wcmen

In FY 67 USCM provided medical equipment for 40 family planning clinics and assisted in the training of 15 doctors There are now 31 hospitals in 28 provinces which have recently completed a total of 10 611 IUD insertions These combined with insertions accomplished in earlier established clinics will total 75 000 women It is estimated that in excess of 100 000 women are taking the Pill on a regular basis

3 The FY 68 Ministry of Public Health Program Gperationshyally the area of coverage will extend to 16 provinces They are Korat Buriram Sisaket Surin Wool Udorn Nong Khai Loey Chamrphon Aycthya Chaiyaphum Pattani Nakhon Sri Thammarat Yale Narathiwat and Pattalung

The population of this area is approximately 6 5 million of which is estimated that 12 or 780 000 females are within the fertile age group of 20-44 years of age By July 1968 it is expected an additional 50 000 femralec not now covered by existing programs will have accepted a contraceptive means on a regular basis

Ten in-service training courses are programmed for this fiscal year commencing in January 1968 One hundred dcctcro will be trained in three courses and 120 nursee and 700 ddwives will be trained in seven courses

Ninety-four clinics for I UD insertions will be established in hospitals and health centers in the 16 province areas during the fiscal year Services for advice and provision of the Pill will extend to all health and midwifery centers at the tambol and village level

Regular budget appropriation will be used for the salaries of personnel involved in this program A counterpart budget cf 450 000 beht will need to be negotiated with the Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation

4 The FY 69 and FY 70 Ministry of Public Health Program The prcgram calls for the rapid broadening of the services base to an additional 15 provinces covering 120 000 women in FY 69 and 15 additional provinces in FY 70 covering 250 000 women

r

50

INSTITUTIONampL DZVSLCPIvENT

Community Development

1 as of the end of RTG 2511 (September 30 1967) 91 area coverage piojects have been established in 27 changwats USO1M has provided audic-visual equipment and transportaticn to each of these anphurs In addition audio-visual support has been provided to three cf the four regicnal training centers

2 The Community Development Department offers both preshyservice and in-service training to Community Development personnel In FY 67 the following personnel received training

A 331 Village Organizers were recruited and received 6 months pre-service training

B The follcwing received in- service training

(1) 117 CD Wcrkers (2) 150 CD WAY Workers (3) 108 CD Supervisors (4) 60 CD Trainers

3 Village leadership development calls for continued attention to village leader training and develcpment with increased emphasis on the development cf attitudes and abilities of the peonle tc prepare them to accept the responsibility of their own develcpment and to carry a larger share of the burden cf their own security As of the end of FY 2511 (September 30 1967) villagers had received training as follows

A 12 000 (Men) Leadership Training B 3 600 (Women) Leadership Training C 3 540 Occupational Training D 1 200 Recreational Training E 1 400 Tambon Development Committee Training

These villagers represent over 4 000 villages in 68 amphurs of 27 changwats

51

3 Opecial training for the following was provided in FY 67

A Acadermic 6 B Short Term Study Tour 4 C Gbservtion Tours 23 Village leaders

22 Village organizers 11 Women leaders 33 CD Trainers 11 CD Changwat amp Amnphur Officers

4 In FY 67 S 16 million was spent on village self-help and occupational promotional projacts Villagers contributed labor and local materials valued at 60 of RTG contributions A total of 1 651 prcjocts were ccmpleted using Community Development Department grants An additional 519 projects were ccmpleted without CD Department grantE bringing the self-help total to 2 170 Continued emphasis will be placed on village celf-help projects Over $ 17 million has been budgeted fcr the program in FY 68

Civil Service

The services provided under a contract with the State cf California 4(initiated in FY 1966) will complets asnrvev c pr nc ah

in all of the ministriesspecial first second and third gre10 and departments vricr to -June 1968 At that time the results

of the survey will be reviewed with the Prime Minister and Council

of Ministers and subject to their apprcval the institution of a

classification syotcom will caInnuncc

First emphasis will be given to these ministries concerned with

development activities in Northeastern Thailand At the same time a survey of pcsitions in the fcurth grade will be undertaken and tests and techniques for testing will be introduced into the

personnel administration system for the selecticn and placement

of employees It is also expected that the existing Civil Service

Law will be revised and presented for legislative approval some

time during 1968

52

Labor

This project which was initiated in response to a request from the

RTG became active with the arrival of an advisor in Labor Department

Administration early in 1967 and with the addition of an Employment Service Kdviscr in July 1967 These advisors have concentrate-1 on the development or improvement of regulations affecting labor usage labor standards and safety with pFrticular reference to broadening a regulatory capability within the Labor Department and to the expansicn of employment service ctivities into Northeastern Thailand This latter function is intended to classify workers coming from the rural areas into the urban complexes to determine

training requirements and to assist in job placerrent

Management Improvement

This project wzich has been continuously concerned with establishing an crganizaticn and methods servicing capability within the Budget Bureau And to establish the Bureau as the principal management crganization for the government has during the pact year completed

insofar as possible these parts of its activities relating to the

organizaticn and functions of the Highway Department the iAnistry of Agriculture and the training of GampM technicians within the Budget Bureau itself

During the year reccmmendations for major changes in the Ministry of Education also were formalized and initial steps were taken to implement scrre of these recommendations and several detailed studies were undertaken looking for the improvement of the organization established to administer the accelerated rural development program in the Office of the Prime Minister

With the diminution of CampM activities the project has turned its

attention to enhancing budget administration and the auditing function of the gcvernment It is expected that during the remainder of the project through fiscal year 1969 attention will be devoted almost exclusively to these areas

53

Statistical Services

Advisory services are provided to the National Statistics Office for two brcad categories of activity the use of statistical techniques and the standardizaticn of the statistical practices throughout the government and the operation of a data processing center In the past several years major emphasis had been directed toward establishing basic capnhilitios within the RTG to standardize statistical methodology in such areas as crop estimtation measurement of price changes census of population industry and business etc Emphasis was alac placed on strengthening the academic capability

in the universities to ensure the development of specialized technicians and managers

Attention to this area is new diminishing and during the last year the enlargement and capability to use the data processing center has received first pricrity In addition to the existing IBM 1401 an IBM 360 was installed and two advisoro in the specialized

utilization of this equipment were provided through the US Bureau of the Census to train operators and to assist in broadening the utilization of the center by all of the agencies of the RTG In addition an advisor cn samipling and surveying techniques has been added and special efforts are being made to accertain the attitudes

c the population tcward developmental objectives as well as problems attending insurgency Both of these areas are essential

to objective development programmings

Local Governrent Administration

As in past years this project has concentrated on enhancing the

capability of the Ministry of Interior to improve the administration of naticnal programs at the province and rural levels and especially to facilitate the initiation and conduct of developmental work in the rural areas in response to the needs of the people To this end the project has reviewed the organization and functions of the amphurs

and changwats throughout the Kingdom and has provided the Ministry with detailed recommendations calling fcr simplificaticn cf adminisshytrative and financial activities for the improverrment of personnel administration and for the creation of new organization elements intended to deal particularly with the development activities the involvement of villages in lccal gcvernment and the discharge cf self-protection responsibilities at the village level

54

Local Government In-Service Training

Progress in this project is reflected by the degree to which the Training Division of the Department of Local Administration increases the scope and variety of training activities During the past year the Developing Democracy Program which had been carried cut in 61 tambcls in its first year was expanded to 147 tambcls and involved over 4 000 persons In other areas of activity the Divisicn was similarly involved between Cctober 1966 and September 1967 800 Village Security Officars were given Cpecialized training for service in areas of extreme insurgent activity regular and special courses to increase the administrative competence and to reshydirect program activities to development work was given to Nei

Lmphurs members of Sapa Changwats Paladt1mphurs for rural development Palad nmphnrs for security and changwat functional officers lItogether some 3 000 persons received training in these courses during the year In additicn a special course was repeated between August 14 and Ncvember 11 1966 in Naldon Phonomn Province to instruct all gcvernment officers concerning ccuntershyinsurgency activities During the year the third grout of new NaiAnphurs were graduated from the Nhi Lrphur Acdemy

55

CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Potable Water

A A regional field headquarters consisting of engineering design and drafting facilities cffices water laboratcry and warehouse has been constructed in Khcn Kaen which is centrally located in the

Ncrtheast Although the AampE end the Thei design engineers are

officed in Khon Kaen there is at least one field engineer and several

construction technicians in each province The design engineer and

the field engineer exchange pcsitions after a sufficient period of training in order that all engineers obtain experience in both design and construition work

B Standard dasigns have been developed for elevated tanks clear

wells pump hcuses and treatment plants Treatment plants of 1C

cum hr 20 cu m hr 30 carm hr and 50 cnm hr capacity

have been designed The drawings are numbered in such a manner that they can be interchanged and incorporated into designs for communities having a population suitable for the appropriate preshydetermined size

C In developing these designs the Thai and American engineers work together and in this way on-the-job training is given to the inexperienced engineers Training of construction technicians is tazried cut at the ccnstruction sites Formal lectures are given by both Thai an--d American engineers

D Five Thai engineers have been sent to the United States fcur for one years graduate academic training and one for specialist training Eight engineers attended a two-month course at the SELTC Graduate School of Engineering Eighteen have received thirdshycountry observational training in Taiwan

E A curriculum fcr water works operatcr training has been

developed and two plant operators ccurses have been given Onshy

the-jcb training is also carried out

56

- F A system for warehousing storage and distribution of commodities hLas just been completed Almost 2 million dollars (US) worth of commodities have been ordered and about oneshy

fourth of theoe commodities have arrived

G - Potable water systems serving twenty (20) ccmmunities have been completed Systems fcr 35 communities are under

construction and the target date for their completion is 1 Jantuary

1968 Fifty-seven (57) additional communities have been surveyed and bids are ready to be let on mcst of them Construction for these 57 communities is expected to be finiched by 1 July 1968 If this goal is attained the Potable Water Project will be on schedule

Private Sector Development

1 Introduction This project covers the advisory services provided by the staff members of the USOM Private Enterprise Division whose principal activity areas include the prcmeticn of private investrent accnomic instituticn building and economic

development financing Progress to date in each of these reas

is discussed below

2 Promotion of investment

A Investment Guaranty Program - Risk Insurance AID investment risk insurance ccverage for over $92 million has been issued for private American equity and loan capital investment in Thailand Cf this total $12 million is in extended risk coverage

for three different projects (discussed below) $36 million is for

convertibility risks $134 million for expropriation risks $104 million for war and related risks and $20 I milli on for combined expropriation-war risks

B Extended Risk Projects in Thailand

(1) Intercontinental Housing - $5 million fcr construction

of 817 low income twc- and three-bedroom houses First section

of 257 houses expected to be ccmpleted in February 1968 Conshystruction prcceeding at 0 67 hcuses per day Large backlog of buyers indicate contihued good sales outlook

57

(2) Siam Kraft Paper Prcject - $4 million for construction of integrated pulp and paper making plant whose total investment is expected to exceed $29 million Plant is now under constructicn and is expected to commence operations in early 1969

(3) Calabrian (Calthai) Farm Service Center Project - $3 million to construct farm service centers upcountry which will provide

storage facilities and make available to Thai farmers the equipment necessary for plowing planting cultivating harvesting shelling and drying corn This company recently built a modern 65 000 ton capacity grain elevator upcountry and it is now receiving corn shipments for storage drying and grading prior to export Additional

collection centers are planned for cther upccuntry prcvinces

3 Institution Building

A Ministry of Industry One PE advisor has been approved

by the Ministry for full time advisory services He will be located in the industrial and Economic Planning Cffice c a December 20

B Board cf Investment Cne PE advisor is working with BOI half time tc maintain close working relationship during and after Checchi contract close cut Main emphasis is assisting in revision of Promotion of Investment Law Additional PE staff assistance is made available when requested and available

C Coordinated Industry Survey Prcgram This programs principal objective is to develop RTG instituticnal capabilities through on-the-jcb training and advisory assistance in industrial research planning promotion and policy formulaticn Ministry of Industry and BOI participated in the first project which was a survey of the

Plastics Industry (ccmpletad in June 1967) and are actively working on the second project which is a Farm Machinery Survey

As a result of the Plastics Industry Survey the Ministry of Industry with help of BOI and USOM conducted a very successful seminar to bring together all elements of the local private business sector

and various interested government agencies fcr in-depth presentashy

tion and discussion of the survey

58

D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

39

2 Prcgress to Date

A Training of Health Workers Since FY 66 the Department of Health has improved two existing schools and opened one new school for Junior Health Workers Cne existing school for the training of village midwives was improved one new schocl opened one school is under construction and one school is in the planning stage - A school icr the training of dental hygienists who will work in health centers in sensitive provinces will open in February 1968 One school for the training of nurse aids for service in health centers in ARD provinces was established in 1967

More than 1 100 health workers of all types are graduated each year by the Department of Health schools and the School of Public Health in Bangkok for service in the project area

B Rural Hospitals The MCPH is adding hospital beds at the rate of 800 - 1000 per year USCM support in the form of essential items of essential movable rnedical equipment for 18 hospitals in the ARD area amounted to $260 000 to date

C Develcpment of the Rural Health Infrastructure The MGPH is constructing and staffing rural health centers at the rate of approximately 275 per year in the project area Four-wheel drive vehicles have been or will be provided by FY 69 through USCM to all Provincial Health Offices and 11 arnphur health centers To date 135 vehicles have beenprcvided $250 000 worth of supplemental drugs and medical supplies for rural health centers in the project area

In-service courses and seminars for supervisory staff and health center staff train approximately 300 per year

More than 1000 village leaders from 20 provinces in the project area have been trained to date in badic health and sanitation practice -

D Infectious Disease Control Programs for the control of tuberculosis yaws trachoma leprosy and venereal diceases are rapidly expanding intc remcte villages of the project area USCM has supported the establishment of three tuberculosis ccntrol units covering eight ARD provinces

4

40

E Environmiental Health Program Since FY 66 environmental health programs have been started in 2300 villages in the project area Almost 15 000 villages new have an environshymental health program Since FY 66 900 000 water seal latrines and 1300 school water supplies have been installed

F Health Education In FY 66 two mobile health education units were fielded in the project area- In FY 67 three additional teams were added and in FY 68 six new teams will be formed

G Participant Training Since FY 66 92 officers clcsely associated with rural health training or operations have been trained in the United States and 158 have been trained in third countries

Mobile Medical Teams

1 Within the Calendar Year 1967 the Mobile Medical Team Program (M1MT) expanded to 22 MMTe in the field providing health cervices to remote villages in the Northeast Further teams were fielded at various times in the Northern provinces but their number fluctuated with the availability of physicians There are as of this date nine teams staffed jointly by Departrment of Health and USCM (SAFAsia) technicians five from Siriraj Medical School twc from Chiang Mai Medical School four from Department of Medical Services and six from Department of Health for a total of 26 teams Combined team production included approximately 900 000 villagers treated at a total cost of $300 000 for drugs and medical supplies

2 Preventive medicine activities of the teams oupported by SIAFAsia personnel include 40 wells dug 8 pumps installed 27 pumps repaired 2 school water systems inztalled 3 health center water systems installed and 201 privieu installed during the reporting period Self-help was emphasized thrcughout and 272 well casings were hauled and 698 feet of pipe installed by villagers utilizing their own labor

3 Three well-qualified USCM Medical TechnicianAdvisors were posted in FY 68 to locations in North Ncrtheast and South Thailand An effective liaison between USCM and the 606th Air Commando Squadron (civic action element) was also established early in FY 68

41

4 One particular event cccured this year which may well be very significant to future MMT operations if the trend continues The provinces of Nong Khai Roi Et and Chiang Rai all fielded MMTs with staff provided by the Provincial Health Services and funded by ALD This trend if it continues is mot desirable since MMTs fielded with personnel frcm within the provinces should insure better continuity of personnel

5 Training of paramedical personnel for rural areas continued in this reporting period with the following results 40 students have graduated and are presently undergcing further training in first closs health centers 190 additional students are presently in training and 130 are programmed to start training on 2 January 1968

6 A meeting of the Medical Counterinsurgency Committee was held in October at which a new expanded MMT program for FY 69 was presented by U50M The proposal was approved in principle and later presented to RTG Ministry of Health officials Pending the outccme of a forthcc ming MCPH-ARD meeting it is expected the IMT program in the provinces of Ubol Nong Khai Sakon Nakhon Nakhcn Phanom and Kalasin will be expanded to approximately 60 teams composed of Thai physicians nurses canitarians and ARD paramedics US involvement will be limited tc supply and training functions at bace team sites in amphur health centers

Hopefully by the end of FY 1968 more than 100 mobile medical teams will be active in ARD provinces

Malaria Eradication

With the exception of municipal areas which are ncn-malarious and a few small areas of insecurity the prcject has now reached total national ccverage under various phases of malaria eradicaticn a population of 3 1 million FY 68 and FY 69 represent peak years of activity and funding requirement Gn the basis of an internal assessment just nearing completion a number of districts will be withdrawn from spraying operations due to the lowered incidence of malaria and will be continued under surveillance Other areas

42

because of terrain vector habits and population migratici are presenting difficult operational and technical problems and hardshycare malaria foci These are requiring intensive study and special research efforts and to this end a special tJ5PHS Operational Research Team is now becoming established

In general the prcgram is meeting the targets originally set forth in its plan of operaticns in 1965 and in-particular in the subsequent revisions of September 1966 (E-La) However further increased funding has been required and projected because of increasod cost of DDT and intensified DDT coverage in the difficult malarious areas It is hoped that trasent researchactivities will lead to other more effective and eccnomical methods to be used in the problem areas It is now anticipated that some additional funding will also be necessary into FY 1973

An assessment cf the program by a team from the U5 Public Health Service in March 1967 in addition to stressing the need for intensified investigation of specific technical problems pointed up several administrative and operational deficiencies requiring attention As a result particular efforts have been made to improve supervision at every echelon

Forty-three Peace Corps Volunteers are now working effectively with the program as assistants to Zone Chiefs or in entcmc1cgy

Resultz of surveillance activities indicate adequate progress from the general technical point of view and are as follows

1965 1966 1967

Attack Phase (Late)

Population 1185807Z 14667885 17696279

Annual Parasite Incidence per 1000 Population 59 38 24

Consolidation Phase

Population 3922353 4725797 5002728

Annual Parasite Incidence per 1000 Population 25 13 078

Projected to end of CY 1967 (Arpreximately 94 million population are under early Attack Phase measures)

43

During the last operational year 9 315 persons received training This included participants in-country pre-service training inshyservice training and special training

Chiengmai Medical

1 The construction work on the hospital was substantially completed on the scheduled date of September 19 1967 Since that time the contractor has been correcting the various small items that were listed in deficiencies by the AampE and Inspection Committee

2 The Cabinet of Thailand vcted to continue immediately with the construction of the fcur-story addition to the hospital building It was further decided that the contract for the addition would be linked with the original contract and the same contractor be awarded the jcb This will eliminate mobilization cost and other starting expenses In addition the present contractors men possess the knowledge of the present utility installations that have to be connected to in accordance with the specifications of the supplemental contract

3 The Budget Bureau of the RTG has approved 15 million baht the for the construction of the addition and the Prime Ministers Office has requested USOM to approve $ 16 million from counterpart funds thereby making a total of $ 31 million the amount required to construct the additional four floore In March 1967 USOM agreed to finance the AE costs during the construction period of the addition which will run approximately $30 000 This will be the only AID funds spent on this job AIDW has been csked to approve a waiver of the Manual Order requirements in order that the Mission may engage the Norman P Anderson firm the AE for the project

4 As many sections as possible of the new building will be put into use during the construction period as the need for new classrooms library auditorium lecture rooms out-patient areas etc is urgent During the interim the contractor is keeping his various construction forces intact waiting for the

44

amended contract which will be signed as coon as the Mission receives AIDW concurrence The work on the addition is scheduled to be completed in 18 months This project will give the northern area of the country the medical center the RTG and USOM have been working to acquire since 1951

Rural Hospital Survey

1 Backgrcund This contract is designed tc survey the condition and establish priorities for improvement for the 3500 beds in 26 hospitals presently available to the rural and urban population of the ARD provinces

Since these hospitals are in most cases the final referral location for the entire population of these provinces their needs must be determined and acted up-on by the RTG in order to carry cut a comprehensive medical care program both traditional and quick impact

In order to establish a systematic framework within which a hcspital improvement program can operate the contractor would perform the following steps -essential in such a prcgram

A Examination and recording of existing facilities and an analysis of existing conditions and deficiencies for each hospital and for the total regional hospital complex

B Compilation of a priorities checklist for hospital facilities in Thailand

C Preparation of hospital master plans fcr each facility

2 Progress to Date An American architectural firm with offices in Bangkok has submitted an unsclicited proposal to USOCM and has held preliminary discussions with the MCPH To date no funds are available for this project

45

School of Public Health

1 Purpee This project will assist the RTG in developing the School of Public Health of the University of Medical Sciences under contractual arrangements with the Univer sity of North Carolina Schcl of Public Health by (1) overcoming the present imbalance andinadequacies of faculty and curriculum and (2) inctituting and developing a field practice and demcnstration area in Northeast Thailand

2 Introduction USOMThailand -s part of its program of assisting the RTG in the development of health services for rural areas reccgnizes that the Schcol of Public Health of the University of Medical Sciences is a key institution in this effort Some 400 students mostly from provincial areas and essentially all with prior work and responsibility in the RTG Health Services are currently receiving professicnal training in such fields as health administration public health nursing nutriticn health education and environmental sanitation The School of Public Health should be and could be one cf the principle training institutions for the development of the methodlogy and skilled ma2naflpcwor needed to create effective country-wide rural health services Presently many Thai health worker9 are going to the US for graduate training in the health fields because training at home in many fields is far below standard Cften this trainin3 is not appropriate to the health conditions and needs of Thailand It is in the interest of both Thailand and the United States that the RTG School of Public Health be strengthened to the level where it can furnish in-country trained leadership in the various health fields particularly as they arply to rural health in Thailand

3 Fundamental RTG Health Development Problems to be Cverccme by this Project

Confusion duplication and contradictions in the training and utilizEtion of health workers

B Cver-emphasis on National Health Offices and probably on categorical national health programs in general

46

C Over-precccupation with and over-emphasis of the role of the physician in health programs

D Cver-education and re-educaticn of an elite corps

E Under-utilization of existing facilities

F Lack of an effective system of echeloned supervision

G The schism between curative and preventive services

H Under-budgetihg of health units in rural areas

4 Timetable of Operations In line with USAID concern to bring rapid and demonstrable health services to politically sensitive areas it wculd require this project to produce tangible

results within 2-3 years A maximunm 5-year life of the project is necessary to provide the benefits of long-term academicshyinternational collaboration vital to both the U SA and Thailand

In order to accomplish the above it is in the best interests of the Mission to negotiate this contract during this fiscal year A Chief of Party (physician) and Junior Public Health physician could arrive here some time in January or February The Chief of Party would start the project implerrenftticn at the Bangkok level while the Public Health physician would make a start at developing a comprehensive field training area oriented to the Northeast problerrs probably in Korat Province

1

5 Progres to Date

For the past two years much interest has been generated by the Schocl of Public Health the University of North Carcline the Prime IVIinisters Cffice and the Mission relative to a contract funded by U1GM for collaboration between the School of Public Health and the University of North Carclina

Recently a team from North Carolina visited Thailand and met with RTG and USOM officials In the near future a delegation of RTG officials including General Netr and Dr Jajaval Ccathanondh

47

Rector University of Medical Sciences Office cf the Prime Minister will visit the campus at Chapel Hill in North Carolina to hold further discussions To date no funds are available

for this project

Protein Food Development

1 Background It is a well-established fact that malnutrition

is common in remote rural areas of Thailand basically in the form

of vitamin and protein deficiencies

In simrple terms a way must be found to develcp an acceptable and

inexpensive high protein food to supplement the basic rice diet of

the rural population The development and consequent acceptance

of such a food product will have a marked counterinsurgency effect

on the most vulnerable target group

The solution cf the problem involves

A An evaluatic of nutritional ampeficiehciesand cccrdination

of program development

B The establishment of adequate research and develcpment

facilities in food technology in Thailand

C The development of a family of inexpensive high protein

foods to correct protein malnutrition particularly in pre-school

children

D Field testing of prototype food supplements in villages

for acceptability and nutritional value

E -Obtaining the interest of private industry in production and

marketing of acceptable food products on a commercial basis

2 Proposed USOM Program FY 68

- A Provide a direct hire nutrition advicor

B Approve the Shaefer-MayUniversity of Maryland

research proposal

48

C Establish a field testing area suitable for testing several different Prototype food supplements including commercially developed products

3 Progress to Date

It is expected that a team from AIDW7 will visit this Mission some time in December 1967 to finalize plans for this project

Population Planning

1 Background Thailands population growth rate of 3 31a per year is one cf the highest in the wcrld and a matter of growing concern to the Rcyal Thai Government For the past few years the Ministry cf Public Health in cooperaticn with the Population Council Thai Medical Schools USOM and other private agencies has been conducting operational research in family planning methods at various locations thrcughout Thailand

The Ministry of Public Health well aware of the populaticn grcwth rate and its implications has decided that the time has come to broaden the base of these various research projects into an expanding three-year program of family planning service using the existing facilities and personnel of the Department of Public Health and the Department of Medical Services This project in the absence of an expressed naticnal policy will be carried 6 ut within the Ministry as an extension of maternal and child health services

This project will be coordinated by a committee at the ministerial level with Dr Sombun Phong-Akera Under-Eecretary as the project director and chairman of the ccrnmittee Four subshycommittees have been formed tc carry on the project activities They are (1) Services within the Depaitment of Health (2) Evaluation within the Office of the Under-Secretary of State for Public Health (3) Training within the Department of Health And (4) Research within the Department of Medical Services

2 Progress tc Date Previous efforts of the Ministry cf Public Health and ccoperating agencies in family planning have met with marked success Clinics were established for the insertion of intra-uterine devices (I U D0 ) and evaluations made of their acceptance Other contraceptive methods have been studied and tested which include the Pill and hormone injections To date the Pill as well as the I UD has had wide acceptance amcngst

49

Thai wcmen

In FY 67 USCM provided medical equipment for 40 family planning clinics and assisted in the training of 15 doctors There are now 31 hospitals in 28 provinces which have recently completed a total of 10 611 IUD insertions These combined with insertions accomplished in earlier established clinics will total 75 000 women It is estimated that in excess of 100 000 women are taking the Pill on a regular basis

3 The FY 68 Ministry of Public Health Program Gperationshyally the area of coverage will extend to 16 provinces They are Korat Buriram Sisaket Surin Wool Udorn Nong Khai Loey Chamrphon Aycthya Chaiyaphum Pattani Nakhon Sri Thammarat Yale Narathiwat and Pattalung

The population of this area is approximately 6 5 million of which is estimated that 12 or 780 000 females are within the fertile age group of 20-44 years of age By July 1968 it is expected an additional 50 000 femralec not now covered by existing programs will have accepted a contraceptive means on a regular basis

Ten in-service training courses are programmed for this fiscal year commencing in January 1968 One hundred dcctcro will be trained in three courses and 120 nursee and 700 ddwives will be trained in seven courses

Ninety-four clinics for I UD insertions will be established in hospitals and health centers in the 16 province areas during the fiscal year Services for advice and provision of the Pill will extend to all health and midwifery centers at the tambol and village level

Regular budget appropriation will be used for the salaries of personnel involved in this program A counterpart budget cf 450 000 beht will need to be negotiated with the Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation

4 The FY 69 and FY 70 Ministry of Public Health Program The prcgram calls for the rapid broadening of the services base to an additional 15 provinces covering 120 000 women in FY 69 and 15 additional provinces in FY 70 covering 250 000 women

r

50

INSTITUTIONampL DZVSLCPIvENT

Community Development

1 as of the end of RTG 2511 (September 30 1967) 91 area coverage piojects have been established in 27 changwats USO1M has provided audic-visual equipment and transportaticn to each of these anphurs In addition audio-visual support has been provided to three cf the four regicnal training centers

2 The Community Development Department offers both preshyservice and in-service training to Community Development personnel In FY 67 the following personnel received training

A 331 Village Organizers were recruited and received 6 months pre-service training

B The follcwing received in- service training

(1) 117 CD Wcrkers (2) 150 CD WAY Workers (3) 108 CD Supervisors (4) 60 CD Trainers

3 Village leadership development calls for continued attention to village leader training and develcpment with increased emphasis on the development cf attitudes and abilities of the peonle tc prepare them to accept the responsibility of their own develcpment and to carry a larger share of the burden cf their own security As of the end of FY 2511 (September 30 1967) villagers had received training as follows

A 12 000 (Men) Leadership Training B 3 600 (Women) Leadership Training C 3 540 Occupational Training D 1 200 Recreational Training E 1 400 Tambon Development Committee Training

These villagers represent over 4 000 villages in 68 amphurs of 27 changwats

51

3 Opecial training for the following was provided in FY 67

A Acadermic 6 B Short Term Study Tour 4 C Gbservtion Tours 23 Village leaders

22 Village organizers 11 Women leaders 33 CD Trainers 11 CD Changwat amp Amnphur Officers

4 In FY 67 S 16 million was spent on village self-help and occupational promotional projacts Villagers contributed labor and local materials valued at 60 of RTG contributions A total of 1 651 prcjocts were ccmpleted using Community Development Department grants An additional 519 projects were ccmpleted without CD Department grantE bringing the self-help total to 2 170 Continued emphasis will be placed on village celf-help projects Over $ 17 million has been budgeted fcr the program in FY 68

Civil Service

The services provided under a contract with the State cf California 4(initiated in FY 1966) will complets asnrvev c pr nc ah

in all of the ministriesspecial first second and third gre10 and departments vricr to -June 1968 At that time the results

of the survey will be reviewed with the Prime Minister and Council

of Ministers and subject to their apprcval the institution of a

classification syotcom will caInnuncc

First emphasis will be given to these ministries concerned with

development activities in Northeastern Thailand At the same time a survey of pcsitions in the fcurth grade will be undertaken and tests and techniques for testing will be introduced into the

personnel administration system for the selecticn and placement

of employees It is also expected that the existing Civil Service

Law will be revised and presented for legislative approval some

time during 1968

52

Labor

This project which was initiated in response to a request from the

RTG became active with the arrival of an advisor in Labor Department

Administration early in 1967 and with the addition of an Employment Service Kdviscr in July 1967 These advisors have concentrate-1 on the development or improvement of regulations affecting labor usage labor standards and safety with pFrticular reference to broadening a regulatory capability within the Labor Department and to the expansicn of employment service ctivities into Northeastern Thailand This latter function is intended to classify workers coming from the rural areas into the urban complexes to determine

training requirements and to assist in job placerrent

Management Improvement

This project wzich has been continuously concerned with establishing an crganizaticn and methods servicing capability within the Budget Bureau And to establish the Bureau as the principal management crganization for the government has during the pact year completed

insofar as possible these parts of its activities relating to the

organizaticn and functions of the Highway Department the iAnistry of Agriculture and the training of GampM technicians within the Budget Bureau itself

During the year reccmmendations for major changes in the Ministry of Education also were formalized and initial steps were taken to implement scrre of these recommendations and several detailed studies were undertaken looking for the improvement of the organization established to administer the accelerated rural development program in the Office of the Prime Minister

With the diminution of CampM activities the project has turned its

attention to enhancing budget administration and the auditing function of the gcvernment It is expected that during the remainder of the project through fiscal year 1969 attention will be devoted almost exclusively to these areas

53

Statistical Services

Advisory services are provided to the National Statistics Office for two brcad categories of activity the use of statistical techniques and the standardizaticn of the statistical practices throughout the government and the operation of a data processing center In the past several years major emphasis had been directed toward establishing basic capnhilitios within the RTG to standardize statistical methodology in such areas as crop estimtation measurement of price changes census of population industry and business etc Emphasis was alac placed on strengthening the academic capability

in the universities to ensure the development of specialized technicians and managers

Attention to this area is new diminishing and during the last year the enlargement and capability to use the data processing center has received first pricrity In addition to the existing IBM 1401 an IBM 360 was installed and two advisoro in the specialized

utilization of this equipment were provided through the US Bureau of the Census to train operators and to assist in broadening the utilization of the center by all of the agencies of the RTG In addition an advisor cn samipling and surveying techniques has been added and special efforts are being made to accertain the attitudes

c the population tcward developmental objectives as well as problems attending insurgency Both of these areas are essential

to objective development programmings

Local Governrent Administration

As in past years this project has concentrated on enhancing the

capability of the Ministry of Interior to improve the administration of naticnal programs at the province and rural levels and especially to facilitate the initiation and conduct of developmental work in the rural areas in response to the needs of the people To this end the project has reviewed the organization and functions of the amphurs

and changwats throughout the Kingdom and has provided the Ministry with detailed recommendations calling fcr simplificaticn cf adminisshytrative and financial activities for the improverrment of personnel administration and for the creation of new organization elements intended to deal particularly with the development activities the involvement of villages in lccal gcvernment and the discharge cf self-protection responsibilities at the village level

54

Local Government In-Service Training

Progress in this project is reflected by the degree to which the Training Division of the Department of Local Administration increases the scope and variety of training activities During the past year the Developing Democracy Program which had been carried cut in 61 tambcls in its first year was expanded to 147 tambcls and involved over 4 000 persons In other areas of activity the Divisicn was similarly involved between Cctober 1966 and September 1967 800 Village Security Officars were given Cpecialized training for service in areas of extreme insurgent activity regular and special courses to increase the administrative competence and to reshydirect program activities to development work was given to Nei

Lmphurs members of Sapa Changwats Paladt1mphurs for rural development Palad nmphnrs for security and changwat functional officers lItogether some 3 000 persons received training in these courses during the year In additicn a special course was repeated between August 14 and Ncvember 11 1966 in Naldon Phonomn Province to instruct all gcvernment officers concerning ccuntershyinsurgency activities During the year the third grout of new NaiAnphurs were graduated from the Nhi Lrphur Acdemy

55

CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Potable Water

A A regional field headquarters consisting of engineering design and drafting facilities cffices water laboratcry and warehouse has been constructed in Khcn Kaen which is centrally located in the

Ncrtheast Although the AampE end the Thei design engineers are

officed in Khon Kaen there is at least one field engineer and several

construction technicians in each province The design engineer and

the field engineer exchange pcsitions after a sufficient period of training in order that all engineers obtain experience in both design and construition work

B Standard dasigns have been developed for elevated tanks clear

wells pump hcuses and treatment plants Treatment plants of 1C

cum hr 20 cu m hr 30 carm hr and 50 cnm hr capacity

have been designed The drawings are numbered in such a manner that they can be interchanged and incorporated into designs for communities having a population suitable for the appropriate preshydetermined size

