acoustic doppler current profiler (adcp) - nio

Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP)mooring deployment operations underway onboard in the Arabian seaSagar Manjusha

CONTENTS

inadoSak kI irpaoT-

Director’s Report

Sponsored Projects

Research Cruises

Deputations

Events

Awards & Recognitions

Patents & Publications

Finances & Human Resource

Research Council

Supra Institutional Projects:

Biotechnology Projects

Science for development of a forecasting system for waters around India

Network Project

Other Projects

Understanding Coastal Upwelling : A system biology approachto delineate web dynamics from primary to tirtiary level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Ecobiogeography of the estuarine and coastal waters of the southwest coast of India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Impact on the coastal zone due to natural and anthropogenic pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Engineering analysis of coastal processes for marine structures andtechnology development towards marine activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Role of the Equatorial Indian Ocean processes on the Climate Variability (EIO-CLIVAR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Observing and modelling the interaction between Indian Ocean,atmosphere and coastal seas (OMICS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Physical and biogeochemical dynamics of estuarine and coastalecosystem along the east coast of India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Atmosphere carbon dioxide sequestration through fertilization of a high-nutrients-lowchlorophyll (HNLC) oceanic region with iron

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Bioprospecting and biotechnology of marine microorganisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Habitat Ecology and aquaculture of marine organisms for foodand medicine and chemical synthesis of novel compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Evaluation, mechanism and control of biofilm and biofouling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Bioactive molecules from marine environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Environmental Impact Analyses of offshore mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Exploration of deep sea mineral resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Geological, geophysical, geochemical and microbial studies of theIndian continental margins to decipher gas hydrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Deciphering deep crustal structure, tectonic processes and evolutionof the Indian continental margins and adjoining ocean basins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Biominerals from the continental margins and conditions for their formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Applications of geological and geophysical methods in marine archaeologyand underwater explorations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Marine Pollution Assessment and Ecotoxicology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Paleooceanography of the northern Indian Ocean - An interdisciplinary approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Autonomous Vehicles and Instrumentation for Oceanography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Structure, tectonics and morphology of ECMI and Bengal Fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Seabed survey of the Exclusive Economic Zone of India by using multi-beam Sonar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Tectonic controls and hydrothermal processes along the slow spreading mid-ocean ridgesand the Andaman trench-backarc system, Indian Ocean. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

in combination with

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

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Biogeochemical and ecosystem responses to global climate change and anthropogenicpertubations, and transfers across interfaces in the north Indian Ocean

Genesis, Evaluation and Tectonic Framework of Marine Mineral and Energy Resources (GETMER) Projects

gyaarhvaIM pMcavaYaI-ya yaaojanaa kop``qama vaYa- kI yah irpao-T hO,, [sailae saMsqaana ko[sa yaaojanaa ko paMca vaYaao-M ko daoOrana p`mauKAnausaMQaana piryaaojanaaAaoM ka Avalaaokna krnaa maooOM]icat samaJata hUM.

2007 2012 ko daoOrana janaSai> AaOr inavaoSakI BaagaIdarI ko saMdBa- maoM raYT/Iya samaud` iva&anasaMsqaana ra,, sa iva saM kI Aiga`ma saMsqaagatpiryaaojanaa sabasao baD,I piryaaojanaa hO. [sapiryaaojanaa kao samaudÌ pya-avarNa ko pUva-anaumaanako ilae iva&ana ko $p maoM phcaanaa gayaa hOijasamaoM ]<ar ihnd mahasaagar kI tTIyamahaWIpIya Saolf AaoOr Zala jvaar eMva BaUmaQya

roKIya xao~aoM ko mau#ya phlauAaoM pr samaya saairNaIbaw k`maSa: evaM Anya AaMkD,aoM kao eki~tkrnaa Saaimala hO. jabaik samaya saarNaI AaMkD,oMpàqaimak $p sao BaaOitk phlauAaoM pr haogaoM eosaoAaMkDoM rasaayainak evaM jaOivak AMgaaoM pr BaI hOM]sakI vaarMvaairta kma haogaI.[saka AMitma]_oSya yah hO ik hmaarI vaO&ainak samaJa evaM [naAaMkDaoM ko maa^Dla tOyaar krnao kI kuSalata kaodoKnaa hO.yaid BaartIya tT ko samaudÌ ivaivaQatako pUvaa-naumaana krnao maoM [na maa^DlaaoM ka ]pyaaoga kIhmaarI pyaa-Pt kuSlata p`maaiNat hu[- tao yao maa^DlaBaart sarkar ko pRqvaI iva&ana maM~alaya kaoina%ya$p sao pUvaa-naumaana krnao ko ilae saaOMpajaaegaa.hmaoM AaSaa hO ik eosao p`maaiNat ikyao huepUvaa-naumaana lagaanao vaalao maa^DlaaoM Wara samaudÌgaitivaiQayaaoM sao jauDo, samaudayaaoM kao laaBa haogaa. [sabahuivaYayaI piryaaojanaa ka ivastar Anaok AMgaaoM saojaOsao ivaSauw iva&ana ]saka p`yaaoga samaaja kI]pyaaoigata sao haogaa.

samaud` maoM kaba-na ka` pRqakIkrNa ijasamaoM naa[T/oTkI pyaa-Pt AapUit- prntu laaOh saIimat hO jaaopadplvak Wara kaba-na Da[Aa^@saa[D kao isqarkrta hO yah ek saI esa Aa[- Aar kImaht\vapUNa- sahyaaogaI piryaaojanaa hO ijasakara sa iva saM naotR%va krta hO. 2009 maoMbaòmarhovaona jama-naI isqat Alf`òD vaoganar saMsqaanako sahyaaoga sao haonao vaalaa ek p`yaaoga [sapiryaaojanaa ka kond` ibandu hO.yah piryaaojanaa hmaoM[sa saMBaavanaa pr nayaa dRiYTkaoNa idKaegaIijasasao mahasaagaraoM ka p`yaaoga krko vaatavarNa saokaba-na Da[Aa^@saa[D ka SaaoYaNa krnaa AaOr [sa

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yah yaaojanaa [sa irpaoT- kosaUcaI piryaaojanaaAaoM kI AnauvatI- hO.

p`kar jalavaayau pirvat-na sao saamanaa krnao ko ilaeBaU AiBayaaMi~kI kao yaM~ p`dana krogaI.

[sa pMcavaYaI-ya yaaojanaa maoM AnausaMQaana ko ilae Anyadao ivaYaya BaI hOM.samaudÌ BaUiva&ana evaM jaIvaSaas~AaOr jaOva tknaIk.phlaa jaao gaoTmaor p`qaxaamarInaama sao svaIkRt hO ijasamaoM samaip-t ivaYaya gahrosamaudÌ KinajaaoM ka AnvaoYaNa jaOsao bahuQaai%vakipMD gaOsa ha[D`/oT kI Kaoja mahaWIpIya saImaaAaoMka evaM saaqa ko samaudàoM ka ivakasa AaOr AnyaivaYaya jaao ]<ar ihnd mahasaagar ko samaud` BaUiva&anasao jauDo, hue hOM. jaIvaaSma sao jauDo piryaaojanaa maoM k[-ivaYaya Saaimala hOM jaOsao AaOYaQa inamaa-Na ko ilae nayaobaayaaoei@Tva ANauAaoM kI Kaoja jaOvapTla evaMjaOvajamaava ka AQyayana jalakRiYa jaOvaGausapOztqaa samaudÌ pairisqaitkI.

hmaoM AaSaa hO ik [na piryaaojanaaAaoM sao eosaoinaYkYa- inaklaogaoM ijanasao saMsqaana ka gaaOrvabaZ,ogaa. [sa pìtvaodna ka AiQaktma\ ihssaa

maoM hue AnausaMQaana ka byaaOra ]plabQakrata hO. yah pìtvaodna saMsqaana maoM hue Anyakaya-k`ma jaOsao kaya-SaalaaeM evaM sammaolanavyaa#yaana samaJaaOto Aaid pr BaI p`kaSa DalatahO.

maOM 2007 08 maoM hu[- dao GaTnaaAaoM ka ]llaoKkrnaa ]icat samaJata hUM jaao saMsqaana ka BaivaYya]jjavala krogaoM.p`qama saI esa Aa[- Aar kIsaMcaalana maMDla nao ra,,.sa.iva .saM ko [sa p`stavakao Anaumaaoidt kr idyaa ijasamaoM Baart ko tTisqat mahaWIpIya Saolf evaM Zala pr iksaI BaImaaOsama maoM ]pyaaoga AanaovaalaI ]plabQa jalapaot kaoAija-t krnaa qaa.[sa Anaumaaodna sao vaYa- 2008maoM ]pyau,,,,,,<a jalapaot KrIdnao ka rasta saaf haojaanaa caaihe. dUsarI, mah%vapUNa- GaTnaa maoM saMsqaanako ilae ek 80 maITr lambaa[- ka sadabaharsamaudÌ AnausaMQaana paot ko inamaa-Na ko ilaee vaI jaI iSapyaaD- saUrt ko saaqa AnaubaMQa prhstaxar ikyao gayao. yah jalapaot 2011 maoMsaMsqaana kao ]plabQa haonao kI saMBaavanaa hO.daonaaoMjalapaot Baart sao jauDo, hue samaudàoM evaM AnyajagahaoM ka Avalaaokna krnao maoM saMsqaana kI xamatabaZayaogaoM.

