actsa news winter 2011 - poverty, rights and climate change

WINTER 2011

£1 (free for members)

POVERTY, RIGHTS & CLIMATE CHANGE

FOCUS ARTICLES FROM

COSATU & JA! JUSTICA AMBIENTAL

EMAIL/ [email protected]

WEBSITE/ www.actsa.org

The articles in ACTSA News do not necessarily represent any agreed position of ACTSA itself.

EDITOR/ Sarah Terrazas

FRONT COVER/ Women with belongings on their heads taking part in a flood simulation exercise. Floods have cost hundreds of lives and millions of dollars in damages in recent years in parts of Caia, Mozambique.CREDIT / David Gough / IRIN

LAYOUT/ Do Good Advertising

ADDRESS/Action for Southern Africa231 Vauxhall Bridge RoadLondonSW1V 1EH

TEL/ 020 3263 2001

WHAT ARE THE PROSPECTS FOR THE CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE IN SOUTH AFRICA THIS YEAR?

This question is the central theme for this edition of ACTSA News. We are grateful to Anabela Lemos, director of Mozambican environmental group JA! Justica Ambiental and Sibusiso Gumede of the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) for providing us with their views on how the world should tackle man made global warming. You can find their articles on p6 -11.

In preparation for the upcoming conference in Durban, ACTSA has launched our Listen to Southern Africa campaign. With your help, we can ensure that voices from southern Africa are heard during negotiations at the end of the year. Find out more on p13. You can support the campaign by filling in and returning the card at the back of this magazine, and by donating to our appeal Climate Justice for Southern Africa.

As this issue goes to print, ACTSA will hold our Annual General Meeting in London, at which our National Executive Council is proposing that ACTSA apply for charitable status. Find out more on p14. You can also request more information about why ACTSA would like to become a charity by contacting the office.

I hope to see many of you at our Annual Fundraising Dinner on 25 November. The event sells out fast every year, so book your ticket now to avoid disappointment. Find out more on our website www.actsa.org, or contact us on [email protected] or 020 3263 2001.

All that remains is for me to wish you, on behalf of everyone at ACTSA, the very best for the coming months. Thank you for your support in 2011, and we look forward to a very productive 2012.

Best wishes,

Sarah TerrazasFundraising, Membership and Communications Officer

note from the editor

WINTER 2011 / POVERTY, RIGHTS & CLIMATE CHANGE / PAGE 03

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ZAMBIAN ELECTIONSZambians went to the polls in September and, following a close run vote, elected Michael Sata as their new president.

Rupiah Banda’s Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) had been in power for 20 years and this was the fourth time Patriotic Front (PF) leader Mr Sata had run for the presidency.

Mr Sata was declared winner on 23 September by Chief Justice Ernest Sakala after polling just under 42 per cent of the vote.

MALAWI UNRESTIn July 19 people were killed by security forces in Malawi following protests against the country’s president, Bingu wa Mutharika. The demonstrations were sparked by fuel shortages, rising prices and high unemployment.

The UK has suspended government to government aid to Malawi. The UK had been Malawi’s largest single aid donor, and was due to contribute $550 million over the next four years. The reasons given for the suspension of aid were concern over the management of finances particularly the value of the Malawi Kwacha, seen as overvalued, and governance. It followed a diplomatic row in which the British High Commissioner was ordered to leave Malawi and the UK subsequently requiring the Malawi High Commissioner to leave.

In August Malawi’s central bank devalued its currency, and President Mutharika formally dissolved his cabinet. It remains unclear whether the recent unrest will subside, with the umbrella body of NGOs in the country, the Civil Society Organisations, leaving UN-brokered mediation talks in mid-September.

ANGOLA PROTESTERS DETAINEDProtests emerged in the Angolan capital of Luanda in September. A youth rally, organised without the support of the major opposition parties, called for the resignation of President Eduardo dos Santos, who has governed the country for nearly 32 years. Up to 24 protesters were arrested at the protest and several people were injured, including journalists and police officers. In the aftermath of the protest, and as 21 protesters were brought to court on public order offences, police were criticised for brutality and heavy-handedness during the protest. Protesters claimed undercover agents also infiltrated the protest to provoke unrest.