C In developing these designs the Thai and American engineers work together and in this way on-the-job training is given to the inexperienced engineers Training of construction technicians is tazried cut at the ccnstruction sites Formal lectures are given by both Thai an--d American engineers

D Five Thai engineers have been sent to the United States fcur for one years graduate academic training and one for specialist training Eight engineers attended a two-month course at the SELTC Graduate School of Engineering Eighteen have received thirdshycountry observational training in Taiwan

E A curriculum fcr water works operatcr training has been

developed and two plant operators ccurses have been given Onshy

the-jcb training is also carried out

56

- F A system for warehousing storage and distribution of commodities hLas just been completed Almost 2 million dollars (US) worth of commodities have been ordered and about oneshy

fourth of theoe commodities have arrived

G - Potable water systems serving twenty (20) ccmmunities have been completed Systems fcr 35 communities are under

construction and the target date for their completion is 1 Jantuary

1968 Fifty-seven (57) additional communities have been surveyed and bids are ready to be let on mcst of them Construction for these 57 communities is expected to be finiched by 1 July 1968 If this goal is attained the Potable Water Project will be on schedule

Private Sector Development

1 Introduction This project covers the advisory services provided by the staff members of the USOM Private Enterprise Division whose principal activity areas include the prcmeticn of private investrent accnomic instituticn building and economic

development financing Progress to date in each of these reas

is discussed below

2 Promotion of investment

A Investment Guaranty Program - Risk Insurance AID investment risk insurance ccverage for over $92 million has been issued for private American equity and loan capital investment in Thailand Cf this total $12 million is in extended risk coverage

for three different projects (discussed below) $36 million is for

convertibility risks $134 million for expropriation risks $104 million for war and related risks and $20 I milli on for combined expropriation-war risks

B Extended Risk Projects in Thailand

(1) Intercontinental Housing - $5 million fcr construction

of 817 low income twc- and three-bedroom houses First section

of 257 houses expected to be ccmpleted in February 1968 Conshystruction prcceeding at 0 67 hcuses per day Large backlog of buyers indicate contihued good sales outlook

57

(2) Siam Kraft Paper Prcject - $4 million for construction of integrated pulp and paper making plant whose total investment is expected to exceed $29 million Plant is now under constructicn and is expected to commence operations in early 1969

(3) Calabrian (Calthai) Farm Service Center Project - $3 million to construct farm service centers upcountry which will provide

storage facilities and make available to Thai farmers the equipment necessary for plowing planting cultivating harvesting shelling and drying corn This company recently built a modern 65 000 ton capacity grain elevator upcountry and it is now receiving corn shipments for storage drying and grading prior to export Additional

collection centers are planned for cther upccuntry prcvinces

3 Institution Building

A Ministry of Industry One PE advisor has been approved

by the Ministry for full time advisory services He will be located in the industrial and Economic Planning Cffice c a December 20

B Board cf Investment Cne PE advisor is working with BOI half time tc maintain close working relationship during and after Checchi contract close cut Main emphasis is assisting in revision of Promotion of Investment Law Additional PE staff assistance is made available when requested and available

C Coordinated Industry Survey Prcgram This programs principal objective is to develop RTG instituticnal capabilities through on-the-jcb training and advisory assistance in industrial research planning promotion and policy formulaticn Ministry of Industry and BOI participated in the first project which was a survey of the

Plastics Industry (ccmpletad in June 1967) and are actively working on the second project which is a Farm Machinery Survey

As a result of the Plastics Industry Survey the Ministry of Industry with help of BOI and USOM conducted a very successful seminar to bring together all elements of the local private business sector

and various interested government agencies fcr in-depth presentashy

tion and discussion of the survey

58

D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

4

40

E Environmiental Health Program Since FY 66 environmental health programs have been started in 2300 villages in the project area Almost 15 000 villages new have an environshymental health program Since FY 66 900 000 water seal latrines and 1300 school water supplies have been installed

F Health Education In FY 66 two mobile health education units were fielded in the project area- In FY 67 three additional teams were added and in FY 68 six new teams will be formed

G Participant Training Since FY 66 92 officers clcsely associated with rural health training or operations have been trained in the United States and 158 have been trained in third countries

Mobile Medical Teams

1 Within the Calendar Year 1967 the Mobile Medical Team Program (M1MT) expanded to 22 MMTe in the field providing health cervices to remote villages in the Northeast Further teams were fielded at various times in the Northern provinces but their number fluctuated with the availability of physicians There are as of this date nine teams staffed jointly by Departrment of Health and USCM (SAFAsia) technicians five from Siriraj Medical School twc from Chiang Mai Medical School four from Department of Medical Services and six from Department of Health for a total of 26 teams Combined team production included approximately 900 000 villagers treated at a total cost of $300 000 for drugs and medical supplies

2 Preventive medicine activities of the teams oupported by SIAFAsia personnel include 40 wells dug 8 pumps installed 27 pumps repaired 2 school water systems inztalled 3 health center water systems installed and 201 privieu installed during the reporting period Self-help was emphasized thrcughout and 272 well casings were hauled and 698 feet of pipe installed by villagers utilizing their own labor

3 Three well-qualified USCM Medical TechnicianAdvisors were posted in FY 68 to locations in North Ncrtheast and South Thailand An effective liaison between USCM and the 606th Air Commando Squadron (civic action element) was also established early in FY 68

41

4 One particular event cccured this year which may well be very significant to future MMT operations if the trend continues The provinces of Nong Khai Roi Et and Chiang Rai all fielded MMTs with staff provided by the Provincial Health Services and funded by ALD This trend if it continues is mot desirable since MMTs fielded with personnel frcm within the provinces should insure better continuity of personnel

5 Training of paramedical personnel for rural areas continued in this reporting period with the following results 40 students have graduated and are presently undergcing further training in first closs health centers 190 additional students are presently in training and 130 are programmed to start training on 2 January 1968

6 A meeting of the Medical Counterinsurgency Committee was held in October at which a new expanded MMT program for FY 69 was presented by U50M The proposal was approved in principle and later presented to RTG Ministry of Health officials Pending the outccme of a forthcc ming MCPH-ARD meeting it is expected the IMT program in the provinces of Ubol Nong Khai Sakon Nakhon Nakhcn Phanom and Kalasin will be expanded to approximately 60 teams composed of Thai physicians nurses canitarians and ARD paramedics US involvement will be limited tc supply and training functions at bace team sites in amphur health centers

Hopefully by the end of FY 1968 more than 100 mobile medical teams will be active in ARD provinces

Malaria Eradication

With the exception of municipal areas which are ncn-malarious and a few small areas of insecurity the prcject has now reached total national ccverage under various phases of malaria eradicaticn a population of 3 1 million FY 68 and FY 69 represent peak years of activity and funding requirement Gn the basis of an internal assessment just nearing completion a number of districts will be withdrawn from spraying operations due to the lowered incidence of malaria and will be continued under surveillance Other areas

42

because of terrain vector habits and population migratici are presenting difficult operational and technical problems and hardshycare malaria foci These are requiring intensive study and special research efforts and to this end a special tJ5PHS Operational Research Team is now becoming established

In general the prcgram is meeting the targets originally set forth in its plan of operaticns in 1965 and in-particular in the subsequent revisions of September 1966 (E-La) However further increased funding has been required and projected because of increasod cost of DDT and intensified DDT coverage in the difficult malarious areas It is hoped that trasent researchactivities will lead to other more effective and eccnomical methods to be used in the problem areas It is now anticipated that some additional funding will also be necessary into FY 1973

An assessment cf the program by a team from the U5 Public Health Service in March 1967 in addition to stressing the need for intensified investigation of specific technical problems pointed up several administrative and operational deficiencies requiring attention As a result particular efforts have been made to improve supervision at every echelon

Forty-three Peace Corps Volunteers are now working effectively with the program as assistants to Zone Chiefs or in entcmc1cgy

Resultz of surveillance activities indicate adequate progress from the general technical point of view and are as follows

1965 1966 1967

Attack Phase (Late)

Population 1185807Z 14667885 17696279

Annual Parasite Incidence per 1000 Population 59 38 24

Consolidation Phase

Population 3922353 4725797 5002728

Annual Parasite Incidence per 1000 Population 25 13 078

Projected to end of CY 1967 (Arpreximately 94 million population are under early Attack Phase measures)

43

During the last operational year 9 315 persons received training This included participants in-country pre-service training inshyservice training and special training

Chiengmai Medical

1 The construction work on the hospital was substantially completed on the scheduled date of September 19 1967 Since that time the contractor has been correcting the various small items that were listed in deficiencies by the AampE and Inspection Committee

2 The Cabinet of Thailand vcted to continue immediately with the construction of the fcur-story addition to the hospital building It was further decided that the contract for the addition would be linked with the original contract and the same contractor be awarded the jcb This will eliminate mobilization cost and other starting expenses In addition the present contractors men possess the knowledge of the present utility installations that have to be connected to in accordance with the specifications of the supplemental contract

3 The Budget Bureau of the RTG has approved 15 million baht the for the construction of the addition and the Prime Ministers Office has requested USOM to approve $ 16 million from counterpart funds thereby making a total of $ 31 million the amount required to construct the additional four floore In March 1967 USOM agreed to finance the AE costs during the construction period of the addition which will run approximately $30 000 This will be the only AID funds spent on this job AIDW has been csked to approve a waiver of the Manual Order requirements in order that the Mission may engage the Norman P Anderson firm the AE for the project

4 As many sections as possible of the new building will be put into use during the construction period as the need for new classrooms library auditorium lecture rooms out-patient areas etc is urgent During the interim the contractor is keeping his various construction forces intact waiting for the

44

amended contract which will be signed as coon as the Mission receives AIDW concurrence The work on the addition is scheduled to be completed in 18 months This project will give the northern area of the country the medical center the RTG and USOM have been working to acquire since 1951

Rural Hospital Survey

1 Backgrcund This contract is designed tc survey the condition and establish priorities for improvement for the 3500 beds in 26 hospitals presently available to the rural and urban population of the ARD provinces

Since these hospitals are in most cases the final referral location for the entire population of these provinces their needs must be determined and acted up-on by the RTG in order to carry cut a comprehensive medical care program both traditional and quick impact

In order to establish a systematic framework within which a hcspital improvement program can operate the contractor would perform the following steps -essential in such a prcgram

A Examination and recording of existing facilities and an analysis of existing conditions and deficiencies for each hospital and for the total regional hospital complex

B Compilation of a priorities checklist for hospital facilities in Thailand

C Preparation of hospital master plans fcr each facility

2 Progress to Date An American architectural firm with offices in Bangkok has submitted an unsclicited proposal to USOCM and has held preliminary discussions with the MCPH To date no funds are available for this project

45

School of Public Health

1 Purpee This project will assist the RTG in developing the School of Public Health of the University of Medical Sciences under contractual arrangements with the Univer sity of North Carolina Schcl of Public Health by (1) overcoming the present imbalance andinadequacies of faculty and curriculum and (2) inctituting and developing a field practice and demcnstration area in Northeast Thailand

2 Introduction USOMThailand -s part of its program of assisting the RTG in the development of health services for rural areas reccgnizes that the Schcol of Public Health of the University of Medical Sciences is a key institution in this effort Some 400 students mostly from provincial areas and essentially all with prior work and responsibility in the RTG Health Services are currently receiving professicnal training in such fields as health administration public health nursing nutriticn health education and environmental sanitation The School of Public Health should be and could be one cf the principle training institutions for the development of the methodlogy and skilled ma2naflpcwor needed to create effective country-wide rural health services Presently many Thai health worker9 are going to the US for graduate training in the health fields because training at home in many fields is far below standard Cften this trainin3 is not appropriate to the health conditions and needs of Thailand It is in the interest of both Thailand and the United States that the RTG School of Public Health be strengthened to the level where it can furnish in-country trained leadership in the various health fields particularly as they arply to rural health in Thailand

3 Fundamental RTG Health Development Problems to be Cverccme by this Project

Confusion duplication and contradictions in the training and utilizEtion of health workers

B Cver-emphasis on National Health Offices and probably on categorical national health programs in general

46

C Over-precccupation with and over-emphasis of the role of the physician in health programs

D Cver-education and re-educaticn of an elite corps

E Under-utilization of existing facilities

F Lack of an effective system of echeloned supervision

G The schism between curative and preventive services

H Under-budgetihg of health units in rural areas

4 Timetable of Operations In line with USAID concern to bring rapid and demonstrable health services to politically sensitive areas it wculd require this project to produce tangible

results within 2-3 years A maximunm 5-year life of the project is necessary to provide the benefits of long-term academicshyinternational collaboration vital to both the U SA and Thailand

In order to accomplish the above it is in the best interests of the Mission to negotiate this contract during this fiscal year A Chief of Party (physician) and Junior Public Health physician could arrive here some time in January or February The Chief of Party would start the project implerrenftticn at the Bangkok level while the Public Health physician would make a start at developing a comprehensive field training area oriented to the Northeast problerrs probably in Korat Province

1

5 Progres to Date

For the past two years much interest has been generated by the Schocl of Public Health the University of North Carcline the Prime IVIinisters Cffice and the Mission relative to a contract funded by U1GM for collaboration between the School of Public Health and the University of North Carclina

Recently a team from North Carolina visited Thailand and met with RTG and USOM officials In the near future a delegation of RTG officials including General Netr and Dr Jajaval Ccathanondh

47

Rector University of Medical Sciences Office cf the Prime Minister will visit the campus at Chapel Hill in North Carolina to hold further discussions To date no funds are available

for this project

Protein Food Development

1 Background It is a well-established fact that malnutrition

is common in remote rural areas of Thailand basically in the form

of vitamin and protein deficiencies

In simrple terms a way must be found to develcp an acceptable and

inexpensive high protein food to supplement the basic rice diet of

the rural population The development and consequent acceptance

of such a food product will have a marked counterinsurgency effect

on the most vulnerable target group

The solution cf the problem involves

A An evaluatic of nutritional ampeficiehciesand cccrdination

of program development

B The establishment of adequate research and develcpment

facilities in food technology in Thailand

C The development of a family of inexpensive high protein

foods to correct protein malnutrition particularly in pre-school

children

D Field testing of prototype food supplements in villages

for acceptability and nutritional value

E -Obtaining the interest of private industry in production and

marketing of acceptable food products on a commercial basis

2 Proposed USOM Program FY 68

- A Provide a direct hire nutrition advicor

B Approve the Shaefer-MayUniversity of Maryland

research proposal

48

C Establish a field testing area suitable for testing several different Prototype food supplements including commercially developed products

3 Progress to Date

It is expected that a team from AIDW7 will visit this Mission some time in December 1967 to finalize plans for this project

Population Planning

1 Background Thailands population growth rate of 3 31a per year is one cf the highest in the wcrld and a matter of growing concern to the Rcyal Thai Government For the past few years the Ministry cf Public Health in cooperaticn with the Population Council Thai Medical Schools USOM and other private agencies has been conducting operational research in family planning methods at various locations thrcughout Thailand

The Ministry of Public Health well aware of the populaticn grcwth rate and its implications has decided that the time has come to broaden the base of these various research projects into an expanding three-year program of family planning service using the existing facilities and personnel of the Department of Public Health and the Department of Medical Services This project in the absence of an expressed naticnal policy will be carried 6 ut within the Ministry as an extension of maternal and child health services

This project will be coordinated by a committee at the ministerial level with Dr Sombun Phong-Akera Under-Eecretary as the project director and chairman of the ccrnmittee Four subshycommittees have been formed tc carry on the project activities They are (1) Services within the Depaitment of Health (2) Evaluation within the Office of the Under-Secretary of State for Public Health (3) Training within the Department of Health And (4) Research within the Department of Medical Services

2 Progress tc Date Previous efforts of the Ministry cf Public Health and ccoperating agencies in family planning have met with marked success Clinics were established for the insertion of intra-uterine devices (I U D0 ) and evaluations made of their acceptance Other contraceptive methods have been studied and tested which include the Pill and hormone injections To date the Pill as well as the I UD has had wide acceptance amcngst

49

Thai wcmen

In FY 67 USCM provided medical equipment for 40 family planning clinics and assisted in the training of 15 doctors There are now 31 hospitals in 28 provinces which have recently completed a total of 10 611 IUD insertions These combined with insertions accomplished in earlier established clinics will total 75 000 women It is estimated that in excess of 100 000 women are taking the Pill on a regular basis

3 The FY 68 Ministry of Public Health Program Gperationshyally the area of coverage will extend to 16 provinces They are Korat Buriram Sisaket Surin Wool Udorn Nong Khai Loey Chamrphon Aycthya Chaiyaphum Pattani Nakhon Sri Thammarat Yale Narathiwat and Pattalung

The population of this area is approximately 6 5 million of which is estimated that 12 or 780 000 females are within the fertile age group of 20-44 years of age By July 1968 it is expected an additional 50 000 femralec not now covered by existing programs will have accepted a contraceptive means on a regular basis

Ten in-service training courses are programmed for this fiscal year commencing in January 1968 One hundred dcctcro will be trained in three courses and 120 nursee and 700 ddwives will be trained in seven courses

Ninety-four clinics for I UD insertions will be established in hospitals and health centers in the 16 province areas during the fiscal year Services for advice and provision of the Pill will extend to all health and midwifery centers at the tambol and village level

Regular budget appropriation will be used for the salaries of personnel involved in this program A counterpart budget cf 450 000 beht will need to be negotiated with the Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation

4 The FY 69 and FY 70 Ministry of Public Health Program The prcgram calls for the rapid broadening of the services base to an additional 15 provinces covering 120 000 women in FY 69 and 15 additional provinces in FY 70 covering 250 000 women

r

50

INSTITUTIONampL DZVSLCPIvENT

Community Development

1 as of the end of RTG 2511 (September 30 1967) 91 area coverage piojects have been established in 27 changwats USO1M has provided audic-visual equipment and transportaticn to each of these anphurs In addition audio-visual support has been provided to three cf the four regicnal training centers

2 The Community Development Department offers both preshyservice and in-service training to Community Development personnel In FY 67 the following personnel received training

A 331 Village Organizers were recruited and received 6 months pre-service training

B The follcwing received in- service training

(1) 117 CD Wcrkers (2) 150 CD WAY Workers (3) 108 CD Supervisors (4) 60 CD Trainers

3 Village leadership development calls for continued attention to village leader training and develcpment with increased emphasis on the development cf attitudes and abilities of the peonle tc prepare them to accept the responsibility of their own develcpment and to carry a larger share of the burden cf their own security As of the end of FY 2511 (September 30 1967) villagers had received training as follows

A 12 000 (Men) Leadership Training B 3 600 (Women) Leadership Training C 3 540 Occupational Training D 1 200 Recreational Training E 1 400 Tambon Development Committee Training

These villagers represent over 4 000 villages in 68 amphurs of 27 changwats

51

3 Opecial training for the following was provided in FY 67

A Acadermic 6 B Short Term Study Tour 4 C Gbservtion Tours 23 Village leaders

22 Village organizers 11 Women leaders 33 CD Trainers 11 CD Changwat amp Amnphur Officers

4 In FY 67 S 16 million was spent on village self-help and occupational promotional projacts Villagers contributed labor and local materials valued at 60 of RTG contributions A total of 1 651 prcjocts were ccmpleted using Community Development Department grants An additional 519 projects were ccmpleted without CD Department grantE bringing the self-help total to 2 170 Continued emphasis will be placed on village celf-help projects Over $ 17 million has been budgeted fcr the program in FY 68

Civil Service

The services provided under a contract with the State cf California 4(initiated in FY 1966) will complets asnrvev c pr nc ah

in all of the ministriesspecial first second and third gre10 and departments vricr to -June 1968 At that time the results

of the survey will be reviewed with the Prime Minister and Council

of Ministers and subject to their apprcval the institution of a

classification syotcom will caInnuncc

First emphasis will be given to these ministries concerned with

development activities in Northeastern Thailand At the same time a survey of pcsitions in the fcurth grade will be undertaken and tests and techniques for testing will be introduced into the

personnel administration system for the selecticn and placement

of employees It is also expected that the existing Civil Service

Law will be revised and presented for legislative approval some

time during 1968

52

Labor

This project which was initiated in response to a request from the

RTG became active with the arrival of an advisor in Labor Department

Administration early in 1967 and with the addition of an Employment Service Kdviscr in July 1967 These advisors have concentrate-1 on the development or improvement of regulations affecting labor usage labor standards and safety with pFrticular reference to broadening a regulatory capability within the Labor Department and to the expansicn of employment service ctivities into Northeastern Thailand This latter function is intended to classify workers coming from the rural areas into the urban complexes to determine

training requirements and to assist in job placerrent

Management Improvement

This project wzich has been continuously concerned with establishing an crganizaticn and methods servicing capability within the Budget Bureau And to establish the Bureau as the principal management crganization for the government has during the pact year completed

insofar as possible these parts of its activities relating to the

organizaticn and functions of the Highway Department the iAnistry of Agriculture and the training of GampM technicians within the Budget Bureau itself

During the year reccmmendations for major changes in the Ministry of Education also were formalized and initial steps were taken to implement scrre of these recommendations and several detailed studies were undertaken looking for the improvement of the organization established to administer the accelerated rural development program in the Office of the Prime Minister

With the diminution of CampM activities the project has turned its

attention to enhancing budget administration and the auditing function of the gcvernment It is expected that during the remainder of the project through fiscal year 1969 attention will be devoted almost exclusively to these areas

53

Statistical Services

Advisory services are provided to the National Statistics Office for two brcad categories of activity the use of statistical techniques and the standardizaticn of the statistical practices throughout the government and the operation of a data processing center In the past several years major emphasis had been directed toward establishing basic capnhilitios within the RTG to standardize statistical methodology in such areas as crop estimtation measurement of price changes census of population industry and business etc Emphasis was alac placed on strengthening the academic capability

in the universities to ensure the development of specialized technicians and managers

Attention to this area is new diminishing and during the last year the enlargement and capability to use the data processing center has received first pricrity In addition to the existing IBM 1401 an IBM 360 was installed and two advisoro in the specialized

utilization of this equipment were provided through the US Bureau of the Census to train operators and to assist in broadening the utilization of the center by all of the agencies of the RTG In addition an advisor cn samipling and surveying techniques has been added and special efforts are being made to accertain the attitudes

c the population tcward developmental objectives as well as problems attending insurgency Both of these areas are essential

to objective development programmings

Local Governrent Administration

As in past years this project has concentrated on enhancing the

capability of the Ministry of Interior to improve the administration of naticnal programs at the province and rural levels and especially to facilitate the initiation and conduct of developmental work in the rural areas in response to the needs of the people To this end the project has reviewed the organization and functions of the amphurs

and changwats throughout the Kingdom and has provided the Ministry with detailed recommendations calling fcr simplificaticn cf adminisshytrative and financial activities for the improverrment of personnel administration and for the creation of new organization elements intended to deal particularly with the development activities the involvement of villages in lccal gcvernment and the discharge cf self-protection responsibilities at the village level

54

Local Government In-Service Training

Progress in this project is reflected by the degree to which the Training Division of the Department of Local Administration increases the scope and variety of training activities During the past year the Developing Democracy Program which had been carried cut in 61 tambcls in its first year was expanded to 147 tambcls and involved over 4 000 persons In other areas of activity the Divisicn was similarly involved between Cctober 1966 and September 1967 800 Village Security Officars were given Cpecialized training for service in areas of extreme insurgent activity regular and special courses to increase the administrative competence and to reshydirect program activities to development work was given to Nei

Lmphurs members of Sapa Changwats Paladt1mphurs for rural development Palad nmphnrs for security and changwat functional officers lItogether some 3 000 persons received training in these courses during the year In additicn a special course was repeated between August 14 and Ncvember 11 1966 in Naldon Phonomn Province to instruct all gcvernment officers concerning ccuntershyinsurgency activities During the year the third grout of new NaiAnphurs were graduated from the Nhi Lrphur Acdemy

55

CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Potable Water

A A regional field headquarters consisting of engineering design and drafting facilities cffices water laboratcry and warehouse has been constructed in Khcn Kaen which is centrally located in the

Ncrtheast Although the AampE end the Thei design engineers are

officed in Khon Kaen there is at least one field engineer and several

construction technicians in each province The design engineer and

the field engineer exchange pcsitions after a sufficient period of training in order that all engineers obtain experience in both design and construition work

B Standard dasigns have been developed for elevated tanks clear

wells pump hcuses and treatment plants Treatment plants of 1C

cum hr 20 cu m hr 30 carm hr and 50 cnm hr capacity

have been designed The drawings are numbered in such a manner that they can be interchanged and incorporated into designs for communities having a population suitable for the appropriate preshydetermined size

C In developing these designs the Thai and American engineers work together and in this way on-the-job training is given to the inexperienced engineers Training of construction technicians is tazried cut at the ccnstruction sites Formal lectures are given by both Thai an--d American engineers

D Five Thai engineers have been sent to the United States fcur for one years graduate academic training and one for specialist training Eight engineers attended a two-month course at the SELTC Graduate School of Engineering Eighteen have received thirdshycountry observational training in Taiwan

E A curriculum fcr water works operatcr training has been

developed and two plant operators ccurses have been given Onshy

the-jcb training is also carried out

56

- F A system for warehousing storage and distribution of commodities hLas just been completed Almost 2 million dollars (US) worth of commodities have been ordered and about oneshy

fourth of theoe commodities have arrived

G - Potable water systems serving twenty (20) ccmmunities have been completed Systems fcr 35 communities are under

construction and the target date for their completion is 1 Jantuary

1968 Fifty-seven (57) additional communities have been surveyed and bids are ready to be let on mcst of them Construction for these 57 communities is expected to be finiched by 1 July 1968 If this goal is attained the Potable Water Project will be on schedule

Private Sector Development

1 Introduction This project covers the advisory services provided by the staff members of the USOM Private Enterprise Division whose principal activity areas include the prcmeticn of private investrent accnomic instituticn building and economic

development financing Progress to date in each of these reas

is discussed below

2 Promotion of investment

A Investment Guaranty Program - Risk Insurance AID investment risk insurance ccverage for over $92 million has been issued for private American equity and loan capital investment in Thailand Cf this total $12 million is in extended risk coverage

for three different projects (discussed below) $36 million is for

convertibility risks $134 million for expropriation risks $104 million for war and related risks and $20 I milli on for combined expropriation-war risks

B Extended Risk Projects in Thailand

(1) Intercontinental Housing - $5 million fcr construction

of 817 low income twc- and three-bedroom houses First section

of 257 houses expected to be ccmpleted in February 1968 Conshystruction prcceeding at 0 67 hcuses per day Large backlog of buyers indicate contihued good sales outlook

57

(2) Siam Kraft Paper Prcject - $4 million for construction of integrated pulp and paper making plant whose total investment is expected to exceed $29 million Plant is now under constructicn and is expected to commence operations in early 1969

(3) Calabrian (Calthai) Farm Service Center Project - $3 million to construct farm service centers upcountry which will provide

storage facilities and make available to Thai farmers the equipment necessary for plowing planting cultivating harvesting shelling and drying corn This company recently built a modern 65 000 ton capacity grain elevator upcountry and it is now receiving corn shipments for storage drying and grading prior to export Additional

collection centers are planned for cther upccuntry prcvinces

3 Institution Building

A Ministry of Industry One PE advisor has been approved

by the Ministry for full time advisory services He will be located in the industrial and Economic Planning Cffice c a December 20

B Board cf Investment Cne PE advisor is working with BOI half time tc maintain close working relationship during and after Checchi contract close cut Main emphasis is assisting in revision of Promotion of Investment Law Additional PE staff assistance is made available when requested and available

C Coordinated Industry Survey Prcgram This programs principal objective is to develop RTG instituticnal capabilities through on-the-jcb training and advisory assistance in industrial research planning promotion and policy formulaticn Ministry of Industry and BOI participated in the first project which was a survey of the

Plastics Industry (ccmpletad in June 1967) and are actively working on the second project which is a Farm Machinery Survey

As a result of the Plastics Industry Survey the Ministry of Industry with help of BOI and USOM conducted a very successful seminar to bring together all elements of the local private business sector

and various interested government agencies fcr in-depth presentashy

tion and discussion of the survey

58

D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

41

4 One particular event cccured this year which may well be very significant to future MMT operations if the trend continues The provinces of Nong Khai Roi Et and Chiang Rai all fielded MMTs with staff provided by the Provincial Health Services and funded by ALD This trend if it continues is mot desirable since MMTs fielded with personnel frcm within the provinces should insure better continuity of personnel

5 Training of paramedical personnel for rural areas continued in this reporting period with the following results 40 students have graduated and are presently undergcing further training in first closs health centers 190 additional students are presently in training and 130 are programmed to start training on 2 January 1968

6 A meeting of the Medical Counterinsurgency Committee was held in October at which a new expanded MMT program for FY 69 was presented by U50M The proposal was approved in principle and later presented to RTG Ministry of Health officials Pending the outccme of a forthcc ming MCPH-ARD meeting it is expected the IMT program in the provinces of Ubol Nong Khai Sakon Nakhon Nakhcn Phanom and Kalasin will be expanded to approximately 60 teams composed of Thai physicians nurses canitarians and ARD paramedics US involvement will be limited tc supply and training functions at bace team sites in amphur health centers

Hopefully by the end of FY 1968 more than 100 mobile medical teams will be active in ARD provinces

Malaria Eradication

With the exception of municipal areas which are ncn-malarious and a few small areas of insecurity the prcject has now reached total national ccverage under various phases of malaria eradicaticn a population of 3 1 million FY 68 and FY 69 represent peak years of activity and funding requirement Gn the basis of an internal assessment just nearing completion a number of districts will be withdrawn from spraying operations due to the lowered incidence of malaria and will be continued under surveillance Other areas

42

because of terrain vector habits and population migratici are presenting difficult operational and technical problems and hardshycare malaria foci These are requiring intensive study and special research efforts and to this end a special tJ5PHS Operational Research Team is now becoming established

In general the prcgram is meeting the targets originally set forth in its plan of operaticns in 1965 and in-particular in the subsequent revisions of September 1966 (E-La) However further increased funding has been required and projected because of increasod cost of DDT and intensified DDT coverage in the difficult malarious areas It is hoped that trasent researchactivities will lead to other more effective and eccnomical methods to be used in the problem areas It is now anticipated that some additional funding will also be necessary into FY 1973

An assessment cf the program by a team from the U5 Public Health Service in March 1967 in addition to stressing the need for intensified investigation of specific technical problems pointed up several administrative and operational deficiencies requiring attention As a result particular efforts have been made to improve supervision at every echelon

Forty-three Peace Corps Volunteers are now working effectively with the program as assistants to Zone Chiefs or in entcmc1cgy

Resultz of surveillance activities indicate adequate progress from the general technical point of view and are as follows

1965 1966 1967

Attack Phase (Late)

Population 1185807Z 14667885 17696279

Annual Parasite Incidence per 1000 Population 59 38 24

Consolidation Phase

Population 3922353 4725797 5002728

Annual Parasite Incidence per 1000 Population 25 13 078

Projected to end of CY 1967 (Arpreximately 94 million population are under early Attack Phase measures)

43

During the last operational year 9 315 persons received training This included participants in-country pre-service training inshyservice training and special training

Chiengmai Medical

1 The construction work on the hospital was substantially completed on the scheduled date of September 19 1967 Since that time the contractor has been correcting the various small items that were listed in deficiencies by the AampE and Inspection Committee

2 The Cabinet of Thailand vcted to continue immediately with the construction of the fcur-story addition to the hospital building It was further decided that the contract for the addition would be linked with the original contract and the same contractor be awarded the jcb This will eliminate mobilization cost and other starting expenses In addition the present contractors men possess the knowledge of the present utility installations that have to be connected to in accordance with the specifications of the supplemental contract

3 The Budget Bureau of the RTG has approved 15 million baht the for the construction of the addition and the Prime Ministers Office has requested USOM to approve $ 16 million from counterpart funds thereby making a total of $ 31 million the amount required to construct the additional four floore In March 1967 USOM agreed to finance the AE costs during the construction period of the addition which will run approximately $30 000 This will be the only AID funds spent on this job AIDW has been csked to approve a waiver of the Manual Order requirements in order that the Mission may engage the Norman P Anderson firm the AE for the project

4 As many sections as possible of the new building will be put into use during the construction period as the need for new classrooms library auditorium lecture rooms out-patient areas etc is urgent During the interim the contractor is keeping his various construction forces intact waiting for the

44

amended contract which will be signed as coon as the Mission receives AIDW concurrence The work on the addition is scheduled to be completed in 18 months This project will give the northern area of the country the medical center the RTG and USOM have been working to acquire since 1951

Rural Hospital Survey

1 Backgrcund This contract is designed tc survey the condition and establish priorities for improvement for the 3500 beds in 26 hospitals presently available to the rural and urban population of the ARD provinces

Since these hospitals are in most cases the final referral location for the entire population of these provinces their needs must be determined and acted up-on by the RTG in order to carry cut a comprehensive medical care program both traditional and quick impact

In order to establish a systematic framework within which a hcspital improvement program can operate the contractor would perform the following steps -essential in such a prcgram

A Examination and recording of existing facilities and an analysis of existing conditions and deficiencies for each hospital and for the total regional hospital complex

B Compilation of a priorities checklist for hospital facilities in Thailand

C Preparation of hospital master plans fcr each facility

2 Progress to Date An American architectural firm with offices in Bangkok has submitted an unsclicited proposal to USOCM and has held preliminary discussions with the MCPH To date no funds are available for this project

45

School of Public Health

1 Purpee This project will assist the RTG in developing the School of Public Health of the University of Medical Sciences under contractual arrangements with the Univer sity of North Carolina Schcl of Public Health by (1) overcoming the present imbalance andinadequacies of faculty and curriculum and (2) inctituting and developing a field practice and demcnstration area in Northeast Thailand

2 Introduction USOMThailand -s part of its program of assisting the RTG in the development of health services for rural areas reccgnizes that the Schcol of Public Health of the University of Medical Sciences is a key institution in this effort Some 400 students mostly from provincial areas and essentially all with prior work and responsibility in the RTG Health Services are currently receiving professicnal training in such fields as health administration public health nursing nutriticn health education and environmental sanitation The School of Public Health should be and could be one cf the principle training institutions for the development of the methodlogy and skilled ma2naflpcwor needed to create effective country-wide rural health services Presently many Thai health worker9 are going to the US for graduate training in the health fields because training at home in many fields is far below standard Cften this trainin3 is not appropriate to the health conditions and needs of Thailand It is in the interest of both Thailand and the United States that the RTG School of Public Health be strengthened to the level where it can furnish in-country trained leadership in the various health fields particularly as they arply to rural health in Thailand

3 Fundamental RTG Health Development Problems to be Cverccme by this Project

Confusion duplication and contradictions in the training and utilizEtion of health workers

B Cver-emphasis on National Health Offices and probably on categorical national health programs in general