A%yaMt du:K ko saaqa maOM ]llaoK krnaa caahUMgaakI ra, , sa iva saM ko tIsaro inadoSakDa^ vaI vaI Aar vardacaarI ka 4 Agast 2007

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kao dohavasaana hao gayaa.vao svatM~ Baart ko phlaoBaaOitk samaud` vaO&ainakaoM maoM sao ek qao.ra,, sa iva saM ko inadoSak haonao ko naato Aapnao phlaocaar AMTak-iTk jaanaovaalao SaaoQa yaa~aAaoM kaAayaaojana ikyaa ijasasao doSa kI klpnaa Sai<a kaobaZavaa tao imalaa hI prntu ra,, sa iva saM kI #yaaitsaudUr fOlaI jaao samaud` iva&ana eMva sahbaw ivaYayaaoMka AnausaMQaana krnao maoM jauD,a hO.saMsqaana kopàrimBak kala maoM saccaa[- evaM nyaayainaYza sao BarahuAa Aapka inadoSana smarNaIya rhogaa.

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inadoSak kI irpaoT-inadoSak kI irpaoT-

inadoSak kI irpaoT-

This report covers the first year ofthe 11th Five Year Plan, whichspans 2007–2012. It is thereforeapt that I begin by providing anoverview of the projects that willform core of the research to becarried out in the institute duringthe five years of the plan period.The schematic following this reportlists the projects.

The largest project, both in termsof involvement of manpower andinvestment, during 2007-12 isNIO's “Supra Institutional Project”.The project often dubbed as'Science for ocean forecasting'involves collection of high-qualitytime-series and other data onmajor variables in coastal(continental shelf and slope),estuarine and equatorial regions ofthe north Indian Ocean. While thetime-series data will be primarilyon physical variables, such dataon chemical and biologicalvariables but at a lower frequencyare also planned. The ultimategoal is to see how good ourscientific understanding and ourskill is to model these data. If theskill is found to be good enough touse the models for forecasting ofmarine variables along the coast ofIndia, then the models will bemade available to the Ministry ofEarth Sciences, Government ofIndia, for its routine operationalforecasts. We expect that thesewell tested models will be ofbenefit to the maritime communitythat uses the forecasts. Thismultidisciplinary project thusspans a variety of avenues: purescience, applications and societalneeds.

An important CSIR NetworkProject (i.e. other CSIR laboratoriesparticipate in the project) led byNIO is a project to study carbonsequestration in the oceanicregimes that have sufficient supplyof nitrates, but are iron-limited toallow fixing of carbon dioxide byphytoplankton. The centre-pieceof this project is an experimentthat will be carried out inassociation with Alfred WegenerInstitute, Bremerhaven, Germany,during early 2009. The project isexpected to provide new insights in

the possibility of using the oceansto drawdown carbon dioxide fromthe atmosphere, and hence providea tool for geo-engineering to facethe climate change.

The Five Year Plan covers two otherareas of research; marine geology,and biology and biotechnology.The former, which carries theacronym GETMER (Genesis,Evaluation and TectonicFramework of Marine Mineral andEnergy Resources) is dedicated toexploration of deep sea mineralresources (polymetallic nodules, forexample), search for gas hydrates,study of evolution of continentalmargins and adjoining seas, andother issues related to marinegeology of the north Indian Ocean.The project dedicated to biologycovers a number of topicsincluding search for bioactivemolecules of interest in drugdevelopment, study of biofilms andbiofouling, aquaculture,bioinvasion and marineecosystems.

We sincerely hope that all theseprojects will produce results thatwill make the institute proud.Bulk of this report summarizesfindings published by theseprojects during 2007-08. Thereport also provides an overview ofother activities, like workshops andconferences organized in theinstitute, lectures delivered, MoUssigned, etc.

I should mention here two eventsduring 2007-08 that will have along-term impact on the well beingof the institute. During the yearthe Governing Body of CSIR passeda resolution endorsing NIO'srequest to acquire an availablevessel for use as an all-seasonresearch vessel in the continentalshelf and slope areas of India. Thisendorsement should pave the wayto acquisition of a suitable vesselin the year 2008. Another, equallyimportant event was signing of acontract with ABG Shipyard,Surat, to construct a new 80 m allweather ocean research vessel forthe institute. The ship is expectedto join the institute in 2011. Boththese ships will enhance the

institute's ability to observe theseas around India and elsewhere.

It is with sadness that I note herethat on 4 August 2007 wereceived news of passing away ofNIO's third Director, Dr. V.V.R.Varadachari. He was one of thefirst physical oceanographers ofindependent India. As Director ofNIO, he played a key role inorganizing the first fourexpeditions to Antarctica, whichcaught imagination of the country,and made NIO much better knownas a research centre dedicated tostudy of oceans and allied topics.He will be remembered for hissincerity and honesty whilemanaging this institute during itsformative days.

th

Director’s Report

NIO's Research Projects during 11 Five Year Plan (2007-2012)th

NIO's Research Projects during 11 Five Year Plan (2007-2012)th

Biology &

BiotechnologyGETMER Others

NWP0014- Atmosphere

carbon dioxide

sequestration through

fertilization of a high-

nutrients-low chlorophyll

(HNLC) oceanic region

with iron.

in combination with

OLP0016-

Biogeochemical and

ecosystem responses to

global climate change

and anthropogenic

perturbations, and

transfers across

interfaces in the North

Indian Ocean.

CMM0008 - Acquisition of

oceanographic research

vessel (ORV) for

oceanographic research.

OLP0001-Bioprospecting

and biotechnology of

marine microorganisms.

OLP0002-Habitat

ecology, controlled

reproduction and

conservation of marine

organisms with food and

medicinal values.

OLP0004-Evaluation,

mechanism and control

of biofilm and biofouling.

OLP0005-Bioactive

metabolites from marine

environment.

OLP0006- Environmental

impact analyses of

mining of marine

minerals.

OLP0011- Genesis and

occurrence of deep sea

mineral deposits

(Polymetallic Nodules).

OLP0012-Integrated

studies to understand the

behaviour of the

geobiological environs in

deciphering gas hydrate

occurrence along the

Indian continental

margins.

OLP0018-Deciphering

deep crustal structure,

tectonic processes and

evolution of the Indian

continental margins and

adjoining ocean basins.

OLP0019-Biominerals

from the continental

margins and conditions

for their formation.

OLP0020-Seamount

ferromanganese crusts in

northern Indian Ocean:

Genesis,

paleoceanography, and

resource potential.

OLP0003- Indian climate

and phytoplankton

variability.

OLP0008- Application of

geological and geophysical

methods in marine

archaeology and

underwater explorations.

OLP0009- Marine pollution

assessment and

ecotoxicology.

OLP0010 -

Paleoceanography of the

northern Indian Ocean - an

interdisciplinary approach.

OLP0013- Autonomous

vehicles and

instrumentation for

oceanography.

OLP0014- Marine

environmental studies for

sustainable developments

in the coastal zone of

India.

OLP0015- Structure,

tectonics and morphology

of ECMI and Bengal Fan.

OLP0021-Tectonic controls

and hydrothermal

processes along the slow

spreading mid-ocean

ridges and the Andaman

trench-back arc system,

Indian Ocean.

OLP0022- Applications of

marine geo-scientific

methods to fulfill scientific

& industrial research

objectives.

SIP1301

SIP1302

SIP1303

SIP1304

SIP1305

SIP1306

SIP1307

SIP1308

-Understanding

coastal upwelling- A

System biology approach

to delineate web-dynamics

from primary to tertiary

levels.

-Eco-

biogeography of the

estuarine and coastal

waters of the southwest

coast of India.

- Impact on the

coastal zone due to natural

and anthropogenic

pressures.

-Observations of

sea level and surface

meteorological data from

coastal locations.

-Engineering

analysis of coastal

processes for marine

structures and technology

development towards

marine activities.

-Role of the

equatorial Indian Ocean

processes on the climate

variability (EIO-CLIVAR).

- Observing and

modelling the interaction

between Indian Ocean,

atmosphere and coastal

seas (OMICS).

-Physical and

biogeochemical dynamics

of estuarine and coastal

ecosystems along the east

coast of India.

Understanding the Coastal Upwelling : A system biology approachto delineate Web-dynamics from primary to tirtiary level

“Trade–off” in Antarcticbacteria: limneticpsychrotrophs concedemultiple enzyme expressionsfor multiple metal resistanceDeSouza, M.J.B.D.; LokaBharathi, P.A.;Nair, S.; Chandramohan, D.

The metal and antibiotic resistantbacteria in ice and water fromlakes east and west of the Indianbase camp (Maitri) in Antarcticawas studied. The isolates fromwestern and eastern lakes showeddistinct geographical differences inproperties like metal resistanceand enzyme expression, whichwas attributed to high organicloading in the lakes on the west ofMaitri. However, there was nomarked geographical distinction inantibiotic resistance between thelakes. Bacteria from the lakes onthe eastern side showed resistanceto three or more metals includingmercury while, those from thewestern were resistant to only 1–2metals excluding mercury. Multiple

enzyme expression was morepronounced in the lakes on thewestern side. On the eastern sidemultiple metal resistance wasencountered in bacterial isolatesassociated with fewer enzymeexpressions suggesting a 'tradeoff'.Thus the Antarctic isolates fromthe east trade their ability toexpress multiple enzymes fordeveloping resistance to multiplemetals including mercury.

