[acs symposium series] lignin: historical, biological, and materials perspectives volume 742 ||...

Lignin: Historical, Biological, and Materials Perspectives

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In Lignin: Historical, Biological, and Materials Perspectives; Glasser, W., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1999.

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ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 742

Lignin: Historical, Biological, and Materials Perspectives

Wolfgang G. Glasser, EDITOR Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Robert A. Northey, EDITOR University of Washington

Tor P. Schultz, EDITOR Mississippi State University

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QK 898 .L5L545 2000 c.1

Lignin : historical, biological, and materials

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Lignin : historical, biological, and materials perspectives / Wolfgang G. Glasser, Robert A. Northey, Tor P. Schultz [editors]

p. cm.—(ACS symposium series : 742)

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

ISBN 0-8412-3611-9

1. Lignin. I. Northey, Robert Α., 1957- . II. Glasser, Wolfgang G., 1941-III. Schultz, Tor P., 1953- . IV. Series.

QK898.L5L545 1999 572'.56682—dc21 99-16985

CIP

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printer Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-94 1984.

Copyright © 2000 American Chemical Society

Distributed by Oxford University Press

All Rights Reserved. Reprographic copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act is allowed for internal use only, provided that a per-chapter fee of $20.00 plus $0.50 per page is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Republication or reproduction for sale of pages in this book is permitted only under license from ACS. Direct these and other permissions requests to ACS Copyright Office, Publications Division, 1155 16th Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20036.

The citation of trade names and/or names of manufacturers in this publication is not to be construed as an endorsement or as approval by ACS of the commercial products or services referenced herein; nor should the mere reference herein to any drawing, specification, chemical process, or other data be regarded as a license or as a conveyance of any right or permission to the holder, reader, or any other person or corporation, to manufacture, reproduce, use, or sell any patented invention or copyrighted work that may in any way be related thereto. Registered names, trademarks, etc., used in this publication, even without specific indication thereof, are not to be considered unprotected by law.

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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Advisory Board A C S Symposium Series

Mary E . Castellion ChemEdit Company

Arthur B. Ell is University of Wisconsin at Madison

Jeffrey S. Gaffney Argonne National Laboratory

Gunda I. Georg University of Kansas

Lawrence P. Klemann Nabisco Foods Group

Richard N. Loeppky University of Missouri

Cynthia A . Maryanoff R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical

Research Institute

Roger A . Minear University of Illinois

at Urbana-Champaign

Omkaram Nalamasu AT&T Bell Laboratories

Kinam Park Purdue University

Katherine R. Porter Duke University

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Martin R. Tant Eastman Chemical Co.

Michael D . Taylor Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical

Research

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Will iam C. Walker DuPont Company

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Foreword

THE A C S SYMPOSIUM SERIES was first published in 1974 to provide a mechanism for publishing symposia quickly in book form. The purpose of the series is to publish timely, comprehensive books developed from A C S sponsored symposia based on current scientific research. Occasionally, books are developed from symposia sponsored by other organizations when the topic is of keen interest to the chemistry audience.

Before agreeing to publish a book, the proposed table of contents is reviewed for appropriate and comprehensive coverage and for interest to the audience. Some papers may be excluded in order to better focus the book; others may be added to provide comprehensiveness. When appropriate, overview or introductory chapters are added. Drafts of chapters are peer-reviewed prior to final acceptance or rejection, and manuscripts are prepared in camera-ready format.

A s a rule, only original research papers and original review papers are included in the volumes. Verbatim reproductions of previously published papers are not accepted.

A C S BOOKS DEPARTMENT

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Dedication

Joseph L. McCarthy 1997 Anselme Payne Award Recipient

Joseph McCarthy has made significant contributions on a wide range of topics dealing with the chemistry and processing of wood, with an emphasis on by-product utilization. Ever since his dissertation, "The Mechanism of Chlorination of Lignin", was patented and immediately put into commercial practice (at a Howard Smith Paper-mill near Montreal) as the basis for bleaching of kraft pulp, Joe's research contributions have met the requirements of practical relevance while providing excellent science. For example, during Joe's first days at the University of Washington, the Puget Sound Pulp and Timber Plant sulfite mill in Bellingham, Washington, came into conflict with effluent discharge regulations. McCarthy's research on both ethanol production from spent liquor and lignin sulfonates quickly became the basis for the Bellingham plant's (now owned by Georgia-Pacific) commercial leadership in the lignin-sulfonate markets. A "Pulp Mills Research" (PMR) program was started at the University of Washington with support from industry in response to the concerns of fishermen and oyster growers in the Puget Sound with the discharge of spent sulfite liquor from pulp mills. During a 13 year period, 1944-1957, this PMR program became the cornerstone of McCarthy's initial contribution to the science and engineering of chemical wood processes by focusing on kraft mill odor reduction and spent sulfite

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liquor utilization. Today, sulfite mills in the Pacific Northwest no longer discharge spent sulfite liquor. Other research on the industrial practice of pulp and papermaking has dealt with different areas including the thermodynamics of sulfur dioxide solutions, the composition and analysis of spent sulfite liquors, the recovery of heat and chemicals from spent pulping liquors, the thermodynamics of combustion of various spent sulfite liquor bases, sugar fermentation to ethanol, the structure and reaction of lignin sulfonates, the purification of kraft mill effluents by steam stripping, and the recovery of by-products of spent kraft black liquors by ultrafiltration.

Nearly 50 graduate students have graduated from McCarthy's laboratory and more than 25 postdoctoral research associates have been guided by him into fruitful careers. His work has been a living example of the pleasures of excelling at one's actions and his motto—"Don't do it unless it's fun"—serves as an inspiration for all scientists.

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[acs symposium series] lignin: historical, biological, and materials perspectives volume 742 ||...

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