46

C Over-precccupation with and over-emphasis of the role of the physician in health programs

D Cver-education and re-educaticn of an elite corps

E Under-utilization of existing facilities

F Lack of an effective system of echeloned supervision

G The schism between curative and preventive services

H Under-budgetihg of health units in rural areas

4 Timetable of Operations In line with USAID concern to bring rapid and demonstrable health services to politically sensitive areas it wculd require this project to produce tangible

results within 2-3 years A maximunm 5-year life of the project is necessary to provide the benefits of long-term academicshyinternational collaboration vital to both the U SA and Thailand

In order to accomplish the above it is in the best interests of the Mission to negotiate this contract during this fiscal year A Chief of Party (physician) and Junior Public Health physician could arrive here some time in January or February The Chief of Party would start the project implerrenftticn at the Bangkok level while the Public Health physician would make a start at developing a comprehensive field training area oriented to the Northeast problerrs probably in Korat Province

1

5 Progres to Date

For the past two years much interest has been generated by the Schocl of Public Health the University of North Carcline the Prime IVIinisters Cffice and the Mission relative to a contract funded by U1GM for collaboration between the School of Public Health and the University of North Carclina

Recently a team from North Carolina visited Thailand and met with RTG and USOM officials In the near future a delegation of RTG officials including General Netr and Dr Jajaval Ccathanondh

47

Rector University of Medical Sciences Office cf the Prime Minister will visit the campus at Chapel Hill in North Carolina to hold further discussions To date no funds are available

for this project

Protein Food Development

1 Background It is a well-established fact that malnutrition

is common in remote rural areas of Thailand basically in the form

of vitamin and protein deficiencies

In simrple terms a way must be found to develcp an acceptable and

inexpensive high protein food to supplement the basic rice diet of

the rural population The development and consequent acceptance

of such a food product will have a marked counterinsurgency effect

on the most vulnerable target group

The solution cf the problem involves

A An evaluatic of nutritional ampeficiehciesand cccrdination

of program development

B The establishment of adequate research and develcpment

facilities in food technology in Thailand

C The development of a family of inexpensive high protein

foods to correct protein malnutrition particularly in pre-school

children

D Field testing of prototype food supplements in villages

for acceptability and nutritional value

E -Obtaining the interest of private industry in production and

marketing of acceptable food products on a commercial basis

2 Proposed USOM Program FY 68

- A Provide a direct hire nutrition advicor

B Approve the Shaefer-MayUniversity of Maryland

research proposal

48

C Establish a field testing area suitable for testing several different Prototype food supplements including commercially developed products

3 Progress to Date

It is expected that a team from AIDW7 will visit this Mission some time in December 1967 to finalize plans for this project

Population Planning

1 Background Thailands population growth rate of 3 31a per year is one cf the highest in the wcrld and a matter of growing concern to the Rcyal Thai Government For the past few years the Ministry cf Public Health in cooperaticn with the Population Council Thai Medical Schools USOM and other private agencies has been conducting operational research in family planning methods at various locations thrcughout Thailand

The Ministry of Public Health well aware of the populaticn grcwth rate and its implications has decided that the time has come to broaden the base of these various research projects into an expanding three-year program of family planning service using the existing facilities and personnel of the Department of Public Health and the Department of Medical Services This project in the absence of an expressed naticnal policy will be carried 6 ut within the Ministry as an extension of maternal and child health services

This project will be coordinated by a committee at the ministerial level with Dr Sombun Phong-Akera Under-Eecretary as the project director and chairman of the ccrnmittee Four subshycommittees have been formed tc carry on the project activities They are (1) Services within the Depaitment of Health (2) Evaluation within the Office of the Under-Secretary of State for Public Health (3) Training within the Department of Health And (4) Research within the Department of Medical Services

2 Progress tc Date Previous efforts of the Ministry cf Public Health and ccoperating agencies in family planning have met with marked success Clinics were established for the insertion of intra-uterine devices (I U D0 ) and evaluations made of their acceptance Other contraceptive methods have been studied and tested which include the Pill and hormone injections To date the Pill as well as the I UD has had wide acceptance amcngst

49

Thai wcmen

In FY 67 USCM provided medical equipment for 40 family planning clinics and assisted in the training of 15 doctors There are now 31 hospitals in 28 provinces which have recently completed a total of 10 611 IUD insertions These combined with insertions accomplished in earlier established clinics will total 75 000 women It is estimated that in excess of 100 000 women are taking the Pill on a regular basis

3 The FY 68 Ministry of Public Health Program Gperationshyally the area of coverage will extend to 16 provinces They are Korat Buriram Sisaket Surin Wool Udorn Nong Khai Loey Chamrphon Aycthya Chaiyaphum Pattani Nakhon Sri Thammarat Yale Narathiwat and Pattalung

The population of this area is approximately 6 5 million of which is estimated that 12 or 780 000 females are within the fertile age group of 20-44 years of age By July 1968 it is expected an additional 50 000 femralec not now covered by existing programs will have accepted a contraceptive means on a regular basis

Ten in-service training courses are programmed for this fiscal year commencing in January 1968 One hundred dcctcro will be trained in three courses and 120 nursee and 700 ddwives will be trained in seven courses

Ninety-four clinics for I UD insertions will be established in hospitals and health centers in the 16 province areas during the fiscal year Services for advice and provision of the Pill will extend to all health and midwifery centers at the tambol and village level

Regular budget appropriation will be used for the salaries of personnel involved in this program A counterpart budget cf 450 000 beht will need to be negotiated with the Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation

4 The FY 69 and FY 70 Ministry of Public Health Program The prcgram calls for the rapid broadening of the services base to an additional 15 provinces covering 120 000 women in FY 69 and 15 additional provinces in FY 70 covering 250 000 women

r

50

INSTITUTIONampL DZVSLCPIvENT

Community Development

1 as of the end of RTG 2511 (September 30 1967) 91 area coverage piojects have been established in 27 changwats USO1M has provided audic-visual equipment and transportaticn to each of these anphurs In addition audio-visual support has been provided to three cf the four regicnal training centers

2 The Community Development Department offers both preshyservice and in-service training to Community Development personnel In FY 67 the following personnel received training

A 331 Village Organizers were recruited and received 6 months pre-service training

B The follcwing received in- service training

(1) 117 CD Wcrkers (2) 150 CD WAY Workers (3) 108 CD Supervisors (4) 60 CD Trainers

3 Village leadership development calls for continued attention to village leader training and develcpment with increased emphasis on the development cf attitudes and abilities of the peonle tc prepare them to accept the responsibility of their own develcpment and to carry a larger share of the burden cf their own security As of the end of FY 2511 (September 30 1967) villagers had received training as follows

A 12 000 (Men) Leadership Training B 3 600 (Women) Leadership Training C 3 540 Occupational Training D 1 200 Recreational Training E 1 400 Tambon Development Committee Training

These villagers represent over 4 000 villages in 68 amphurs of 27 changwats

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3 Opecial training for the following was provided in FY 67

A Acadermic 6 B Short Term Study Tour 4 C Gbservtion Tours 23 Village leaders

22 Village organizers 11 Women leaders 33 CD Trainers 11 CD Changwat amp Amnphur Officers

4 In FY 67 S 16 million was spent on village self-help and occupational promotional projacts Villagers contributed labor and local materials valued at 60 of RTG contributions A total of 1 651 prcjocts were ccmpleted using Community Development Department grants An additional 519 projects were ccmpleted without CD Department grantE bringing the self-help total to 2 170 Continued emphasis will be placed on village celf-help projects Over $ 17 million has been budgeted fcr the program in FY 68

Civil Service

The services provided under a contract with the State cf California 4(initiated in FY 1966) will complets asnrvev c pr nc ah

in all of the ministriesspecial first second and third gre10 and departments vricr to -June 1968 At that time the results

of the survey will be reviewed with the Prime Minister and Council

of Ministers and subject to their apprcval the institution of a

classification syotcom will caInnuncc

First emphasis will be given to these ministries concerned with

development activities in Northeastern Thailand At the same time a survey of pcsitions in the fcurth grade will be undertaken and tests and techniques for testing will be introduced into the

personnel administration system for the selecticn and placement

of employees It is also expected that the existing Civil Service

Law will be revised and presented for legislative approval some

time during 1968

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Labor

This project which was initiated in response to a request from the

RTG became active with the arrival of an advisor in Labor Department

Administration early in 1967 and with the addition of an Employment Service Kdviscr in July 1967 These advisors have concentrate-1 on the development or improvement of regulations affecting labor usage labor standards and safety with pFrticular reference to broadening a regulatory capability within the Labor Department and to the expansicn of employment service ctivities into Northeastern Thailand This latter function is intended to classify workers coming from the rural areas into the urban complexes to determine

training requirements and to assist in job placerrent

Management Improvement

This project wzich has been continuously concerned with establishing an crganizaticn and methods servicing capability within the Budget Bureau And to establish the Bureau as the principal management crganization for the government has during the pact year completed

insofar as possible these parts of its activities relating to the

organizaticn and functions of the Highway Department the iAnistry of Agriculture and the training of GampM technicians within the Budget Bureau itself

During the year reccmmendations for major changes in the Ministry of Education also were formalized and initial steps were taken to implement scrre of these recommendations and several detailed studies were undertaken looking for the improvement of the organization established to administer the accelerated rural development program in the Office of the Prime Minister

With the diminution of CampM activities the project has turned its

attention to enhancing budget administration and the auditing function of the gcvernment It is expected that during the remainder of the project through fiscal year 1969 attention will be devoted almost exclusively to these areas

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Statistical Services

Advisory services are provided to the National Statistics Office for two brcad categories of activity the use of statistical techniques and the standardizaticn of the statistical practices throughout the government and the operation of a data processing center In the past several years major emphasis had been directed toward establishing basic capnhilitios within the RTG to standardize statistical methodology in such areas as crop estimtation measurement of price changes census of population industry and business etc Emphasis was alac placed on strengthening the academic capability

in the universities to ensure the development of specialized technicians and managers

Attention to this area is new diminishing and during the last year the enlargement and capability to use the data processing center has received first pricrity In addition to the existing IBM 1401 an IBM 360 was installed and two advisoro in the specialized

utilization of this equipment were provided through the US Bureau of the Census to train operators and to assist in broadening the utilization of the center by all of the agencies of the RTG In addition an advisor cn samipling and surveying techniques has been added and special efforts are being made to accertain the attitudes

c the population tcward developmental objectives as well as problems attending insurgency Both of these areas are essential

to objective development programmings

Local Governrent Administration

As in past years this project has concentrated on enhancing the

capability of the Ministry of Interior to improve the administration of naticnal programs at the province and rural levels and especially to facilitate the initiation and conduct of developmental work in the rural areas in response to the needs of the people To this end the project has reviewed the organization and functions of the amphurs

and changwats throughout the Kingdom and has provided the Ministry with detailed recommendations calling fcr simplificaticn cf adminisshytrative and financial activities for the improverrment of personnel administration and for the creation of new organization elements intended to deal particularly with the development activities the involvement of villages in lccal gcvernment and the discharge cf self-protection responsibilities at the village level

54

Local Government In-Service Training

Progress in this project is reflected by the degree to which the Training Division of the Department of Local Administration increases the scope and variety of training activities During the past year the Developing Democracy Program which had been carried cut in 61 tambcls in its first year was expanded to 147 tambcls and involved over 4 000 persons In other areas of activity the Divisicn was similarly involved between Cctober 1966 and September 1967 800 Village Security Officars were given Cpecialized training for service in areas of extreme insurgent activity regular and special courses to increase the administrative competence and to reshydirect program activities to development work was given to Nei

Lmphurs members of Sapa Changwats Paladt1mphurs for rural development Palad nmphnrs for security and changwat functional officers lItogether some 3 000 persons received training in these courses during the year In additicn a special course was repeated between August 14 and Ncvember 11 1966 in Naldon Phonomn Province to instruct all gcvernment officers concerning ccuntershyinsurgency activities During the year the third grout of new NaiAnphurs were graduated from the Nhi Lrphur Acdemy

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CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Potable Water

A A regional field headquarters consisting of engineering design and drafting facilities cffices water laboratcry and warehouse has been constructed in Khcn Kaen which is centrally located in the

Ncrtheast Although the AampE end the Thei design engineers are

officed in Khon Kaen there is at least one field engineer and several

construction technicians in each province The design engineer and

the field engineer exchange pcsitions after a sufficient period of training in order that all engineers obtain experience in both design and construition work

B Standard dasigns have been developed for elevated tanks clear

wells pump hcuses and treatment plants Treatment plants of 1C

cum hr 20 cu m hr 30 carm hr and 50 cnm hr capacity

have been designed The drawings are numbered in such a manner that they can be interchanged and incorporated into designs for communities having a population suitable for the appropriate preshydetermined size

C In developing these designs the Thai and American engineers work together and in this way on-the-job training is given to the inexperienced engineers Training of construction technicians is tazried cut at the ccnstruction sites Formal lectures are given by both Thai an--d American engineers

D Five Thai engineers have been sent to the United States fcur for one years graduate academic training and one for specialist training Eight engineers attended a two-month course at the SELTC Graduate School of Engineering Eighteen have received thirdshycountry observational training in Taiwan

E A curriculum fcr water works operatcr training has been

developed and two plant operators ccurses have been given Onshy

the-jcb training is also carried out

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- F A system for warehousing storage and distribution of commodities hLas just been completed Almost 2 million dollars (US) worth of commodities have been ordered and about oneshy

fourth of theoe commodities have arrived

G - Potable water systems serving twenty (20) ccmmunities have been completed Systems fcr 35 communities are under

construction and the target date for their completion is 1 Jantuary

1968 Fifty-seven (57) additional communities have been surveyed and bids are ready to be let on mcst of them Construction for these 57 communities is expected to be finiched by 1 July 1968 If this goal is attained the Potable Water Project will be on schedule

Private Sector Development

1 Introduction This project covers the advisory services provided by the staff members of the USOM Private Enterprise Division whose principal activity areas include the prcmeticn of private investrent accnomic instituticn building and economic

development financing Progress to date in each of these reas

is discussed below

2 Promotion of investment

A Investment Guaranty Program - Risk Insurance AID investment risk insurance ccverage for over $92 million has been issued for private American equity and loan capital investment in Thailand Cf this total $12 million is in extended risk coverage

for three different projects (discussed below) $36 million is for

convertibility risks $134 million for expropriation risks $104 million for war and related risks and $20 I milli on for combined expropriation-war risks

B Extended Risk Projects in Thailand

(1) Intercontinental Housing - $5 million fcr construction

of 817 low income twc- and three-bedroom houses First section

of 257 houses expected to be ccmpleted in February 1968 Conshystruction prcceeding at 0 67 hcuses per day Large backlog of buyers indicate contihued good sales outlook

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(2) Siam Kraft Paper Prcject - $4 million for construction of integrated pulp and paper making plant whose total investment is expected to exceed $29 million Plant is now under constructicn and is expected to commence operations in early 1969

(3) Calabrian (Calthai) Farm Service Center Project - $3 million to construct farm service centers upcountry which will provide

storage facilities and make available to Thai farmers the equipment necessary for plowing planting cultivating harvesting shelling and drying corn This company recently built a modern 65 000 ton capacity grain elevator upcountry and it is now receiving corn shipments for storage drying and grading prior to export Additional

collection centers are planned for cther upccuntry prcvinces

3 Institution Building

A Ministry of Industry One PE advisor has been approved

by the Ministry for full time advisory services He will be located in the industrial and Economic Planning Cffice c a December 20

B Board cf Investment Cne PE advisor is working with BOI half time tc maintain close working relationship during and after Checchi contract close cut Main emphasis is assisting in revision of Promotion of Investment Law Additional PE staff assistance is made available when requested and available

C Coordinated Industry Survey Prcgram This programs principal objective is to develop RTG instituticnal capabilities through on-the-jcb training and advisory assistance in industrial research planning promotion and policy formulaticn Ministry of Industry and BOI participated in the first project which was a survey of the

Plastics Industry (ccmpletad in June 1967) and are actively working on the second project which is a Farm Machinery Survey

As a result of the Plastics Industry Survey the Ministry of Industry with help of BOI and USOM conducted a very successful seminar to bring together all elements of the local private business sector

and various interested government agencies fcr in-depth presentashy

tion and discussion of the survey

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D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

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OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

42

because of terrain vector habits and population migratici are presenting difficult operational and technical problems and hardshycare malaria foci These are requiring intensive study and special research efforts and to this end a special tJ5PHS Operational Research Team is now becoming established

In general the prcgram is meeting the targets originally set forth in its plan of operaticns in 1965 and in-particular in the subsequent revisions of September 1966 (E-La) However further increased funding has been required and projected because of increasod cost of DDT and intensified DDT coverage in the difficult malarious areas It is hoped that trasent researchactivities will lead to other more effective and eccnomical methods to be used in the problem areas It is now anticipated that some additional funding will also be necessary into FY 1973

An assessment cf the program by a team from the U5 Public Health Service in March 1967 in addition to stressing the need for intensified investigation of specific technical problems pointed up several administrative and operational deficiencies requiring attention As a result particular efforts have been made to improve supervision at every echelon

Forty-three Peace Corps Volunteers are now working effectively with the program as assistants to Zone Chiefs or in entcmc1cgy

Resultz of surveillance activities indicate adequate progress from the general technical point of view and are as follows

1965 1966 1967

Attack Phase (Late)

Population 1185807Z 14667885 17696279

Annual Parasite Incidence per 1000 Population 59 38 24

Consolidation Phase

Population 3922353 4725797 5002728

Annual Parasite Incidence per 1000 Population 25 13 078

Projected to end of CY 1967 (Arpreximately 94 million population are under early Attack Phase measures)

43

During the last operational year 9 315 persons received training This included participants in-country pre-service training inshyservice training and special training

Chiengmai Medical

1 The construction work on the hospital was substantially completed on the scheduled date of September 19 1967 Since that time the contractor has been correcting the various small items that were listed in deficiencies by the AampE and Inspection Committee

2 The Cabinet of Thailand vcted to continue immediately with the construction of the fcur-story addition to the hospital building It was further decided that the contract for the addition would be linked with the original contract and the same contractor be awarded the jcb This will eliminate mobilization cost and other starting expenses In addition the present contractors men possess the knowledge of the present utility installations that have to be connected to in accordance with the specifications of the supplemental contract

3 The Budget Bureau of the RTG has approved 15 million baht the for the construction of the addition and the Prime Ministers Office has requested USOM to approve $ 16 million from counterpart funds thereby making a total of $ 31 million the amount required to construct the additional four floore In March 1967 USOM agreed to finance the AE costs during the construction period of the addition which will run approximately $30 000 This will be the only AID funds spent on this job AIDW has been csked to approve a waiver of the Manual Order requirements in order that the Mission may engage the Norman P Anderson firm the AE for the project

4 As many sections as possible of the new building will be put into use during the construction period as the need for new classrooms library auditorium lecture rooms out-patient areas etc is urgent During the interim the contractor is keeping his various construction forces intact waiting for the

44

amended contract which will be signed as coon as the Mission receives AIDW concurrence The work on the addition is scheduled to be completed in 18 months This project will give the northern area of the country the medical center the RTG and USOM have been working to acquire since 1951

Rural Hospital Survey

1 Backgrcund This contract is designed tc survey the condition and establish priorities for improvement for the 3500 beds in 26 hospitals presently available to the rural and urban population of the ARD provinces

Since these hospitals are in most cases the final referral location for the entire population of these provinces their needs must be determined and acted up-on by the RTG in order to carry cut a comprehensive medical care program both traditional and quick impact

In order to establish a systematic framework within which a hcspital improvement program can operate the contractor would perform the following steps -essential in such a prcgram

A Examination and recording of existing facilities and an analysis of existing conditions and deficiencies for each hospital and for the total regional hospital complex

B Compilation of a priorities checklist for hospital facilities in Thailand

C Preparation of hospital master plans fcr each facility

2 Progress to Date An American architectural firm with offices in Bangkok has submitted an unsclicited proposal to USOCM and has held preliminary discussions with the MCPH To date no funds are available for this project

45

School of Public Health

1 Purpee This project will assist the RTG in developing the School of Public Health of the University of Medical Sciences under contractual arrangements with the Univer sity of North Carolina Schcl of Public Health by (1) overcoming the present imbalance andinadequacies of faculty and curriculum and (2) inctituting and developing a field practice and demcnstration area in Northeast Thailand

2 Introduction USOMThailand -s part of its program of assisting the RTG in the development of health services for rural areas reccgnizes that the Schcol of Public Health of the University of Medical Sciences is a key institution in this effort Some 400 students mostly from provincial areas and essentially all with prior work and responsibility in the RTG Health Services are currently receiving professicnal training in such fields as health administration public health nursing nutriticn health education and environmental sanitation The School of Public Health should be and could be one cf the principle training institutions for the development of the methodlogy and skilled ma2naflpcwor needed to create effective country-wide rural health services Presently many Thai health worker9 are going to the US for graduate training in the health fields because training at home in many fields is far below standard Cften this trainin3 is not appropriate to the health conditions and needs of Thailand It is in the interest of both Thailand and the United States that the RTG School of Public Health be strengthened to the level where it can furnish in-country trained leadership in the various health fields particularly as they arply to rural health in Thailand

3 Fundamental RTG Health Development Problems to be Cverccme by this Project

Confusion duplication and contradictions in the training and utilizEtion of health workers

B Cver-emphasis on National Health Offices and probably on categorical national health programs in general

46

C Over-precccupation with and over-emphasis of the role of the physician in health programs

D Cver-education and re-educaticn of an elite corps

E Under-utilization of existing facilities

F Lack of an effective system of echeloned supervision

G The schism between curative and preventive services

H Under-budgetihg of health units in rural areas

4 Timetable of Operations In line with USAID concern to bring rapid and demonstrable health services to politically sensitive areas it wculd require this project to produce tangible

results within 2-3 years A maximunm 5-year life of the project is necessary to provide the benefits of long-term academicshyinternational collaboration vital to both the U SA and Thailand

In order to accomplish the above it is in the best interests of the Mission to negotiate this contract during this fiscal year A Chief of Party (physician) and Junior Public Health physician could arrive here some time in January or February The Chief of Party would start the project implerrenftticn at the Bangkok level while the Public Health physician would make a start at developing a comprehensive field training area oriented to the Northeast problerrs probably in Korat Province

1

5 Progres to Date

For the past two years much interest has been generated by the Schocl of Public Health the University of North Carcline the Prime IVIinisters Cffice and the Mission relative to a contract funded by U1GM for collaboration between the School of Public Health and the University of North Carclina

Recently a team from North Carolina visited Thailand and met with RTG and USOM officials In the near future a delegation of RTG officials including General Netr and Dr Jajaval Ccathanondh

47

Rector University of Medical Sciences Office cf the Prime Minister will visit the campus at Chapel Hill in North Carolina to hold further discussions To date no funds are available

for this project

Protein Food Development

1 Background It is a well-established fact that malnutrition

is common in remote rural areas of Thailand basically in the form

of vitamin and protein deficiencies

In simrple terms a way must be found to develcp an acceptable and

inexpensive high protein food to supplement the basic rice diet of

the rural population The development and consequent acceptance

of such a food product will have a marked counterinsurgency effect

on the most vulnerable target group

The solution cf the problem involves

A An evaluatic of nutritional ampeficiehciesand cccrdination

of program development

B The establishment of adequate research and develcpment

facilities in food technology in Thailand

C The development of a family of inexpensive high protein

foods to correct protein malnutrition particularly in pre-school

children

D Field testing of prototype food supplements in villages

for acceptability and nutritional value

E -Obtaining the interest of private industry in production and

marketing of acceptable food products on a commercial basis

2 Proposed USOM Program FY 68

- A Provide a direct hire nutrition advicor

B Approve the Shaefer-MayUniversity of Maryland

research proposal

48

C Establish a field testing area suitable for testing several different Prototype food supplements including commercially developed products

3 Progress to Date

It is expected that a team from AIDW7 will visit this Mission some time in December 1967 to finalize plans for this project

Population Planning

1 Background Thailands population growth rate of 3 31a per year is one cf the highest in the wcrld and a matter of growing concern to the Rcyal Thai Government For the past few years the Ministry cf Public Health in cooperaticn with the Population Council Thai Medical Schools USOM and other private agencies has been conducting operational research in family planning methods at various locations thrcughout Thailand

The Ministry of Public Health well aware of the populaticn grcwth rate and its implications has decided that the time has come to broaden the base of these various research projects into an expanding three-year program of family planning service using the existing facilities and personnel of the Department of Public Health and the Department of Medical Services This project in the absence of an expressed naticnal policy will be carried 6 ut within the Ministry as an extension of maternal and child health services

This project will be coordinated by a committee at the ministerial level with Dr Sombun Phong-Akera Under-Eecretary as the project director and chairman of the ccrnmittee Four subshycommittees have been formed tc carry on the project activities They are (1) Services within the Depaitment of Health (2) Evaluation within the Office of the Under-Secretary of State for Public Health (3) Training within the Department of Health And (4) Research within the Department of Medical Services

2 Progress tc Date Previous efforts of the Ministry cf Public Health and ccoperating agencies in family planning have met with marked success Clinics were established for the insertion of intra-uterine devices (I U D0 ) and evaluations made of their acceptance Other contraceptive methods have been studied and tested which include the Pill and hormone injections To date the Pill as well as the I UD has had wide acceptance amcngst

49

Thai wcmen

In FY 67 USCM provided medical equipment for 40 family planning clinics and assisted in the training of 15 doctors There are now 31 hospitals in 28 provinces which have recently completed a total of 10 611 IUD insertions These combined with insertions accomplished in earlier established clinics will total 75 000 women It is estimated that in excess of 100 000 women are taking the Pill on a regular basis

3 The FY 68 Ministry of Public Health Program Gperationshyally the area of coverage will extend to 16 provinces They are Korat Buriram Sisaket Surin Wool Udorn Nong Khai Loey Chamrphon Aycthya Chaiyaphum Pattani Nakhon Sri Thammarat Yale Narathiwat and Pattalung

The population of this area is approximately 6 5 million of which is estimated that 12 or 780 000 females are within the fertile age group of 20-44 years of age By July 1968 it is expected an additional 50 000 femralec not now covered by existing programs will have accepted a contraceptive means on a regular basis

Ten in-service training courses are programmed for this fiscal year commencing in January 1968 One hundred dcctcro will be trained in three courses and 120 nursee and 700 ddwives will be trained in seven courses

Ninety-four clinics for I UD insertions will be established in hospitals and health centers in the 16 province areas during the fiscal year Services for advice and provision of the Pill will extend to all health and midwifery centers at the tambol and village level

Regular budget appropriation will be used for the salaries of personnel involved in this program A counterpart budget cf 450 000 beht will need to be negotiated with the Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation

4 The FY 69 and FY 70 Ministry of Public Health Program The prcgram calls for the rapid broadening of the services base to an additional 15 provinces covering 120 000 women in FY 69 and 15 additional provinces in FY 70 covering 250 000 women

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50

INSTITUTIONampL DZVSLCPIvENT

Community Development

1 as of the end of RTG 2511 (September 30 1967) 91 area coverage piojects have been established in 27 changwats USO1M has provided audic-visual equipment and transportaticn to each of these anphurs In addition audio-visual support has been provided to three cf the four regicnal training centers

2 The Community Development Department offers both preshyservice and in-service training to Community Development personnel In FY 67 the following personnel received training

A 331 Village Organizers were recruited and received 6 months pre-service training

B The follcwing received in- service training

(1) 117 CD Wcrkers (2) 150 CD WAY Workers (3) 108 CD Supervisors (4) 60 CD Trainers

3 Village leadership development calls for continued attention to village leader training and develcpment with increased emphasis on the development cf attitudes and abilities of the peonle tc prepare them to accept the responsibility of their own develcpment and to carry a larger share of the burden cf their own security As of the end of FY 2511 (September 30 1967) villagers had received training as follows

A 12 000 (Men) Leadership Training B 3 600 (Women) Leadership Training C 3 540 Occupational Training D 1 200 Recreational Training E 1 400 Tambon Development Committee Training

These villagers represent over 4 000 villages in 68 amphurs of 27 changwats

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3 Opecial training for the following was provided in FY 67

A Acadermic 6 B Short Term Study Tour 4 C Gbservtion Tours 23 Village leaders

22 Village organizers 11 Women leaders 33 CD Trainers 11 CD Changwat amp Amnphur Officers

4 In FY 67 S 16 million was spent on village self-help and occupational promotional projacts Villagers contributed labor and local materials valued at 60 of RTG contributions A total of 1 651 prcjocts were ccmpleted using Community Development Department grants An additional 519 projects were ccmpleted without CD Department grantE bringing the self-help total to 2 170 Continued emphasis will be placed on village celf-help projects Over $ 17 million has been budgeted fcr the program in FY 68

Civil Service

The services provided under a contract with the State cf California 4(initiated in FY 1966) will complets asnrvev c pr nc ah

in all of the ministriesspecial first second and third gre10 and departments vricr to -June 1968 At that time the results

of the survey will be reviewed with the Prime Minister and Council

of Ministers and subject to their apprcval the institution of a

classification syotcom will caInnuncc

First emphasis will be given to these ministries concerned with

development activities in Northeastern Thailand At the same time a survey of pcsitions in the fcurth grade will be undertaken and tests and techniques for testing will be introduced into the

personnel administration system for the selecticn and placement

of employees It is also expected that the existing Civil Service

Law will be revised and presented for legislative approval some

time during 1968

52

Labor

This project which was initiated in response to a request from the

RTG became active with the arrival of an advisor in Labor Department

Administration early in 1967 and with the addition of an Employment Service Kdviscr in July 1967 These advisors have concentrate-1 on the development or improvement of regulations affecting labor usage labor standards and safety with pFrticular reference to broadening a regulatory capability within the Labor Department and to the expansicn of employment service ctivities into Northeastern Thailand This latter function is intended to classify workers coming from the rural areas into the urban complexes to determine

training requirements and to assist in job placerrent

Management Improvement

This project wzich has been continuously concerned with establishing an crganizaticn and methods servicing capability within the Budget Bureau And to establish the Bureau as the principal management crganization for the government has during the pact year completed

insofar as possible these parts of its activities relating to the

organizaticn and functions of the Highway Department the iAnistry of Agriculture and the training of GampM technicians within the Budget Bureau itself

During the year reccmmendations for major changes in the Ministry of Education also were formalized and initial steps were taken to implement scrre of these recommendations and several detailed studies were undertaken looking for the improvement of the organization established to administer the accelerated rural development program in the Office of the Prime Minister

With the diminution of CampM activities the project has turned its

attention to enhancing budget administration and the auditing function of the gcvernment It is expected that during the remainder of the project through fiscal year 1969 attention will be devoted almost exclusively to these areas

53

Statistical Services

Advisory services are provided to the National Statistics Office for two brcad categories of activity the use of statistical techniques and the standardizaticn of the statistical practices throughout the government and the operation of a data processing center In the past several years major emphasis had been directed toward establishing basic capnhilitios within the RTG to standardize statistical methodology in such areas as crop estimtation measurement of price changes census of population industry and business etc Emphasis was alac placed on strengthening the academic capability

in the universities to ensure the development of specialized technicians and managers

Attention to this area is new diminishing and during the last year the enlargement and capability to use the data processing center has received first pricrity In addition to the existing IBM 1401 an IBM 360 was installed and two advisoro in the specialized

utilization of this equipment were provided through the US Bureau of the Census to train operators and to assist in broadening the utilization of the center by all of the agencies of the RTG In addition an advisor cn samipling and surveying techniques has been added and special efforts are being made to accertain the attitudes

c the population tcward developmental objectives as well as problems attending insurgency Both of these areas are essential

to objective development programmings

Local Governrent Administration

As in past years this project has concentrated on enhancing the

capability of the Ministry of Interior to improve the administration of naticnal programs at the province and rural levels and especially to facilitate the initiation and conduct of developmental work in the rural areas in response to the needs of the people To this end the project has reviewed the organization and functions of the amphurs

and changwats throughout the Kingdom and has provided the Ministry with detailed recommendations calling fcr simplificaticn cf adminisshytrative and financial activities for the improverrment of personnel administration and for the creation of new organization elements intended to deal particularly with the development activities the involvement of villages in lccal gcvernment and the discharge cf self-protection responsibilities at the village level

54

Local Government In-Service Training

Progress in this project is reflected by the degree to which the Training Division of the Department of Local Administration increases the scope and variety of training activities During the past year the Developing Democracy Program which had been carried cut in 61 tambcls in its first year was expanded to 147 tambcls and involved over 4 000 persons In other areas of activity the Divisicn was similarly involved between Cctober 1966 and September 1967 800 Village Security Officars were given Cpecialized training for service in areas of extreme insurgent activity regular and special courses to increase the administrative competence and to reshydirect program activities to development work was given to Nei

Lmphurs members of Sapa Changwats Paladt1mphurs for rural development Palad nmphnrs for security and changwat functional officers lItogether some 3 000 persons received training in these courses during the year In additicn a special course was repeated between August 14 and Ncvember 11 1966 in Naldon Phonomn Province to instruct all gcvernment officers concerning ccuntershyinsurgency activities During the year the third grout of new NaiAnphurs were graduated from the Nhi Lrphur Acdemy

55

CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Potable Water

A A regional field headquarters consisting of engineering design and drafting facilities cffices water laboratcry and warehouse has been constructed in Khcn Kaen which is centrally located in the

Ncrtheast Although the AampE end the Thei design engineers are

officed in Khon Kaen there is at least one field engineer and several

construction technicians in each province The design engineer and

the field engineer exchange pcsitions after a sufficient period of training in order that all engineers obtain experience in both design and construition work

B Standard dasigns have been developed for elevated tanks clear

wells pump hcuses and treatment plants Treatment plants of 1C

cum hr 20 cu m hr 30 carm hr and 50 cnm hr capacity

have been designed The drawings are numbered in such a manner that they can be interchanged and incorporated into designs for communities having a population suitable for the appropriate preshydetermined size

C In developing these designs the Thai and American engineers work together and in this way on-the-job training is given to the inexperienced engineers Training of construction technicians is tazried cut at the ccnstruction sites Formal lectures are given by both Thai an--d American engineers

D Five Thai engineers have been sent to the United States fcur for one years graduate academic training and one for specialist training Eight engineers attended a two-month course at the SELTC Graduate School of Engineering Eighteen have received thirdshycountry observational training in Taiwan

E A curriculum fcr water works operatcr training has been

developed and two plant operators ccurses have been given Onshy

the-jcb training is also carried out

56

- F A system for warehousing storage and distribution of commodities hLas just been completed Almost 2 million dollars (US) worth of commodities have been ordered and about oneshy

fourth of theoe commodities have arrived

G - Potable water systems serving twenty (20) ccmmunities have been completed Systems fcr 35 communities are under

construction and the target date for their completion is 1 Jantuary

1968 Fifty-seven (57) additional communities have been surveyed and bids are ready to be let on mcst of them Construction for these 57 communities is expected to be finiched by 1 July 1968 If this goal is attained the Potable Water Project will be on schedule