The Mandovi and Chapora, (Goa,India) are two tropical estuarieslying in close geographic proximityon the west coast of India.Seasonal changes in down corevariation of Fe, Mn and TotalOrganic Carbon (TOC) in themangrove sediments adjoiningthese estuaries were studied to

Bacterial contribution tomitigation of iron andmanganese in mangrovesedimentsKrishnan, K.P.; Fernandes, S.O.;Chandan, G.S.; LokaBharathi, P.A.

assess their influence on some ofthe representative benthic bacteriabelonging to heterotrophic andautotrophic groups. Heterotrophicbacteria (HB) cultured on differentnutrient concentrations (0.01 %,0.1 % and 25 %) together withnitrifiers (NtB; representatingautotroph) were chosen to assessthe influence of theabove–mentioned abioticparameters on the former. Theexperimental site located along theMandovi is under the influence ofextensive ferromanganese oremining, while the control site atChapora is relatively free fromsuch influences. Geoaccumulationindex computed for Mandovishowed that sediments (0–10 cm)were 'uncontaminated tomoderately contaminated' by Feduring the pre monsoon andmonsoon seasons, while in thepost monsoon season the 4–10 cmfraction was almost completelyrestored from contamination.Similar computations for Mnshowed that in pre monsoon,sediments fell in the 'moderatelycontaminated' and 'moderately tostrongly contaminated' categories,while in the monsoon and postmonsoon seasons all the sectionswere 'Uncontaminated'. Thedifference observed in correlationbetween Fe and Mn with thevarious fractions of heterotrophsand nitrifiers indicated that thoughthese two elements shared asimilar chemistry in theenvironment, microbes involved inbiogeochemical processes mightprefer them differentially. Therelationship between TOC and HBenumerated on 0.01 % dilutenutrient agar remained at r=0.50,p<0.05 throughout the year.Hence, it could be apparentlylinked to their preferredconcentration of organic carbon

Graph showing reverse trend in isolates having metal resistance and enzymatic expression

0

2

4

6

8

10

Isolates

Num

ber

(No.)

No. of enzymes expressed

No. of metals to which bacteria are resistant

1 11 21 31 41 51 61

The estuaries and the surrounding mangrove swamps influence the adjoining coastal waters primarily through bacterial

processes. Extraneous sources of carbon can even stimulate anaerobic processes like sulfate reduction at near salt saturation in

brine pools of salterns. High metal concentrations could get mitigated with bacterial intervention. However, bacteria that expend

their energy in warding metal toxicity can end up loosing their ability to break down complex polymers. Thus bacterial growth

efficiency could be the key factor that is responsible for carbon flow in aquatic realms. This efficiency has been found to be higher

in the Mandovi-Zuari Estuarine complex at 28% as compared to the adjacent coastal waters at 12% . Coastal studies suggest that

the nitrous oxide emissions from these waters could be related to the productivity driven tighter coupling of nitrification-

denitrification rather than denitrification alone. Besides, nitrification is more regulated by renewal rates rather than the in situ

concentration of the substrate. At the primary trophic levels these processes could influence the phytoplankton community which

could be dominated by centric diatoms in the productive waters closer to the coasts and pinnate forms in the open realms. At the

tertiary levels prevalence and distribution of suctorian ciliates which are epibionts on halacarid mites were examined. Of the four

species described Praethcacineta halacari is reported for the first time in Indian waters.

1

Achuthankutty S.; Ansari Z.A.; Gauns M.U.; Ingole B.S.; Wafar M.V.M.Loka Bharathi P.A.;

requirement. A relationship ofr=0.61, p<0.01 betweenmanganese concentration andheterotrophs recovered on differentstrengths of nutrient agar issuggestive of their response to themetal enrichment. They could thuscontribute towards maintaining thelevel of Mn at par with referencelevels at Chapora. A positivecorrelation between Mn with NtB(n=10, p<0.05, r=0.58) at theexperimental site during the nonmonsoon months is suggestive ofthe latter's contribution toregulation of the metalconcentration in the sedimentprobably through anaerobicnitrification at the expense ofmanganese. The study thereforesupports our hypothesis that bothautochthonous autotrophs andheterotrophs work in tandem tomitigate concentration of Mn andrelated metals in mangrovesediments.

Anoxia over the westerncontinental shelf of India:Bacterial indications ofintrinsic nitrification feedingdenitrificationKrishnan, K.P.; Fernandes, S.O.;LokaBharathi, P.A.; KrishnaKumari, L.;Nair, S.; Pratihary, A.K.; Rao, B.R.

Studies on the Arabian Sea coastalanoxia have been of immenseinterest, but despite its ecologicalsignificance there is sparseunderstanding of the microbesinvolved. Hence, observations werecarried out off Goa (15 30 N, 72 40 Eto 15 30 N, 72 59 E) to understandthe processes that mediate thechanges in various inorganic nitrogenspecies in the water column duringanoxia. Water column chemistryshowed a clear distinct oxicenvironment in the month of Apriland anoxic condition in October. Thisstudy based on microbial signaturesindicated that oxygen deficitappeared as a well-defined nucleusalmost 40 km away from the coastduring the oxic period (April) andspreads there after to the entire watercolumn synchronizing with the waterchemistry. Striking results of netchanges in inorganic nitrogen speciesin nitrification blocked andunblocked experimental systemsshow that denitrification is thepredominant process in the watercolumn consuming available nitrate(~0.5 M) to near zero levels within~ 72 h of incubation. These

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observations have been supported byconcomitant increase in nitriteconcentration (~4 M). Similarstudies on denitrification-blockedincubations, demonstrate thepotential of nitrification to feeddenitrification. Nitrification couldcontribute almost 4.5 M to the totalnitrate pool. It was found that therelation between ammonium andtotal dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) pool (r = 0.98, p<0.001, n = 122)was significant compared to the latterwith nitrite and nitrate. Theoccurrence of high ammonium underlow phosphate conditionscorroborates the observations thatammonium does not appear to belocked under low oxygen regimes. Itis suggested that ammonium activelyproduced by detrital breakdown(ammonification) is efficientlyconsumed through nitrificationprocess. The three processes inconcert viz. ammonification,nitrification and denitrificationappear to operate in more temporaland spatial proximity than hithertoappreciated in these systems and thisgives additional cues on the absenceof measurable nitrate at surfacewaters, which was earlier attributedonly to efficient algal uptake. Hence itis hypothesize that the alarmingnitrous oxide input into theatmosphere could be due to highproductivity driven tighternitrification–denitrification coupling,rather than denitrification driven byextraneous nitrate.

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Stimulation ofsulfate–reducing activity atsalt–saturation in the salternsof Ribandar, Goa, IndiaKerkar, S. and LokaBharathi, P.A.

The study of sulfate–reducing activity(SRA) ever becoming arrested at saltsaturation, was carried out bymeasuring sediment cores at 0–2,2–5 and 5–10 cm depth from thesaltpans of Ribandar (Goa, India)using S–sulfate. The activity wasrelated to the abundance ofculturable sulfate–reducing bacteria(SRB) and the prevailingenvironmental conditions. Thesalinity in these ponds ranged from10 - 350 psu during the saltproducing season. During this studythe rates of SRA under mesohaline(85 psu) and hypersaline conditions(330 psu) were compared. Variationin culturable abundance of SRBgoverned 98% and 75% of thevariation in SRA at hypersaline andmesohaline conditions, respectively.Though SRA of 3.34 nM g hr couldbe measured at hypersalineconditions of 330 psu, higher SRA of116.03 nM g hr could be measuredin mesohaline conditions of 85 psu.These values appeared to be higherthan the rates reported for Black Seaor tropical mangrove forests. Thepresent study showed that SRA isoptimal between a salinity of 60–120psu. Contrary to earlier reports, itwas hypothesized that SRA is nottotally arrested at salt saturation butcould instead get retarded. Further,our studies showed that availabilityof an extraneous carbon source couldserve to stimulate, and thus counter,the retardation. These findingssuggested that SRA in saturatedsaltpans is in fact more carbonlimited than sulfate limited.

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Control Formate Acetate Lactate Butyrate Benzoate

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SRA in 0–2 cm sediment at 330 psu amended with different substrates at 24 and 48 hours

2

Bacterial growth efficiency ina tropical estuary: Seasonalvariability subsidized byallochthonous carbon

Preponderance of a fewdiatom species among thehighly diversemicrophytoplanktonassemblages in the Bay ofBengal

Ram, A.S.P.; Nair, S.; Chandramohan, D.

Paul, J.T.; Ramaiah, N.; Gauns, M.;Fernandes, V.

Bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) is akey factor in understanding bacterialinfluence on carbon flow in aquaticecosystems. Intra–annual variabilityin BGE, and bacteria–mediatedcarbon flow in the tropical Mandoviand Zuari estuaries (southwest India)and the adjoining coastal waters(Arabian Sea) was studied. BGEranged from 3%–61% and showedclear temporal variability withsignificantly (ANOVA, p<0.01) highervalues in the estuaries (mean,28±14 %) than coastal waters (mean,12±6 %). The greater variability ofBGE in the estuaries than coastalwaters suggest some systematicresponse to nutrient composition andthe variability of dissolved organicmatter pools, as BGE was governedby bacterial secondary production(BP). Monsoonal rains and itsaccompanied changes broughtsignificant variability in BGE andbacterial productivity/primaryproductivity (BP/PP) ratio whencompared to non-monsoon seasonsin the estuaries and coastal waters.High BP/PP ratio (>1) together withhigh carbon flux through bacteria(>100 % of primary productivity) inthe estuarine and coastal waterssuggests that bacterioplanktonconsumed dissolved organic carbonin excess of the amount produced insitu by phytoplankton of this region,which led to the mismatch betweenprimary production of carbon andamount of carbon consumed bybacteria. Despite the two systemsbeing subsidized by allochthonousinputs, the low BGE in the coastalwaters may be attributable to thenature and time interval in thesupply of allochthonous carbon.