Africa is being hit harder by climate change than much of the world. Severe weather patterns are already disrupting agricultural systems, resulting in droughts, food shortages and migration. These effects will only worsen unless drastic steps are taken to reverse global warming. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change the continent of Africa will warm one and a half times more than the global average.

At the end of 2011 world leaders will gather in Durban for the 17th United Nations conference on climate change. Despite the sometimes disappointing results of previous conferences, in recent years there has been a gradually growing consensus on the issue. Presently however, there is a danger that discussions will be overshadowed by the current economic crisis. Many are fearful that developed countries will attempt to move away from a ‘common but differentiated’ approach, where the biggest polluters make the greatest cuts in emissions, to one that involves voluntary targets or places an equal burden on developed and developing countries.


There is also a risk that there will be less support for a substantial international fund to help developing countries’ mitigation and adaptation strategies, which would result in a tokenistic and piecemeal approach, thereby increasing poverty and hindering development.

Until now the climate change debate has been dominated by the G8 and emerging economies. Durban provides a unique opportunity to prioritise the key issues for developing countries, including the alleviation of poverty, the creation of decent jobs and upholding of human rights. It will need developed nations to agree to an equitable and binding response in which they act first to reduce their emissions and support developing countries with financing and technology so that they can deal with the effects of climate change. It also provides an opportunity to ensure that the voices of southern African civil society and trade unions are at the heart of the debate.

spotlight

CLIMATE CHANGE, SOUTHERN AFRICA AND THE UN CONFERENCE


When it comes to climate change, the international trade union movement and civil society organisations have tried to connect the economic and social dimensions of development to the environmental discussions. However, the debate and negotiations have tended to be dominated by environment and energy specialists. Employment, growth, income generation, poverty reduction and better health are often secondary to the discussion rather than recognised as essential for sustainable development.

In terms of greenhouse gas emissions per capita and per unit of GDP, South Africa is amongst the world’s worst polluters of the atmosphere, but it is also a global leader in negotiations for an effective international agreement to limit global warming.

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South Africa has an internationally admired constitution which includes the right to an environment that is not harmful to human health, yet approximately 25 per cent of the population does not have access to electricity. The country also ranks high on respiratory illness, which is the second largest cause of infant mortality.

South Africa is also known for the high carbon-intensity of its economy due to the combination of energy-intensive industries and a dependence on coal. Approximately 75 per cent of its primary energy supply, 90 per cent of electricity generation and 40 per cent of liquid fuels are derived from coal. This has traditionally been viewed as a competitive advantage and the country sells the lowest-priced electricity in the world – 29 per cent below Canadian prices in 2006. However, there are enormous costs carried by the nation as a whole that are external to energy commerce. They range from human health damage and land and water degradation, to the costs imposed on future generations through climate change, with 80 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions coming from the energy sector.

CLIMATE CHANGE AND SOUTH AFRICA: THE TRADE UNION PERSPECTIVEWe asked the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) for their perspective on climate change, and what they hope the Durban Conference will achieve.


In a moment where the world’s population is facing multiple and pressing challenges, thinking about climate change could be seen as luxurious from a labour perspective. This is far from the reality. It is the role of trade unions to defend those who are most vulnerable and already facing the consequences of climate change.

Labour in South Africa, especially COSATU, has learnt about environmental issues the hard way. The phasing out of non-recyclable plastic bags, for example. There were massive job losses in the plastic industry when the then Minister of Environment and Tourism did away with non-recyclable plastics bags. Had the government introduced a just transition which would have warned both business and trade unions of the impact of the changes, workers could have been better trained for future employment opportunities and the loss of jobs could have been addressed properly.