Private Sector Development

1 Introduction This project covers the advisory services provided by the staff members of the USOM Private Enterprise Division whose principal activity areas include the prcmeticn of private investrent accnomic instituticn building and economic

development financing Progress to date in each of these reas

is discussed below

2 Promotion of investment

A Investment Guaranty Program - Risk Insurance AID investment risk insurance ccverage for over $92 million has been issued for private American equity and loan capital investment in Thailand Cf this total $12 million is in extended risk coverage

for three different projects (discussed below) $36 million is for

convertibility risks $134 million for expropriation risks $104 million for war and related risks and $20 I milli on for combined expropriation-war risks

B Extended Risk Projects in Thailand

(1) Intercontinental Housing - $5 million fcr construction

of 817 low income twc- and three-bedroom houses First section

of 257 houses expected to be ccmpleted in February 1968 Conshystruction prcceeding at 0 67 hcuses per day Large backlog of buyers indicate contihued good sales outlook

57

(2) Siam Kraft Paper Prcject - $4 million for construction of integrated pulp and paper making plant whose total investment is expected to exceed $29 million Plant is now under constructicn and is expected to commence operations in early 1969

(3) Calabrian (Calthai) Farm Service Center Project - $3 million to construct farm service centers upcountry which will provide

storage facilities and make available to Thai farmers the equipment necessary for plowing planting cultivating harvesting shelling and drying corn This company recently built a modern 65 000 ton capacity grain elevator upcountry and it is now receiving corn shipments for storage drying and grading prior to export Additional

collection centers are planned for cther upccuntry prcvinces

3 Institution Building

A Ministry of Industry One PE advisor has been approved

by the Ministry for full time advisory services He will be located in the industrial and Economic Planning Cffice c a December 20

B Board cf Investment Cne PE advisor is working with BOI half time tc maintain close working relationship during and after Checchi contract close cut Main emphasis is assisting in revision of Promotion of Investment Law Additional PE staff assistance is made available when requested and available

C Coordinated Industry Survey Prcgram This programs principal objective is to develop RTG instituticnal capabilities through on-the-jcb training and advisory assistance in industrial research planning promotion and policy formulaticn Ministry of Industry and BOI participated in the first project which was a survey of the

Plastics Industry (ccmpletad in June 1967) and are actively working on the second project which is a Farm Machinery Survey

As a result of the Plastics Industry Survey the Ministry of Industry with help of BOI and USOM conducted a very successful seminar to bring together all elements of the local private business sector

and various interested government agencies fcr in-depth presentashy

tion and discussion of the survey

58

D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

43

During the last operational year 9 315 persons received training This included participants in-country pre-service training inshyservice training and special training

Chiengmai Medical

1 The construction work on the hospital was substantially completed on the scheduled date of September 19 1967 Since that time the contractor has been correcting the various small items that were listed in deficiencies by the AampE and Inspection Committee

2 The Cabinet of Thailand vcted to continue immediately with the construction of the fcur-story addition to the hospital building It was further decided that the contract for the addition would be linked with the original contract and the same contractor be awarded the jcb This will eliminate mobilization cost and other starting expenses In addition the present contractors men possess the knowledge of the present utility installations that have to be connected to in accordance with the specifications of the supplemental contract

3 The Budget Bureau of the RTG has approved 15 million baht the for the construction of the addition and the Prime Ministers Office has requested USOM to approve $ 16 million from counterpart funds thereby making a total of $ 31 million the amount required to construct the additional four floore In March 1967 USOM agreed to finance the AE costs during the construction period of the addition which will run approximately $30 000 This will be the only AID funds spent on this job AIDW has been csked to approve a waiver of the Manual Order requirements in order that the Mission may engage the Norman P Anderson firm the AE for the project

4 As many sections as possible of the new building will be put into use during the construction period as the need for new classrooms library auditorium lecture rooms out-patient areas etc is urgent During the interim the contractor is keeping his various construction forces intact waiting for the

44

amended contract which will be signed as coon as the Mission receives AIDW concurrence The work on the addition is scheduled to be completed in 18 months This project will give the northern area of the country the medical center the RTG and USOM have been working to acquire since 1951

Rural Hospital Survey

1 Backgrcund This contract is designed tc survey the condition and establish priorities for improvement for the 3500 beds in 26 hospitals presently available to the rural and urban population of the ARD provinces

Since these hospitals are in most cases the final referral location for the entire population of these provinces their needs must be determined and acted up-on by the RTG in order to carry cut a comprehensive medical care program both traditional and quick impact

In order to establish a systematic framework within which a hcspital improvement program can operate the contractor would perform the following steps -essential in such a prcgram

A Examination and recording of existing facilities and an analysis of existing conditions and deficiencies for each hospital and for the total regional hospital complex

B Compilation of a priorities checklist for hospital facilities in Thailand

C Preparation of hospital master plans fcr each facility

2 Progress to Date An American architectural firm with offices in Bangkok has submitted an unsclicited proposal to USOCM and has held preliminary discussions with the MCPH To date no funds are available for this project

45

School of Public Health

1 Purpee This project will assist the RTG in developing the School of Public Health of the University of Medical Sciences under contractual arrangements with the Univer sity of North Carolina Schcl of Public Health by (1) overcoming the present imbalance andinadequacies of faculty and curriculum and (2) inctituting and developing a field practice and demcnstration area in Northeast Thailand

2 Introduction USOMThailand -s part of its program of assisting the RTG in the development of health services for rural areas reccgnizes that the Schcol of Public Health of the University of Medical Sciences is a key institution in this effort Some 400 students mostly from provincial areas and essentially all with prior work and responsibility in the RTG Health Services are currently receiving professicnal training in such fields as health administration public health nursing nutriticn health education and environmental sanitation The School of Public Health should be and could be one cf the principle training institutions for the development of the methodlogy and skilled ma2naflpcwor needed to create effective country-wide rural health services Presently many Thai health worker9 are going to the US for graduate training in the health fields because training at home in many fields is far below standard Cften this trainin3 is not appropriate to the health conditions and needs of Thailand It is in the interest of both Thailand and the United States that the RTG School of Public Health be strengthened to the level where it can furnish in-country trained leadership in the various health fields particularly as they arply to rural health in Thailand

3 Fundamental RTG Health Development Problems to be Cverccme by this Project

Confusion duplication and contradictions in the training and utilizEtion of health workers

B Cver-emphasis on National Health Offices and probably on categorical national health programs in general

46

C Over-precccupation with and over-emphasis of the role of the physician in health programs

D Cver-education and re-educaticn of an elite corps

E Under-utilization of existing facilities

F Lack of an effective system of echeloned supervision

G The schism between curative and preventive services

H Under-budgetihg of health units in rural areas

4 Timetable of Operations In line with USAID concern to bring rapid and demonstrable health services to politically sensitive areas it wculd require this project to produce tangible

results within 2-3 years A maximunm 5-year life of the project is necessary to provide the benefits of long-term academicshyinternational collaboration vital to both the U SA and Thailand

In order to accomplish the above it is in the best interests of the Mission to negotiate this contract during this fiscal year A Chief of Party (physician) and Junior Public Health physician could arrive here some time in January or February The Chief of Party would start the project implerrenftticn at the Bangkok level while the Public Health physician would make a start at developing a comprehensive field training area oriented to the Northeast problerrs probably in Korat Province

1

5 Progres to Date

For the past two years much interest has been generated by the Schocl of Public Health the University of North Carcline the Prime IVIinisters Cffice and the Mission relative to a contract funded by U1GM for collaboration between the School of Public Health and the University of North Carclina

Recently a team from North Carolina visited Thailand and met with RTG and USOM officials In the near future a delegation of RTG officials including General Netr and Dr Jajaval Ccathanondh

47

Rector University of Medical Sciences Office cf the Prime Minister will visit the campus at Chapel Hill in North Carolina to hold further discussions To date no funds are available

for this project

Protein Food Development

1 Background It is a well-established fact that malnutrition

is common in remote rural areas of Thailand basically in the form

of vitamin and protein deficiencies

In simrple terms a way must be found to develcp an acceptable and

inexpensive high protein food to supplement the basic rice diet of

the rural population The development and consequent acceptance

of such a food product will have a marked counterinsurgency effect

on the most vulnerable target group

The solution cf the problem involves

A An evaluatic of nutritional ampeficiehciesand cccrdination

of program development

B The establishment of adequate research and develcpment

facilities in food technology in Thailand

C The development of a family of inexpensive high protein

foods to correct protein malnutrition particularly in pre-school

children

D Field testing of prototype food supplements in villages

for acceptability and nutritional value

E -Obtaining the interest of private industry in production and

marketing of acceptable food products on a commercial basis

2 Proposed USOM Program FY 68

- A Provide a direct hire nutrition advicor

B Approve the Shaefer-MayUniversity of Maryland

research proposal

48

C Establish a field testing area suitable for testing several different Prototype food supplements including commercially developed products

3 Progress to Date

It is expected that a team from AIDW7 will visit this Mission some time in December 1967 to finalize plans for this project

Population Planning

1 Background Thailands population growth rate of 3 31a per year is one cf the highest in the wcrld and a matter of growing concern to the Rcyal Thai Government For the past few years the Ministry cf Public Health in cooperaticn with the Population Council Thai Medical Schools USOM and other private agencies has been conducting operational research in family planning methods at various locations thrcughout Thailand

The Ministry of Public Health well aware of the populaticn grcwth rate and its implications has decided that the time has come to broaden the base of these various research projects into an expanding three-year program of family planning service using the existing facilities and personnel of the Department of Public Health and the Department of Medical Services This project in the absence of an expressed naticnal policy will be carried 6 ut within the Ministry as an extension of maternal and child health services

This project will be coordinated by a committee at the ministerial level with Dr Sombun Phong-Akera Under-Eecretary as the project director and chairman of the ccrnmittee Four subshycommittees have been formed tc carry on the project activities They are (1) Services within the Depaitment of Health (2) Evaluation within the Office of the Under-Secretary of State for Public Health (3) Training within the Department of Health And (4) Research within the Department of Medical Services

2 Progress tc Date Previous efforts of the Ministry cf Public Health and ccoperating agencies in family planning have met with marked success Clinics were established for the insertion of intra-uterine devices (I U D0 ) and evaluations made of their acceptance Other contraceptive methods have been studied and tested which include the Pill and hormone injections To date the Pill as well as the I UD has had wide acceptance amcngst

49

Thai wcmen

In FY 67 USCM provided medical equipment for 40 family planning clinics and assisted in the training of 15 doctors There are now 31 hospitals in 28 provinces which have recently completed a total of 10 611 IUD insertions These combined with insertions accomplished in earlier established clinics will total 75 000 women It is estimated that in excess of 100 000 women are taking the Pill on a regular basis

3 The FY 68 Ministry of Public Health Program Gperationshyally the area of coverage will extend to 16 provinces They are Korat Buriram Sisaket Surin Wool Udorn Nong Khai Loey Chamrphon Aycthya Chaiyaphum Pattani Nakhon Sri Thammarat Yale Narathiwat and Pattalung

The population of this area is approximately 6 5 million of which is estimated that 12 or 780 000 females are within the fertile age group of 20-44 years of age By July 1968 it is expected an additional 50 000 femralec not now covered by existing programs will have accepted a contraceptive means on a regular basis

Ten in-service training courses are programmed for this fiscal year commencing in January 1968 One hundred dcctcro will be trained in three courses and 120 nursee and 700 ddwives will be trained in seven courses

Ninety-four clinics for I UD insertions will be established in hospitals and health centers in the 16 province areas during the fiscal year Services for advice and provision of the Pill will extend to all health and midwifery centers at the tambol and village level

Regular budget appropriation will be used for the salaries of personnel involved in this program A counterpart budget cf 450 000 beht will need to be negotiated with the Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation

4 The FY 69 and FY 70 Ministry of Public Health Program The prcgram calls for the rapid broadening of the services base to an additional 15 provinces covering 120 000 women in FY 69 and 15 additional provinces in FY 70 covering 250 000 women

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50

INSTITUTIONampL DZVSLCPIvENT

Community Development

1 as of the end of RTG 2511 (September 30 1967) 91 area coverage piojects have been established in 27 changwats USO1M has provided audic-visual equipment and transportaticn to each of these anphurs In addition audio-visual support has been provided to three cf the four regicnal training centers

2 The Community Development Department offers both preshyservice and in-service training to Community Development personnel In FY 67 the following personnel received training

A 331 Village Organizers were recruited and received 6 months pre-service training

B The follcwing received in- service training

(1) 117 CD Wcrkers (2) 150 CD WAY Workers (3) 108 CD Supervisors (4) 60 CD Trainers

3 Village leadership development calls for continued attention to village leader training and develcpment with increased emphasis on the development cf attitudes and abilities of the peonle tc prepare them to accept the responsibility of their own develcpment and to carry a larger share of the burden cf their own security As of the end of FY 2511 (September 30 1967) villagers had received training as follows

A 12 000 (Men) Leadership Training B 3 600 (Women) Leadership Training C 3 540 Occupational Training D 1 200 Recreational Training E 1 400 Tambon Development Committee Training

These villagers represent over 4 000 villages in 68 amphurs of 27 changwats

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3 Opecial training for the following was provided in FY 67

A Acadermic 6 B Short Term Study Tour 4 C Gbservtion Tours 23 Village leaders

22 Village organizers 11 Women leaders 33 CD Trainers 11 CD Changwat amp Amnphur Officers

4 In FY 67 S 16 million was spent on village self-help and occupational promotional projacts Villagers contributed labor and local materials valued at 60 of RTG contributions A total of 1 651 prcjocts were ccmpleted using Community Development Department grants An additional 519 projects were ccmpleted without CD Department grantE bringing the self-help total to 2 170 Continued emphasis will be placed on village celf-help projects Over $ 17 million has been budgeted fcr the program in FY 68

Civil Service

The services provided under a contract with the State cf California 4(initiated in FY 1966) will complets asnrvev c pr nc ah

in all of the ministriesspecial first second and third gre10 and departments vricr to -June 1968 At that time the results

of the survey will be reviewed with the Prime Minister and Council

of Ministers and subject to their apprcval the institution of a

classification syotcom will caInnuncc

First emphasis will be given to these ministries concerned with

development activities in Northeastern Thailand At the same time a survey of pcsitions in the fcurth grade will be undertaken and tests and techniques for testing will be introduced into the

personnel administration system for the selecticn and placement

of employees It is also expected that the existing Civil Service

Law will be revised and presented for legislative approval some

time during 1968

52

Labor

This project which was initiated in response to a request from the

RTG became active with the arrival of an advisor in Labor Department

Administration early in 1967 and with the addition of an Employment Service Kdviscr in July 1967 These advisors have concentrate-1 on the development or improvement of regulations affecting labor usage labor standards and safety with pFrticular reference to broadening a regulatory capability within the Labor Department and to the expansicn of employment service ctivities into Northeastern Thailand This latter function is intended to classify workers coming from the rural areas into the urban complexes to determine

training requirements and to assist in job placerrent

Management Improvement

This project wzich has been continuously concerned with establishing an crganizaticn and methods servicing capability within the Budget Bureau And to establish the Bureau as the principal management crganization for the government has during the pact year completed

insofar as possible these parts of its activities relating to the

organizaticn and functions of the Highway Department the iAnistry of Agriculture and the training of GampM technicians within the Budget Bureau itself

During the year reccmmendations for major changes in the Ministry of Education also were formalized and initial steps were taken to implement scrre of these recommendations and several detailed studies were undertaken looking for the improvement of the organization established to administer the accelerated rural development program in the Office of the Prime Minister

With the diminution of CampM activities the project has turned its

attention to enhancing budget administration and the auditing function of the gcvernment It is expected that during the remainder of the project through fiscal year 1969 attention will be devoted almost exclusively to these areas

53

Statistical Services

Advisory services are provided to the National Statistics Office for two brcad categories of activity the use of statistical techniques and the standardizaticn of the statistical practices throughout the government and the operation of a data processing center In the past several years major emphasis had been directed toward establishing basic capnhilitios within the RTG to standardize statistical methodology in such areas as crop estimtation measurement of price changes census of population industry and business etc Emphasis was alac placed on strengthening the academic capability

in the universities to ensure the development of specialized technicians and managers

Attention to this area is new diminishing and during the last year the enlargement and capability to use the data processing center has received first pricrity In addition to the existing IBM 1401 an IBM 360 was installed and two advisoro in the specialized

utilization of this equipment were provided through the US Bureau of the Census to train operators and to assist in broadening the utilization of the center by all of the agencies of the RTG In addition an advisor cn samipling and surveying techniques has been added and special efforts are being made to accertain the attitudes

c the population tcward developmental objectives as well as problems attending insurgency Both of these areas are essential

to objective development programmings

Local Governrent Administration

As in past years this project has concentrated on enhancing the

capability of the Ministry of Interior to improve the administration of naticnal programs at the province and rural levels and especially to facilitate the initiation and conduct of developmental work in the rural areas in response to the needs of the people To this end the project has reviewed the organization and functions of the amphurs

and changwats throughout the Kingdom and has provided the Ministry with detailed recommendations calling fcr simplificaticn cf adminisshytrative and financial activities for the improverrment of personnel administration and for the creation of new organization elements intended to deal particularly with the development activities the involvement of villages in lccal gcvernment and the discharge cf self-protection responsibilities at the village level

54

Local Government In-Service Training

Progress in this project is reflected by the degree to which the Training Division of the Department of Local Administration increases the scope and variety of training activities During the past year the Developing Democracy Program which had been carried cut in 61 tambcls in its first year was expanded to 147 tambcls and involved over 4 000 persons In other areas of activity the Divisicn was similarly involved between Cctober 1966 and September 1967 800 Village Security Officars were given Cpecialized training for service in areas of extreme insurgent activity regular and special courses to increase the administrative competence and to reshydirect program activities to development work was given to Nei

Lmphurs members of Sapa Changwats Paladt1mphurs for rural development Palad nmphnrs for security and changwat functional officers lItogether some 3 000 persons received training in these courses during the year In additicn a special course was repeated between August 14 and Ncvember 11 1966 in Naldon Phonomn Province to instruct all gcvernment officers concerning ccuntershyinsurgency activities During the year the third grout of new NaiAnphurs were graduated from the Nhi Lrphur Acdemy

55

CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Potable Water

A A regional field headquarters consisting of engineering design and drafting facilities cffices water laboratcry and warehouse has been constructed in Khcn Kaen which is centrally located in the

Ncrtheast Although the AampE end the Thei design engineers are

officed in Khon Kaen there is at least one field engineer and several

construction technicians in each province The design engineer and

the field engineer exchange pcsitions after a sufficient period of training in order that all engineers obtain experience in both design and construition work

B Standard dasigns have been developed for elevated tanks clear

wells pump hcuses and treatment plants Treatment plants of 1C

cum hr 20 cu m hr 30 carm hr and 50 cnm hr capacity

have been designed The drawings are numbered in such a manner that they can be interchanged and incorporated into designs for communities having a population suitable for the appropriate preshydetermined size

C In developing these designs the Thai and American engineers work together and in this way on-the-job training is given to the inexperienced engineers Training of construction technicians is tazried cut at the ccnstruction sites Formal lectures are given by both Thai an--d American engineers

D Five Thai engineers have been sent to the United States fcur for one years graduate academic training and one for specialist training Eight engineers attended a two-month course at the SELTC Graduate School of Engineering Eighteen have received thirdshycountry observational training in Taiwan

E A curriculum fcr water works operatcr training has been

developed and two plant operators ccurses have been given Onshy

the-jcb training is also carried out

56

- F A system for warehousing storage and distribution of commodities hLas just been completed Almost 2 million dollars (US) worth of commodities have been ordered and about oneshy

fourth of theoe commodities have arrived

G - Potable water systems serving twenty (20) ccmmunities have been completed Systems fcr 35 communities are under

construction and the target date for their completion is 1 Jantuary

1968 Fifty-seven (57) additional communities have been surveyed and bids are ready to be let on mcst of them Construction for these 57 communities is expected to be finiched by 1 July 1968 If this goal is attained the Potable Water Project will be on schedule

Private Sector Development

1 Introduction This project covers the advisory services provided by the staff members of the USOM Private Enterprise Division whose principal activity areas include the prcmeticn of private investrent accnomic instituticn building and economic

development financing Progress to date in each of these reas

is discussed below

2 Promotion of investment

A Investment Guaranty Program - Risk Insurance AID investment risk insurance ccverage for over $92 million has been issued for private American equity and loan capital investment in Thailand Cf this total $12 million is in extended risk coverage

for three different projects (discussed below) $36 million is for

convertibility risks $134 million for expropriation risks $104 million for war and related risks and $20 I milli on for combined expropriation-war risks

B Extended Risk Projects in Thailand

(1) Intercontinental Housing - $5 million fcr construction

of 817 low income twc- and three-bedroom houses First section

of 257 houses expected to be ccmpleted in February 1968 Conshystruction prcceeding at 0 67 hcuses per day Large backlog of buyers indicate contihued good sales outlook

57

(2) Siam Kraft Paper Prcject - $4 million for construction of integrated pulp and paper making plant whose total investment is expected to exceed $29 million Plant is now under constructicn and is expected to commence operations in early 1969

(3) Calabrian (Calthai) Farm Service Center Project - $3 million to construct farm service centers upcountry which will provide

storage facilities and make available to Thai farmers the equipment necessary for plowing planting cultivating harvesting shelling and drying corn This company recently built a modern 65 000 ton capacity grain elevator upcountry and it is now receiving corn shipments for storage drying and grading prior to export Additional

collection centers are planned for cther upccuntry prcvinces

3 Institution Building

A Ministry of Industry One PE advisor has been approved

by the Ministry for full time advisory services He will be located in the industrial and Economic Planning Cffice c a December 20

B Board cf Investment Cne PE advisor is working with BOI half time tc maintain close working relationship during and after Checchi contract close cut Main emphasis is assisting in revision of Promotion of Investment Law Additional PE staff assistance is made available when requested and available

C Coordinated Industry Survey Prcgram This programs principal objective is to develop RTG instituticnal capabilities through on-the-jcb training and advisory assistance in industrial research planning promotion and policy formulaticn Ministry of Industry and BOI participated in the first project which was a survey of the

Plastics Industry (ccmpletad in June 1967) and are actively working on the second project which is a Farm Machinery Survey

As a result of the Plastics Industry Survey the Ministry of Industry with help of BOI and USOM conducted a very successful seminar to bring together all elements of the local private business sector

and various interested government agencies fcr in-depth presentashy

tion and discussion of the survey

58

D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

44

amended contract which will be signed as coon as the Mission receives AIDW concurrence The work on the addition is scheduled to be completed in 18 months This project will give the northern area of the country the medical center the RTG and USOM have been working to acquire since 1951

Rural Hospital Survey

1 Backgrcund This contract is designed tc survey the condition and establish priorities for improvement for the 3500 beds in 26 hospitals presently available to the rural and urban population of the ARD provinces

Since these hospitals are in most cases the final referral location for the entire population of these provinces their needs must be determined and acted up-on by the RTG in order to carry cut a comprehensive medical care program both traditional and quick impact

In order to establish a systematic framework within which a hcspital improvement program can operate the contractor would perform the following steps -essential in such a prcgram

A Examination and recording of existing facilities and an analysis of existing conditions and deficiencies for each hospital and for the total regional hospital complex

B Compilation of a priorities checklist for hospital facilities in Thailand

C Preparation of hospital master plans fcr each facility

2 Progress to Date An American architectural firm with offices in Bangkok has submitted an unsclicited proposal to USOCM and has held preliminary discussions with the MCPH To date no funds are available for this project

45

School of Public Health

1 Purpee This project will assist the RTG in developing the School of Public Health of the University of Medical Sciences under contractual arrangements with the Univer sity of North Carolina Schcl of Public Health by (1) overcoming the present imbalance andinadequacies of faculty and curriculum and (2) inctituting and developing a field practice and demcnstration area in Northeast Thailand

2 Introduction USOMThailand -s part of its program of assisting the RTG in the development of health services for rural areas reccgnizes that the Schcol of Public Health of the University of Medical Sciences is a key institution in this effort Some 400 students mostly from provincial areas and essentially all with prior work and responsibility in the RTG Health Services are currently receiving professicnal training in such fields as health administration public health nursing nutriticn health education and environmental sanitation The School of Public Health should be and could be one cf the principle training institutions for the development of the methodlogy and skilled ma2naflpcwor needed to create effective country-wide rural health services Presently many Thai health worker9 are going to the US for graduate training in the health fields because training at home in many fields is far below standard Cften this trainin3 is not appropriate to the health conditions and needs of Thailand It is in the interest of both Thailand and the United States that the RTG School of Public Health be strengthened to the level where it can furnish in-country trained leadership in the various health fields particularly as they arply to rural health in Thailand

3 Fundamental RTG Health Development Problems to be Cverccme by this Project

Confusion duplication and contradictions in the training and utilizEtion of health workers

B Cver-emphasis on National Health Offices and probably on categorical national health programs in general

46

C Over-precccupation with and over-emphasis of the role of the physician in health programs

D Cver-education and re-educaticn of an elite corps

E Under-utilization of existing facilities

F Lack of an effective system of echeloned supervision

G The schism between curative and preventive services

H Under-budgetihg of health units in rural areas

4 Timetable of Operations In line with USAID concern to bring rapid and demonstrable health services to politically sensitive areas it wculd require this project to produce tangible

results within 2-3 years A maximunm 5-year life of the project is necessary to provide the benefits of long-term academicshyinternational collaboration vital to both the U SA and Thailand

In order to accomplish the above it is in the best interests of the Mission to negotiate this contract during this fiscal year A Chief of Party (physician) and Junior Public Health physician could arrive here some time in January or February The Chief of Party would start the project implerrenftticn at the Bangkok level while the Public Health physician would make a start at developing a comprehensive field training area oriented to the Northeast problerrs probably in Korat Province

1

5 Progres to Date

For the past two years much interest has been generated by the Schocl of Public Health the University of North Carcline the Prime IVIinisters Cffice and the Mission relative to a contract funded by U1GM for collaboration between the School of Public Health and the University of North Carclina

Recently a team from North Carolina visited Thailand and met with RTG and USOM officials In the near future a delegation of RTG officials including General Netr and Dr Jajaval Ccathanondh

47

Rector University of Medical Sciences Office cf the Prime Minister will visit the campus at Chapel Hill in North Carolina to hold further discussions To date no funds are available

for this project

Protein Food Development

1 Background It is a well-established fact that malnutrition

is common in remote rural areas of Thailand basically in the form

of vitamin and protein deficiencies

In simrple terms a way must be found to develcp an acceptable and

inexpensive high protein food to supplement the basic rice diet of

the rural population The development and consequent acceptance

of such a food product will have a marked counterinsurgency effect

on the most vulnerable target group

The solution cf the problem involves

A An evaluatic of nutritional ampeficiehciesand cccrdination

of program development

B The establishment of adequate research and develcpment

facilities in food technology in Thailand

C The development of a family of inexpensive high protein

foods to correct protein malnutrition particularly in pre-school

children

D Field testing of prototype food supplements in villages

for acceptability and nutritional value

E -Obtaining the interest of private industry in production and

marketing of acceptable food products on a commercial basis

2 Proposed USOM Program FY 68

- A Provide a direct hire nutrition advicor

B Approve the Shaefer-MayUniversity of Maryland

research proposal

48

C Establish a field testing area suitable for testing several different Prototype food supplements including commercially developed products

3 Progress to Date

It is expected that a team from AIDW7 will visit this Mission some time in December 1967 to finalize plans for this project

Population Planning

1 Background Thailands population growth rate of 3 31a per year is one cf the highest in the wcrld and a matter of growing concern to the Rcyal Thai Government For the past few years the Ministry cf Public Health in cooperaticn with the Population Council Thai Medical Schools USOM and other private agencies has been conducting operational research in family planning methods at various locations thrcughout Thailand

The Ministry of Public Health well aware of the populaticn grcwth rate and its implications has decided that the time has come to broaden the base of these various research projects into an expanding three-year program of family planning service using the existing facilities and personnel of the Department of Public Health and the Department of Medical Services This project in the absence of an expressed naticnal policy will be carried 6 ut within the Ministry as an extension of maternal and child health services

This project will be coordinated by a committee at the ministerial level with Dr Sombun Phong-Akera Under-Eecretary as the project director and chairman of the ccrnmittee Four subshycommittees have been formed tc carry on the project activities They are (1) Services within the Depaitment of Health (2) Evaluation within the Office of the Under-Secretary of State for Public Health (3) Training within the Department of Health And (4) Research within the Department of Medical Services

2 Progress tc Date Previous efforts of the Ministry cf Public Health and ccoperating agencies in family planning have met with marked success Clinics were established for the insertion of intra-uterine devices (I U D0 ) and evaluations made of their acceptance Other contraceptive methods have been studied and tested which include the Pill and hormone injections To date the Pill as well as the I UD has had wide acceptance amcngst

49

Thai wcmen

In FY 67 USCM provided medical equipment for 40 family planning clinics and assisted in the training of 15 doctors There are now 31 hospitals in 28 provinces which have recently completed a total of 10 611 IUD insertions These combined with insertions accomplished in earlier established clinics will total 75 000 women It is estimated that in excess of 100 000 women are taking the Pill on a regular basis

3 The FY 68 Ministry of Public Health Program Gperationshyally the area of coverage will extend to 16 provinces They are Korat Buriram Sisaket Surin Wool Udorn Nong Khai Loey Chamrphon Aycthya Chaiyaphum Pattani Nakhon Sri Thammarat Yale Narathiwat and Pattalung

The population of this area is approximately 6 5 million of which is estimated that 12 or 780 000 females are within the fertile age group of 20-44 years of age By July 1968 it is expected an additional 50 000 femralec not now covered by existing programs will have accepted a contraceptive means on a regular basis

Ten in-service training courses are programmed for this fiscal year commencing in January 1968 One hundred dcctcro will be trained in three courses and 120 nursee and 700 ddwives will be trained in seven courses

Ninety-four clinics for I UD insertions will be established in hospitals and health centers in the 16 province areas during the fiscal year Services for advice and provision of the Pill will extend to all health and midwifery centers at the tambol and village level

Regular budget appropriation will be used for the salaries of personnel involved in this program A counterpart budget cf 450 000 beht will need to be negotiated with the Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation

4 The FY 69 and FY 70 Ministry of Public Health Program The prcgram calls for the rapid broadening of the services base to an additional 15 provinces covering 120 000 women in FY 69 and 15 additional provinces in FY 70 covering 250 000 women

r

50

INSTITUTIONampL DZVSLCPIvENT

Community Development

1 as of the end of RTG 2511 (September 30 1967) 91 area coverage piojects have been established in 27 changwats USO1M has provided audic-visual equipment and transportaticn to each of these anphurs In addition audio-visual support has been provided to three cf the four regicnal training centers

2 The Community Development Department offers both preshyservice and in-service training to Community Development personnel In FY 67 the following personnel received training

A 331 Village Organizers were recruited and received 6 months pre-service training

B The follcwing received in- service training

(1) 117 CD Wcrkers (2) 150 CD WAY Workers (3) 108 CD Supervisors (4) 60 CD Trainers

3 Village leadership development calls for continued attention to village leader training and develcpment with increased emphasis on the development cf attitudes and abilities of the peonle tc prepare them to accept the responsibility of their own develcpment and to carry a larger share of the burden cf their own security As of the end of FY 2511 (September 30 1967) villagers had received training as follows

A 12 000 (Men) Leadership Training B 3 600 (Women) Leadership Training C 3 540 Occupational Training D 1 200 Recreational Training E 1 400 Tambon Development Committee Training

These villagers represent over 4 000 villages in 68 amphurs of 27 changwats

51

3 Opecial training for the following was provided in FY 67

A Acadermic 6 B Short Term Study Tour 4 C Gbservtion Tours 23 Village leaders

22 Village organizers 11 Women leaders 33 CD Trainers 11 CD Changwat amp Amnphur Officers

4 In FY 67 S 16 million was spent on village self-help and occupational promotional projacts Villagers contributed labor and local materials valued at 60 of RTG contributions A total of 1 651 prcjocts were ccmpleted using Community Development Department grants An additional 519 projects were ccmpleted without CD Department grantE bringing the self-help total to 2 170 Continued emphasis will be placed on village celf-help projects Over $ 17 million has been budgeted fcr the program in FY 68

Civil Service

The services provided under a contract with the State cf California 4(initiated in FY 1966) will complets asnrvev c pr nc ah

in all of the ministriesspecial first second and third gre10 and departments vricr to -June 1968 At that time the results

of the survey will be reviewed with the Prime Minister and Council

of Ministers and subject to their apprcval the institution of a

classification syotcom will caInnuncc

First emphasis will be given to these ministries concerned with

development activities in Northeastern Thailand At the same time a survey of pcsitions in the fcurth grade will be undertaken and tests and techniques for testing will be introduced into the

personnel administration system for the selecticn and placement

of employees It is also expected that the existing Civil Service

Law will be revised and presented for legislative approval some

time during 1968

52

Labor

This project which was initiated in response to a request from the

RTG became active with the arrival of an advisor in Labor Department

Administration early in 1967 and with the addition of an Employment Service Kdviscr in July 1967 These advisors have concentrate-1 on the development or improvement of regulations affecting labor usage labor standards and safety with pFrticular reference to broadening a regulatory capability within the Labor Department and to the expansicn of employment service ctivities into Northeastern Thailand This latter function is intended to classify workers coming from the rural areas into the urban complexes to determine

training requirements and to assist in job placerrent

Management Improvement

This project wzich has been continuously concerned with establishing an crganizaticn and methods servicing capability within the Budget Bureau And to establish the Bureau as the principal management crganization for the government has during the pact year completed

insofar as possible these parts of its activities relating to the

organizaticn and functions of the Highway Department the iAnistry of Agriculture and the training of GampM technicians within the Budget Bureau itself

During the year reccmmendations for major changes in the Ministry of Education also were formalized and initial steps were taken to implement scrre of these recommendations and several detailed studies were undertaken looking for the improvement of the organization established to administer the accelerated rural development program in the Office of the Prime Minister

With the diminution of CampM activities the project has turned its

attention to enhancing budget administration and the auditing function of the gcvernment It is expected that during the remainder of the project through fiscal year 1969 attention will be devoted almost exclusively to these areas

53

Statistical Services

Advisory services are provided to the National Statistics Office for two brcad categories of activity the use of statistical techniques and the standardizaticn of the statistical practices throughout the government and the operation of a data processing center In the past several years major emphasis had been directed toward establishing basic capnhilitios within the RTG to standardize statistical methodology in such areas as crop estimtation measurement of price changes census of population industry and business etc Emphasis was alac placed on strengthening the academic capability

in the universities to ensure the development of specialized technicians and managers