The microphytoplanktonassemblages were studied fromwater samples collected at eightdiscrete depths in the top 120 m atfive central (open ocean) and four

western (shelf/slope region)locations in the Bay of Bengal. TheBay is a low–productive warm poolregime with poor inorganic nutrientinputs to its intensely stratifiedsurface layer despite the very largeriverine influx. In addition, theprolonged cloud cover has anadverse effect on the top 25–40 m,on primary production, chlorophyllconcentration and phytoplanktonassemblages. Microphytoplanktonswere the most abundant in thenorthern area of the Bay. A total of153 phytoplankton species wereidentified during this study. Themost abundant species (at least1,800 individual cells belonging to agiven species or 2% of the totalcounts of identified specimens)during this study were:

andSimilarly,

there were 20 moderately abundant( 0.5 but < 2%) species.Thirty–three of the least abundantspecies (< 0.5%) occurred at onestation. Diatom species,

and wereubiquitous in the study area. Theexclusive occurrence ofin the northern most stationssuggests that it proliferates only inthe low–salinity regions withadequate silica from the landinputs. Abundance of pennatediatoms was higher in the open Baycompared to that of centric diatomsin the more productive northernlocations and the western Bay.There appears to be a basicdifference between near shore floraand offshore flora. This first analysisof phytoplankton assemblages fromthe offshore Bay suggests that whilethere is predominance of only a fewspecies, the Bay harbors verydiverse diatom communities thatseem to be syntrophic,non–competitive and co–habiting inthe generally low nutrient, stratifiedsurface waters.

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Thalassiothrix longissima,Thalassiothrix fauenfeldii,Rhizosolenia styliformis, Nitzschiaangularis, Thalassionemanitzschioides, Coscinodiscusradiatus, Chaetoceros eibenii,Skeletonema costatum,Coscinodiscus concinnusChaetoceros coarctatus.

T. fauenfeldii T. longissima

S.costatum

Nitrification in KochibackwatersMiranda, J.; Balachandran, K.K.; Ramesh,R.; Wafar, M.

Nitrification rates, as oxidation of N-labelled ammonium and loss ofnitrite from N-Serve treated samples,were measured in Kochi backwatersduring three seasons. Nitrificationrates ranged from undetectable to166 nmol NL h in the water column

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and up to 17 nmol N (g wet wt) h insediments. Nitrification rates werehigher in intermediate salinities thanin either freshwater or seawater end.Within this salinity range,nitrification rates could be related toammonium concentrations. Asshown by the relation betweenammonification and nitrificationrates, it is also likely that nitrificationis more regulated by renewal rates,rather than by in situ concentrations,of substrate. Among otherenvironmental parameters,temperature and pH may have aninfluence on nitrification. Potentialnitrification rates calculated from lossof nitrite from N-Serve treated, nitrite-enriched samples were about 800nmol N L h in the water columnand 40 nmol N (g wet wt) h insediments. While these rates are inbalance with those of biologicalammonium production they may beinadequate to mitigate ammoniumpollution in this estuary.

Scant information is availableregarding the prevalence anddistribution of suctorian ciliates onhalacarid mites. However, using thislimited information and data from thelaboratory on the systematics,biology, ecology and distribution ofsuctorian ciliates that are epibionts ofhalacarid mites, four suctorianspecies redescribed are:

(Jankowski),(Schulz),

(Schroder) and Dons.It is also recognized

Jankowski and(Jankowski) as synonyms of

(Schluz),andJankowski andKahl as synonyms of

(Schroder). Many suctorianshave been reported, but not properlyidentified in the halacarid literature.So, attempts have been made toidentify those suctorians to specieslevel. Lastly, the interactions betweenthe suctorians and their hosts arealso discussed and

is also reported for the firsttime from the Indian coast.

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Limnoricus

ceter Praethecacineta

halacari Thecacineta calix

Acineta sulcata

Lissacineta

allgeni Thecacineta

allgeni

Praethecacineta halacari

Thecacineta laophontis

Paracineta moebiusi

Thecacineta

calix

Praethecacineta

halacari

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An overview of Suctorianciliates (Ciliophora,Suctorea) as epibionts ofhalacarid mites (Acari,Halacaridae)Dovgal, I.; Chatterjee, T.; Ingole, B.S.

3

Ecobiogeography of the estuarine and coastal waters of thesouthwest coast of India

Monitoring of heavy metalpartitioning in reef corals ofLakshadweep Archipelago,Indian OceanAnu, G.; Kumar, N.C.; Jayalakshmy, K.V.;Nair, S.M.

The study focuses on thepartitioning of trace metals in fiveselected coral species fromLakshadweep Archipelago, whichremains as one of the least studiedareas in the Indian Ocean. Based onthe morphological features, selectedcoral species are classified asmassive , ramoseor branching (

and) and

foliaceous ( ).Relating trace metal concentrationswith morphological features inskeleton, highest concentrations ofall the trace metals (except Zn) werereported for the ramose type corals.In tissue, all the metals (essential aswell as non essential) showedhighest concentrations within thebranching type corals. Irrespectiveof their growthcharacteristics/pattern, all speciesexcept displayed higherconcentrations of Pb, Ni, Mn and Cdwithin their skeleton compared totissue which may exemplify aregulatory mechanism to avoid thebuild up of the concentrations ofthese metals in their bio–part,strikingly toxic metals like Cd andPb. The concentrations of tracemetals in the skeleton and tissues ofthese coral species were subjectedto 3 way ANOVA based on nonstandardized original data and theresults showed significantdifferences between metals andbetween species leading to highskeleton/tissue – species interactionas well as skeleton/tissue – metalinteraction. The significant values ofstudent’s t calculated are depictedin the form of Trellis diagrams.

(Porites andrewsi)

Lobophyllia

corymbosa, Acropora Formosa

Psammocora contigua

Montipora digitata

P. contigua

Step-up multiple regressionmodel to computeChlorophyll in the coastalwaters off Cochin, southwestcoast of India

a

Balachandran, K.K.; Jayalakshmy, K.V.;Laluraj, C.M.; Nair, M.; Joseph, T.;Sheeba, P.

The interaction effects of abioticprocesses in the production ofphytoplankton in a coastal marineregion off Cochin are evaluatedusing multiple regression models.The study shows that chlorophyllproduction is not limited bynutrients, but their physiologicalregulations (responses tonutrients, pH, temperature andsalinity) are mainly responsible forthe increased biologicalproduction. The model explaining77% of variability for chlorophyllproduction is indicative ofpreconditioning of the coastalwaters. The phytoplanktonproduction is found to be sensitiveto the environment, which variesseasonally. Further, the studysuggests that supply of organicmatter and grazing of zooplanktonwould improve the modelefficiency. Despite this, the goodagreement in the computed and

a

measured chlorophyll valuesshows that step-up multipleregression model is a useful tool tounderstand the influence ofenvironmental variables on theproduction of phytoplankton inthese coastal waters.

a

Application of remotesensing and GIS for thedemarcation of groundwaterpotential zones of a riverbasin in Kerala, southwestcoast of IndiaDineshKumar, P.K.; Gopinath, G.;Seralathan, P.

An integrated hydrogeologicalinvestigation was made to delineatethe groundwater–potential zones ofthe Muvattupuzha river basin,Kerala, along the southwest coastof India. The basin wascharacterized by charnockites andgneisses of Archean age coveringmore than 80% of the area and theremaining by Pleistocene lateritesand Miocene formation. The basinreceives high rainfall, measuring3100 mm/year. However, acutewater shortage occurs during thepremonsoon season and hence, a

0 20 km

Legend

Excellent

Very good

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Moderate

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10°00'

76°30' 76°45' 77°00'

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Groundwater prospect map of the Muvattupuzha river basin.

4

During 2007-08, National Institute of Oceanography, Cochin, took up 26 R&D projects that include one Supra Institutional

project, 9 GAP projects and 17 sponsored projects. Our scientists took up studies on the physical, chemical, biological,

microbiological and EIA aspects of the estuarine and coastal waters of the southwest coast of India. Altogether, 16 research

papers with a total impact factor of 12.718 were published by our scientists in 2007-08. Majority of the papers were

published in high impact factor journals in the areas of oceanography and environmental sciences.

Bahulayan N.; Das Kesava V.; Dinesh Kumar P.K.; Jayalakshmi K.V.; Madhu N.V.; Muraleedharan K.R.;Nampoothiri G.E.; Parvathi A.; Raveendran T.V.; Ravindran J.; Revichandran C.; Tresiamma J.

number of dug wells are made totap the groundwater. Seasonalrainfall during NE and SWmonsoons is the major source ofgroundwater recharge. Further,hydrogeomorphology, geology,fracture systems and the slope ofthe terrain also play a significantrole on the movement andbehaviour of the groundwater ofthe basin. The integration ofconventional and remote sensingdata was made through geographicinformation system (GIS) and itwas found that about 50% of thearea could be identified as verygood or good potential zones,whereas the remaining area fallsunder moderate and poorcategories. Most of theMuvattupuzha sub–basin and thewestern part of theKothamangalam and Kaliyarsub–basins were classified as goodgroundwater potential zones,although the eastern upstreampart of the basin has poorgroundwater potential.

Analyses of short–duration,current meter records collected inthe coastal waters off Beypore onthe southwest coast of India havebeen made in order to understandthe tidal and nontidal variabilityduring premonsoon and summermonsoon seasons of the year 2000.The region’s tidal and nontidalflows were described by means oftime–series displays, simplestatistics, harmonic analysis,correlation coefficients, andprogressive vector diagrams. Thenontidal component of current wasextracted using the X filter. Thestudy showed that the tidalcurrents were generally weak(< 7 cm/s) and dominated by tidalsignals only in a few records.Diurnal and semidiurnalconstituents were found to beresponsible for the rest of thevariance. The signatures of thecurrents were different at thesurface and bottom of the watercolumn in the records collectedduring the summer monsoonseason, suggesting a baroclinicnature of motion, whereas the

0

Variability in measuredcurrent structure on thesouthwest continental shelfof IndiaDineshKumar, P.K.; Srinivas, K.

premonsoon records showed abarotropic nature. Thestratification of the water columnwas strong during the summermonsoon season but was wellmixed during the premonsoonseason. There was a strongsignature of diurnal solar forcing inthe surface–temperature records,which was totally lacking in thebottom records.