South Africa believes in social dialogue with civil society. A truly sustainable development should be implemented with democratic governance, respect of core labour rights and adequate regulation. Decent work should be the core of a sustainable development which helps to combat poverty, reduce vulnerability to economic, social and environmental changes and empower communities.

By investing in carbon efficiency, climate change can be part of the recovery from the global downfall. Addressing climate change can be the economic driver for development. The last IPCC report states that the “costs and benefit of climate change for industry, settlements and society will vary widely by location and scale. In the aggregate, however, net effects will tend to be more negative the larger the change in climate.”

The Conference of Parties (COP) has been negotiating for many years. There is a Kyoto Protocol which expires in 2012 and different countries have been negotiating under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to get a new agreement post 2012. Rich countries have refused to sign the agreement before developing countries make some commitment. We don’t support this view from developed countries. Our view is that developing countries including South Africa have a right to develop, and climate change must not be used to block this.

“ COSTS AND BENEFIT OF CLIMATE CHANGE FOR INDUSTRY, SETTLEMENTS AND SOCIETY WILL VARY WIDELY BY LOCATION AND SCALE. IN THE AGGREGATE, HOWEVER, NET EFFECTS WILL TEND TO BE MORE NEGATIVE THE LARGER THE CHANGE IN CLIMATE.”

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COSATU’s demands to COP 17

We want trade unions to be part of the negotiations at COP 17. We want the inclusion of a “just transition” framework which will protect workers and communities in the transition towards environmentally sustainable, socially just and equitable development. We want emerging economies to speed up their efforts in transforming their economies into more sustainable ones. Polluting developed countries and industries must be held accountable, and cleaner technologies must be introduced for any new coal fired power plants. As South Africa ramps up capacity to massively invest in the green energy sector, the energy mix must exclude nuclear energy and oppose the World Bank control of climate finance. Adaptation needs to be put back on the agenda.

For trade unionists, a viable solution to climate change will not be found unless we also combat social injustice and the system that created the problems in the first place; it requires a more socially, economically and environmentally sustainable society.

Without a strong and innovative multilateral solution, the main victims of social and environmental changes will be the communities, in particular women in developing countries. Equity, human and workers’ rights, and environmental action must all be tackled in order to resolve this situation.

Workplace actions are crucial in order to achieve change. Workers and workplaces need pro-active and preventive policies to be put in place regarding adaptation to climate change, as well as the potential impacts of mitigation policies.

WITHOUT A STRONG AND INNOVATIVE MULTILATERAL SOLUTION, THE MAIN

VICTIMS OF SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES WILL BE THE COMMUNITIES

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A WOMAN IN A JOHANNESBURG TOWNSHIP TENDS TO HER CHILD BY THE LIGHT OF A GAS STOVE. 25 PER CENT OF SOUTH AFRICANS DO NOT HAVE ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY


Anabela Lemos is director of JA! Justica Ambiental. Based in Maputo, Mozambique, JA! (which means ‘Now!’ in English) works very closely with communities to promote the cause of environmental health and justice in the country.

Almost a decade ago, civil society organisations from all over the world converged in South Africa for the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD). The air was thick with their hope that “climate change” would be firmly placed as the defining issue of our time, and there would be urgency to find solutions on how to tackle it. However, the influence and power of corporations, guided by their shortsightedness of greed and profit, compromised the outcome of the WSSD, making it a huge disappointment without an agreement or any real commitment from governments and institutions.

Since then the disappointments have been magnified, and today we find ourselves converging once again in South Africa, this time for the COP 17 in Durban. We have witnessed almost 10 years of inaction and false solutions, but I cannot stop and even think of the possibility of Africa not having the power to change this path. After all, if we don’t find true solutions and reach an agreement on an emissions target very soon, Africa will pay the highest price.

So why are African governments not taking the lead in finding solutions and calling for stronger emissions targets of a maximum of one degree centigrade temperature rise above pre-industrial levels? Why aren’t African governments at the same time demanding that developed countries cut 50 per cent emissions at the source based on the 1990 levels and within the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol which lasts from 2013 to 2017?