Attention to this area is new diminishing and during the last year the enlargement and capability to use the data processing center has received first pricrity In addition to the existing IBM 1401 an IBM 360 was installed and two advisoro in the specialized

utilization of this equipment were provided through the US Bureau of the Census to train operators and to assist in broadening the utilization of the center by all of the agencies of the RTG In addition an advisor cn samipling and surveying techniques has been added and special efforts are being made to accertain the attitudes

c the population tcward developmental objectives as well as problems attending insurgency Both of these areas are essential

to objective development programmings

Local Governrent Administration

As in past years this project has concentrated on enhancing the

capability of the Ministry of Interior to improve the administration of naticnal programs at the province and rural levels and especially to facilitate the initiation and conduct of developmental work in the rural areas in response to the needs of the people To this end the project has reviewed the organization and functions of the amphurs

and changwats throughout the Kingdom and has provided the Ministry with detailed recommendations calling fcr simplificaticn cf adminisshytrative and financial activities for the improverrment of personnel administration and for the creation of new organization elements intended to deal particularly with the development activities the involvement of villages in lccal gcvernment and the discharge cf self-protection responsibilities at the village level

54

Local Government In-Service Training

Progress in this project is reflected by the degree to which the Training Division of the Department of Local Administration increases the scope and variety of training activities During the past year the Developing Democracy Program which had been carried cut in 61 tambcls in its first year was expanded to 147 tambcls and involved over 4 000 persons In other areas of activity the Divisicn was similarly involved between Cctober 1966 and September 1967 800 Village Security Officars were given Cpecialized training for service in areas of extreme insurgent activity regular and special courses to increase the administrative competence and to reshydirect program activities to development work was given to Nei

Lmphurs members of Sapa Changwats Paladt1mphurs for rural development Palad nmphnrs for security and changwat functional officers lItogether some 3 000 persons received training in these courses during the year In additicn a special course was repeated between August 14 and Ncvember 11 1966 in Naldon Phonomn Province to instruct all gcvernment officers concerning ccuntershyinsurgency activities During the year the third grout of new NaiAnphurs were graduated from the Nhi Lrphur Acdemy

55

CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Potable Water

A A regional field headquarters consisting of engineering design and drafting facilities cffices water laboratcry and warehouse has been constructed in Khcn Kaen which is centrally located in the

Ncrtheast Although the AampE end the Thei design engineers are

officed in Khon Kaen there is at least one field engineer and several

construction technicians in each province The design engineer and

the field engineer exchange pcsitions after a sufficient period of training in order that all engineers obtain experience in both design and construition work

B Standard dasigns have been developed for elevated tanks clear

wells pump hcuses and treatment plants Treatment plants of 1C

cum hr 20 cu m hr 30 carm hr and 50 cnm hr capacity

have been designed The drawings are numbered in such a manner that they can be interchanged and incorporated into designs for communities having a population suitable for the appropriate preshydetermined size

C In developing these designs the Thai and American engineers work together and in this way on-the-job training is given to the inexperienced engineers Training of construction technicians is tazried cut at the ccnstruction sites Formal lectures are given by both Thai an--d American engineers

D Five Thai engineers have been sent to the United States fcur for one years graduate academic training and one for specialist training Eight engineers attended a two-month course at the SELTC Graduate School of Engineering Eighteen have received thirdshycountry observational training in Taiwan

E A curriculum fcr water works operatcr training has been

developed and two plant operators ccurses have been given Onshy

the-jcb training is also carried out

56

- F A system for warehousing storage and distribution of commodities hLas just been completed Almost 2 million dollars (US) worth of commodities have been ordered and about oneshy

fourth of theoe commodities have arrived

G - Potable water systems serving twenty (20) ccmmunities have been completed Systems fcr 35 communities are under

construction and the target date for their completion is 1 Jantuary

1968 Fifty-seven (57) additional communities have been surveyed and bids are ready to be let on mcst of them Construction for these 57 communities is expected to be finiched by 1 July 1968 If this goal is attained the Potable Water Project will be on schedule

Private Sector Development

1 Introduction This project covers the advisory services provided by the staff members of the USOM Private Enterprise Division whose principal activity areas include the prcmeticn of private investrent accnomic instituticn building and economic

development financing Progress to date in each of these reas

is discussed below

2 Promotion of investment

A Investment Guaranty Program - Risk Insurance AID investment risk insurance ccverage for over $92 million has been issued for private American equity and loan capital investment in Thailand Cf this total $12 million is in extended risk coverage

for three different projects (discussed below) $36 million is for

convertibility risks $134 million for expropriation risks $104 million for war and related risks and $20 I milli on for combined expropriation-war risks

B Extended Risk Projects in Thailand

(1) Intercontinental Housing - $5 million fcr construction

of 817 low income twc- and three-bedroom houses First section

of 257 houses expected to be ccmpleted in February 1968 Conshystruction prcceeding at 0 67 hcuses per day Large backlog of buyers indicate contihued good sales outlook

57

(2) Siam Kraft Paper Prcject - $4 million for construction of integrated pulp and paper making plant whose total investment is expected to exceed $29 million Plant is now under constructicn and is expected to commence operations in early 1969

(3) Calabrian (Calthai) Farm Service Center Project - $3 million to construct farm service centers upcountry which will provide

storage facilities and make available to Thai farmers the equipment necessary for plowing planting cultivating harvesting shelling and drying corn This company recently built a modern 65 000 ton capacity grain elevator upcountry and it is now receiving corn shipments for storage drying and grading prior to export Additional

collection centers are planned for cther upccuntry prcvinces

3 Institution Building

A Ministry of Industry One PE advisor has been approved

by the Ministry for full time advisory services He will be located in the industrial and Economic Planning Cffice c a December 20

B Board cf Investment Cne PE advisor is working with BOI half time tc maintain close working relationship during and after Checchi contract close cut Main emphasis is assisting in revision of Promotion of Investment Law Additional PE staff assistance is made available when requested and available

C Coordinated Industry Survey Prcgram This programs principal objective is to develop RTG instituticnal capabilities through on-the-jcb training and advisory assistance in industrial research planning promotion and policy formulaticn Ministry of Industry and BOI participated in the first project which was a survey of the

Plastics Industry (ccmpletad in June 1967) and are actively working on the second project which is a Farm Machinery Survey

As a result of the Plastics Industry Survey the Ministry of Industry with help of BOI and USOM conducted a very successful seminar to bring together all elements of the local private business sector

and various interested government agencies fcr in-depth presentashy

tion and discussion of the survey

58

D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

45

School of Public Health

1 Purpee This project will assist the RTG in developing the School of Public Health of the University of Medical Sciences under contractual arrangements with the Univer sity of North Carolina Schcl of Public Health by (1) overcoming the present imbalance andinadequacies of faculty and curriculum and (2) inctituting and developing a field practice and demcnstration area in Northeast Thailand

2 Introduction USOMThailand -s part of its program of assisting the RTG in the development of health services for rural areas reccgnizes that the Schcol of Public Health of the University of Medical Sciences is a key institution in this effort Some 400 students mostly from provincial areas and essentially all with prior work and responsibility in the RTG Health Services are currently receiving professicnal training in such fields as health administration public health nursing nutriticn health education and environmental sanitation The School of Public Health should be and could be one cf the principle training institutions for the development of the methodlogy and skilled ma2naflpcwor needed to create effective country-wide rural health services Presently many Thai health worker9 are going to the US for graduate training in the health fields because training at home in many fields is far below standard Cften this trainin3 is not appropriate to the health conditions and needs of Thailand It is in the interest of both Thailand and the United States that the RTG School of Public Health be strengthened to the level where it can furnish in-country trained leadership in the various health fields particularly as they arply to rural health in Thailand

3 Fundamental RTG Health Development Problems to be Cverccme by this Project

Confusion duplication and contradictions in the training and utilizEtion of health workers

B Cver-emphasis on National Health Offices and probably on categorical national health programs in general

46

C Over-precccupation with and over-emphasis of the role of the physician in health programs

D Cver-education and re-educaticn of an elite corps

E Under-utilization of existing facilities

F Lack of an effective system of echeloned supervision

G The schism between curative and preventive services

H Under-budgetihg of health units in rural areas

4 Timetable of Operations In line with USAID concern to bring rapid and demonstrable health services to politically sensitive areas it wculd require this project to produce tangible

results within 2-3 years A maximunm 5-year life of the project is necessary to provide the benefits of long-term academicshyinternational collaboration vital to both the U SA and Thailand

In order to accomplish the above it is in the best interests of the Mission to negotiate this contract during this fiscal year A Chief of Party (physician) and Junior Public Health physician could arrive here some time in January or February The Chief of Party would start the project implerrenftticn at the Bangkok level while the Public Health physician would make a start at developing a comprehensive field training area oriented to the Northeast problerrs probably in Korat Province

1

5 Progres to Date

For the past two years much interest has been generated by the Schocl of Public Health the University of North Carcline the Prime IVIinisters Cffice and the Mission relative to a contract funded by U1GM for collaboration between the School of Public Health and the University of North Carclina

Recently a team from North Carolina visited Thailand and met with RTG and USOM officials In the near future a delegation of RTG officials including General Netr and Dr Jajaval Ccathanondh

47

Rector University of Medical Sciences Office cf the Prime Minister will visit the campus at Chapel Hill in North Carolina to hold further discussions To date no funds are available

for this project

Protein Food Development

1 Background It is a well-established fact that malnutrition

is common in remote rural areas of Thailand basically in the form

of vitamin and protein deficiencies

In simrple terms a way must be found to develcp an acceptable and

inexpensive high protein food to supplement the basic rice diet of

the rural population The development and consequent acceptance

of such a food product will have a marked counterinsurgency effect

on the most vulnerable target group

The solution cf the problem involves

A An evaluatic of nutritional ampeficiehciesand cccrdination

of program development

B The establishment of adequate research and develcpment

facilities in food technology in Thailand

C The development of a family of inexpensive high protein

foods to correct protein malnutrition particularly in pre-school

children

D Field testing of prototype food supplements in villages

for acceptability and nutritional value

E -Obtaining the interest of private industry in production and

marketing of acceptable food products on a commercial basis

2 Proposed USOM Program FY 68

- A Provide a direct hire nutrition advicor

B Approve the Shaefer-MayUniversity of Maryland

research proposal

48

C Establish a field testing area suitable for testing several different Prototype food supplements including commercially developed products

3 Progress to Date

It is expected that a team from AIDW7 will visit this Mission some time in December 1967 to finalize plans for this project

Population Planning

1 Background Thailands population growth rate of 3 31a per year is one cf the highest in the wcrld and a matter of growing concern to the Rcyal Thai Government For the past few years the Ministry cf Public Health in cooperaticn with the Population Council Thai Medical Schools USOM and other private agencies has been conducting operational research in family planning methods at various locations thrcughout Thailand

The Ministry of Public Health well aware of the populaticn grcwth rate and its implications has decided that the time has come to broaden the base of these various research projects into an expanding three-year program of family planning service using the existing facilities and personnel of the Department of Public Health and the Department of Medical Services This project in the absence of an expressed naticnal policy will be carried 6 ut within the Ministry as an extension of maternal and child health services

This project will be coordinated by a committee at the ministerial level with Dr Sombun Phong-Akera Under-Eecretary as the project director and chairman of the ccrnmittee Four subshycommittees have been formed tc carry on the project activities They are (1) Services within the Depaitment of Health (2) Evaluation within the Office of the Under-Secretary of State for Public Health (3) Training within the Department of Health And (4) Research within the Department of Medical Services

2 Progress tc Date Previous efforts of the Ministry cf Public Health and ccoperating agencies in family planning have met with marked success Clinics were established for the insertion of intra-uterine devices (I U D0 ) and evaluations made of their acceptance Other contraceptive methods have been studied and tested which include the Pill and hormone injections To date the Pill as well as the I UD has had wide acceptance amcngst

49

Thai wcmen

In FY 67 USCM provided medical equipment for 40 family planning clinics and assisted in the training of 15 doctors There are now 31 hospitals in 28 provinces which have recently completed a total of 10 611 IUD insertions These combined with insertions accomplished in earlier established clinics will total 75 000 women It is estimated that in excess of 100 000 women are taking the Pill on a regular basis

3 The FY 68 Ministry of Public Health Program Gperationshyally the area of coverage will extend to 16 provinces They are Korat Buriram Sisaket Surin Wool Udorn Nong Khai Loey Chamrphon Aycthya Chaiyaphum Pattani Nakhon Sri Thammarat Yale Narathiwat and Pattalung

The population of this area is approximately 6 5 million of which is estimated that 12 or 780 000 females are within the fertile age group of 20-44 years of age By July 1968 it is expected an additional 50 000 femralec not now covered by existing programs will have accepted a contraceptive means on a regular basis

Ten in-service training courses are programmed for this fiscal year commencing in January 1968 One hundred dcctcro will be trained in three courses and 120 nursee and 700 ddwives will be trained in seven courses

Ninety-four clinics for I UD insertions will be established in hospitals and health centers in the 16 province areas during the fiscal year Services for advice and provision of the Pill will extend to all health and midwifery centers at the tambol and village level

Regular budget appropriation will be used for the salaries of personnel involved in this program A counterpart budget cf 450 000 beht will need to be negotiated with the Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation

4 The FY 69 and FY 70 Ministry of Public Health Program The prcgram calls for the rapid broadening of the services base to an additional 15 provinces covering 120 000 women in FY 69 and 15 additional provinces in FY 70 covering 250 000 women

r

50

INSTITUTIONampL DZVSLCPIvENT

Community Development

1 as of the end of RTG 2511 (September 30 1967) 91 area coverage piojects have been established in 27 changwats USO1M has provided audic-visual equipment and transportaticn to each of these anphurs In addition audio-visual support has been provided to three cf the four regicnal training centers

2 The Community Development Department offers both preshyservice and in-service training to Community Development personnel In FY 67 the following personnel received training

A 331 Village Organizers were recruited and received 6 months pre-service training

B The follcwing received in- service training

(1) 117 CD Wcrkers (2) 150 CD WAY Workers (3) 108 CD Supervisors (4) 60 CD Trainers

3 Village leadership development calls for continued attention to village leader training and develcpment with increased emphasis on the development cf attitudes and abilities of the peonle tc prepare them to accept the responsibility of their own develcpment and to carry a larger share of the burden cf their own security As of the end of FY 2511 (September 30 1967) villagers had received training as follows

A 12 000 (Men) Leadership Training B 3 600 (Women) Leadership Training C 3 540 Occupational Training D 1 200 Recreational Training E 1 400 Tambon Development Committee Training

These villagers represent over 4 000 villages in 68 amphurs of 27 changwats

51

3 Opecial training for the following was provided in FY 67

A Acadermic 6 B Short Term Study Tour 4 C Gbservtion Tours 23 Village leaders

22 Village organizers 11 Women leaders 33 CD Trainers 11 CD Changwat amp Amnphur Officers

4 In FY 67 S 16 million was spent on village self-help and occupational promotional projacts Villagers contributed labor and local materials valued at 60 of RTG contributions A total of 1 651 prcjocts were ccmpleted using Community Development Department grants An additional 519 projects were ccmpleted without CD Department grantE bringing the self-help total to 2 170 Continued emphasis will be placed on village celf-help projects Over $ 17 million has been budgeted fcr the program in FY 68

Civil Service

The services provided under a contract with the State cf California 4(initiated in FY 1966) will complets asnrvev c pr nc ah

in all of the ministriesspecial first second and third gre10 and departments vricr to -June 1968 At that time the results

of the survey will be reviewed with the Prime Minister and Council

of Ministers and subject to their apprcval the institution of a

classification syotcom will caInnuncc

First emphasis will be given to these ministries concerned with

development activities in Northeastern Thailand At the same time a survey of pcsitions in the fcurth grade will be undertaken and tests and techniques for testing will be introduced into the

personnel administration system for the selecticn and placement

of employees It is also expected that the existing Civil Service

Law will be revised and presented for legislative approval some

time during 1968

52

Labor

This project which was initiated in response to a request from the

RTG became active with the arrival of an advisor in Labor Department

Administration early in 1967 and with the addition of an Employment Service Kdviscr in July 1967 These advisors have concentrate-1 on the development or improvement of regulations affecting labor usage labor standards and safety with pFrticular reference to broadening a regulatory capability within the Labor Department and to the expansicn of employment service ctivities into Northeastern Thailand This latter function is intended to classify workers coming from the rural areas into the urban complexes to determine

training requirements and to assist in job placerrent

Management Improvement

This project wzich has been continuously concerned with establishing an crganizaticn and methods servicing capability within the Budget Bureau And to establish the Bureau as the principal management crganization for the government has during the pact year completed

insofar as possible these parts of its activities relating to the

organizaticn and functions of the Highway Department the iAnistry of Agriculture and the training of GampM technicians within the Budget Bureau itself

During the year reccmmendations for major changes in the Ministry of Education also were formalized and initial steps were taken to implement scrre of these recommendations and several detailed studies were undertaken looking for the improvement of the organization established to administer the accelerated rural development program in the Office of the Prime Minister

With the diminution of CampM activities the project has turned its

attention to enhancing budget administration and the auditing function of the gcvernment It is expected that during the remainder of the project through fiscal year 1969 attention will be devoted almost exclusively to these areas

53

Statistical Services

Advisory services are provided to the National Statistics Office for two brcad categories of activity the use of statistical techniques and the standardizaticn of the statistical practices throughout the government and the operation of a data processing center In the past several years major emphasis had been directed toward establishing basic capnhilitios within the RTG to standardize statistical methodology in such areas as crop estimtation measurement of price changes census of population industry and business etc Emphasis was alac placed on strengthening the academic capability

in the universities to ensure the development of specialized technicians and managers

Attention to this area is new diminishing and during the last year the enlargement and capability to use the data processing center has received first pricrity In addition to the existing IBM 1401 an IBM 360 was installed and two advisoro in the specialized

utilization of this equipment were provided through the US Bureau of the Census to train operators and to assist in broadening the utilization of the center by all of the agencies of the RTG In addition an advisor cn samipling and surveying techniques has been added and special efforts are being made to accertain the attitudes

c the population tcward developmental objectives as well as problems attending insurgency Both of these areas are essential

to objective development programmings

Local Governrent Administration

As in past years this project has concentrated on enhancing the

capability of the Ministry of Interior to improve the administration of naticnal programs at the province and rural levels and especially to facilitate the initiation and conduct of developmental work in the rural areas in response to the needs of the people To this end the project has reviewed the organization and functions of the amphurs

and changwats throughout the Kingdom and has provided the Ministry with detailed recommendations calling fcr simplificaticn cf adminisshytrative and financial activities for the improverrment of personnel administration and for the creation of new organization elements intended to deal particularly with the development activities the involvement of villages in lccal gcvernment and the discharge cf self-protection responsibilities at the village level

54

Local Government In-Service Training

Progress in this project is reflected by the degree to which the Training Division of the Department of Local Administration increases the scope and variety of training activities During the past year the Developing Democracy Program which had been carried cut in 61 tambcls in its first year was expanded to 147 tambcls and involved over 4 000 persons In other areas of activity the Divisicn was similarly involved between Cctober 1966 and September 1967 800 Village Security Officars were given Cpecialized training for service in areas of extreme insurgent activity regular and special courses to increase the administrative competence and to reshydirect program activities to development work was given to Nei

Lmphurs members of Sapa Changwats Paladt1mphurs for rural development Palad nmphnrs for security and changwat functional officers lItogether some 3 000 persons received training in these courses during the year In additicn a special course was repeated between August 14 and Ncvember 11 1966 in Naldon Phonomn Province to instruct all gcvernment officers concerning ccuntershyinsurgency activities During the year the third grout of new NaiAnphurs were graduated from the Nhi Lrphur Acdemy

55

CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Potable Water

A A regional field headquarters consisting of engineering design and drafting facilities cffices water laboratcry and warehouse has been constructed in Khcn Kaen which is centrally located in the

Ncrtheast Although the AampE end the Thei design engineers are

officed in Khon Kaen there is at least one field engineer and several

construction technicians in each province The design engineer and

the field engineer exchange pcsitions after a sufficient period of training in order that all engineers obtain experience in both design and construition work

B Standard dasigns have been developed for elevated tanks clear

wells pump hcuses and treatment plants Treatment plants of 1C

cum hr 20 cu m hr 30 carm hr and 50 cnm hr capacity

have been designed The drawings are numbered in such a manner that they can be interchanged and incorporated into designs for communities having a population suitable for the appropriate preshydetermined size

C In developing these designs the Thai and American engineers work together and in this way on-the-job training is given to the inexperienced engineers Training of construction technicians is tazried cut at the ccnstruction sites Formal lectures are given by both Thai an--d American engineers

D Five Thai engineers have been sent to the United States fcur for one years graduate academic training and one for specialist training Eight engineers attended a two-month course at the SELTC Graduate School of Engineering Eighteen have received thirdshycountry observational training in Taiwan

E A curriculum fcr water works operatcr training has been

developed and two plant operators ccurses have been given Onshy

the-jcb training is also carried out

56

- F A system for warehousing storage and distribution of commodities hLas just been completed Almost 2 million dollars (US) worth of commodities have been ordered and about oneshy

fourth of theoe commodities have arrived

G - Potable water systems serving twenty (20) ccmmunities have been completed Systems fcr 35 communities are under

construction and the target date for their completion is 1 Jantuary

1968 Fifty-seven (57) additional communities have been surveyed and bids are ready to be let on mcst of them Construction for these 57 communities is expected to be finiched by 1 July 1968 If this goal is attained the Potable Water Project will be on schedule

Private Sector Development

1 Introduction This project covers the advisory services provided by the staff members of the USOM Private Enterprise Division whose principal activity areas include the prcmeticn of private investrent accnomic instituticn building and economic

development financing Progress to date in each of these reas

is discussed below

2 Promotion of investment

A Investment Guaranty Program - Risk Insurance AID investment risk insurance ccverage for over $92 million has been issued for private American equity and loan capital investment in Thailand Cf this total $12 million is in extended risk coverage

for three different projects (discussed below) $36 million is for

convertibility risks $134 million for expropriation risks $104 million for war and related risks and $20 I milli on for combined expropriation-war risks

B Extended Risk Projects in Thailand

(1) Intercontinental Housing - $5 million fcr construction

of 817 low income twc- and three-bedroom houses First section

of 257 houses expected to be ccmpleted in February 1968 Conshystruction prcceeding at 0 67 hcuses per day Large backlog of buyers indicate contihued good sales outlook

57

(2) Siam Kraft Paper Prcject - $4 million for construction of integrated pulp and paper making plant whose total investment is expected to exceed $29 million Plant is now under constructicn and is expected to commence operations in early 1969

(3) Calabrian (Calthai) Farm Service Center Project - $3 million to construct farm service centers upcountry which will provide

storage facilities and make available to Thai farmers the equipment necessary for plowing planting cultivating harvesting shelling and drying corn This company recently built a modern 65 000 ton capacity grain elevator upcountry and it is now receiving corn shipments for storage drying and grading prior to export Additional

collection centers are planned for cther upccuntry prcvinces

3 Institution Building

A Ministry of Industry One PE advisor has been approved

by the Ministry for full time advisory services He will be located in the industrial and Economic Planning Cffice c a December 20

B Board cf Investment Cne PE advisor is working with BOI half time tc maintain close working relationship during and after Checchi contract close cut Main emphasis is assisting in revision of Promotion of Investment Law Additional PE staff assistance is made available when requested and available

C Coordinated Industry Survey Prcgram This programs principal objective is to develop RTG instituticnal capabilities through on-the-jcb training and advisory assistance in industrial research planning promotion and policy formulaticn Ministry of Industry and BOI participated in the first project which was a survey of the

Plastics Industry (ccmpletad in June 1967) and are actively working on the second project which is a Farm Machinery Survey

As a result of the Plastics Industry Survey the Ministry of Industry with help of BOI and USOM conducted a very successful seminar to bring together all elements of the local private business sector

and various interested government agencies fcr in-depth presentashy

tion and discussion of the survey

58

D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

46

C Over-precccupation with and over-emphasis of the role of the physician in health programs

D Cver-education and re-educaticn of an elite corps

E Under-utilization of existing facilities

F Lack of an effective system of echeloned supervision

G The schism between curative and preventive services

H Under-budgetihg of health units in rural areas

4 Timetable of Operations In line with USAID concern to bring rapid and demonstrable health services to politically sensitive areas it wculd require this project to produce tangible

results within 2-3 years A maximunm 5-year life of the project is necessary to provide the benefits of long-term academicshyinternational collaboration vital to both the U SA and Thailand

In order to accomplish the above it is in the best interests of the Mission to negotiate this contract during this fiscal year A Chief of Party (physician) and Junior Public Health physician could arrive here some time in January or February The Chief of Party would start the project implerrenftticn at the Bangkok level while the Public Health physician would make a start at developing a comprehensive field training area oriented to the Northeast problerrs probably in Korat Province

1

5 Progres to Date

For the past two years much interest has been generated by the Schocl of Public Health the University of North Carcline the Prime IVIinisters Cffice and the Mission relative to a contract funded by U1GM for collaboration between the School of Public Health and the University of North Carclina

Recently a team from North Carolina visited Thailand and met with RTG and USOM officials In the near future a delegation of RTG officials including General Netr and Dr Jajaval Ccathanondh

47

Rector University of Medical Sciences Office cf the Prime Minister will visit the campus at Chapel Hill in North Carolina to hold further discussions To date no funds are available

for this project

Protein Food Development

1 Background It is a well-established fact that malnutrition

is common in remote rural areas of Thailand basically in the form

of vitamin and protein deficiencies

In simrple terms a way must be found to develcp an acceptable and

inexpensive high protein food to supplement the basic rice diet of

the rural population The development and consequent acceptance

of such a food product will have a marked counterinsurgency effect

on the most vulnerable target group

The solution cf the problem involves

A An evaluatic of nutritional ampeficiehciesand cccrdination

of program development

B The establishment of adequate research and develcpment

facilities in food technology in Thailand

C The development of a family of inexpensive high protein

foods to correct protein malnutrition particularly in pre-school

children

D Field testing of prototype food supplements in villages

for acceptability and nutritional value

E -Obtaining the interest of private industry in production and

marketing of acceptable food products on a commercial basis

2 Proposed USOM Program FY 68

- A Provide a direct hire nutrition advicor

B Approve the Shaefer-MayUniversity of Maryland

research proposal

48

C Establish a field testing area suitable for testing several different Prototype food supplements including commercially developed products

3 Progress to Date

It is expected that a team from AIDW7 will visit this Mission some time in December 1967 to finalize plans for this project

Population Planning

1 Background Thailands population growth rate of 3 31a per year is one cf the highest in the wcrld and a matter of growing concern to the Rcyal Thai Government For the past few years the Ministry cf Public Health in cooperaticn with the Population Council Thai Medical Schools USOM and other private agencies has been conducting operational research in family planning methods at various locations thrcughout Thailand

The Ministry of Public Health well aware of the populaticn grcwth rate and its implications has decided that the time has come to broaden the base of these various research projects into an expanding three-year program of family planning service using the existing facilities and personnel of the Department of Public Health and the Department of Medical Services This project in the absence of an expressed naticnal policy will be carried 6 ut within the Ministry as an extension of maternal and child health services

This project will be coordinated by a committee at the ministerial level with Dr Sombun Phong-Akera Under-Eecretary as the project director and chairman of the ccrnmittee Four subshycommittees have been formed tc carry on the project activities They are (1) Services within the Depaitment of Health (2) Evaluation within the Office of the Under-Secretary of State for Public Health (3) Training within the Department of Health And (4) Research within the Department of Medical Services

2 Progress tc Date Previous efforts of the Ministry cf Public Health and ccoperating agencies in family planning have met with marked success Clinics were established for the insertion of intra-uterine devices (I U D0 ) and evaluations made of their acceptance Other contraceptive methods have been studied and tested which include the Pill and hormone injections To date the Pill as well as the I UD has had wide acceptance amcngst

49

Thai wcmen

In FY 67 USCM provided medical equipment for 40 family planning clinics and assisted in the training of 15 doctors There are now 31 hospitals in 28 provinces which have recently completed a total of 10 611 IUD insertions These combined with insertions accomplished in earlier established clinics will total 75 000 women It is estimated that in excess of 100 000 women are taking the Pill on a regular basis

3 The FY 68 Ministry of Public Health Program Gperationshyally the area of coverage will extend to 16 provinces They are Korat Buriram Sisaket Surin Wool Udorn Nong Khai Loey Chamrphon Aycthya Chaiyaphum Pattani Nakhon Sri Thammarat Yale Narathiwat and Pattalung

The population of this area is approximately 6 5 million of which is estimated that 12 or 780 000 females are within the fertile age group of 20-44 years of age By July 1968 it is expected an additional 50 000 femralec not now covered by existing programs will have accepted a contraceptive means on a regular basis

Ten in-service training courses are programmed for this fiscal year commencing in January 1968 One hundred dcctcro will be trained in three courses and 120 nursee and 700 ddwives will be trained in seven courses

Ninety-four clinics for I UD insertions will be established in hospitals and health centers in the 16 province areas during the fiscal year Services for advice and provision of the Pill will extend to all health and midwifery centers at the tambol and village level

Regular budget appropriation will be used for the salaries of personnel involved in this program A counterpart budget cf 450 000 beht will need to be negotiated with the Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation

4 The FY 69 and FY 70 Ministry of Public Health Program The prcgram calls for the rapid broadening of the services base to an additional 15 provinces covering 120 000 women in FY 69 and 15 additional provinces in FY 70 covering 250 000 women

r

50

INSTITUTIONampL DZVSLCPIvENT

Community Development

1 as of the end of RTG 2511 (September 30 1967) 91 area coverage piojects have been established in 27 changwats USO1M has provided audic-visual equipment and transportaticn to each of these anphurs In addition audio-visual support has been provided to three cf the four regicnal training centers

2 The Community Development Department offers both preshyservice and in-service training to Community Development personnel In FY 67 the following personnel received training

A 331 Village Organizers were recruited and received 6 months pre-service training

B The follcwing received in- service training

(1) 117 CD Wcrkers (2) 150 CD WAY Workers (3) 108 CD Supervisors (4) 60 CD Trainers

3 Village leadership development calls for continued attention to village leader training and develcpment with increased emphasis on the development cf attitudes and abilities of the peonle tc prepare them to accept the responsibility of their own develcpment and to carry a larger share of the burden cf their own security As of the end of FY 2511 (September 30 1967) villagers had received training as follows

A 12 000 (Men) Leadership Training B 3 600 (Women) Leadership Training C 3 540 Occupational Training D 1 200 Recreational Training E 1 400 Tambon Development Committee Training

These villagers represent over 4 000 villages in 68 amphurs of 27 changwats

51

3 Opecial training for the following was provided in FY 67

A Acadermic 6 B Short Term Study Tour 4 C Gbservtion Tours 23 Village leaders

22 Village organizers 11 Women leaders 33 CD Trainers 11 CD Changwat amp Amnphur Officers

4 In FY 67 S 16 million was spent on village self-help and occupational promotional projacts Villagers contributed labor and local materials valued at 60 of RTG contributions A total of 1 651 prcjocts were ccmpleted using Community Development Department grants An additional 519 projects were ccmpleted without CD Department grantE bringing the self-help total to 2 170 Continued emphasis will be placed on village celf-help projects Over $ 17 million has been budgeted fcr the program in FY 68

Civil Service

The services provided under a contract with the State cf California 4(initiated in FY 1966) will complets asnrvev c pr nc ah

in all of the ministriesspecial first second and third gre10 and departments vricr to -June 1968 At that time the results

of the survey will be reviewed with the Prime Minister and Council

of Ministers and subject to their apprcval the institution of a

classification syotcom will caInnuncc

First emphasis will be given to these ministries concerned with

development activities in Northeastern Thailand At the same time a survey of pcsitions in the fcurth grade will be undertaken and tests and techniques for testing will be introduced into the

personnel administration system for the selecticn and placement

of employees It is also expected that the existing Civil Service

Law will be revised and presented for legislative approval some

time during 1968

52

Labor

This project which was initiated in response to a request from the

RTG became active with the arrival of an advisor in Labor Department

Administration early in 1967 and with the addition of an Employment Service Kdviscr in July 1967 These advisors have concentrate-1 on the development or improvement of regulations affecting labor usage labor standards and safety with pFrticular reference to broadening a regulatory capability within the Labor Department and to the expansicn of employment service ctivities into Northeastern Thailand This latter function is intended to classify workers coming from the rural areas into the urban complexes to determine

training requirements and to assist in job placerrent

Management Improvement

This project wzich has been continuously concerned with establishing an crganizaticn and methods servicing capability within the Budget Bureau And to establish the Bureau as the principal management crganization for the government has during the pact year completed

insofar as possible these parts of its activities relating to the

organizaticn and functions of the Highway Department the iAnistry of Agriculture and the training of GampM technicians within the Budget Bureau itself

During the year reccmmendations for major changes in the Ministry of Education also were formalized and initial steps were taken to implement scrre of these recommendations and several detailed studies were undertaken looking for the improvement of the organization established to administer the accelerated rural development program in the Office of the Prime Minister

With the diminution of CampM activities the project has turned its

attention to enhancing budget administration and the auditing function of the gcvernment It is expected that during the remainder of the project through fiscal year 1969 attention will be devoted almost exclusively to these areas

53

Statistical Services

Advisory services are provided to the National Statistics Office for two brcad categories of activity the use of statistical techniques and the standardizaticn of the statistical practices throughout the government and the operation of a data processing center In the past several years major emphasis had been directed toward establishing basic capnhilitios within the RTG to standardize statistical methodology in such areas as crop estimtation measurement of price changes census of population industry and business etc Emphasis was alac placed on strengthening the academic capability

in the universities to ensure the development of specialized technicians and managers

Attention to this area is new diminishing and during the last year the enlargement and capability to use the data processing center has received first pricrity In addition to the existing IBM 1401 an IBM 360 was installed and two advisoro in the specialized

utilization of this equipment were provided through the US Bureau of the Census to train operators and to assist in broadening the utilization of the center by all of the agencies of the RTG In addition an advisor cn samipling and surveying techniques has been added and special efforts are being made to accertain the attitudes

c the population tcward developmental objectives as well as problems attending insurgency Both of these areas are essential

to objective development programmings

Local Governrent Administration

As in past years this project has concentrated on enhancing the

capability of the Ministry of Interior to improve the administration of naticnal programs at the province and rural levels and especially to facilitate the initiation and conduct of developmental work in the rural areas in response to the needs of the people To this end the project has reviewed the organization and functions of the amphurs

and changwats throughout the Kingdom and has provided the Ministry with detailed recommendations calling fcr simplificaticn cf adminisshytrative and financial activities for the improverrment of personnel administration and for the creation of new organization elements intended to deal particularly with the development activities the involvement of villages in lccal gcvernment and the discharge cf self-protection responsibilities at the village level