The coastal zone of Sagar Island,West Bengal, India, is subjected tovarious cyclic and randomprocesses that continuously modifythe region. The shoreline andland–use/land cover changes werestudied using Indian RemoteSensing Satellite IC (IRS IC) linearimaging self–scan sensor (LISS) IIIsatellite data from 1998 and 1999.A comparison between a topomapof 1967 and satellite data of 1999established that during these yearsabout 29.8 km of coastline waseroded, whereas the accretion wasonly 6.03 km . A comparison ofsatellite data from 1998 and 1999showed that the island hadundergone severe erosion of about3.26 km , while the accretion was

2

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Change detection studies ofSagar Island, India, usingIndian Remote SensingSatellite 1C linear imagingself–scan sensor III dataDineshKumar, P.K.; Gopinath, G.;Laluraj, C.M.; Seralathan, P.; Mitra, D.

just about 0.08 km . Changedetection studies based onland–use patterns of the regionrevealed that the areal extent ofmangrove vegetation of the islandduring 1998 and 1999 was 2.1 kmand 1.3 km , respectively. Theareal extent of agricultural fieldsduring these periods was130.4 km and 118.6 km ,respectively. These results can beused to develop an index fortemporal land–use changes in theregion as an aid to quantify theextent and nature of thedevelopment change and tounderstand the surroundingenvironment, which in turn mayhelp the planning agencies todevelop sound and sustainableland–use practices.

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Strong variability inbacterioplankton abundanceand production in centraland western Bay of BengalFernandes, V.; Ramaiah, N.; Paul, J.T.;Sardessai, S.; JyotiBabu, R.; Gauns, M.

With large influx of freshwater thatdecreases sea-surface salinities,weak wind forcing of <10 m s andalmost always warm (> 28 C) sea-surface temperature that stratifiesand shallows the mixed layerleading to low or no nutrientinjections into the surface, primaryproduction in Bay of Bengal isreportedly low. As a consequence,the Bay of Bengal is considered asa region of low biologicalproductivity. Along with many

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Vertical distribution of total organic carbon (TOC) in the top 120 m in the central(a) and western bay (b)

5

biological parameters,bacterioplankton abundance andproduction were measured in theBay of Bengal during postmonsoon (September– October2002) along an open oceantransect, in the central Bay (CB,88 E) and the other transect in thewestern Bay (WB). The latterrepresenting the coastal influencedshelf/slope waters.Bacterioplankton abundances <( 2x 10 cells l )were similar to thosereported from the HNLC equatorialPacific and the highly productivenorthern Arabian Sea. Yet, thethymidine uptake rates along CB(average of 1.46 pM h )and WB(average of 1.40 pM h )were lessthan those from the northwesternIndian Ocean. These abundancesand uptake rates were higher thanthose in the oligotrophicnorthwestern Sargasso Sea (< 7 x10 cells l ;av 1.0 pM h ).Concentrations of chlorophyll(chl ), primary production ratesand total organic carbon (TOC)were also measured for acomparison of heterotrophic andautotrophic production. In the WB,bacterioplankton carbon biomassequaled ~95% of chl carbon thanjust 31% in the CB. Averagebacterial: primary production(BP:PP) ratios accounted for 29% inthe CB and 31% in the WB. This ismainly due to lower primaryproductivity (PP) in the WB (281mg C m d than in the CB (306mg C m day . This studyindicates that bacteria–phyto-plankton relationship differs in theopen (CB) and coastal waters (WB).Higher abundance andcontrastingly low bacterialproduction (BP) in WB may bebecause of the riverine bacteria,brought in through discharges,becoming dormant and unable toreproduce in salinities of 28 ormore psu. Heterotrophic bacteriaappear to utilize in situ DOC ratherrapidly and their carbon demand is~50% of daily primary production.It is also apparent thatallochthonous organic matter, inparticular in the western Bay, isimportant for meeting their carbondemand.

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The study was focused on thestanding stock of macrobenthicinfauna and associatedenvironmental factors influencingthe benthic community in the shelf

Influence of environmentalproperties on macrobenthosin the northwest Indian shelfJayaraj, K.A.; Jayalakshmy, K.V.;Saraladevi, K.

region of the northwest Indiancoast. The data was collectedonboard FORVduring the winter monsoon(January–February, 2003) tounderstand the communitystructure and the factorsinfluencing the benthicdistribution. The environmentalparameters, sedimentcharacteristics and macrobenthicinfauna were collected at 26stations distributed in the depthsbetween 30 and 200 m extendingfrom Mormugao to Porbandar.Total benthic abundance was highin lower depths (50–75 m), and lowvalues noticed at 30m depthcontour was peculiar. Polychaeteswere the dominant group and weremore abundant in shallow andmiddle depths with moderateorganic matter, clay and relativelyhigh dissolved oxygen. On theother hand crustaceans andmolluscs were more abundant indeeper areas having sandysediment and low temperature.High richness and diversity ofwhole benthic groups observed indeeper depths counter balancedthe opposite trend shown bypolychaete species. Generallybenthos preferred medium grainsized texture with low organicmatter and high organic matterhad an adverse effect especially onfilter feeders. Deposit feedingpolychaetes dominated in shallowdepths while carnivore species inthe middle depths. Ecologically,benthos were controlled by acombination of factors such astemperature, salinity, dissolvedoxygen, sand and organic matterand no single factor could beconsidered as an ecological masterfactor.

Sagar Sampada

The response ofmicrozooplankton(20–200 m) to coastalupwelling and summerstratification in thesoutheastern Arabian Sea

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Jyothibabu, R.; AshaDevi, C.R.; Madhu,N.V.; Sabu, P.; Jayalakshmy, K.V.; Jacob,J.; Habeebrehman, H.; Prabhakaran,M.P.; Balasubramanian, T.; Nair, K.K.C.

During the late summer monsoon(LSM), coastal upwelling and riverrunoff have increased the nutrientconcentration in the inshore regionof the southeastern Arabian Sea.This has resulted in elevatedchlorophyll- (av. 40 18mg m ,phytoplankton abundance (av.474 116 x 10 ind. m and primaryproduction (av. 917 616 mg C md . Diatoms were the majorcomponent of the phytoplanktoncommunity (av. 60 8 % of thetotal abundance) during thisperiod, followed by dinoflagellates(18 12 %). However, the inshorelocations of 10 N and 13 Ntransects behaved differently, withan exceptional abundance ofphytoflagellates (>10 ind. m . Themicrozooplankton (MZP)community was comprised ofheterotrophic dinoflagellates (av.60 %), ciliates (av. 30 %) andcopepod nauplii (av. 5 %); theseshowed marked variation inabundance between stations. Thehighest abundance (av.283 x 10 ind. m was at theinshore location of 10 N transect,where phytoflagellates wereabundant. Contrasting to the LSM,intense surface layer stratificationand depletion of nitrate (with anitracline at 60 m depth), observedin the southeastern Arabian Seaduring the spring intermonsoon

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Photomicrograph of the (a) phytofagellates (b) phytofagellate inside the body of the tintinnid

6

(SIM) period, caused lowphytoplankton abundance (av.141 86 x 10 ind. m ,chlorophyll- (av. 19 11 mg mand primary production (av.146 68 mg C m d . Hightemperature ( > 29 C) and nitrate-depleted surface waters favouredthe proliferation of

at most of thelocations. Total abundance of MZPduring the SIM was markedly low(av. 20 x 10 13 x 10 ind.m , aswas the species richness anddiversity (0.36 0.02 and0.57 0.15), respectively) comparedto the LSM (1.17 0.31 and2.72 0.34, respectively). Duringthe SIM, the MZP community thatoccurs in the southeastern ArabianSea is important, since smallerindividuals are widespread andform the majority of phytoplanktoncommunity. The present studypoints also to the fact that the MZPcould play an important role, evenin nutrient-enriched environment,if smaller phytoplankton areabundant.

Stratification (throughout the year)and low solar radiation (duringmonsoon periods) have caused lowchlorophyll and primaryproduction (seasonal average13-18 mg m and 242-265 mg Cm d , respectively) in the westernBay of Bengal (BoB). Themicrozooplankton (MZP)community of BoB was numericallydominated by heterotrophicdinoflagellates (HDS) followed byciliates (CTS). The highest MZPabundance ( average 665 226 x10 m , biomass ( average260 145 mg C m and speciesdiversity (Shannon weaver index2.8 0.42 for CTS and 2.6 0.35 forHDS) have occurred during thespring intermonsoon (SIM). Thismight be due to high abundance ofsmaller phytoplankton in thewestern BoB during SIM as aconsequence of intensestratification and nitrate limitation(nitracline at 60 m depth). The

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Trichodesmium

erythraeum

a

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-2

-2

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Seasonal variation ofmicrozooplankton (20-200 m)and its possible implicationson the vertical carbon flux inthe western Bay of Bengal

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Jyothibabu, R.; Madhu, N.V.;Maheswaran, P.A.; Jayalakshmy, K.V.;Nair, K.K.C.; Achuthankutty, C.T.

strong stratification during SIMwas biologically evidenced byintense blooms of

and frequent–HDS associations.

The high abundance of smallerphytoplankton favors microbialfood webs where photosyntheticcarbon is channeled to highertrophic levels through MZP. Thiscauses less efficient transfer ofprimary organic carbon to highertrophic levels than through thetraditional food web. The microbialfood web dominant in the westernBoB during SIM might beresponsible for the lowestmesozooplankton biomass observed(average 223 mg C m . The longresidence time of the organiccarbon in the surface waters due tothe active herbivorous pathways ofthe microbial food web could be acausative factor for the low verticalflux of biogenic carbon during SIM.

