Settling the Northern Colonies

A.D. 1619-1700

Preliminary Vocabulary Terms

Pilgrim:

Separatist:

Puritan:

Dissenter:

Preliminary Vocabulary Terms

Pilgrim: One who wanders about without a permanent home, usually seeking a heavenly home.

Preliminary Vocabulary Terms

Pilgrim: One who wanders about without a permanent home, usually seeking a heavenly home.

Separatist: Those who separate themselves from something because of a disagreement

Preliminary Vocabulary Terms

Pilgrim: One who wanders about without a permanent home, usually seeking a heavenly home.

Separatist: Those who separates themselves from something because of a disagreement

Puritan: English beneficiaries of the Protestant Reformation doctrines and ways; sought to purify the Church of England

Preliminary Vocabulary Terms Pilgrim: One who wanders about without a

permanent home, usually seeking a heavenly home

Separatist: Those who separate themselves from something because of a disagreement

Puritan: English beneficiaries of the Protestant Reformation doctrines and ways; sought to purify the Church of England

Dissenter: One who rebels from or rejects an accepted norm or custom

The Path of the Pilgrims

Beginning in England—Rejected the teachings of and separated from the Church of England Religious Persecution

Moved to Holland to escape—Holland offered greater measure of religious tolerance

Second Generation began to lose their “British-ness”

Back to England hoping to find a better environment Disappointment

Protestant Reformation

Martin Luther: The Bondage of the Will

John Calvin: Institutes of the Christian Religion

Teachings of Bible and an emphasis on predestination and the need for conversion

The Pilgrims and Plymouth

Seeking Religious Freedom The Mayflower Compact… People to Know:

William Bradford (Governor) Myles Standish (Captain of the

Mayflower) King Charles I: Dismissed Parliament and

appointed… Archbishop Laud: the anti-puritan Puritans: Leave England because of

threats

Forming the MA Bay Colony

Motivated by Charles I and Archbishop Laud

Parliament has been dismissed England was under firm control of

the king and the church (Laud) 1630s the “Great Migration” of

puritans to N. America brings 20,000 to MA.

Puritans known for: Intellectual power Strong conviction and piety

The Puritans

Known for: Intellectual Power Strong conviction and piety Industry and hard work: Puritan Work Ethic Vision of the “city on a hill” Caricature: Dour and Judgmental (ex.

TheCrucible, The Scarlet Letter)The Massachusetts Bay colony quickly grew

and became the leader of the British colonies in N. America.

The Growth of MA Bay

Government was not a democracy—not a good form of government (0pinion of John Winthrop)

Only full-fledged church members (puritans) were voters in the society

Government was elected to enforce God’s laws

Church was supported by colonial government

Growth of MA Bay Cont.

Powerful preachers and interrogations for church membership

Congregational form of church government

Hard work and worldly living Challenges:

Quakers Anne Hutchinson Roger Williams Rhode Island…First

Baptist Church; complete freedom of religion

The Indian Issue

Indian populations prior to 1620…decimated by disease (Columbian Exchange)

Friendship at first First Thanksgiving in 1621 with Massasoit and the Wampanoags

Pequot War in 1637 Metacom and the Pan-Indian alliance 1675—King Philip’s War…tragic

defeat to New England’s Indians and slowed the westward expansion into the CT valley

Colonial Expansion in New England

Colonies included: Plymouth, Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Haven Formed the New England Confederation (first attempt at union) to ward off the Indians, and French and Dutch colonizers

English Civil Wars (1642-1649)—a time of royal neglect of the colonies colonial strength

New York and Pennsylvania

New Amsterdam (later New York), settled by the Dutch became an important financial (fur trade) and cultural center

Quakers (dissenters, belief in the inner light, pacifists) were not welcomed in MA and thus were forced to start their own colony—Pennsylvania (named after William Penn, a Quaker himself)

The Middle Colonies

New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware

Fertile Soil Plenty of water—rivers, lakes,

streams Main Industries:

Fur Grain (“bread colonies”) Milling and manufacturing because of

water power