54

Local Government In-Service Training

Progress in this project is reflected by the degree to which the Training Division of the Department of Local Administration increases the scope and variety of training activities During the past year the Developing Democracy Program which had been carried cut in 61 tambcls in its first year was expanded to 147 tambcls and involved over 4 000 persons In other areas of activity the Divisicn was similarly involved between Cctober 1966 and September 1967 800 Village Security Officars were given Cpecialized training for service in areas of extreme insurgent activity regular and special courses to increase the administrative competence and to reshydirect program activities to development work was given to Nei

Lmphurs members of Sapa Changwats Paladt1mphurs for rural development Palad nmphnrs for security and changwat functional officers lItogether some 3 000 persons received training in these courses during the year In additicn a special course was repeated between August 14 and Ncvember 11 1966 in Naldon Phonomn Province to instruct all gcvernment officers concerning ccuntershyinsurgency activities During the year the third grout of new NaiAnphurs were graduated from the Nhi Lrphur Acdemy

55

CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Potable Water

A A regional field headquarters consisting of engineering design and drafting facilities cffices water laboratcry and warehouse has been constructed in Khcn Kaen which is centrally located in the

Ncrtheast Although the AampE end the Thei design engineers are

officed in Khon Kaen there is at least one field engineer and several

construction technicians in each province The design engineer and

the field engineer exchange pcsitions after a sufficient period of training in order that all engineers obtain experience in both design and construition work

B Standard dasigns have been developed for elevated tanks clear

wells pump hcuses and treatment plants Treatment plants of 1C

cum hr 20 cu m hr 30 carm hr and 50 cnm hr capacity

have been designed The drawings are numbered in such a manner that they can be interchanged and incorporated into designs for communities having a population suitable for the appropriate preshydetermined size

C In developing these designs the Thai and American engineers work together and in this way on-the-job training is given to the inexperienced engineers Training of construction technicians is tazried cut at the ccnstruction sites Formal lectures are given by both Thai an--d American engineers

D Five Thai engineers have been sent to the United States fcur for one years graduate academic training and one for specialist training Eight engineers attended a two-month course at the SELTC Graduate School of Engineering Eighteen have received thirdshycountry observational training in Taiwan

E A curriculum fcr water works operatcr training has been

developed and two plant operators ccurses have been given Onshy

the-jcb training is also carried out

56

- F A system for warehousing storage and distribution of commodities hLas just been completed Almost 2 million dollars (US) worth of commodities have been ordered and about oneshy

fourth of theoe commodities have arrived

G - Potable water systems serving twenty (20) ccmmunities have been completed Systems fcr 35 communities are under

construction and the target date for their completion is 1 Jantuary

1968 Fifty-seven (57) additional communities have been surveyed and bids are ready to be let on mcst of them Construction for these 57 communities is expected to be finiched by 1 July 1968 If this goal is attained the Potable Water Project will be on schedule

Private Sector Development

1 Introduction This project covers the advisory services provided by the staff members of the USOM Private Enterprise Division whose principal activity areas include the prcmeticn of private investrent accnomic instituticn building and economic

development financing Progress to date in each of these reas

is discussed below

2 Promotion of investment

A Investment Guaranty Program - Risk Insurance AID investment risk insurance ccverage for over $92 million has been issued for private American equity and loan capital investment in Thailand Cf this total $12 million is in extended risk coverage

for three different projects (discussed below) $36 million is for

convertibility risks $134 million for expropriation risks $104 million for war and related risks and $20 I milli on for combined expropriation-war risks

B Extended Risk Projects in Thailand

(1) Intercontinental Housing - $5 million fcr construction

of 817 low income twc- and three-bedroom houses First section

of 257 houses expected to be ccmpleted in February 1968 Conshystruction prcceeding at 0 67 hcuses per day Large backlog of buyers indicate contihued good sales outlook

57

(2) Siam Kraft Paper Prcject - $4 million for construction of integrated pulp and paper making plant whose total investment is expected to exceed $29 million Plant is now under constructicn and is expected to commence operations in early 1969

(3) Calabrian (Calthai) Farm Service Center Project - $3 million to construct farm service centers upcountry which will provide

storage facilities and make available to Thai farmers the equipment necessary for plowing planting cultivating harvesting shelling and drying corn This company recently built a modern 65 000 ton capacity grain elevator upcountry and it is now receiving corn shipments for storage drying and grading prior to export Additional

collection centers are planned for cther upccuntry prcvinces

3 Institution Building

A Ministry of Industry One PE advisor has been approved

by the Ministry for full time advisory services He will be located in the industrial and Economic Planning Cffice c a December 20

B Board cf Investment Cne PE advisor is working with BOI half time tc maintain close working relationship during and after Checchi contract close cut Main emphasis is assisting in revision of Promotion of Investment Law Additional PE staff assistance is made available when requested and available

C Coordinated Industry Survey Prcgram This programs principal objective is to develop RTG instituticnal capabilities through on-the-jcb training and advisory assistance in industrial research planning promotion and policy formulaticn Ministry of Industry and BOI participated in the first project which was a survey of the

Plastics Industry (ccmpletad in June 1967) and are actively working on the second project which is a Farm Machinery Survey

As a result of the Plastics Industry Survey the Ministry of Industry with help of BOI and USOM conducted a very successful seminar to bring together all elements of the local private business sector

and various interested government agencies fcr in-depth presentashy

tion and discussion of the survey

58

D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

47

Rector University of Medical Sciences Office cf the Prime Minister will visit the campus at Chapel Hill in North Carolina to hold further discussions To date no funds are available

for this project

Protein Food Development

1 Background It is a well-established fact that malnutrition

is common in remote rural areas of Thailand basically in the form

of vitamin and protein deficiencies

In simrple terms a way must be found to develcp an acceptable and

inexpensive high protein food to supplement the basic rice diet of

the rural population The development and consequent acceptance

of such a food product will have a marked counterinsurgency effect

on the most vulnerable target group

The solution cf the problem involves

A An evaluatic of nutritional ampeficiehciesand cccrdination

of program development

B The establishment of adequate research and develcpment

facilities in food technology in Thailand

C The development of a family of inexpensive high protein

foods to correct protein malnutrition particularly in pre-school

children

D Field testing of prototype food supplements in villages

for acceptability and nutritional value

E -Obtaining the interest of private industry in production and

marketing of acceptable food products on a commercial basis

2 Proposed USOM Program FY 68

- A Provide a direct hire nutrition advicor

B Approve the Shaefer-MayUniversity of Maryland

research proposal

48

C Establish a field testing area suitable for testing several different Prototype food supplements including commercially developed products

3 Progress to Date

It is expected that a team from AIDW7 will visit this Mission some time in December 1967 to finalize plans for this project

Population Planning

1 Background Thailands population growth rate of 3 31a per year is one cf the highest in the wcrld and a matter of growing concern to the Rcyal Thai Government For the past few years the Ministry cf Public Health in cooperaticn with the Population Council Thai Medical Schools USOM and other private agencies has been conducting operational research in family planning methods at various locations thrcughout Thailand

The Ministry of Public Health well aware of the populaticn grcwth rate and its implications has decided that the time has come to broaden the base of these various research projects into an expanding three-year program of family planning service using the existing facilities and personnel of the Department of Public Health and the Department of Medical Services This project in the absence of an expressed naticnal policy will be carried 6 ut within the Ministry as an extension of maternal and child health services

This project will be coordinated by a committee at the ministerial level with Dr Sombun Phong-Akera Under-Eecretary as the project director and chairman of the ccrnmittee Four subshycommittees have been formed tc carry on the project activities They are (1) Services within the Depaitment of Health (2) Evaluation within the Office of the Under-Secretary of State for Public Health (3) Training within the Department of Health And (4) Research within the Department of Medical Services

2 Progress tc Date Previous efforts of the Ministry cf Public Health and ccoperating agencies in family planning have met with marked success Clinics were established for the insertion of intra-uterine devices (I U D0 ) and evaluations made of their acceptance Other contraceptive methods have been studied and tested which include the Pill and hormone injections To date the Pill as well as the I UD has had wide acceptance amcngst

49

Thai wcmen

In FY 67 USCM provided medical equipment for 40 family planning clinics and assisted in the training of 15 doctors There are now 31 hospitals in 28 provinces which have recently completed a total of 10 611 IUD insertions These combined with insertions accomplished in earlier established clinics will total 75 000 women It is estimated that in excess of 100 000 women are taking the Pill on a regular basis

3 The FY 68 Ministry of Public Health Program Gperationshyally the area of coverage will extend to 16 provinces They are Korat Buriram Sisaket Surin Wool Udorn Nong Khai Loey Chamrphon Aycthya Chaiyaphum Pattani Nakhon Sri Thammarat Yale Narathiwat and Pattalung

The population of this area is approximately 6 5 million of which is estimated that 12 or 780 000 females are within the fertile age group of 20-44 years of age By July 1968 it is expected an additional 50 000 femralec not now covered by existing programs will have accepted a contraceptive means on a regular basis

Ten in-service training courses are programmed for this fiscal year commencing in January 1968 One hundred dcctcro will be trained in three courses and 120 nursee and 700 ddwives will be trained in seven courses

Ninety-four clinics for I UD insertions will be established in hospitals and health centers in the 16 province areas during the fiscal year Services for advice and provision of the Pill will extend to all health and midwifery centers at the tambol and village level

Regular budget appropriation will be used for the salaries of personnel involved in this program A counterpart budget cf 450 000 beht will need to be negotiated with the Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation

4 The FY 69 and FY 70 Ministry of Public Health Program The prcgram calls for the rapid broadening of the services base to an additional 15 provinces covering 120 000 women in FY 69 and 15 additional provinces in FY 70 covering 250 000 women

r

50

INSTITUTIONampL DZVSLCPIvENT

Community Development

1 as of the end of RTG 2511 (September 30 1967) 91 area coverage piojects have been established in 27 changwats USO1M has provided audic-visual equipment and transportaticn to each of these anphurs In addition audio-visual support has been provided to three cf the four regicnal training centers

2 The Community Development Department offers both preshyservice and in-service training to Community Development personnel In FY 67 the following personnel received training

A 331 Village Organizers were recruited and received 6 months pre-service training

B The follcwing received in- service training

(1) 117 CD Wcrkers (2) 150 CD WAY Workers (3) 108 CD Supervisors (4) 60 CD Trainers

3 Village leadership development calls for continued attention to village leader training and develcpment with increased emphasis on the development cf attitudes and abilities of the peonle tc prepare them to accept the responsibility of their own develcpment and to carry a larger share of the burden cf their own security As of the end of FY 2511 (September 30 1967) villagers had received training as follows

A 12 000 (Men) Leadership Training B 3 600 (Women) Leadership Training C 3 540 Occupational Training D 1 200 Recreational Training E 1 400 Tambon Development Committee Training

These villagers represent over 4 000 villages in 68 amphurs of 27 changwats

51

3 Opecial training for the following was provided in FY 67

A Acadermic 6 B Short Term Study Tour 4 C Gbservtion Tours 23 Village leaders

22 Village organizers 11 Women leaders 33 CD Trainers 11 CD Changwat amp Amnphur Officers

4 In FY 67 S 16 million was spent on village self-help and occupational promotional projacts Villagers contributed labor and local materials valued at 60 of RTG contributions A total of 1 651 prcjocts were ccmpleted using Community Development Department grants An additional 519 projects were ccmpleted without CD Department grantE bringing the self-help total to 2 170 Continued emphasis will be placed on village celf-help projects Over $ 17 million has been budgeted fcr the program in FY 68

Civil Service

The services provided under a contract with the State cf California 4(initiated in FY 1966) will complets asnrvev c pr nc ah

in all of the ministriesspecial first second and third gre10 and departments vricr to -June 1968 At that time the results

of the survey will be reviewed with the Prime Minister and Council

of Ministers and subject to their apprcval the institution of a

classification syotcom will caInnuncc

First emphasis will be given to these ministries concerned with

development activities in Northeastern Thailand At the same time a survey of pcsitions in the fcurth grade will be undertaken and tests and techniques for testing will be introduced into the

personnel administration system for the selecticn and placement

of employees It is also expected that the existing Civil Service

Law will be revised and presented for legislative approval some

time during 1968

52

Labor

This project which was initiated in response to a request from the

RTG became active with the arrival of an advisor in Labor Department

Administration early in 1967 and with the addition of an Employment Service Kdviscr in July 1967 These advisors have concentrate-1 on the development or improvement of regulations affecting labor usage labor standards and safety with pFrticular reference to broadening a regulatory capability within the Labor Department and to the expansicn of employment service ctivities into Northeastern Thailand This latter function is intended to classify workers coming from the rural areas into the urban complexes to determine

training requirements and to assist in job placerrent

Management Improvement

This project wzich has been continuously concerned with establishing an crganizaticn and methods servicing capability within the Budget Bureau And to establish the Bureau as the principal management crganization for the government has during the pact year completed

insofar as possible these parts of its activities relating to the

organizaticn and functions of the Highway Department the iAnistry of Agriculture and the training of GampM technicians within the Budget Bureau itself

During the year reccmmendations for major changes in the Ministry of Education also were formalized and initial steps were taken to implement scrre of these recommendations and several detailed studies were undertaken looking for the improvement of the organization established to administer the accelerated rural development program in the Office of the Prime Minister

With the diminution of CampM activities the project has turned its

attention to enhancing budget administration and the auditing function of the gcvernment It is expected that during the remainder of the project through fiscal year 1969 attention will be devoted almost exclusively to these areas

53

Statistical Services

Advisory services are provided to the National Statistics Office for two brcad categories of activity the use of statistical techniques and the standardizaticn of the statistical practices throughout the government and the operation of a data processing center In the past several years major emphasis had been directed toward establishing basic capnhilitios within the RTG to standardize statistical methodology in such areas as crop estimtation measurement of price changes census of population industry and business etc Emphasis was alac placed on strengthening the academic capability

in the universities to ensure the development of specialized technicians and managers

Attention to this area is new diminishing and during the last year the enlargement and capability to use the data processing center has received first pricrity In addition to the existing IBM 1401 an IBM 360 was installed and two advisoro in the specialized

utilization of this equipment were provided through the US Bureau of the Census to train operators and to assist in broadening the utilization of the center by all of the agencies of the RTG In addition an advisor cn samipling and surveying techniques has been added and special efforts are being made to accertain the attitudes

c the population tcward developmental objectives as well as problems attending insurgency Both of these areas are essential

to objective development programmings

Local Governrent Administration

As in past years this project has concentrated on enhancing the

capability of the Ministry of Interior to improve the administration of naticnal programs at the province and rural levels and especially to facilitate the initiation and conduct of developmental work in the rural areas in response to the needs of the people To this end the project has reviewed the organization and functions of the amphurs

and changwats throughout the Kingdom and has provided the Ministry with detailed recommendations calling fcr simplificaticn cf adminisshytrative and financial activities for the improverrment of personnel administration and for the creation of new organization elements intended to deal particularly with the development activities the involvement of villages in lccal gcvernment and the discharge cf self-protection responsibilities at the village level

54

Local Government In-Service Training

Progress in this project is reflected by the degree to which the Training Division of the Department of Local Administration increases the scope and variety of training activities During the past year the Developing Democracy Program which had been carried cut in 61 tambcls in its first year was expanded to 147 tambcls and involved over 4 000 persons In other areas of activity the Divisicn was similarly involved between Cctober 1966 and September 1967 800 Village Security Officars were given Cpecialized training for service in areas of extreme insurgent activity regular and special courses to increase the administrative competence and to reshydirect program activities to development work was given to Nei

Lmphurs members of Sapa Changwats Paladt1mphurs for rural development Palad nmphnrs for security and changwat functional officers lItogether some 3 000 persons received training in these courses during the year In additicn a special course was repeated between August 14 and Ncvember 11 1966 in Naldon Phonomn Province to instruct all gcvernment officers concerning ccuntershyinsurgency activities During the year the third grout of new NaiAnphurs were graduated from the Nhi Lrphur Acdemy

55

CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Potable Water

A A regional field headquarters consisting of engineering design and drafting facilities cffices water laboratcry and warehouse has been constructed in Khcn Kaen which is centrally located in the

Ncrtheast Although the AampE end the Thei design engineers are

officed in Khon Kaen there is at least one field engineer and several

construction technicians in each province The design engineer and

the field engineer exchange pcsitions after a sufficient period of training in order that all engineers obtain experience in both design and construition work

B Standard dasigns have been developed for elevated tanks clear

wells pump hcuses and treatment plants Treatment plants of 1C

cum hr 20 cu m hr 30 carm hr and 50 cnm hr capacity

have been designed The drawings are numbered in such a manner that they can be interchanged and incorporated into designs for communities having a population suitable for the appropriate preshydetermined size

C In developing these designs the Thai and American engineers work together and in this way on-the-job training is given to the inexperienced engineers Training of construction technicians is tazried cut at the ccnstruction sites Formal lectures are given by both Thai an--d American engineers

D Five Thai engineers have been sent to the United States fcur for one years graduate academic training and one for specialist training Eight engineers attended a two-month course at the SELTC Graduate School of Engineering Eighteen have received thirdshycountry observational training in Taiwan

E A curriculum fcr water works operatcr training has been

developed and two plant operators ccurses have been given Onshy

the-jcb training is also carried out

56

- F A system for warehousing storage and distribution of commodities hLas just been completed Almost 2 million dollars (US) worth of commodities have been ordered and about oneshy

fourth of theoe commodities have arrived

G - Potable water systems serving twenty (20) ccmmunities have been completed Systems fcr 35 communities are under

construction and the target date for their completion is 1 Jantuary

1968 Fifty-seven (57) additional communities have been surveyed and bids are ready to be let on mcst of them Construction for these 57 communities is expected to be finiched by 1 July 1968 If this goal is attained the Potable Water Project will be on schedule

Private Sector Development

1 Introduction This project covers the advisory services provided by the staff members of the USOM Private Enterprise Division whose principal activity areas include the prcmeticn of private investrent accnomic instituticn building and economic

development financing Progress to date in each of these reas

is discussed below

2 Promotion of investment

A Investment Guaranty Program - Risk Insurance AID investment risk insurance ccverage for over $92 million has been issued for private American equity and loan capital investment in Thailand Cf this total $12 million is in extended risk coverage

for three different projects (discussed below) $36 million is for

convertibility risks $134 million for expropriation risks $104 million for war and related risks and $20 I milli on for combined expropriation-war risks

B Extended Risk Projects in Thailand

(1) Intercontinental Housing - $5 million fcr construction

of 817 low income twc- and three-bedroom houses First section

of 257 houses expected to be ccmpleted in February 1968 Conshystruction prcceeding at 0 67 hcuses per day Large backlog of buyers indicate contihued good sales outlook

57

(2) Siam Kraft Paper Prcject - $4 million for construction of integrated pulp and paper making plant whose total investment is expected to exceed $29 million Plant is now under constructicn and is expected to commence operations in early 1969

(3) Calabrian (Calthai) Farm Service Center Project - $3 million to construct farm service centers upcountry which will provide

storage facilities and make available to Thai farmers the equipment necessary for plowing planting cultivating harvesting shelling and drying corn This company recently built a modern 65 000 ton capacity grain elevator upcountry and it is now receiving corn shipments for storage drying and grading prior to export Additional

collection centers are planned for cther upccuntry prcvinces

3 Institution Building

A Ministry of Industry One PE advisor has been approved

by the Ministry for full time advisory services He will be located in the industrial and Economic Planning Cffice c a December 20

B Board cf Investment Cne PE advisor is working with BOI half time tc maintain close working relationship during and after Checchi contract close cut Main emphasis is assisting in revision of Promotion of Investment Law Additional PE staff assistance is made available when requested and available

C Coordinated Industry Survey Prcgram This programs principal objective is to develop RTG instituticnal capabilities through on-the-jcb training and advisory assistance in industrial research planning promotion and policy formulaticn Ministry of Industry and BOI participated in the first project which was a survey of the

Plastics Industry (ccmpletad in June 1967) and are actively working on the second project which is a Farm Machinery Survey

As a result of the Plastics Industry Survey the Ministry of Industry with help of BOI and USOM conducted a very successful seminar to bring together all elements of the local private business sector

and various interested government agencies fcr in-depth presentashy

tion and discussion of the survey

58

D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

48

C Establish a field testing area suitable for testing several different Prototype food supplements including commercially developed products

3 Progress to Date

It is expected that a team from AIDW7 will visit this Mission some time in December 1967 to finalize plans for this project

Population Planning

1 Background Thailands population growth rate of 3 31a per year is one cf the highest in the wcrld and a matter of growing concern to the Rcyal Thai Government For the past few years the Ministry cf Public Health in cooperaticn with the Population Council Thai Medical Schools USOM and other private agencies has been conducting operational research in family planning methods at various locations thrcughout Thailand

The Ministry of Public Health well aware of the populaticn grcwth rate and its implications has decided that the time has come to broaden the base of these various research projects into an expanding three-year program of family planning service using the existing facilities and personnel of the Department of Public Health and the Department of Medical Services This project in the absence of an expressed naticnal policy will be carried 6 ut within the Ministry as an extension of maternal and child health services

This project will be coordinated by a committee at the ministerial level with Dr Sombun Phong-Akera Under-Eecretary as the project director and chairman of the ccrnmittee Four subshycommittees have been formed tc carry on the project activities They are (1) Services within the Depaitment of Health (2) Evaluation within the Office of the Under-Secretary of State for Public Health (3) Training within the Department of Health And (4) Research within the Department of Medical Services

2 Progress tc Date Previous efforts of the Ministry cf Public Health and ccoperating agencies in family planning have met with marked success Clinics were established for the insertion of intra-uterine devices (I U D0 ) and evaluations made of their acceptance Other contraceptive methods have been studied and tested which include the Pill and hormone injections To date the Pill as well as the I UD has had wide acceptance amcngst

49

Thai wcmen

In FY 67 USCM provided medical equipment for 40 family planning clinics and assisted in the training of 15 doctors There are now 31 hospitals in 28 provinces which have recently completed a total of 10 611 IUD insertions These combined with insertions accomplished in earlier established clinics will total 75 000 women It is estimated that in excess of 100 000 women are taking the Pill on a regular basis

3 The FY 68 Ministry of Public Health Program Gperationshyally the area of coverage will extend to 16 provinces They are Korat Buriram Sisaket Surin Wool Udorn Nong Khai Loey Chamrphon Aycthya Chaiyaphum Pattani Nakhon Sri Thammarat Yale Narathiwat and Pattalung

The population of this area is approximately 6 5 million of which is estimated that 12 or 780 000 females are within the fertile age group of 20-44 years of age By July 1968 it is expected an additional 50 000 femralec not now covered by existing programs will have accepted a contraceptive means on a regular basis

Ten in-service training courses are programmed for this fiscal year commencing in January 1968 One hundred dcctcro will be trained in three courses and 120 nursee and 700 ddwives will be trained in seven courses

Ninety-four clinics for I UD insertions will be established in hospitals and health centers in the 16 province areas during the fiscal year Services for advice and provision of the Pill will extend to all health and midwifery centers at the tambol and village level

Regular budget appropriation will be used for the salaries of personnel involved in this program A counterpart budget cf 450 000 beht will need to be negotiated with the Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation

4 The FY 69 and FY 70 Ministry of Public Health Program The prcgram calls for the rapid broadening of the services base to an additional 15 provinces covering 120 000 women in FY 69 and 15 additional provinces in FY 70 covering 250 000 women

r

50

INSTITUTIONampL DZVSLCPIvENT

Community Development

1 as of the end of RTG 2511 (September 30 1967) 91 area coverage piojects have been established in 27 changwats USO1M has provided audic-visual equipment and transportaticn to each of these anphurs In addition audio-visual support has been provided to three cf the four regicnal training centers

2 The Community Development Department offers both preshyservice and in-service training to Community Development personnel In FY 67 the following personnel received training

A 331 Village Organizers were recruited and received 6 months pre-service training

B The follcwing received in- service training

(1) 117 CD Wcrkers (2) 150 CD WAY Workers (3) 108 CD Supervisors (4) 60 CD Trainers

3 Village leadership development calls for continued attention to village leader training and develcpment with increased emphasis on the development cf attitudes and abilities of the peonle tc prepare them to accept the responsibility of their own develcpment and to carry a larger share of the burden cf their own security As of the end of FY 2511 (September 30 1967) villagers had received training as follows

A 12 000 (Men) Leadership Training B 3 600 (Women) Leadership Training C 3 540 Occupational Training D 1 200 Recreational Training E 1 400 Tambon Development Committee Training

These villagers represent over 4 000 villages in 68 amphurs of 27 changwats

51

3 Opecial training for the following was provided in FY 67

A Acadermic 6 B Short Term Study Tour 4 C Gbservtion Tours 23 Village leaders

22 Village organizers 11 Women leaders 33 CD Trainers 11 CD Changwat amp Amnphur Officers

4 In FY 67 S 16 million was spent on village self-help and occupational promotional projacts Villagers contributed labor and local materials valued at 60 of RTG contributions A total of 1 651 prcjocts were ccmpleted using Community Development Department grants An additional 519 projects were ccmpleted without CD Department grantE bringing the self-help total to 2 170 Continued emphasis will be placed on village celf-help projects Over $ 17 million has been budgeted fcr the program in FY 68

Civil Service

The services provided under a contract with the State cf California 4(initiated in FY 1966) will complets asnrvev c pr nc ah

in all of the ministriesspecial first second and third gre10 and departments vricr to -June 1968 At that time the results

of the survey will be reviewed with the Prime Minister and Council

of Ministers and subject to their apprcval the institution of a

classification syotcom will caInnuncc

First emphasis will be given to these ministries concerned with

development activities in Northeastern Thailand At the same time a survey of pcsitions in the fcurth grade will be undertaken and tests and techniques for testing will be introduced into the

personnel administration system for the selecticn and placement

of employees It is also expected that the existing Civil Service

Law will be revised and presented for legislative approval some

time during 1968

52

Labor

This project which was initiated in response to a request from the

RTG became active with the arrival of an advisor in Labor Department

Administration early in 1967 and with the addition of an Employment Service Kdviscr in July 1967 These advisors have concentrate-1 on the development or improvement of regulations affecting labor usage labor standards and safety with pFrticular reference to broadening a regulatory capability within the Labor Department and to the expansicn of employment service ctivities into Northeastern Thailand This latter function is intended to classify workers coming from the rural areas into the urban complexes to determine

training requirements and to assist in job placerrent

Management Improvement

This project wzich has been continuously concerned with establishing an crganizaticn and methods servicing capability within the Budget Bureau And to establish the Bureau as the principal management crganization for the government has during the pact year completed

insofar as possible these parts of its activities relating to the

organizaticn and functions of the Highway Department the iAnistry of Agriculture and the training of GampM technicians within the Budget Bureau itself

During the year reccmmendations for major changes in the Ministry of Education also were formalized and initial steps were taken to implement scrre of these recommendations and several detailed studies were undertaken looking for the improvement of the organization established to administer the accelerated rural development program in the Office of the Prime Minister

With the diminution of CampM activities the project has turned its

attention to enhancing budget administration and the auditing function of the gcvernment It is expected that during the remainder of the project through fiscal year 1969 attention will be devoted almost exclusively to these areas

53

Statistical Services

Advisory services are provided to the National Statistics Office for two brcad categories of activity the use of statistical techniques and the standardizaticn of the statistical practices throughout the government and the operation of a data processing center In the past several years major emphasis had been directed toward establishing basic capnhilitios within the RTG to standardize statistical methodology in such areas as crop estimtation measurement of price changes census of population industry and business etc Emphasis was alac placed on strengthening the academic capability

in the universities to ensure the development of specialized technicians and managers

Attention to this area is new diminishing and during the last year the enlargement and capability to use the data processing center has received first pricrity In addition to the existing IBM 1401 an IBM 360 was installed and two advisoro in the specialized

utilization of this equipment were provided through the US Bureau of the Census to train operators and to assist in broadening the utilization of the center by all of the agencies of the RTG In addition an advisor cn samipling and surveying techniques has been added and special efforts are being made to accertain the attitudes

c the population tcward developmental objectives as well as problems attending insurgency Both of these areas are essential

to objective development programmings

Local Governrent Administration

As in past years this project has concentrated on enhancing the

capability of the Ministry of Interior to improve the administration of naticnal programs at the province and rural levels and especially to facilitate the initiation and conduct of developmental work in the rural areas in response to the needs of the people To this end the project has reviewed the organization and functions of the amphurs

and changwats throughout the Kingdom and has provided the Ministry with detailed recommendations calling fcr simplificaticn cf adminisshytrative and financial activities for the improverrment of personnel administration and for the creation of new organization elements intended to deal particularly with the development activities the involvement of villages in lccal gcvernment and the discharge cf self-protection responsibilities at the village level

54

Local Government In-Service Training

Progress in this project is reflected by the degree to which the Training Division of the Department of Local Administration increases the scope and variety of training activities During the past year the Developing Democracy Program which had been carried cut in 61 tambcls in its first year was expanded to 147 tambcls and involved over 4 000 persons In other areas of activity the Divisicn was similarly involved between Cctober 1966 and September 1967 800 Village Security Officars were given Cpecialized training for service in areas of extreme insurgent activity regular and special courses to increase the administrative competence and to reshydirect program activities to development work was given to Nei

Lmphurs members of Sapa Changwats Paladt1mphurs for rural development Palad nmphnrs for security and changwat functional officers lItogether some 3 000 persons received training in these courses during the year In additicn a special course was repeated between August 14 and Ncvember 11 1966 in Naldon Phonomn Province to instruct all gcvernment officers concerning ccuntershyinsurgency activities During the year the third grout of new NaiAnphurs were graduated from the Nhi Lrphur Acdemy

55

CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Potable Water

A A regional field headquarters consisting of engineering design and drafting facilities cffices water laboratcry and warehouse has been constructed in Khcn Kaen which is centrally located in the

Ncrtheast Although the AampE end the Thei design engineers are

officed in Khon Kaen there is at least one field engineer and several

construction technicians in each province The design engineer and

the field engineer exchange pcsitions after a sufficient period of training in order that all engineers obtain experience in both design and construition work

B Standard dasigns have been developed for elevated tanks clear

wells pump hcuses and treatment plants Treatment plants of 1C

cum hr 20 cu m hr 30 carm hr and 50 cnm hr capacity

have been designed The drawings are numbered in such a manner that they can be interchanged and incorporated into designs for communities having a population suitable for the appropriate preshydetermined size

C In developing these designs the Thai and American engineers work together and in this way on-the-job training is given to the inexperienced engineers Training of construction technicians is tazried cut at the ccnstruction sites Formal lectures are given by both Thai an--d American engineers

D Five Thai engineers have been sent to the United States fcur for one years graduate academic training and one for specialist training Eight engineers attended a two-month course at the SELTC Graduate School of Engineering Eighteen have received thirdshycountry observational training in Taiwan

E A curriculum fcr water works operatcr training has been

developed and two plant operators ccurses have been given Onshy

the-jcb training is also carried out

56

- F A system for warehousing storage and distribution of commodities hLas just been completed Almost 2 million dollars (US) worth of commodities have been ordered and about oneshy

fourth of theoe commodities have arrived

G - Potable water systems serving twenty (20) ccmmunities have been completed Systems fcr 35 communities are under

construction and the target date for their completion is 1 Jantuary

1968 Fifty-seven (57) additional communities have been surveyed and bids are ready to be let on mcst of them Construction for these 57 communities is expected to be finiched by 1 July 1968 If this goal is attained the Potable Water Project will be on schedule

Private Sector Development

1 Introduction This project covers the advisory services provided by the staff members of the USOM Private Enterprise Division whose principal activity areas include the prcmeticn of private investrent accnomic instituticn building and economic

development financing Progress to date in each of these reas

is discussed below

2 Promotion of investment

A Investment Guaranty Program - Risk Insurance AID investment risk insurance ccverage for over $92 million has been issued for private American equity and loan capital investment in Thailand Cf this total $12 million is in extended risk coverage

for three different projects (discussed below) $36 million is for

convertibility risks $134 million for expropriation risks $104 million for war and related risks and $20 I milli on for combined expropriation-war risks

B Extended Risk Projects in Thailand

(1) Intercontinental Housing - $5 million fcr construction

of 817 low income twc- and three-bedroom houses First section

of 257 houses expected to be ccmpleted in February 1968 Conshystruction prcceeding at 0 67 hcuses per day Large backlog of buyers indicate contihued good sales outlook

57

(2) Siam Kraft Paper Prcject - $4 million for construction of integrated pulp and paper making plant whose total investment is expected to exceed $29 million Plant is now under constructicn and is expected to commence operations in early 1969

(3) Calabrian (Calthai) Farm Service Center Project - $3 million to construct farm service centers upcountry which will provide

storage facilities and make available to Thai farmers the equipment necessary for plowing planting cultivating harvesting shelling and drying corn This company recently built a modern 65 000 ton capacity grain elevator upcountry and it is now receiving corn shipments for storage drying and grading prior to export Additional

collection centers are planned for cther upccuntry prcvinces

3 Institution Building

A Ministry of Industry One PE advisor has been approved

by the Ministry for full time advisory services He will be located in the industrial and Economic Planning Cffice c a December 20

B Board cf Investment Cne PE advisor is working with BOI half time tc maintain close working relationship during and after Checchi contract close cut Main emphasis is assisting in revision of Promotion of Investment Law Additional PE staff assistance is made available when requested and available

C Coordinated Industry Survey Prcgram This programs principal objective is to develop RTG instituticnal capabilities through on-the-jcb training and advisory assistance in industrial research planning promotion and policy formulaticn Ministry of Industry and BOI participated in the first project which was a survey of the

Plastics Industry (ccmpletad in June 1967) and are actively working on the second project which is a Farm Machinery Survey

As a result of the Plastics Industry Survey the Ministry of Industry with help of BOI and USOM conducted a very successful seminar to bring together all elements of the local private business sector

and various interested government agencies fcr in-depth presentashy

tion and discussion of the survey

58

D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

49

Thai wcmen

In FY 67 USCM provided medical equipment for 40 family planning clinics and assisted in the training of 15 doctors There are now 31 hospitals in 28 provinces which have recently completed a total of 10 611 IUD insertions These combined with insertions accomplished in earlier established clinics will total 75 000 women It is estimated that in excess of 100 000 women are taking the Pill on a regular basis

3 The FY 68 Ministry of Public Health Program Gperationshyally the area of coverage will extend to 16 provinces They are Korat Buriram Sisaket Surin Wool Udorn Nong Khai Loey Chamrphon Aycthya Chaiyaphum Pattani Nakhon Sri Thammarat Yale Narathiwat and Pattalung