Textural characteristics of thesurficial sediments aroundPerumbalam Island located withinthe Vembanad Lake, southwestcoast of India, were studied on aseasonal basis to understand thegeomorphic response of the region.Sediment grain size increased fromthe northern to southern end of theisland, indicating a progressivesorting by tidal currents. Incontrast, an increase in the clayand organic carbon content in thesediments of the northern part ofregion suggests that their

Trichodesmium

erythraeum

Synechococcus

-2 )

Hydrodynamic andgeomorphic controls on themorphology of an islandecosystem in the VembanadLake, West Coast of IndiaLaluraj, C.M.; Gopinath, G.;DineshKumar, P.K.; Balachandran, K.K.

distribution is controlled by theproductivity of the overlying watercolumn. The evolution of thisisland is believed to be due tofluvial inputs from MuvattupuzhaRiver. The braid shape of theisland is attributed to the high-energy flow along the wedge of theestuary facing the river mouth,which has resulted in a build up ofland along the southern boundary.The intense accretion on thesoutheastern and western sides ofthe island observed throughsatellite imagery reveals the fluvialinfluence on the evolution andmorphology of this coastal lagoon.

Recovery of an estuary inthe southwest coast of Indiafrom tsunami impactsLaluraj, C.M.; Kesavadas, V.;Balachandran, K.K.; Gerson, V.J.; Martin,G.D.; Shaiju, P.; Revichandran, C.;Joseph, T.; Nair, M.

Water quality in the CochinEstuary, southwest coast of Indiaduring the tsunami attack wasassessed and compared with thepre and post tsunamicharacteristics. From the resultsobtained, it was evident that adrastic change in hydrography hasbeen inflicted by the energytransferred through the tsunami,which disturbed the entireestuarine embayment. However,the post tsunami water qualityshowed normal levels indicatingthat the region has recovered fromthe tsunami impacts.

Pathway 2 Pathway 1

DOCDOC

DOCDOC DOCDOC

DOCDOC

DOCDOC DOCDOC DOCDOC

DOCDOC

DOCDOC

Hetflagellates

Bacteria

Microbial food web

Phytoplankton (<5 m)� Phytoplankton (>5 m)�

Traditional food web

Two possible pathways in the transfer of primary carbon to higher trophic levels in the BoB.The herbivorous pathways of microbial food web are shown by the circle

7

Monsoonal impact onplanktonic standing stockand abundance in a tropicalestuary (Cochin backwaters– India)Madhu, N.V.; Jyothibabu, R.;Balachandran, K.K.; Honey, U.K.;Martin, G.D.; Vijay, J.G.; Shiyas, C.A.;Gupta, G.V.M.; Achuthankutty, C.T.

Environmental studies in theCochin backwaters (CBW), atropical estuary along thesouthwest coast of India showedthat seasonal fluctuations insalinity created by the monsoonalrainfall and associated run off is amajor factor controlling thedistribution and abundance ofmicro– and mesozooplankton.During premonsoon season, theCBW was characterized by warmwaters (av. 32.6 ± 0.6 C) withrelatively high salinity (>23; exceptin the lower estuary). On the otherhand, fresh water was found todominate the entire area duringmonsoon and postmonsoonseasons. The enormous input ofnutrients (nitrate, phosphate andsilicate) into the estuary fromvarious sources (industries,agriculture and domestic) wasresponsible for the highphytoplankton biomass (av.10.4±10.1 mg m ) irrespective of

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–3

seasons. The phytoplanktoncommunity was, in general,dominated by diatoms (av.88±12%), and proliferation ofmultiple species of diatoms(

– 1600 x 10 cells L ) atdifferent locations were observedespecially during high salinecondition. In case of zooplankton(micro– and meso), high standingstocks (micro av. 81.4±48.1 mg Cm ; meso av. 88±125 mg C m ,respectively) were recorded duringthe premonsoon season. Copepods(e.g. Calanoids) formed theabundant group (av. 75±18%) inthe mesozooplankton communityirrespective of seasons. The ratio ofcarbon content betweenphytoplankton and zooplankton( ) was quite high (>100) duringmonsoon and postmonsoonseasons, but became low duringpremonsoon season (<5). Hence, itis suggested that during theperiods of fresh water dominance,the trophic food web of Cochinestuarine system is characterizedby substantial amount ofunconsumed carbon at primarylevel owing to the reduction inphytoplankton grazerszooplanktoon.

Physical forcing plays a major rolein determining biological processesin the ocean across the fullspectrum of spatial and temporalscales. Variability of biologicalproduction in the Bay of Bengal(BoB) based on basin–scale andmesoscale physical processes wasstudied using hydrographic datacollected during the peak summermonsoon in July–August, 2003.Three different and spatiallyvarying physical processes wereidentified in the upper 300 m: (1)anticyclonic warm gyre off–shore inthe southern Bay; (2) a cycloniceddy in the northern Bay; and (3)an upwelling region adjacent to the

Skeletonema costatum,

Thalassiosira subtilis and Nitzschia

closterium

P : Z

–3 –1

–3 –3

Influence of basin–scale andmesoscale physicalprocesses on biologicalproductivity in the Bay ofBengal during the summermonsoonMuraleedharan, K.R.; Jasmine, P.;Achuthankutty, C.T.; Revichandran, C.;DineshKumar, P.K,; Anand, P.;Rejomon, G.

southern coast. In the warm gyre(28.8 C), the low salinity (33.5)surface waters contained lowconcentrations of nutrients. Thesewarm surface waters extendedbelow the euphotic zone, whichresulted in an oligotrophicenvironment with low surfacechlorophyll (0.12 mg m ), lowsurface primary production (2.55mg C m day ) and lowzooplankton biovolume (0.14 mlm ). In the cyclonic eddy, theelevated isopycnals raised thenutricline upto the surface(NO –N> 8.2 M, PO –P>0.8 M,SiO –Si>3.5 M). Despite thesystem being highly eutrophic,response in the biological activitywas low. In the upwelling zone,although the nutrientconcentrations were lowercompared to the cyclonic eddy, thesurface phytoplankton biomassand production were high (Chl –0.25 mg m , PP – 9.23 mg C mday , and mesozooplanktonbiovolume (1.12 ml m ) was rich.Normally in oligotrophic, openocean ecosystems, primaryproduction is based on'regenerated' nutrients, but duringepisodic events like eddies the'production' switches over to 'newproduction'. The switching overfrom 'regenerated production' to'new production' in the open ocean(cyclonic eddy) and establishmentof a new phytoplankton communitywill take longer than in the coastalsystem (upwelling). Despite thefunctioning of a cyclonic eddy andupwelling being divergent(transporting of nutrients fromdeeper waters to surface), theutilization of nutrients leading toenhanced biological productionand its transfer to upper trophiclevels in the upwelling region implythat the energy transfer fromprimary production to secondaryproduction (mesozooplankton) ismore efficient than in the cycloniceddy of the open ocean. The resultssuggested that basin–scale andmesoscale processes influence theabundance and spatialheterogeneity of planktonpopulations across a wide spatialscale in the BoB. The multifacetedeffects of these physical processeson primary productivity thus playsa prominent role in structuring of

�

� �

�

a

a

–3

–3 –1

–3

–3 –3

–1

–3

3 4

4

Average diurnal variation of mesozooplankton

biovolume ml m in (a) the warm gyre, (b) thecyclonic eddy and (c) the upwelling region. Thewidth of each depth stratum is proportional tothe distance of net hauling

-3

0.20 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20

1.00 0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00

3.00 1.50 0.00 1.50 3.00

Mesozooplankton (ml m^-3)



MLD

Thermocline

300m

MLD

Thermocline

300m

MLD

Thermocline

300m

Depth

(m

)D

epth

(m

)D

epth

(m

)

a

b

c

Day

Night

8

zooplankton communities andcould consecutively affect therecruitment of pelagic fisheries.

The life cycle of the gammaridamphipodChilton from the Cochin estuary,south west coast of India, has beenstudied for the first time underlaboratory conditions. Amphipods,especially gammarids, are used aspotential live feed in fish culture.

can withstandwide variations in salinity (5–35)and temperature (27.5 – 34 C) ofthe medium. It was cultured inun–aerated finger bowls usingdried algal matter (Chara sp.) asfood. The life span of females wasfound to be higher (maximum: 220days) than males (maximum: 175days). Females were iteroparousand attained sexual maturitywithin 39.3 ±6 days (mean ±SD),whereas males matured within26.5 ±5.6 days. Number of broodsin a life span ranged from 4 – 7.The maximum number of juvenilesproduced in a single brood was 29and the maximum number ofjuveniles produced by a singlefemale over a lifetime was 139. Theduration of embryonic developmentwas 12 ± 2.45 days. Thepopulation dynamics of

was studied based onmonthly sampling, over one yearfrom the mangrove swamps ofPuduvypin. It occurred in varying

Eriopisa chilkensis

Eriopisa chilkensis

E. chilkensis

o

Life history and populationdynamics of an estuarineamphipod,

Chilton(Gammaridae)

Eriopisachilkensis

Aravind, N.P.; Sheeba, P.; Nair, K.K.C.;Achuthankutty, C.T.

densities in the epifaunalcommunity 21 – 1583 ind. M .Extrapolation of laboratory data tothe field suggested that

in Cochin estuary(Kerala, India) have a multivoltinelife cycle.

, a new genus andspecies of Heteromysini collectedfrom the backwater of Kochi(Kerala, India), was studied. Thenew genus is closely related to thegenus but isdistinguishable from the latter bythe following characters:antennules of male have a smallsetiferous lobe; antennal scale iswithout distal suture; secondsegment of mandibular palp broad;endopodite segments of maxillasubequal in length; in male carpusand propodus of second thoracicendopod with notches on outermargin; outer pair of apical spineson telson longer than the innerpair.