CLIMATE CHANGE AND MOZAMBIQUE: A CIVIL SOCIETY PERSPECTIVE

DO GOVERNMENTS REALLY WANT TO TACKLE THE ROOT CAUSES OF “CLIMATE CHANGE”?

By Anabela Lemos

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Why?

The sobering answer is revealed when we see the destructive development path that Mozambique is hurtling down; hence it becomes clear why we, as Mozambican civil society, do not have much hope in our government’s position for COP 17 or the solutions that pretend to arise from it.

With its 2,700 km long coastline Mozambique has been recognised as one of Africa’s most vulnerable countries to climate change. Over 60 per cent of the nation’s population, approximately 20.5 million people, live in coastal areas which in many instances are low-lying areas with sandy beaches, estuaries and mangroves. Daily life and even mere survival in these areas depends highly on local resources like rain-fed agriculture and fishing, while infrastructure remains non-existent or weak at best.

According to a 2009 study by the National Institute for the Management of Calamities, Mozambique’s exposure to the risk of increased natural disasters will increase significantly over the next 20 years as a result of climate change. Projections for the central area include more intense cyclones, rising sea levels and the risk of drought throughout the Zambezi Valley. It is also expected that there will be rainfall reductions upstream in Zimbabwe and Zambia which could significantly reduce the river flow in Mozambique, particularly in the Zambezi and Save. This may have implications for the supply of hydroelectric power from Cahora Bassa.

The study also described the extent of the increased vulnerability of Mozambique, which depends on its ability to adapt, and also largely depends on the path of economic development and technology that the country will adopt.

But this study from a government institution, and other studies, research and projections on climate change in Mozambique are ignored by our government when taking crucial development decisions for the country. On one side we are receiving funds for climate change disasters, for mitigation and adaptation, while on the other we are building mega dams to export energy which further compromises our rivers, and we continue to explore one of the worst polluting energy sources, coal! All this at a time when we should instead focus on our potential for renewable energy sources like solar and wind, which will also increase energy access to the 80 per cent of the Mozambicans that do not have access today.

Africa’s industrial emissions are significantly lower than the other continents, but we think it is still vital to focus on renewable energy, efficiency and a sustainable development path, not the same destructive Western-style approach which has produced the mess we are in today. We need to have more data on our emissions, for Mozambique specifically, and we need to know the level of emissions from the large annual forest fires, extensive charcoal use, uncontrolled forest loss and industry emissions.


MOZAMBIQUE HAS BEEN RECOGNISED AS ONE OF AFRICA’S MOST VULNERABLE COUNTRIES TO CLIMATE CHANGE

But, who cares?

Who cares if the mining exploration pollutes the Zambezi, emits increased CO2, and puts at risk the livelihoods of thousands of people that depend on the river?

Who cares that the government plans to build another one or two more dams on the Zambezi, when the energy is not even for the people of the country, and the rainfall scenarios projected in various studies forecast a reduction on river flows?

Who cares that plantation projects are approved as reforestations to mitigate climate changes, but in reality they are exotic, non-native trees, monocultures that are destroying the real vibrant forest and important ecosystems?

These are a few of my country’s glaring contradictions that no one with a rational mind can reconcile. While rural people are being impacted by climate change, decisions-makers are approving development projects that will only increase the vulnerability of the people and the country. This cannot be for lack of knowledge of the situation; if we are involved in climate change negotiations, emissions talks, and are receiving funding for mitigation and adaptation, then how can projects like these even be approved? In a world that urgently needs emissions decreased the government goes ahead with projects that will increase emissions, and also increases vulnerability of climate impacts for the poorest.

Are we missing something here? Is a project like this economically viable? Is it climatically viable? Is it sustainable socially and environmentally?

To make things worse so-called “compensation” measures such as Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), or the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) are more dangerous and are just another tool to allow the rich country polluters to carry on polluting. All these mechanisms and funds are distracting the government and the people from the real solutions, and as such the interest in really tackling climate change is being dismissed as an illusion.