The population of this area is approximately 6 5 million of which is estimated that 12 or 780 000 females are within the fertile age group of 20-44 years of age By July 1968 it is expected an additional 50 000 femralec not now covered by existing programs will have accepted a contraceptive means on a regular basis

Ten in-service training courses are programmed for this fiscal year commencing in January 1968 One hundred dcctcro will be trained in three courses and 120 nursee and 700 ddwives will be trained in seven courses

Ninety-four clinics for I UD insertions will be established in hospitals and health centers in the 16 province areas during the fiscal year Services for advice and provision of the Pill will extend to all health and midwifery centers at the tambol and village level

Regular budget appropriation will be used for the salaries of personnel involved in this program A counterpart budget cf 450 000 beht will need to be negotiated with the Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation

4 The FY 69 and FY 70 Ministry of Public Health Program The prcgram calls for the rapid broadening of the services base to an additional 15 provinces covering 120 000 women in FY 69 and 15 additional provinces in FY 70 covering 250 000 women

r

50

INSTITUTIONampL DZVSLCPIvENT

Community Development

1 as of the end of RTG 2511 (September 30 1967) 91 area coverage piojects have been established in 27 changwats USO1M has provided audic-visual equipment and transportaticn to each of these anphurs In addition audio-visual support has been provided to three cf the four regicnal training centers

2 The Community Development Department offers both preshyservice and in-service training to Community Development personnel In FY 67 the following personnel received training

A 331 Village Organizers were recruited and received 6 months pre-service training

B The follcwing received in- service training

(1) 117 CD Wcrkers (2) 150 CD WAY Workers (3) 108 CD Supervisors (4) 60 CD Trainers

3 Village leadership development calls for continued attention to village leader training and develcpment with increased emphasis on the development cf attitudes and abilities of the peonle tc prepare them to accept the responsibility of their own develcpment and to carry a larger share of the burden cf their own security As of the end of FY 2511 (September 30 1967) villagers had received training as follows

A 12 000 (Men) Leadership Training B 3 600 (Women) Leadership Training C 3 540 Occupational Training D 1 200 Recreational Training E 1 400 Tambon Development Committee Training

These villagers represent over 4 000 villages in 68 amphurs of 27 changwats

51

3 Opecial training for the following was provided in FY 67

A Acadermic 6 B Short Term Study Tour 4 C Gbservtion Tours 23 Village leaders

22 Village organizers 11 Women leaders 33 CD Trainers 11 CD Changwat amp Amnphur Officers

4 In FY 67 S 16 million was spent on village self-help and occupational promotional projacts Villagers contributed labor and local materials valued at 60 of RTG contributions A total of 1 651 prcjocts were ccmpleted using Community Development Department grants An additional 519 projects were ccmpleted without CD Department grantE bringing the self-help total to 2 170 Continued emphasis will be placed on village celf-help projects Over $ 17 million has been budgeted fcr the program in FY 68

Civil Service

The services provided under a contract with the State cf California 4(initiated in FY 1966) will complets asnrvev c pr nc ah

in all of the ministriesspecial first second and third gre10 and departments vricr to -June 1968 At that time the results

of the survey will be reviewed with the Prime Minister and Council

of Ministers and subject to their apprcval the institution of a

classification syotcom will caInnuncc

First emphasis will be given to these ministries concerned with

development activities in Northeastern Thailand At the same time a survey of pcsitions in the fcurth grade will be undertaken and tests and techniques for testing will be introduced into the

personnel administration system for the selecticn and placement

of employees It is also expected that the existing Civil Service

Law will be revised and presented for legislative approval some

time during 1968

52

Labor

This project which was initiated in response to a request from the

RTG became active with the arrival of an advisor in Labor Department

Administration early in 1967 and with the addition of an Employment Service Kdviscr in July 1967 These advisors have concentrate-1 on the development or improvement of regulations affecting labor usage labor standards and safety with pFrticular reference to broadening a regulatory capability within the Labor Department and to the expansicn of employment service ctivities into Northeastern Thailand This latter function is intended to classify workers coming from the rural areas into the urban complexes to determine

training requirements and to assist in job placerrent

Management Improvement

This project wzich has been continuously concerned with establishing an crganizaticn and methods servicing capability within the Budget Bureau And to establish the Bureau as the principal management crganization for the government has during the pact year completed

insofar as possible these parts of its activities relating to the

organizaticn and functions of the Highway Department the iAnistry of Agriculture and the training of GampM technicians within the Budget Bureau itself

During the year reccmmendations for major changes in the Ministry of Education also were formalized and initial steps were taken to implement scrre of these recommendations and several detailed studies were undertaken looking for the improvement of the organization established to administer the accelerated rural development program in the Office of the Prime Minister

With the diminution of CampM activities the project has turned its

attention to enhancing budget administration and the auditing function of the gcvernment It is expected that during the remainder of the project through fiscal year 1969 attention will be devoted almost exclusively to these areas

53

Statistical Services

Advisory services are provided to the National Statistics Office for two brcad categories of activity the use of statistical techniques and the standardizaticn of the statistical practices throughout the government and the operation of a data processing center In the past several years major emphasis had been directed toward establishing basic capnhilitios within the RTG to standardize statistical methodology in such areas as crop estimtation measurement of price changes census of population industry and business etc Emphasis was alac placed on strengthening the academic capability

in the universities to ensure the development of specialized technicians and managers

Attention to this area is new diminishing and during the last year the enlargement and capability to use the data processing center has received first pricrity In addition to the existing IBM 1401 an IBM 360 was installed and two advisoro in the specialized

utilization of this equipment were provided through the US Bureau of the Census to train operators and to assist in broadening the utilization of the center by all of the agencies of the RTG In addition an advisor cn samipling and surveying techniques has been added and special efforts are being made to accertain the attitudes

c the population tcward developmental objectives as well as problems attending insurgency Both of these areas are essential

to objective development programmings

Local Governrent Administration

As in past years this project has concentrated on enhancing the

capability of the Ministry of Interior to improve the administration of naticnal programs at the province and rural levels and especially to facilitate the initiation and conduct of developmental work in the rural areas in response to the needs of the people To this end the project has reviewed the organization and functions of the amphurs

and changwats throughout the Kingdom and has provided the Ministry with detailed recommendations calling fcr simplificaticn cf adminisshytrative and financial activities for the improverrment of personnel administration and for the creation of new organization elements intended to deal particularly with the development activities the involvement of villages in lccal gcvernment and the discharge cf self-protection responsibilities at the village level

54

Local Government In-Service Training

Progress in this project is reflected by the degree to which the Training Division of the Department of Local Administration increases the scope and variety of training activities During the past year the Developing Democracy Program which had been carried cut in 61 tambcls in its first year was expanded to 147 tambcls and involved over 4 000 persons In other areas of activity the Divisicn was similarly involved between Cctober 1966 and September 1967 800 Village Security Officars were given Cpecialized training for service in areas of extreme insurgent activity regular and special courses to increase the administrative competence and to reshydirect program activities to development work was given to Nei

Lmphurs members of Sapa Changwats Paladt1mphurs for rural development Palad nmphnrs for security and changwat functional officers lItogether some 3 000 persons received training in these courses during the year In additicn a special course was repeated between August 14 and Ncvember 11 1966 in Naldon Phonomn Province to instruct all gcvernment officers concerning ccuntershyinsurgency activities During the year the third grout of new NaiAnphurs were graduated from the Nhi Lrphur Acdemy

55

CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Potable Water

A A regional field headquarters consisting of engineering design and drafting facilities cffices water laboratcry and warehouse has been constructed in Khcn Kaen which is centrally located in the

Ncrtheast Although the AampE end the Thei design engineers are

officed in Khon Kaen there is at least one field engineer and several

construction technicians in each province The design engineer and

the field engineer exchange pcsitions after a sufficient period of training in order that all engineers obtain experience in both design and construition work

B Standard dasigns have been developed for elevated tanks clear

wells pump hcuses and treatment plants Treatment plants of 1C

cum hr 20 cu m hr 30 carm hr and 50 cnm hr capacity

have been designed The drawings are numbered in such a manner that they can be interchanged and incorporated into designs for communities having a population suitable for the appropriate preshydetermined size

C In developing these designs the Thai and American engineers work together and in this way on-the-job training is given to the inexperienced engineers Training of construction technicians is tazried cut at the ccnstruction sites Formal lectures are given by both Thai an--d American engineers

D Five Thai engineers have been sent to the United States fcur for one years graduate academic training and one for specialist training Eight engineers attended a two-month course at the SELTC Graduate School of Engineering Eighteen have received thirdshycountry observational training in Taiwan

E A curriculum fcr water works operatcr training has been

developed and two plant operators ccurses have been given Onshy

the-jcb training is also carried out

56

- F A system for warehousing storage and distribution of commodities hLas just been completed Almost 2 million dollars (US) worth of commodities have been ordered and about oneshy

fourth of theoe commodities have arrived

G - Potable water systems serving twenty (20) ccmmunities have been completed Systems fcr 35 communities are under

construction and the target date for their completion is 1 Jantuary

1968 Fifty-seven (57) additional communities have been surveyed and bids are ready to be let on mcst of them Construction for these 57 communities is expected to be finiched by 1 July 1968 If this goal is attained the Potable Water Project will be on schedule

Private Sector Development

1 Introduction This project covers the advisory services provided by the staff members of the USOM Private Enterprise Division whose principal activity areas include the prcmeticn of private investrent accnomic instituticn building and economic

development financing Progress to date in each of these reas

is discussed below

2 Promotion of investment

A Investment Guaranty Program - Risk Insurance AID investment risk insurance ccverage for over $92 million has been issued for private American equity and loan capital investment in Thailand Cf this total $12 million is in extended risk coverage

for three different projects (discussed below) $36 million is for

convertibility risks $134 million for expropriation risks $104 million for war and related risks and $20 I milli on for combined expropriation-war risks

B Extended Risk Projects in Thailand

(1) Intercontinental Housing - $5 million fcr construction

of 817 low income twc- and three-bedroom houses First section

of 257 houses expected to be ccmpleted in February 1968 Conshystruction prcceeding at 0 67 hcuses per day Large backlog of buyers indicate contihued good sales outlook

57

(2) Siam Kraft Paper Prcject - $4 million for construction of integrated pulp and paper making plant whose total investment is expected to exceed $29 million Plant is now under constructicn and is expected to commence operations in early 1969

(3) Calabrian (Calthai) Farm Service Center Project - $3 million to construct farm service centers upcountry which will provide

storage facilities and make available to Thai farmers the equipment necessary for plowing planting cultivating harvesting shelling and drying corn This company recently built a modern 65 000 ton capacity grain elevator upcountry and it is now receiving corn shipments for storage drying and grading prior to export Additional

collection centers are planned for cther upccuntry prcvinces

3 Institution Building

A Ministry of Industry One PE advisor has been approved

by the Ministry for full time advisory services He will be located in the industrial and Economic Planning Cffice c a December 20

B Board cf Investment Cne PE advisor is working with BOI half time tc maintain close working relationship during and after Checchi contract close cut Main emphasis is assisting in revision of Promotion of Investment Law Additional PE staff assistance is made available when requested and available

C Coordinated Industry Survey Prcgram This programs principal objective is to develop RTG instituticnal capabilities through on-the-jcb training and advisory assistance in industrial research planning promotion and policy formulaticn Ministry of Industry and BOI participated in the first project which was a survey of the

Plastics Industry (ccmpletad in June 1967) and are actively working on the second project which is a Farm Machinery Survey

As a result of the Plastics Industry Survey the Ministry of Industry with help of BOI and USOM conducted a very successful seminar to bring together all elements of the local private business sector

and various interested government agencies fcr in-depth presentashy

tion and discussion of the survey

58

D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

50

INSTITUTIONampL DZVSLCPIvENT

Community Development

1 as of the end of RTG 2511 (September 30 1967) 91 area coverage piojects have been established in 27 changwats USO1M has provided audic-visual equipment and transportaticn to each of these anphurs In addition audio-visual support has been provided to three cf the four regicnal training centers

2 The Community Development Department offers both preshyservice and in-service training to Community Development personnel In FY 67 the following personnel received training

A 331 Village Organizers were recruited and received 6 months pre-service training

B The follcwing received in- service training

(1) 117 CD Wcrkers (2) 150 CD WAY Workers (3) 108 CD Supervisors (4) 60 CD Trainers

3 Village leadership development calls for continued attention to village leader training and develcpment with increased emphasis on the development cf attitudes and abilities of the peonle tc prepare them to accept the responsibility of their own develcpment and to carry a larger share of the burden cf their own security As of the end of FY 2511 (September 30 1967) villagers had received training as follows

A 12 000 (Men) Leadership Training B 3 600 (Women) Leadership Training C 3 540 Occupational Training D 1 200 Recreational Training E 1 400 Tambon Development Committee Training

These villagers represent over 4 000 villages in 68 amphurs of 27 changwats

51

3 Opecial training for the following was provided in FY 67

A Acadermic 6 B Short Term Study Tour 4 C Gbservtion Tours 23 Village leaders

22 Village organizers 11 Women leaders 33 CD Trainers 11 CD Changwat amp Amnphur Officers

4 In FY 67 S 16 million was spent on village self-help and occupational promotional projacts Villagers contributed labor and local materials valued at 60 of RTG contributions A total of 1 651 prcjocts were ccmpleted using Community Development Department grants An additional 519 projects were ccmpleted without CD Department grantE bringing the self-help total to 2 170 Continued emphasis will be placed on village celf-help projects Over $ 17 million has been budgeted fcr the program in FY 68

Civil Service

The services provided under a contract with the State cf California 4(initiated in FY 1966) will complets asnrvev c pr nc ah

in all of the ministriesspecial first second and third gre10 and departments vricr to -June 1968 At that time the results

of the survey will be reviewed with the Prime Minister and Council

of Ministers and subject to their apprcval the institution of a

classification syotcom will caInnuncc

First emphasis will be given to these ministries concerned with

development activities in Northeastern Thailand At the same time a survey of pcsitions in the fcurth grade will be undertaken and tests and techniques for testing will be introduced into the

personnel administration system for the selecticn and placement

of employees It is also expected that the existing Civil Service

Law will be revised and presented for legislative approval some

time during 1968

52

Labor

This project which was initiated in response to a request from the

RTG became active with the arrival of an advisor in Labor Department

Administration early in 1967 and with the addition of an Employment Service Kdviscr in July 1967 These advisors have concentrate-1 on the development or improvement of regulations affecting labor usage labor standards and safety with pFrticular reference to broadening a regulatory capability within the Labor Department and to the expansicn of employment service ctivities into Northeastern Thailand This latter function is intended to classify workers coming from the rural areas into the urban complexes to determine

training requirements and to assist in job placerrent

Management Improvement

This project wzich has been continuously concerned with establishing an crganizaticn and methods servicing capability within the Budget Bureau And to establish the Bureau as the principal management crganization for the government has during the pact year completed

insofar as possible these parts of its activities relating to the

organizaticn and functions of the Highway Department the iAnistry of Agriculture and the training of GampM technicians within the Budget Bureau itself

During the year reccmmendations for major changes in the Ministry of Education also were formalized and initial steps were taken to implement scrre of these recommendations and several detailed studies were undertaken looking for the improvement of the organization established to administer the accelerated rural development program in the Office of the Prime Minister

With the diminution of CampM activities the project has turned its

attention to enhancing budget administration and the auditing function of the gcvernment It is expected that during the remainder of the project through fiscal year 1969 attention will be devoted almost exclusively to these areas

53

Statistical Services

Advisory services are provided to the National Statistics Office for two brcad categories of activity the use of statistical techniques and the standardizaticn of the statistical practices throughout the government and the operation of a data processing center In the past several years major emphasis had been directed toward establishing basic capnhilitios within the RTG to standardize statistical methodology in such areas as crop estimtation measurement of price changes census of population industry and business etc Emphasis was alac placed on strengthening the academic capability

in the universities to ensure the development of specialized technicians and managers

Attention to this area is new diminishing and during the last year the enlargement and capability to use the data processing center has received first pricrity In addition to the existing IBM 1401 an IBM 360 was installed and two advisoro in the specialized

utilization of this equipment were provided through the US Bureau of the Census to train operators and to assist in broadening the utilization of the center by all of the agencies of the RTG In addition an advisor cn samipling and surveying techniques has been added and special efforts are being made to accertain the attitudes

c the population tcward developmental objectives as well as problems attending insurgency Both of these areas are essential

to objective development programmings

Local Governrent Administration

As in past years this project has concentrated on enhancing the

capability of the Ministry of Interior to improve the administration of naticnal programs at the province and rural levels and especially to facilitate the initiation and conduct of developmental work in the rural areas in response to the needs of the people To this end the project has reviewed the organization and functions of the amphurs

and changwats throughout the Kingdom and has provided the Ministry with detailed recommendations calling fcr simplificaticn cf adminisshytrative and financial activities for the improverrment of personnel administration and for the creation of new organization elements intended to deal particularly with the development activities the involvement of villages in lccal gcvernment and the discharge cf self-protection responsibilities at the village level

54

Local Government In-Service Training

Progress in this project is reflected by the degree to which the Training Division of the Department of Local Administration increases the scope and variety of training activities During the past year the Developing Democracy Program which had been carried cut in 61 tambcls in its first year was expanded to 147 tambcls and involved over 4 000 persons In other areas of activity the Divisicn was similarly involved between Cctober 1966 and September 1967 800 Village Security Officars were given Cpecialized training for service in areas of extreme insurgent activity regular and special courses to increase the administrative competence and to reshydirect program activities to development work was given to Nei

Lmphurs members of Sapa Changwats Paladt1mphurs for rural development Palad nmphnrs for security and changwat functional officers lItogether some 3 000 persons received training in these courses during the year In additicn a special course was repeated between August 14 and Ncvember 11 1966 in Naldon Phonomn Province to instruct all gcvernment officers concerning ccuntershyinsurgency activities During the year the third grout of new NaiAnphurs were graduated from the Nhi Lrphur Acdemy

55

CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Potable Water

A A regional field headquarters consisting of engineering design and drafting facilities cffices water laboratcry and warehouse has been constructed in Khcn Kaen which is centrally located in the

Ncrtheast Although the AampE end the Thei design engineers are

officed in Khon Kaen there is at least one field engineer and several

construction technicians in each province The design engineer and

the field engineer exchange pcsitions after a sufficient period of training in order that all engineers obtain experience in both design and construition work

B Standard dasigns have been developed for elevated tanks clear

wells pump hcuses and treatment plants Treatment plants of 1C

cum hr 20 cu m hr 30 carm hr and 50 cnm hr capacity

have been designed The drawings are numbered in such a manner that they can be interchanged and incorporated into designs for communities having a population suitable for the appropriate preshydetermined size

C In developing these designs the Thai and American engineers work together and in this way on-the-job training is given to the inexperienced engineers Training of construction technicians is tazried cut at the ccnstruction sites Formal lectures are given by both Thai an--d American engineers

D Five Thai engineers have been sent to the United States fcur for one years graduate academic training and one for specialist training Eight engineers attended a two-month course at the SELTC Graduate School of Engineering Eighteen have received thirdshycountry observational training in Taiwan

E A curriculum fcr water works operatcr training has been

developed and two plant operators ccurses have been given Onshy

the-jcb training is also carried out

56

- F A system for warehousing storage and distribution of commodities hLas just been completed Almost 2 million dollars (US) worth of commodities have been ordered and about oneshy

fourth of theoe commodities have arrived

G - Potable water systems serving twenty (20) ccmmunities have been completed Systems fcr 35 communities are under

construction and the target date for their completion is 1 Jantuary

1968 Fifty-seven (57) additional communities have been surveyed and bids are ready to be let on mcst of them Construction for these 57 communities is expected to be finiched by 1 July 1968 If this goal is attained the Potable Water Project will be on schedule

Private Sector Development

1 Introduction This project covers the advisory services provided by the staff members of the USOM Private Enterprise Division whose principal activity areas include the prcmeticn of private investrent accnomic instituticn building and economic

development financing Progress to date in each of these reas

is discussed below

2 Promotion of investment

A Investment Guaranty Program - Risk Insurance AID investment risk insurance ccverage for over $92 million has been issued for private American equity and loan capital investment in Thailand Cf this total $12 million is in extended risk coverage

for three different projects (discussed below) $36 million is for

convertibility risks $134 million for expropriation risks $104 million for war and related risks and $20 I milli on for combined expropriation-war risks

B Extended Risk Projects in Thailand

(1) Intercontinental Housing - $5 million fcr construction

of 817 low income twc- and three-bedroom houses First section

of 257 houses expected to be ccmpleted in February 1968 Conshystruction prcceeding at 0 67 hcuses per day Large backlog of buyers indicate contihued good sales outlook

57

(2) Siam Kraft Paper Prcject - $4 million for construction of integrated pulp and paper making plant whose total investment is expected to exceed $29 million Plant is now under constructicn and is expected to commence operations in early 1969

(3) Calabrian (Calthai) Farm Service Center Project - $3 million to construct farm service centers upcountry which will provide

storage facilities and make available to Thai farmers the equipment necessary for plowing planting cultivating harvesting shelling and drying corn This company recently built a modern 65 000 ton capacity grain elevator upcountry and it is now receiving corn shipments for storage drying and grading prior to export Additional

collection centers are planned for cther upccuntry prcvinces

3 Institution Building

A Ministry of Industry One PE advisor has been approved

by the Ministry for full time advisory services He will be located in the industrial and Economic Planning Cffice c a December 20

B Board cf Investment Cne PE advisor is working with BOI half time tc maintain close working relationship during and after Checchi contract close cut Main emphasis is assisting in revision of Promotion of Investment Law Additional PE staff assistance is made available when requested and available

C Coordinated Industry Survey Prcgram This programs principal objective is to develop RTG instituticnal capabilities through on-the-jcb training and advisory assistance in industrial research planning promotion and policy formulaticn Ministry of Industry and BOI participated in the first project which was a survey of the

Plastics Industry (ccmpletad in June 1967) and are actively working on the second project which is a Farm Machinery Survey

As a result of the Plastics Industry Survey the Ministry of Industry with help of BOI and USOM conducted a very successful seminar to bring together all elements of the local private business sector

and various interested government agencies fcr in-depth presentashy

tion and discussion of the survey

58

D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

51

3 Opecial training for the following was provided in FY 67

A Acadermic 6 B Short Term Study Tour 4 C Gbservtion Tours 23 Village leaders

22 Village organizers 11 Women leaders 33 CD Trainers 11 CD Changwat amp Amnphur Officers

4 In FY 67 S 16 million was spent on village self-help and occupational promotional projacts Villagers contributed labor and local materials valued at 60 of RTG contributions A total of 1 651 prcjocts were ccmpleted using Community Development Department grants An additional 519 projects were ccmpleted without CD Department grantE bringing the self-help total to 2 170 Continued emphasis will be placed on village celf-help projects Over $ 17 million has been budgeted fcr the program in FY 68

Civil Service

The services provided under a contract with the State cf California 4(initiated in FY 1966) will complets asnrvev c pr nc ah

in all of the ministriesspecial first second and third gre10 and departments vricr to -June 1968 At that time the results

of the survey will be reviewed with the Prime Minister and Council

of Ministers and subject to their apprcval the institution of a

classification syotcom will caInnuncc

First emphasis will be given to these ministries concerned with

development activities in Northeastern Thailand At the same time a survey of pcsitions in the fcurth grade will be undertaken and tests and techniques for testing will be introduced into the

personnel administration system for the selecticn and placement

of employees It is also expected that the existing Civil Service

Law will be revised and presented for legislative approval some

time during 1968

52

Labor

This project which was initiated in response to a request from the

RTG became active with the arrival of an advisor in Labor Department

Administration early in 1967 and with the addition of an Employment Service Kdviscr in July 1967 These advisors have concentrate-1 on the development or improvement of regulations affecting labor usage labor standards and safety with pFrticular reference to broadening a regulatory capability within the Labor Department and to the expansicn of employment service ctivities into Northeastern Thailand This latter function is intended to classify workers coming from the rural areas into the urban complexes to determine

training requirements and to assist in job placerrent

Management Improvement

This project wzich has been continuously concerned with establishing an crganizaticn and methods servicing capability within the Budget Bureau And to establish the Bureau as the principal management crganization for the government has during the pact year completed

insofar as possible these parts of its activities relating to the

organizaticn and functions of the Highway Department the iAnistry of Agriculture and the training of GampM technicians within the Budget Bureau itself

During the year reccmmendations for major changes in the Ministry of Education also were formalized and initial steps were taken to implement scrre of these recommendations and several detailed studies were undertaken looking for the improvement of the organization established to administer the accelerated rural development program in the Office of the Prime Minister

With the diminution of CampM activities the project has turned its

attention to enhancing budget administration and the auditing function of the gcvernment It is expected that during the remainder of the project through fiscal year 1969 attention will be devoted almost exclusively to these areas

53

Statistical Services

Advisory services are provided to the National Statistics Office for two brcad categories of activity the use of statistical techniques and the standardizaticn of the statistical practices throughout the government and the operation of a data processing center In the past several years major emphasis had been directed toward establishing basic capnhilitios within the RTG to standardize statistical methodology in such areas as crop estimtation measurement of price changes census of population industry and business etc Emphasis was alac placed on strengthening the academic capability

in the universities to ensure the development of specialized technicians and managers

Attention to this area is new diminishing and during the last year the enlargement and capability to use the data processing center has received first pricrity In addition to the existing IBM 1401 an IBM 360 was installed and two advisoro in the specialized

utilization of this equipment were provided through the US Bureau of the Census to train operators and to assist in broadening the utilization of the center by all of the agencies of the RTG In addition an advisor cn samipling and surveying techniques has been added and special efforts are being made to accertain the attitudes

c the population tcward developmental objectives as well as problems attending insurgency Both of these areas are essential

to objective development programmings

Local Governrent Administration

As in past years this project has concentrated on enhancing the

capability of the Ministry of Interior to improve the administration of naticnal programs at the province and rural levels and especially to facilitate the initiation and conduct of developmental work in the rural areas in response to the needs of the people To this end the project has reviewed the organization and functions of the amphurs

and changwats throughout the Kingdom and has provided the Ministry with detailed recommendations calling fcr simplificaticn cf adminisshytrative and financial activities for the improverrment of personnel administration and for the creation of new organization elements intended to deal particularly with the development activities the involvement of villages in lccal gcvernment and the discharge cf self-protection responsibilities at the village level

54

Local Government In-Service Training

Progress in this project is reflected by the degree to which the Training Division of the Department of Local Administration increases the scope and variety of training activities During the past year the Developing Democracy Program which had been carried cut in 61 tambcls in its first year was expanded to 147 tambcls and involved over 4 000 persons In other areas of activity the Divisicn was similarly involved between Cctober 1966 and September 1967 800 Village Security Officars were given Cpecialized training for service in areas of extreme insurgent activity regular and special courses to increase the administrative competence and to reshydirect program activities to development work was given to Nei

Lmphurs members of Sapa Changwats Paladt1mphurs for rural development Palad nmphnrs for security and changwat functional officers lItogether some 3 000 persons received training in these courses during the year In additicn a special course was repeated between August 14 and Ncvember 11 1966 in Naldon Phonomn Province to instruct all gcvernment officers concerning ccuntershyinsurgency activities During the year the third grout of new NaiAnphurs were graduated from the Nhi Lrphur Acdemy

55

CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Potable Water

A A regional field headquarters consisting of engineering design and drafting facilities cffices water laboratcry and warehouse has been constructed in Khcn Kaen which is centrally located in the

Ncrtheast Although the AampE end the Thei design engineers are

officed in Khon Kaen there is at least one field engineer and several

construction technicians in each province The design engineer and

the field engineer exchange pcsitions after a sufficient period of training in order that all engineers obtain experience in both design and construition work

B Standard dasigns have been developed for elevated tanks clear

wells pump hcuses and treatment plants Treatment plants of 1C

cum hr 20 cu m hr 30 carm hr and 50 cnm hr capacity

have been designed The drawings are numbered in such a manner that they can be interchanged and incorporated into designs for communities having a population suitable for the appropriate preshydetermined size

C In developing these designs the Thai and American engineers work together and in this way on-the-job training is given to the inexperienced engineers Training of construction technicians is tazried cut at the ccnstruction sites Formal lectures are given by both Thai an--d American engineers

D Five Thai engineers have been sent to the United States fcur for one years graduate academic training and one for specialist training Eight engineers attended a two-month course at the SELTC Graduate School of Engineering Eighteen have received thirdshycountry observational training in Taiwan

E A curriculum fcr water works operatcr training has been

developed and two plant operators ccurses have been given Onshy

the-jcb training is also carried out

56

- F A system for warehousing storage and distribution of commodities hLas just been completed Almost 2 million dollars (US) worth of commodities have been ordered and about oneshy

fourth of theoe commodities have arrived

G - Potable water systems serving twenty (20) ccmmunities have been completed Systems fcr 35 communities are under

construction and the target date for their completion is 1 Jantuary

1968 Fifty-seven (57) additional communities have been surveyed and bids are ready to be let on mcst of them Construction for these 57 communities is expected to be finiched by 1 July 1968 If this goal is attained the Potable Water Project will be on schedule

Private Sector Development

1 Introduction This project covers the advisory services provided by the staff members of the USOM Private Enterprise Division whose principal activity areas include the prcmeticn of private investrent accnomic instituticn building and economic

development financing Progress to date in each of these reas

is discussed below

2 Promotion of investment

A Investment Guaranty Program - Risk Insurance AID investment risk insurance ccverage for over $92 million has been issued for private American equity and loan capital investment in Thailand Cf this total $12 million is in extended risk coverage

for three different projects (discussed below) $36 million is for

convertibility risks $134 million for expropriation risks $104 million for war and related risks and $20 I milli on for combined expropriation-war risks

B Extended Risk Projects in Thailand

(1) Intercontinental Housing - $5 million fcr construction

of 817 low income twc- and three-bedroom houses First section

of 257 houses expected to be ccmpleted in February 1968 Conshystruction prcceeding at 0 67 hcuses per day Large backlog of buyers indicate contihued good sales outlook

57

(2) Siam Kraft Paper Prcject - $4 million for construction of integrated pulp and paper making plant whose total investment is expected to exceed $29 million Plant is now under constructicn and is expected to commence operations in early 1969

(3) Calabrian (Calthai) Farm Service Center Project - $3 million to construct farm service centers upcountry which will provide

storage facilities and make available to Thai farmers the equipment necessary for plowing planting cultivating harvesting shelling and drying corn This company recently built a modern 65 000 ton capacity grain elevator upcountry and it is now receiving corn shipments for storage drying and grading prior to export Additional

collection centers are planned for cther upccuntry prcvinces

3 Institution Building

A Ministry of Industry One PE advisor has been approved

by the Ministry for full time advisory services He will be located in the industrial and Economic Planning Cffice c a December 20

B Board cf Investment Cne PE advisor is working with BOI half time tc maintain close working relationship during and after Checchi contract close cut Main emphasis is assisting in revision of Promotion of Investment Law Additional PE staff assistance is made available when requested and available

C Coordinated Industry Survey Prcgram This programs principal objective is to develop RTG instituticnal capabilities through on-the-jcb training and advisory assistance in industrial research planning promotion and policy formulaticn Ministry of Industry and BOI participated in the first project which was a survey of the

Plastics Industry (ccmpletad in June 1967) and are actively working on the second project which is a Farm Machinery Survey

As a result of the Plastics Industry Survey the Ministry of Industry with help of BOI and USOM conducted a very successful seminar to bring together all elements of the local private business sector

and various interested government agencies fcr in-depth presentashy

tion and discussion of the survey

58

D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

52

Labor

This project which was initiated in response to a request from the

RTG became active with the arrival of an advisor in Labor Department

Administration early in 1967 and with the addition of an Employment Service Kdviscr in July 1967 These advisors have concentrate-1 on the development or improvement of regulations affecting labor usage labor standards and safety with pFrticular reference to broadening a regulatory capability within the Labor Department and to the expansicn of employment service ctivities into Northeastern Thailand This latter function is intended to classify workers coming from the rural areas into the urban complexes to determine

training requirements and to assist in job placerrent

Management Improvement

This project wzich has been continuously concerned with establishing an crganizaticn and methods servicing capability within the Budget Bureau And to establish the Bureau as the principal management crganization for the government has during the pact year completed

insofar as possible these parts of its activities relating to the

organizaticn and functions of the Highway Department the iAnistry of Agriculture and the training of GampM technicians within the Budget Bureau itself

During the year reccmmendations for major changes in the Ministry of Education also were formalized and initial steps were taken to implement scrre of these recommendations and several detailed studies were undertaken looking for the improvement of the organization established to administer the accelerated rural development program in the Office of the Prime Minister

With the diminution of CampM activities the project has turned its

attention to enhancing budget administration and the auditing function of the gcvernment It is expected that during the remainder of the project through fiscal year 1969 attention will be devoted almost exclusively to these areas

53

Statistical Services

Advisory services are provided to the National Statistics Office for two brcad categories of activity the use of statistical techniques and the standardizaticn of the statistical practices throughout the government and the operation of a data processing center In the past several years major emphasis had been directed toward establishing basic capnhilitios within the RTG to standardize statistical methodology in such areas as crop estimtation measurement of price changes census of population industry and business etc Emphasis was alac placed on strengthening the academic capability

in the universities to ensure the development of specialized technicians and managers

Attention to this area is new diminishing and during the last year the enlargement and capability to use the data processing center has received first pricrity In addition to the existing IBM 1401 an IBM 360 was installed and two advisoro in the specialized

utilization of this equipment were provided through the US Bureau of the Census to train operators and to assist in broadening the utilization of the center by all of the agencies of the RTG In addition an advisor cn samipling and surveying techniques has been added and special efforts are being made to accertain the attitudes

c the population tcward developmental objectives as well as problems attending insurgency Both of these areas are essential

to objective development programmings

Local Governrent Administration

As in past years this project has concentrated on enhancing the

capability of the Ministry of Interior to improve the administration of naticnal programs at the province and rural levels and especially to facilitate the initiation and conduct of developmental work in the rural areas in response to the needs of the people To this end the project has reviewed the organization and functions of the amphurs

and changwats throughout the Kingdom and has provided the Ministry with detailed recommendations calling fcr simplificaticn cf adminisshytrative and financial activities for the improverrment of personnel administration and for the creation of new organization elements intended to deal particularly with the development activities the involvement of villages in lccal gcvernment and the discharge cf self-protection responsibilities at the village level

54

Local Government In-Service Training

Progress in this project is reflected by the degree to which the Training Division of the Department of Local Administration increases the scope and variety of training activities During the past year the Developing Democracy Program which had been carried cut in 61 tambcls in its first year was expanded to 147 tambcls and involved over 4 000 persons In other areas of activity the Divisicn was similarly involved between Cctober 1966 and September 1967 800 Village Security Officars were given Cpecialized training for service in areas of extreme insurgent activity regular and special courses to increase the administrative competence and to reshydirect program activities to development work was given to Nei