–2

E. chilkensis

Kochimysis pillaii

Deltamysis

A new genus and species ofHeteromysini (Crustacea–Mysidacea) from thebackwater of Kochi (Kerala,India)

Hydrographiccharacterization of southeastArabian Sea during thewane of southwest monsoonand spring intermonsoon

Panampunnayil, S.U. and Biju, A.

VimalKumar, K.G.; DineshKumar, P.K.;Smitha, B.R.; Rahman, H.H.; Jacob, J.;Muraleedharan, K.R.; Sanjeevan, V.N.;Achuthankutty, C.T.

Seasonal variation of thehydrography along the southeast

Arabian Sea is described usingdata collected onboard FORV

in September-October 2003 (later phase ofSouthwest monsoon, SWM) andMarch-April 2004 (Spring intermonsoon, SIM). During the laterphase of the SWM, upwelling wasin the withdrawal phase and thefrontal structure was clearer in thenorthern sections (13 and 15 Nlat) indicating strong upwelling inthe area. The driving force ofupwelling is identified as thecombination of along shore windstress and remote forcing with alatitudinal variability. Although amore prominent upwelling wasfound in the north, a maximumsurface Chlorophyll- was found inthe south (10 N). During the SIM,the area was characterized byoligotrophic water with relativelyhigh Sea Surface Temperature (>29 C) and low salinity (33.8 to35.4). During March, the surfacehydrography was found to becontrolled mainly by the intrusionof low-saline waters from thesouth, while during September bythe high saline water from thenorth. The presence of variouswater masses (Arabian Sea HighSalinity Water (ASHSW), PersianGulf Water (PGW), Red Sea Water(RSW)] and their seasonalvariations in the region isdiscussed and their decreasinginfluence towards the south isnoted during both periods ofobservation. During the SWM, thedynamic topography showed theequatorward flow of the West IndiaCoastal Current (WICC) at thesurface and a poleward coastalunder current at sub-thermoclinedepth. During the SIM, surfacecirculation revealed the WICCflowing pole-ward north of 13 N,but equatorward flow in the south,with a clockwise circulationaround the Lakshadweep High.

Sagar Sampada

a

�

�

�

�

8 10 13 150

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2

Surf

ace c

hlo

rophyll

(mgm

)a

-3

colu

mn c

hlo

rophyll

(mgm

)a

-2

surface column

8 10 13 150

20

40

60

spring inter monsoon

summer monsoon

Latitude °N

Distribution of surface and column Chlorophyll on the near shore stations during the later phase ofSW monsoon and spring intermonsoon

a

9

Impact on the coastal zone due to natural and anthropogenicpressures

Response and adaptability ofmangrove habitats from theIndian subcontinent tochanging climateJagtap, T.G.; Nagle, V.L.

Mangroves, a predominant coastalhabitat in the tropics, areconstantly threatened by variousanthropogenic pressures that aredeteriorating the mangroves to agreat extent. Global emissions ofgreenhouse gases are likely to raisethe world temperature and the sealevel at the rate of 0.3 C and 6 mm10y by the year 2100. Mangrovehabitats would be more vulnerableto climatic changes and resultantsea level rise (SLR) because of their

o

–1

unique location at the interface ofthe sea. By altering ecobiologicalprocesses, the intertidal andsupratidal zones may extendfurther inland, resulting inchanges in the existing ecologicalsetup. The limitation of thelandward margin would causevertical rise, resulting inwater–logging and ultimately killingthe mangroves and dependentbiota. The study describesmangrove habitats and relatedissues from the Indiansubcontinent in the context ofclimate variations and SLR, andrecommends integrated long–termmonitoring.

Source and dispersal ofsuspended sediment in themacro–tidal Gulf ofKachchhRamaswamy, V.; Nath, B.N.;Vethamony, P.; Ilangovan, D.

The macro–tidal Gulf ofKachchh, covering nearly 7000km , is located about 150 kmsouth of the Indus River mouth.In spite of semi–arid climate andlack of major rivers flowing intoit, the Gulf is highly turbid withsuspended sedimentconcentrations (SSC) duringOctober–November 2002 rangingbetween 0.5 and 674 mg l .Highly turbid waters areobserved towards the northernportion of the mouth of the Gulf,at the head of the Gulf andadjacent to the numerous shoalspresent within the Gulf.Perennial high SSC in the Gulf isdue to resuspension ofsediments by strong tidalcurrents, shallow bathymetryand presence of fine–grainedsediments on the sea floor.Numerical model studies showthat there is a dynamic barrier inthe central Gulf, which preventsthe exchange of water andsuspended sediments betweenthe outer and inner Gulf. Thisdynamic barrier associated withstrong east–west tidal currentsrestricts the turbid watersmainly to the northern Gulf,resulting in relatively clearwaters (SSC<10 mg l ) in thesouthern and central portions ofthe Gulf. Laser particle sizedistribution, clay mineralogy andgeochemistry of the suspendedmatter show that the mainsource of sediments to the Gulf

2

–1

–1

Coastal ecosystems are subject to a series of pressures that affect the flora and fauna continuously. These pressures have the

potential to cause changes in the ecosystem by altering the processes that determine the ecosystem's structure and function.

Numerical modelling of hydrodynamics is essential to study the impact of biological and chemical stresses on the coastal waters.

Using measurements, monitoring and modeling tools, select regions along the Indian coast have been studied to understand the

impact on the coast due to these pressures. The study includes (i) coastal processes that are responsible for pollutant transport in the

Gulf of Kachchh, (ii) simulation and validation of trajectories of an oil spill off Goa, (iii) biomarkers, which are indicators of polluted

environments: laboratory and field investigations, (iv) storm surges on the Andaman coast, (v) response of mangrove habitat to

climate change and (vi) suspended sediments and flow dynamics in the Gulf of Cambay. These are briefly described below:

10

Limited landward shift and vertical rise in water column; major mangrove regions (in red) from theIndian subcontinent. a) Indus delta Pakistan. b) Sunderban delta India and Bangladesh. c) Gulf ofKutchchh, India. d) Lagoon on the west coast of Sri Lanka

Bhat S.R.; Jagtap T.G.; Kunte P.D.; Mani Murali R.; Mascarenhas A.; Rathod V.P.; Sarupria J.S.; Verlenkar X.N.;Vethamony P.

a b

c d

of Kachchh is the Indus River.Although the Indus discharge hasbeen severely curtailed in therecent decades due to constructionof numerous dams and barrages,the Gulf of Kachchh continues toreceive resuspended sedimentsfrom the numerous meso andmacro–tidal creeks of the Indusdelta. The sediments at the head ofthe Gulf appear to be a mixture ofsediments derived from the Indusas well as the numerous seasonalrivers draining the Rann ofKachchh.

Oxidative damage and antioxidantproperties were studied in

subjected to short–termexposure to Hg along withtemperature (72 h) and long–termtemperature exposures (14 days)as pollution biomarkers. Theelevated thiobarbituric acidreactive substances (TBA–RS)levels observed in gills anddigestive gland under exposure to

Perna

viridis

Assessment of storm surgedisaster potential for theAndaman Islands

Biochemical markers ofoxidative stress in

exposed to mercuryand temperature

Pernaviridis

Kumar, V.S.; RameshBabu, V.; Babu, M.T.;Dhinakaran, G.; Rajamanickam, G.V.

Verlecar, X.N.; Jena, K.B.; Chainy, G.B.N.

The Andaman Sea is known for thegenesis of many severe cyclonesthat traverse the Bay of Bengal.The Andaman Islands face thesurge disaster threat as theirnorth-south orientation comesacross the eastward path of severecyclones moving from theAndaman Sea and western PacificOcean. This study, investigated thepotential of a storm-induced surge- a natural disaster due to short-duration sea-level rise to affect theAndaman Islands. A twodimensional hydrodynamic modelwas employed to simulate stormsurge characteristics anddemarcate the coastal floodingextent of the highly inhabited PortBlair region of the AndamanIslands in the case of the severecyclone of November 1989. A stormsurge disaster mitigation plan isalso proposed for the group ofAndaman Islands.

Hg, individually and combined withtemperature, as also long–termtemperature stress have beenassigned to the oxidative damageresulting in lipid peroxidation(LPX). Increased activities ofantioxidants such as superoxidedismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT),glutathione peroxidase (GPX),glutathione reductase (GR) andglutathione–S–transferase (GST)both in gills and digestive glandsunder long–term exposures totemperatures were found to bemore prominent to heat ratherthan cold stress suggestingactivation of physiologicalmechanism to scavenge the ROSproduced during heat stress. Alsodecreased values of reducedglutathione (GSH) on longexposures to temperature stressindicated utilization of thisantioxidant, either to scavengeoxiradicals or act in combinationwith other enzymes, which wasmore than its production capacityunder heat stress. The resultssuggested that temperaturevariation does alter the activeoxygen metabolism by modulatingantioxidant enzyme activities,which can be used as biomarker todetect sublethal effects ofpollution.

Seasonal variation ofoxidative biomarkers in gillsand digestive gland of green-lipped musselfrom Arabian Sea

Perna viridis

Verlecar, X.N.; Jena, K.B.; Chainy, G.B.N.