As COP 17 nears, how can we believe in a true agreement for the benefit of the people with governments like ours? If we want to tackle climate change and stop Africa from being raped once again, we the people need to raise our voices and fight for a just and fair process and agreement derived of the people, for the people, by the people. Can we all make it happen in Durban?


FISHING AND FARMING COMMUNITIES ALL ALONG THE BANKS OF THE ZAMBEZI RIVER HAVE HAD TO MOVE THEIR FAMILIES INLAND TO AVOID FLOODING AND HAVE LOST ACCESS TO FARMLANDS

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On 27 June ACTSA held a vigil at the Zimbabwe Embassy in London to mark the third anniversary of the violent 2008 presidential run off. ACTSA supporters were joined by the Zimbabwe Vigil, trade unionists and student leaders to send a clear message to the Zimbabwean government to stop the violence and for any elections to be free and fair. Over 1,300 ‘Stop the Violence’ tags signed by supporters were presented on the day, attached to bunches of roses.

SWAZILAND

On 6 September Swaziland marked the 43rd anniversary of its independence from Britain. On what should have been a day of celebration, thousands took to the streets calling for democracy and rights. Protests continued throughout the week on a scale not seen before.

To mark the day, ACTSA supporters held a vigil for democracy and rights outside the Swaziland High Commission in London. Ahead of the vigil over 130 people sent in postcards calling for the release of political prisoners. Many more sent emails to the Swaziland High Commission as part of a joint action we have been running with the National Union of Students.

UN WOMEN

Late last year world leaders agreed that UN Women would require at least $500 million a year to operate. Sadly, eight months after the new agency was established those same governments have committed less than a quarter of that amount. High hopes have been set for UN Women, not least by those it should be defending, but many are asking, what impact can it have when it is operating on a shoestring? The British government has spoken positively about women and development but have only committed £10 million to UN Women. Shockingly, it is the second highest donor to date.

ZIMBABWE


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On 9 August, South Africa’s Women’s Day, ACTSA launched an action calling on Secretary of State for International Development, Andrew Mitchell, to at least double the UK’s pledge to UN Women to £21 million, the same as they committed to the UN Children’s Fund in 2009. Thanks to all of you who took part in the action, you can see the Secretary of State’s response on the ACTSA website.

We have produced a series of presentations on gender and development in southern Africa. If you would like a copy for your group or organisation, please contact the ACTSA office.

CLIMATE CHANGE

The United Nations Climate Change Conference in Durban at the end of 2011 provides a unique opportunity to get world leaders to ‘listen to southern Africa’ on climate change. In the run up to the conference ACTSA is running a series of actions which will highlight the calls of many in the region for a fair deal on climate change. On the back of this issue of ACTSA News you will find a postcard to the UK government. We will create a giant montage of ears in the shape of a map of Africa, on the theme of ‘listen to southern Africa’. Use your camera phone to text or email a picture of your right ear to 07809396130 or [email protected]. We will present your cards and ears to the government ahead of the Durban conference. Our Annual Conference on 29 October will be on the theme of climate change. Participants will hear from activists both from southern Africa and the UK.

YOUTH AND STUDENT DELEGATION

ACTSA’s sixth youth and student delegation took place at the beginning of September. Ten activists joined ACTSA staff on a visit that took them to Cape Town, Johannesburg, Pretoria and Swaziland. Delegates met with their peers in trade unions and youth, student and civil society organisations in southern Africa to build solidarity and longstanding links between them. Amongst the highlights were an evening with Rivonia trialist Denis Goldberg, meeting with pro democracy activists in Swaziland and seeing the work of groups active on HIV/AIDS including the Treatment Action Campaign and Swaziland Positive Living. The group are now eagerly putting their experiences into action with initiatives from talks to photo exhibitions for community, youth, student and trade union groups. Thanks to Coca Cola Great Britain for its continued support for the delegation.