Lmphurs members of Sapa Changwats Paladt1mphurs for rural development Palad nmphnrs for security and changwat functional officers lItogether some 3 000 persons received training in these courses during the year In additicn a special course was repeated between August 14 and Ncvember 11 1966 in Naldon Phonomn Province to instruct all gcvernment officers concerning ccuntershyinsurgency activities During the year the third grout of new NaiAnphurs were graduated from the Nhi Lrphur Acdemy

55

CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Potable Water

A A regional field headquarters consisting of engineering design and drafting facilities cffices water laboratcry and warehouse has been constructed in Khcn Kaen which is centrally located in the

Ncrtheast Although the AampE end the Thei design engineers are

officed in Khon Kaen there is at least one field engineer and several

construction technicians in each province The design engineer and

the field engineer exchange pcsitions after a sufficient period of training in order that all engineers obtain experience in both design and construition work

B Standard dasigns have been developed for elevated tanks clear

wells pump hcuses and treatment plants Treatment plants of 1C

cum hr 20 cu m hr 30 carm hr and 50 cnm hr capacity

have been designed The drawings are numbered in such a manner that they can be interchanged and incorporated into designs for communities having a population suitable for the appropriate preshydetermined size

C In developing these designs the Thai and American engineers work together and in this way on-the-job training is given to the inexperienced engineers Training of construction technicians is tazried cut at the ccnstruction sites Formal lectures are given by both Thai an--d American engineers

D Five Thai engineers have been sent to the United States fcur for one years graduate academic training and one for specialist training Eight engineers attended a two-month course at the SELTC Graduate School of Engineering Eighteen have received thirdshycountry observational training in Taiwan

E A curriculum fcr water works operatcr training has been

developed and two plant operators ccurses have been given Onshy

the-jcb training is also carried out

56

- F A system for warehousing storage and distribution of commodities hLas just been completed Almost 2 million dollars (US) worth of commodities have been ordered and about oneshy

fourth of theoe commodities have arrived

G - Potable water systems serving twenty (20) ccmmunities have been completed Systems fcr 35 communities are under

construction and the target date for their completion is 1 Jantuary

1968 Fifty-seven (57) additional communities have been surveyed and bids are ready to be let on mcst of them Construction for these 57 communities is expected to be finiched by 1 July 1968 If this goal is attained the Potable Water Project will be on schedule

Private Sector Development

1 Introduction This project covers the advisory services provided by the staff members of the USOM Private Enterprise Division whose principal activity areas include the prcmeticn of private investrent accnomic instituticn building and economic

development financing Progress to date in each of these reas

is discussed below

2 Promotion of investment

A Investment Guaranty Program - Risk Insurance AID investment risk insurance ccverage for over $92 million has been issued for private American equity and loan capital investment in Thailand Cf this total $12 million is in extended risk coverage

for three different projects (discussed below) $36 million is for

convertibility risks $134 million for expropriation risks $104 million for war and related risks and $20 I milli on for combined expropriation-war risks

B Extended Risk Projects in Thailand

(1) Intercontinental Housing - $5 million fcr construction

of 817 low income twc- and three-bedroom houses First section

of 257 houses expected to be ccmpleted in February 1968 Conshystruction prcceeding at 0 67 hcuses per day Large backlog of buyers indicate contihued good sales outlook

57

(2) Siam Kraft Paper Prcject - $4 million for construction of integrated pulp and paper making plant whose total investment is expected to exceed $29 million Plant is now under constructicn and is expected to commence operations in early 1969

(3) Calabrian (Calthai) Farm Service Center Project - $3 million to construct farm service centers upcountry which will provide

storage facilities and make available to Thai farmers the equipment necessary for plowing planting cultivating harvesting shelling and drying corn This company recently built a modern 65 000 ton capacity grain elevator upcountry and it is now receiving corn shipments for storage drying and grading prior to export Additional

collection centers are planned for cther upccuntry prcvinces

3 Institution Building

A Ministry of Industry One PE advisor has been approved

by the Ministry for full time advisory services He will be located in the industrial and Economic Planning Cffice c a December 20

B Board cf Investment Cne PE advisor is working with BOI half time tc maintain close working relationship during and after Checchi contract close cut Main emphasis is assisting in revision of Promotion of Investment Law Additional PE staff assistance is made available when requested and available

C Coordinated Industry Survey Prcgram This programs principal objective is to develop RTG instituticnal capabilities through on-the-jcb training and advisory assistance in industrial research planning promotion and policy formulaticn Ministry of Industry and BOI participated in the first project which was a survey of the

Plastics Industry (ccmpletad in June 1967) and are actively working on the second project which is a Farm Machinery Survey

As a result of the Plastics Industry Survey the Ministry of Industry with help of BOI and USOM conducted a very successful seminar to bring together all elements of the local private business sector

and various interested government agencies fcr in-depth presentashy

tion and discussion of the survey

58

D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

53

Statistical Services

Advisory services are provided to the National Statistics Office for two brcad categories of activity the use of statistical techniques and the standardizaticn of the statistical practices throughout the government and the operation of a data processing center In the past several years major emphasis had been directed toward establishing basic capnhilitios within the RTG to standardize statistical methodology in such areas as crop estimtation measurement of price changes census of population industry and business etc Emphasis was alac placed on strengthening the academic capability

in the universities to ensure the development of specialized technicians and managers

Attention to this area is new diminishing and during the last year the enlargement and capability to use the data processing center has received first pricrity In addition to the existing IBM 1401 an IBM 360 was installed and two advisoro in the specialized

utilization of this equipment were provided through the US Bureau of the Census to train operators and to assist in broadening the utilization of the center by all of the agencies of the RTG In addition an advisor cn samipling and surveying techniques has been added and special efforts are being made to accertain the attitudes

c the population tcward developmental objectives as well as problems attending insurgency Both of these areas are essential

to objective development programmings

Local Governrent Administration

As in past years this project has concentrated on enhancing the

capability of the Ministry of Interior to improve the administration of naticnal programs at the province and rural levels and especially to facilitate the initiation and conduct of developmental work in the rural areas in response to the needs of the people To this end the project has reviewed the organization and functions of the amphurs

and changwats throughout the Kingdom and has provided the Ministry with detailed recommendations calling fcr simplificaticn cf adminisshytrative and financial activities for the improverrment of personnel administration and for the creation of new organization elements intended to deal particularly with the development activities the involvement of villages in lccal gcvernment and the discharge cf self-protection responsibilities at the village level

54

Local Government In-Service Training

Progress in this project is reflected by the degree to which the Training Division of the Department of Local Administration increases the scope and variety of training activities During the past year the Developing Democracy Program which had been carried cut in 61 tambcls in its first year was expanded to 147 tambcls and involved over 4 000 persons In other areas of activity the Divisicn was similarly involved between Cctober 1966 and September 1967 800 Village Security Officars were given Cpecialized training for service in areas of extreme insurgent activity regular and special courses to increase the administrative competence and to reshydirect program activities to development work was given to Nei

Lmphurs members of Sapa Changwats Paladt1mphurs for rural development Palad nmphnrs for security and changwat functional officers lItogether some 3 000 persons received training in these courses during the year In additicn a special course was repeated between August 14 and Ncvember 11 1966 in Naldon Phonomn Province to instruct all gcvernment officers concerning ccuntershyinsurgency activities During the year the third grout of new NaiAnphurs were graduated from the Nhi Lrphur Acdemy

55

CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Potable Water

A A regional field headquarters consisting of engineering design and drafting facilities cffices water laboratcry and warehouse has been constructed in Khcn Kaen which is centrally located in the

Ncrtheast Although the AampE end the Thei design engineers are

officed in Khon Kaen there is at least one field engineer and several

construction technicians in each province The design engineer and

the field engineer exchange pcsitions after a sufficient period of training in order that all engineers obtain experience in both design and construition work

B Standard dasigns have been developed for elevated tanks clear

wells pump hcuses and treatment plants Treatment plants of 1C

cum hr 20 cu m hr 30 carm hr and 50 cnm hr capacity

have been designed The drawings are numbered in such a manner that they can be interchanged and incorporated into designs for communities having a population suitable for the appropriate preshydetermined size

C In developing these designs the Thai and American engineers work together and in this way on-the-job training is given to the inexperienced engineers Training of construction technicians is tazried cut at the ccnstruction sites Formal lectures are given by both Thai an--d American engineers

D Five Thai engineers have been sent to the United States fcur for one years graduate academic training and one for specialist training Eight engineers attended a two-month course at the SELTC Graduate School of Engineering Eighteen have received thirdshycountry observational training in Taiwan

E A curriculum fcr water works operatcr training has been

developed and two plant operators ccurses have been given Onshy

the-jcb training is also carried out

56

- F A system for warehousing storage and distribution of commodities hLas just been completed Almost 2 million dollars (US) worth of commodities have been ordered and about oneshy

fourth of theoe commodities have arrived

G - Potable water systems serving twenty (20) ccmmunities have been completed Systems fcr 35 communities are under

construction and the target date for their completion is 1 Jantuary

1968 Fifty-seven (57) additional communities have been surveyed and bids are ready to be let on mcst of them Construction for these 57 communities is expected to be finiched by 1 July 1968 If this goal is attained the Potable Water Project will be on schedule

Private Sector Development

1 Introduction This project covers the advisory services provided by the staff members of the USOM Private Enterprise Division whose principal activity areas include the prcmeticn of private investrent accnomic instituticn building and economic

development financing Progress to date in each of these reas

is discussed below

2 Promotion of investment

A Investment Guaranty Program - Risk Insurance AID investment risk insurance ccverage for over $92 million has been issued for private American equity and loan capital investment in Thailand Cf this total $12 million is in extended risk coverage

for three different projects (discussed below) $36 million is for

convertibility risks $134 million for expropriation risks $104 million for war and related risks and $20 I milli on for combined expropriation-war risks

B Extended Risk Projects in Thailand

(1) Intercontinental Housing - $5 million fcr construction

of 817 low income twc- and three-bedroom houses First section

of 257 houses expected to be ccmpleted in February 1968 Conshystruction prcceeding at 0 67 hcuses per day Large backlog of buyers indicate contihued good sales outlook

57

(2) Siam Kraft Paper Prcject - $4 million for construction of integrated pulp and paper making plant whose total investment is expected to exceed $29 million Plant is now under constructicn and is expected to commence operations in early 1969

(3) Calabrian (Calthai) Farm Service Center Project - $3 million to construct farm service centers upcountry which will provide

storage facilities and make available to Thai farmers the equipment necessary for plowing planting cultivating harvesting shelling and drying corn This company recently built a modern 65 000 ton capacity grain elevator upcountry and it is now receiving corn shipments for storage drying and grading prior to export Additional

collection centers are planned for cther upccuntry prcvinces

3 Institution Building

A Ministry of Industry One PE advisor has been approved

by the Ministry for full time advisory services He will be located in the industrial and Economic Planning Cffice c a December 20

B Board cf Investment Cne PE advisor is working with BOI half time tc maintain close working relationship during and after Checchi contract close cut Main emphasis is assisting in revision of Promotion of Investment Law Additional PE staff assistance is made available when requested and available

C Coordinated Industry Survey Prcgram This programs principal objective is to develop RTG instituticnal capabilities through on-the-jcb training and advisory assistance in industrial research planning promotion and policy formulaticn Ministry of Industry and BOI participated in the first project which was a survey of the

Plastics Industry (ccmpletad in June 1967) and are actively working on the second project which is a Farm Machinery Survey

As a result of the Plastics Industry Survey the Ministry of Industry with help of BOI and USOM conducted a very successful seminar to bring together all elements of the local private business sector

and various interested government agencies fcr in-depth presentashy

tion and discussion of the survey

58

D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

54

Local Government In-Service Training

Progress in this project is reflected by the degree to which the Training Division of the Department of Local Administration increases the scope and variety of training activities During the past year the Developing Democracy Program which had been carried cut in 61 tambcls in its first year was expanded to 147 tambcls and involved over 4 000 persons In other areas of activity the Divisicn was similarly involved between Cctober 1966 and September 1967 800 Village Security Officars were given Cpecialized training for service in areas of extreme insurgent activity regular and special courses to increase the administrative competence and to reshydirect program activities to development work was given to Nei

Lmphurs members of Sapa Changwats Paladt1mphurs for rural development Palad nmphnrs for security and changwat functional officers lItogether some 3 000 persons received training in these courses during the year In additicn a special course was repeated between August 14 and Ncvember 11 1966 in Naldon Phonomn Province to instruct all gcvernment officers concerning ccuntershyinsurgency activities During the year the third grout of new NaiAnphurs were graduated from the Nhi Lrphur Acdemy

55

CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Potable Water

A A regional field headquarters consisting of engineering design and drafting facilities cffices water laboratcry and warehouse has been constructed in Khcn Kaen which is centrally located in the

Ncrtheast Although the AampE end the Thei design engineers are

officed in Khon Kaen there is at least one field engineer and several

construction technicians in each province The design engineer and

the field engineer exchange pcsitions after a sufficient period of training in order that all engineers obtain experience in both design and construition work

B Standard dasigns have been developed for elevated tanks clear

wells pump hcuses and treatment plants Treatment plants of 1C

cum hr 20 cu m hr 30 carm hr and 50 cnm hr capacity

have been designed The drawings are numbered in such a manner that they can be interchanged and incorporated into designs for communities having a population suitable for the appropriate preshydetermined size

C In developing these designs the Thai and American engineers work together and in this way on-the-job training is given to the inexperienced engineers Training of construction technicians is tazried cut at the ccnstruction sites Formal lectures are given by both Thai an--d American engineers

D Five Thai engineers have been sent to the United States fcur for one years graduate academic training and one for specialist training Eight engineers attended a two-month course at the SELTC Graduate School of Engineering Eighteen have received thirdshycountry observational training in Taiwan

E A curriculum fcr water works operatcr training has been

developed and two plant operators ccurses have been given Onshy

the-jcb training is also carried out

56

- F A system for warehousing storage and distribution of commodities hLas just been completed Almost 2 million dollars (US) worth of commodities have been ordered and about oneshy

fourth of theoe commodities have arrived

G - Potable water systems serving twenty (20) ccmmunities have been completed Systems fcr 35 communities are under

construction and the target date for their completion is 1 Jantuary

1968 Fifty-seven (57) additional communities have been surveyed and bids are ready to be let on mcst of them Construction for these 57 communities is expected to be finiched by 1 July 1968 If this goal is attained the Potable Water Project will be on schedule

Private Sector Development

1 Introduction This project covers the advisory services provided by the staff members of the USOM Private Enterprise Division whose principal activity areas include the prcmeticn of private investrent accnomic instituticn building and economic

development financing Progress to date in each of these reas

is discussed below

2 Promotion of investment

A Investment Guaranty Program - Risk Insurance AID investment risk insurance ccverage for over $92 million has been issued for private American equity and loan capital investment in Thailand Cf this total $12 million is in extended risk coverage

for three different projects (discussed below) $36 million is for

convertibility risks $134 million for expropriation risks $104 million for war and related risks and $20 I milli on for combined expropriation-war risks

B Extended Risk Projects in Thailand

(1) Intercontinental Housing - $5 million fcr construction

of 817 low income twc- and three-bedroom houses First section

of 257 houses expected to be ccmpleted in February 1968 Conshystruction prcceeding at 0 67 hcuses per day Large backlog of buyers indicate contihued good sales outlook

57

(2) Siam Kraft Paper Prcject - $4 million for construction of integrated pulp and paper making plant whose total investment is expected to exceed $29 million Plant is now under constructicn and is expected to commence operations in early 1969

(3) Calabrian (Calthai) Farm Service Center Project - $3 million to construct farm service centers upcountry which will provide

storage facilities and make available to Thai farmers the equipment necessary for plowing planting cultivating harvesting shelling and drying corn This company recently built a modern 65 000 ton capacity grain elevator upcountry and it is now receiving corn shipments for storage drying and grading prior to export Additional

collection centers are planned for cther upccuntry prcvinces

3 Institution Building

A Ministry of Industry One PE advisor has been approved

by the Ministry for full time advisory services He will be located in the industrial and Economic Planning Cffice c a December 20

B Board cf Investment Cne PE advisor is working with BOI half time tc maintain close working relationship during and after Checchi contract close cut Main emphasis is assisting in revision of Promotion of Investment Law Additional PE staff assistance is made available when requested and available

C Coordinated Industry Survey Prcgram This programs principal objective is to develop RTG instituticnal capabilities through on-the-jcb training and advisory assistance in industrial research planning promotion and policy formulaticn Ministry of Industry and BOI participated in the first project which was a survey of the

Plastics Industry (ccmpletad in June 1967) and are actively working on the second project which is a Farm Machinery Survey

As a result of the Plastics Industry Survey the Ministry of Industry with help of BOI and USOM conducted a very successful seminar to bring together all elements of the local private business sector

and various interested government agencies fcr in-depth presentashy

tion and discussion of the survey

58

D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

55

CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Potable Water

A A regional field headquarters consisting of engineering design and drafting facilities cffices water laboratcry and warehouse has been constructed in Khcn Kaen which is centrally located in the

Ncrtheast Although the AampE end the Thei design engineers are

officed in Khon Kaen there is at least one field engineer and several

construction technicians in each province The design engineer and

the field engineer exchange pcsitions after a sufficient period of training in order that all engineers obtain experience in both design and construition work

B Standard dasigns have been developed for elevated tanks clear

wells pump hcuses and treatment plants Treatment plants of 1C

cum hr 20 cu m hr 30 carm hr and 50 cnm hr capacity

have been designed The drawings are numbered in such a manner that they can be interchanged and incorporated into designs for communities having a population suitable for the appropriate preshydetermined size

C In developing these designs the Thai and American engineers work together and in this way on-the-job training is given to the inexperienced engineers Training of construction technicians is tazried cut at the ccnstruction sites Formal lectures are given by both Thai an--d American engineers

D Five Thai engineers have been sent to the United States fcur for one years graduate academic training and one for specialist training Eight engineers attended a two-month course at the SELTC Graduate School of Engineering Eighteen have received thirdshycountry observational training in Taiwan

E A curriculum fcr water works operatcr training has been

developed and two plant operators ccurses have been given Onshy

the-jcb training is also carried out

56

- F A system for warehousing storage and distribution of commodities hLas just been completed Almost 2 million dollars (US) worth of commodities have been ordered and about oneshy

fourth of theoe commodities have arrived

G - Potable water systems serving twenty (20) ccmmunities have been completed Systems fcr 35 communities are under

construction and the target date for their completion is 1 Jantuary

1968 Fifty-seven (57) additional communities have been surveyed and bids are ready to be let on mcst of them Construction for these 57 communities is expected to be finiched by 1 July 1968 If this goal is attained the Potable Water Project will be on schedule

Private Sector Development

1 Introduction This project covers the advisory services provided by the staff members of the USOM Private Enterprise Division whose principal activity areas include the prcmeticn of private investrent accnomic instituticn building and economic

development financing Progress to date in each of these reas

is discussed below

2 Promotion of investment

A Investment Guaranty Program - Risk Insurance AID investment risk insurance ccverage for over $92 million has been issued for private American equity and loan capital investment in Thailand Cf this total $12 million is in extended risk coverage

for three different projects (discussed below) $36 million is for

convertibility risks $134 million for expropriation risks $104 million for war and related risks and $20 I milli on for combined expropriation-war risks

B Extended Risk Projects in Thailand

(1) Intercontinental Housing - $5 million fcr construction

of 817 low income twc- and three-bedroom houses First section

of 257 houses expected to be ccmpleted in February 1968 Conshystruction prcceeding at 0 67 hcuses per day Large backlog of buyers indicate contihued good sales outlook

57

(2) Siam Kraft Paper Prcject - $4 million for construction of integrated pulp and paper making plant whose total investment is expected to exceed $29 million Plant is now under constructicn and is expected to commence operations in early 1969

(3) Calabrian (Calthai) Farm Service Center Project - $3 million to construct farm service centers upcountry which will provide

storage facilities and make available to Thai farmers the equipment necessary for plowing planting cultivating harvesting shelling and drying corn This company recently built a modern 65 000 ton capacity grain elevator upcountry and it is now receiving corn shipments for storage drying and grading prior to export Additional

collection centers are planned for cther upccuntry prcvinces

3 Institution Building

A Ministry of Industry One PE advisor has been approved

by the Ministry for full time advisory services He will be located in the industrial and Economic Planning Cffice c a December 20

B Board cf Investment Cne PE advisor is working with BOI half time tc maintain close working relationship during and after Checchi contract close cut Main emphasis is assisting in revision of Promotion of Investment Law Additional PE staff assistance is made available when requested and available

C Coordinated Industry Survey Prcgram This programs principal objective is to develop RTG instituticnal capabilities through on-the-jcb training and advisory assistance in industrial research planning promotion and policy formulaticn Ministry of Industry and BOI participated in the first project which was a survey of the

Plastics Industry (ccmpletad in June 1967) and are actively working on the second project which is a Farm Machinery Survey

As a result of the Plastics Industry Survey the Ministry of Industry with help of BOI and USOM conducted a very successful seminar to bring together all elements of the local private business sector

and various interested government agencies fcr in-depth presentashy

tion and discussion of the survey

58

D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

56

- F A system for warehousing storage and distribution of commodities hLas just been completed Almost 2 million dollars (US) worth of commodities have been ordered and about oneshy

fourth of theoe commodities have arrived

G - Potable water systems serving twenty (20) ccmmunities have been completed Systems fcr 35 communities are under

construction and the target date for their completion is 1 Jantuary

1968 Fifty-seven (57) additional communities have been surveyed and bids are ready to be let on mcst of them Construction for these 57 communities is expected to be finiched by 1 July 1968 If this goal is attained the Potable Water Project will be on schedule

Private Sector Development

1 Introduction This project covers the advisory services provided by the staff members of the USOM Private Enterprise Division whose principal activity areas include the prcmeticn of private investrent accnomic instituticn building and economic

development financing Progress to date in each of these reas

is discussed below

2 Promotion of investment

A Investment Guaranty Program - Risk Insurance AID investment risk insurance ccverage for over $92 million has been issued for private American equity and loan capital investment in Thailand Cf this total $12 million is in extended risk coverage

for three different projects (discussed below) $36 million is for

convertibility risks $134 million for expropriation risks $104 million for war and related risks and $20 I milli on for combined expropriation-war risks

B Extended Risk Projects in Thailand

(1) Intercontinental Housing - $5 million fcr construction

of 817 low income twc- and three-bedroom houses First section

of 257 houses expected to be ccmpleted in February 1968 Conshystruction prcceeding at 0 67 hcuses per day Large backlog of buyers indicate contihued good sales outlook

57

(2) Siam Kraft Paper Prcject - $4 million for construction of integrated pulp and paper making plant whose total investment is expected to exceed $29 million Plant is now under constructicn and is expected to commence operations in early 1969

(3) Calabrian (Calthai) Farm Service Center Project - $3 million to construct farm service centers upcountry which will provide

storage facilities and make available to Thai farmers the equipment necessary for plowing planting cultivating harvesting shelling and drying corn This company recently built a modern 65 000 ton capacity grain elevator upcountry and it is now receiving corn shipments for storage drying and grading prior to export Additional

collection centers are planned for cther upccuntry prcvinces

3 Institution Building

A Ministry of Industry One PE advisor has been approved

by the Ministry for full time advisory services He will be located in the industrial and Economic Planning Cffice c a December 20

B Board cf Investment Cne PE advisor is working with BOI half time tc maintain close working relationship during and after Checchi contract close cut Main emphasis is assisting in revision of Promotion of Investment Law Additional PE staff assistance is made available when requested and available

C Coordinated Industry Survey Prcgram This programs principal objective is to develop RTG instituticnal capabilities through on-the-jcb training and advisory assistance in industrial research planning promotion and policy formulaticn Ministry of Industry and BOI participated in the first project which was a survey of the

Plastics Industry (ccmpletad in June 1967) and are actively working on the second project which is a Farm Machinery Survey

As a result of the Plastics Industry Survey the Ministry of Industry with help of BOI and USOM conducted a very successful seminar to bring together all elements of the local private business sector

and various interested government agencies fcr in-depth presentashy

tion and discussion of the survey

58

D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

57

(2) Siam Kraft Paper Prcject - $4 million for construction of integrated pulp and paper making plant whose total investment is expected to exceed $29 million Plant is now under constructicn and is expected to commence operations in early 1969

(3) Calabrian (Calthai) Farm Service Center Project - $3 million to construct farm service centers upcountry which will provide

storage facilities and make available to Thai farmers the equipment necessary for plowing planting cultivating harvesting shelling and drying corn This company recently built a modern 65 000 ton capacity grain elevator upcountry and it is now receiving corn shipments for storage drying and grading prior to export Additional

collection centers are planned for cther upccuntry prcvinces

3 Institution Building

A Ministry of Industry One PE advisor has been approved

by the Ministry for full time advisory services He will be located in the industrial and Economic Planning Cffice c a December 20

B Board cf Investment Cne PE advisor is working with BOI half time tc maintain close working relationship during and after Checchi contract close cut Main emphasis is assisting in revision of Promotion of Investment Law Additional PE staff assistance is made available when requested and available

C Coordinated Industry Survey Prcgram This programs principal objective is to develop RTG instituticnal capabilities through on-the-jcb training and advisory assistance in industrial research planning promotion and policy formulaticn Ministry of Industry and BOI participated in the first project which was a survey of the

Plastics Industry (ccmpletad in June 1967) and are actively working on the second project which is a Farm Machinery Survey

As a result of the Plastics Industry Survey the Ministry of Industry with help of BOI and USOM conducted a very successful seminar to bring together all elements of the local private business sector

and various interested government agencies fcr in-depth presentashy

tion and discussion of the survey

58

D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

58

D Training Five additional members of the Ministry of Industrys Small Industries Service Institute will receive academic and third country training Documentation being prepared in DTEC

Emphasis will be placed on greater private sector participation in future US and third country training programs by establishing a screening committee on which the private sector will be represented

4 Development Finance

A IFCT - a one-year contract with a US investment banking firm is under consideration

B Other - PE Division is also considering obtaining the short-term services of a senior capital market advisor to evaluate Thailands technological needs in improving and expanding existing capital market to meet second Five-Year Plan financing goals

Aero Ground Services

During the past year the following has been accomplished Construction of a Facility Flight Inspection Calibration Laboratory and hangar floor was ccmpleted at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed and a contract will be awarded in November for construction of the hangar building at Hua Hin plans and specifications were completed for power distribution at the Bang Pla transmitter site and corrective construction should be completed in Noven-ber plans and specifications were completed and a contract awarded for foundation modificaticn and construction cf a microwave tower at Bang Pla The MIW tower erection should be completed in December a contract was awarded for relocation of transmitter equipment from Thung Mahamek to Bang Pla this transition shculd be completed the first quarter of CY 68 due tc an extension of the instrument runway at Don Muang the ILS was shut down and relocated Preliminary site surveys plans and specifications we-re completed for VORDME sites at Pitsanulcke and Phuket and for RCAG sites at Khon Kaen and Phuket airport runway lights were installed at Pitsanulcke A survey was made and equipment requisitioned for runway lights and airport improvements at Lampang A second control console (two bays) was added to the Area Control Center and plans are being formulated for further expansion of

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

59

this facility and the inclusion of one or more radar sectors In cooperation with the DOA scopes of work prepared for the expansion and modernization of Don Muang Airport and construction of a new International Airport for Bangkok plans and specifications for construction of an international alternate airport at Baadyai were revised and a construction contract was awarded ($80 000) Plans and specifications were prepared fcr(l) combinaticn warehouse machine shop carpenter shop engine generator overhaul shop and equipment shed at Thung Mahamak and (2) an engine generator building and water supply system for the Hua Hin Calibration Laboratory Rehabilitated excess airport maintenance and road constructicn equipment (40 000) was ordered from Japan and Okinawa The C-47 flight check aircraft was reconditioned flight tests satisfactorily performed and an air worthiness certificate issued in preparation for establishing a Facility Flight Inspection Division and miscellaneous improvements at upcountry airports

The above accomplishments have made a significant contribution to the efficiency safety and reliability cf air transportation in Thailand

A total of one hundred and twelve personnel frun the Thai Department of Aviation Royal Thei Air Force and Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd have received US and third country training under the auspices of this project prior to FY 1968

Mun and Chi

1 The Mun and Chi investigations of the Nam Yang Nam Mun

and Nan Chi Irrigation Projects were formnlated on the basis of the USBR Reconnaissance Report dated March 1965

2 A Participating Agency Service Agreement between AID and USBR signed on October 24 1966 outlines the diviampin of work between the RTCi Royal Irrigation Department (RID) US priv+e engineering firms and the USBR Estimated completion date of the feasibility studies were March 31 1970 fcr the Nam Yang Project June 30 1970 for the Nain Muan Project and September 30 1970 for the Nam Chi Project

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

60

3 The RID has completed and furnished about 90 of the required service area and project facility topographic maps and are making some corrections and additions

4 The USBR has completed field wcrk on about 137 000 acres for the semi-detailed land classification and drainage investigations and socic-econcmic surveys for the Nam Yang Project Similar work on the other projects will be acccmplished by a contract with US engineering firm

5 One site of the storage darm for the Nam Yang Project has been drilled by RID under supervision of USBR A contract was negotiated with Woodward Clyde Sherard and Associates of Denver Colorado by USBR signed June 7 1967 for the accomplishment of other geologic and materials studies with drilling performed by RID forces The geology contractors work was scheduled to start November 1967

6 The draft Invitation for Negotiaticn was prepared by USBR for the second U S engineering firm contract covering engineering designs and other studies Negotiations were delayed because of freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967

7 USBR has completed same preliminary reservoir sizing studies and has been obtaining hydrologic data

8 The conduct of the work enables Thai personnel to work with U S engineers on feasibility studies prepared under USBR direction and coordination It is estimated that a total of about 120 Thai professional and semi-professional participants will receive valuable on-the-job training on comprehensive feasibility study preparation for projects located in Thailand

9 The delay in awarding the second US engineering contract due to the freezing of contracts in the fall of 1967 may cause the loss of a dry season of work and delay the completion of the feasibility reports a year

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

61

OVERALL

Village Security Officers (VSO)

Progress to Date Pending the outcome of several rural security research programs and the resulting application to the VSC project there was no FY 1967 ProAg However the existing project did continue to progress with expanded operations and significant evaluationplanning

Using US -procured weapons provided under the FY 1966 VSC ProAg an additional 700 VSGs were recruited and trained in CY 1967 These bring the current total to 1 314 VSCs located in the following areas

Changwat AMphur VS s

1 Nakhon Phanom 1 Mukdahan 142 2 Na Kae 197 3 Kharncha-i 112 4 That Phanom 102 5 Pla Pak 468

2 Sakon Nakhon 6 Wanon Niwat 100 3 Ubon 7 Det Udom 46

3 Khemarat 60 4- Kalasin 9 Kuchinarai 93

4 9 1314

(18 tambols 192 villages)

Eight other Governors have requested DOLA to start the VSO project in their changwats These requests are pending the transformation of the VSO project into a more advanced Village Security Force (VSF) program

Based on the results of several evaluations including the joint

ThaiUS V5O evaluation the VSO project will be modified before proceeding with an expanded FY 68 operational program Specishyfically the VSO project will be changed to (a) enlarge the pervillage average membership from 5 to 10 villagers (b) give to villagers

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

62

improved support (c) improve their tactical capability (d) give the participating villagers and support officials more political

motivational training (e) balance a more aggressive posture

with more self-help improvement orientation

A series of joint ThaiUS inter-agency working committees have been formed and are working towards a revised VSO project by second-quarter FY 1968 Agreement has been reached on overshy

all VSOVSF concepts and the details are now being jointly worked out A Special Assistant to the Director for this project has been

selected and is expected before January 1 1968

Support to Northeast Economic Development Plan (NEED) Phase I

This is a new project for which approval is being requested in mid-FY 1968 The project will apply selected US technical assistance to support the formulation and implementation of the Thai Governments Five-Year Northeast Economic Development Plan Its objective is to maximize the impact of the Plan on the economic development of Northeast Thailand with emphasis at the village level

This will be accomplished through the provision of contractual technical services for two years to assist in cooperation with USOM in the formulation development and preliminary implementation of the Plan A project paper has been submitted

to AIDW and the Mission is currently awaiting approval to obligate funds for the contract Phase II of support to the Plan will consist of the provision of commodities and technical services

to support projects to be developed under the Plan

Progress on the RTG side has been rapid The RTGs Northeast Development Committee chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister has established a Northeast Economic DevelopmentSub-Committee to implement the Plan This body with high-level intershyministerial and USOM participation has already met three times to refine the Plans -structaro it is now planned to have an 6verall plahniig group and five sectoral working groups in the-ar5s of agricultur-e manpower aFgri-business transportation axcd water resources These groups to which the US assistance will be

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

63

provided will begin meeting in January 1968 In addition a subshycommittee on local planning designed to make the Plan responsive to village needs has been meeting regularly

US assistance is expected to support

1 The development of an overall Plan with specific projects and its approval by the National Economic Development Board

2 The construction of a micro-model of Northeast Thai villages suitable for testing the feasibility of proposed projects under the Plan

3 Technical planning advice to the working groups in the integration of the Plan and the preparation of sectoral plans

4 Assistance to local officials in preparing plans and projects

5 The construction of a systems analysis approach to planning and information management which can implant in the RTG a permashynent capability in regional development planning

Research Activities

Research in the Vast year has included a survey of the impact of USOM-supported RTG projects in Northeast Thailand an evaluation of the Village Security Officers organization and of security arrangements indigenous to Northeast Thai villages Research under contract to the International Cooperative Training Center Madison Wisconsin on the role of Coops in Thailand was initiated in June and is nearly completed

Data from the studies have been focused on Mission planning and programming by involving the research officers in the Directors reviews of the Missions programs the development of the Missions planning documents and by working with technicians and program officers on new programs

The research has demonstrated strong points of the RTG-USOM effort in the Northeast but has also identified gaps in the process

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled

64

of carrying government services to rural people through the joing Thai-US program Recommendations were made to fill these gaps Evaluation of the VSO and the indigenous security arrangeshyments suggests that local institutions can provide the basis for stronger local security arrangementsand the basis for absorbing inputs from the RTG and USOM to strengthen local security Recommendations to improve the role of cooperatives are still in the process of formulation Findings to date are incisive enough to point to the need to make substantial adjustments in operating procedures and overall organization

Research in all cases has involved Thai research resources in

formulating research projects and in execution and analysis Capabilities to conduct independent research among Thai agencies and personnel has been deliberately involved for this purpoe

M4

• Untitled