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WINTER 2011 / POVERTY, RIGHTS, CLIMATE CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT / PAGE 14

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ACTSA AND CHARITABLE STATUS

Shortly after this ACTSA News goes to print, ACTSA will hold our Annual General Meeting, at which the National Executive Council (NEC) is recommending that ACTSA apply for charitable status. It is also proposing a constitutional amendment to update ACTSA’s aims and objectives.

In 2006 charity law changed, and the advancement of human rights is now an accepted charitable object. The NEC view is that ACTSA would be able to do what it has been doing and wishes to do if it were a charity. ACTSA will continue as a campaigning organisation. As a charity, ACTSA would be able to seek new sources of funding from trusts and foundations which will only donate to registered charities, and we would be able to claim gift aid on donations and our membership fees.

If you would like more information, a detailed paper the NEC considered at its July 2011 meeting is available on request. Please contact the office on [email protected] or 020 3263 2001.

WHAT CAN YOU DO TO SUPPORT ACTSA?

These are difficult times for many of us, and ACTSA could not survive without the generosity of our members and supporters. Here are just a couple of ways you could support ACTSA in the coming months. Please email [email protected] or call 020 3263 2001 for more information.

LEAVE ACTSA A GIFT IN YOUR WILL

November is Make a Will Month. If you’re thinking of writing or updating your will, please consider leaving a gift to ACTSA. It costs you nothing now, and helps ensure our future.

ANNUAL FUNDRAISING DINNER

Tickets for ACTSA’s fundraising dinner, which takes place on 25 November, cost just £50, and are available now from the office. We are grateful to His Excellency Dr. Zola Skweyiya for once again opening the doors of South Africa House to ACTSA’s supporters.

VIRGIN LONDON MARATHON 2012

Fancy a challenge in 2012? ACTSA has a limited number of guaranteed entries for the 2012 Virgin London Marathon. Apply for your place now on our website, or by emailing [email protected]

Dear Secretary of State,

Global warming is devastating millions of lives in Africa. Droughts and food shortages will only get worse unless world leaders take radical action now.

The UN climate conference in Durban provides an opportunity for those most affected by climate change to be heard in the debate. I join with southern Africans in calling for international action which tackles the causes of climate change, meets needs and rights, enables countries to reduce poverty, and creates decent sustainable employment.

I call on you to:

• Listen to the voices and concerns of southern Africans and lead the call for effective action now.

• Push for an equitable and binding deal in which developed countries act first to reduce their emissions.

• Ensure there is substantial new funding to enable developing countries to tackle the causes of climate change and deal with its impact.

The time to act is now.

Yours sincerely

No stamp is required but using one saves

funds for our campaigning

ACTSA

Freepost RRLK-YXAZ-BHZB

London

SW1V 1AD

Name

Address

Email

Climate Change: Listen to Southern Africa The voices of those most affected by global warming have until now been ignored. The UN climate change conference in Durban provides an opportunity to change that and ensure that the alleviation of poverty, the creation of decent jobs and upholding of human rights are considered.

Please fill in, cut out and return the campaign card to the ACTSA office. We’ll present it to Chris Huhne, Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, before he goes to the conference.

Email us on [email protected] for extra campaign cards.

Lend us your ears Take a photograph of your right ear and text it, along with your name, to 07809396130 or email it to [email protected]. We’ll use it to create a giant montage in the shape of a map of Africa to reinforce our message: ‘Listen to Southern Africa’, which we will present to Chris Huhne. We will need hundreds of ears to make this work, so please get your friends and family involved.

take action

“…OUR CHILDREN AND THE FUTURE GENERATIONS HAVE A RIGHT TO A WORLD WHICH WILL ALSO NEED ENERGY, SHOULD BE FREE OF POLLUTION, SHOULD BE RICH WITH BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND SHOULD HAVE A CLIMATE WHICH WILL SUSTAIN ALL FORMS OF LIFE.”

Wangari Muta Mathaai, Nobel Peace Prize winner and founder of the Green Belt Movement

actsa news winter 2011 - poverty, rights and climate change

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