Investigations on seasonalvariation in oxidative stressbiomarkers were carried out on the

natural population of green-lippedmussel collected fromBambolim beach area of Goa(India). Oxidative stress indicessuch as lipid peroxidation (LPX),hydrogen peroxide (H O ),superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT), glutathioneperoxidase (GPX), glutathionetransferase (GST), glutathionereductase (GR), reducedglutathione (GSH) and ascorbicacid (ASA) were measured in gillsand digestive gland ofduring February, May, August andNovember. The present studyreveals two important aspectsregarding the antioxidant defencestatus of tissues of .Firstly, antioxidant capacity oftissues of exhibitsseasonal variation. Secondly,various components of antioxidantcapacity such as oxidative stressmarkers, levels of antioxidantenzymes and small antioxidantmolecules vary differently intissues with respect to differentseasons. Although the oxidativestress status of gills and digestivegland of expressed interms of LPX and H O was thelowest in February, its level wasmaximal in gills and digestivegland during May and November,respectively. While activities ofSOD and GPX of tissues of

were found to be low inAugust, activities of CAT and GRwere recorded to be low inFebruary. GST activity in gillsalthough remained high inFebruary, in digestive glandelevated values were recorded inAugust and November. A seasonalvariation in the levels of small

Perna viridis

P. viridis

P. viridis

P. viridis

P. viridis

P.

viridis

2 2

2 2

Combined effect of mercury and temperature on lipid peroxidation (nmol TBARS /mg protein), in

gills and digestive gland of . Data are expressed as mean ± S.D. (n = 3). p < 0.05, p < 0.01

and p < 0.001 in comparison to control

P.viridisa b

c

Control

Cold-stress Cold-stress+Hg

Hg

Heat-stress Heat-stress+Hg

ca

c

b

c

aa

a

b

16

12

8

4

0

Digestive gland Gill

TB

AR

STISSUES

11

c d

antioxidant molecules was alsonoticed. Among non-enzymaticantioxidants ASA content oftissues was maximal in May andAugust in comparison to Februaryand November, but GSH remainedhigh in November. It thereforeappears that environmental factorsmay play a crucial role inregulating the oxidative stresscapacity of tissues of .P. viridis

Thermohaline structure ofan inverse estuary – TheGulf of Kachchh:Measurements and modelsimulationsVethamony, P.; Babu, M.T.;Ramanamurty, M.V.; Saran, A.K.;Joseph, A.; Sudheesh, K.; Patgaonkar,R.S.; Jayakumar, S.

The Gulf of Kachchh (GoK) issituated in the northeasternArabian Sea. The presence ofseveral industries along its coastalbelt makes GoK a highly sensitivecoastal ecosystem. In the presentstudy, an attempt was made forthe first time to study GoKthermohaline structure and itsvariability, based on fieldmeasurements and modelsimulations. Though GoK isconsidered as a well–mixed system,the study reveals that only thecentral Gulf is well mixed. Verticalgradients in temperature and

salinity fields are noticed in theeastern Gulf, where a cold andhigh saline tongue is observed inthe subsurface layers. Salinityindicates the characteristic featureof an inverse estuary with lowvalues (37.20 psu) near the mouthand high values (>40.0 psu) nearthe head of the Gulf. The modelsimulated temperature and salinityfields exhibit semidiurnaloscillations similar to that of fieldobservations. Model results showcold, high saline waters advectingfrom the east during ebb forming atransition zone, which oscillateswith tides. A high salinity tongue isseen in the bottom layer, indicatinga westward flowing bottom current.The transient zone acts as adynamic barrier, and plays a vitalrole in the pollutant transport.

An oil spill occurred off Goa, westcoast of India, on 23 March 2005due to collision of two vessels. Ingeneral, fair weather with weakwinds prevails along the west coastof India during March. In thatcase, the spill would have movedslowly and reached the coast.However, in 2005 when this eventoccurred, relatively stronger windsprevailed, and these winds forcedthe spill to move away from thecoast. The spill trajectory wasdominated by winds rather thancurrents. The MIKE 21 SpillAnalysis model was used tosimulate the spill trajectory. Theobserved spill trajectory and theslick area were in agreement withthe model simulations. The studyillustrated the importance ofhaving pre–validated trajectories ofspill scenarios for selectingeco–sensitive regions forpreparedness and planningsuitably response strategieswhenever spill episodes occur.

Trajectory of an oil spill offGoa, eastern Arabian Sea:Field observations andsimulationsVethamony, P.; Sudheesh, K.; Babu, M.T.;Jayakumar, S.; ManiMurali, R.;Saran, A.K.; Sharma, L.H.; Rajan, B.;Srivastava, M.

14:20 18:20 22:20 02:20 06:20 10:20 16:202.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

Tid

e (

m)

14:20 18:20 22:20 02:20 06:20 10:20 16:2038.6

38.7

38.8

38.9

39.0

39.1

Salin

ity (

psu)

salinity at 1 msalinity at 5 msalinity at 10 msalinity at 15 msalinity at 20 m

14:20 18:20 22:20 02:20 06:20 10:20 16:20

Time (hrs)

27.0

27.2

27.4

27.6

27.8

28.0

Tem

pera

ture

°C

temperature at 1 mtemperature at 5 mtemperature at 10 mtemperature at 15 mtemperature at 20 m

(a)

(b)

(c)

Time series measurements of (a) water level, (b)salinity and (c) temperature off Mundra (13–14November 2002)

Sediment concentration andbed form structures of Gulfof Cambay from remotesensingKunte, P.D.

The continental shelf on the westcoast of India is the widest offMumbai, Maharashtra, India andleads to a strongly convergingchannel, the Gulf of Cambay (GoC).Tides in this Gulf are the largest onthe Indian coast. The flow-generated bed forms are significantfeatures in the Gulf of Cambayregion, and their presence dependson strong tidal or other currents,capable of moving the sand andalso on the availability of sand.Digital data collected onboardIndian Remote sensing satellitesIRS-1C and IRS-P4 OCM (OceanColour Monitor), covering the GoCregion was digitally processed.False colour composites (FCC) ofIRS-1C were generated and used tomap coastal, near-shoregeomorphic features andunderwater flow-generated bedform structures. Suspendedsediment concentration and theirdispersal patterns were studied byprocessing IRS-P4 data. Theimpact of high tides on thesuspended sediment concentrationand sediment flow pattern wasstudied to understand themechanism of sediment flow.Based on the suspended sedimentconcentration, flow structures,geomorphic features andhydrodynamics, it is concludedthat fine-grained sediments aretransported to the inner Gulf,whereas, sandy sediments aretransported south-westwards andoutwards of Gulf of Cambay. Thesesediments, perhaps participate inthe formation of bed formstructures.

12

Engineering analysis of coastal processes for marine structuresand technology development towards marine activities

Neural network–geneticprogramming for sedimenttransportSingh, A.K.; Deo, M.C;. SanilKumar, V.

The planning, operation, designand maintenance of almost allharbour and coastal engineeringfacilities call for an estimation ofthe longshore sediment transportrate. This is currently andpopularly done with the help ofempirical equations. Here analternative approach based on acombination of two soft computingtools, namely neural networks andgenetic programming, is suggested.Such a combination was found toproduce better results than theindividual use of neural networksor genetic programming. Theability of the neural network toapproximate a non–linear functioncoupled with the efficiency of thegenetic programming to make anoptimum search over the solutiondomain seems to result in a betterprediction.

Prediction of littoral driftwith artificial neuralnetworksSingh, A.K.; Deo, M.C.; SanilKumar, V.

The amount of sand movingparallel to a coastline forms aprerequisite for many harbordesign projects. Such informationis currently obtained throughvarious empirical formulae. Despiteso many works in the past anaccurate and reliable estimation ofthe rate of sand drift has stillremained as a problem. Thecurrent study addresses this issuethrough the use of artificial neuralnetworks (ANN). Feed forwardnetworks were developed to predictthe sand drift from a variety ofcausative variables. The bestnetwork was selected after tryingout many alternatives. In order toimprove the accuracy further itsoutcome was used to developanother network. Such simple two-stage training yielded mostsatisfactory results. An equation

Variation of rate of the drift with breaking wave height

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Hb: m

Qs:

kg

/s

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3

combining the network and a non-linear regression is presented forquick field usage. An attempt wasmade to see how both ANN andstatistical regression differ inprocessing the input information.The network was validated byconfirming its consistency withunderlying physical process.

Estimation of sediment transport and littoral drift has importance in planning, operation, design and maintenance of harbours and

protection of coastline. These studies are normally carried out using empirical equations. However, an alternative approach based

on soft computing tools namely artificial neural networks and genetic programming, is adopted for estimation of sediment transport

and littoral drift.

13

Ashok Kumar K.; Diwan S.G.; Fernandes A.A.; Illangovan D.; Jay Kumar S.; ; Sanil Kumar V.V.Mandal S.

Role of the Equatorial Indian Ocean processes on the ClimateVariability (EIO-CLIVAR)

Eddy–mediated biologicalproductivity in the Bay ofBengal during fall andspring intermonsoonsPrasannaKumar, S.; Nuncio, M.;Ramaiah, N.; Sardessai, S.; Narvekar, J.;Fernandes, V.; Paul, J.T.

The signature of cold–core eddiesand their role in altering thebiological productivity of the Bay ofBengal was examined using tworecent sets of hydrographic datacollected along the central andwestern Bay of Bengal during fall(14 September–12 October, 2002)and spring (12 April–7 May, 2003)intermonsoons under the Bay ofBengal process studies (BOBPS)programme. Based on thethermohaline structure and thesatellite–derived sea–level anomalymaps nine cyclonic eddies wereidentified. Out of this, four cycloniceddies–two each along the centralBay and along the westernboundary–occurred during fallintermonsoon 2002, while fiveoccurred–three along the centralBay and two along the westernboundary–during springintermonsoon. The eddy depressedthe temperature, which varied from3°C–7°C at 120 m depth.Maximum depression oftemperature was associated withspring–time eddies in the northernBay, where subsurface stabilitywas low. The reduced watercolumn stability in spring leads togreater eddy–pumping, therebycooling the water to a greaterextent. However, the cycloniceddies were unable to break thestratification of the top 20 m layer,thereby curtailing their effectsbelow this depth during bothseasons. Eddy–pumping not onlycooled the water column but alsoenhanced the nutrient

24°

N

20°

16°

12°

8°

4°

N

0°

76°E 80° 84° 88° 92° 96° 100° 76°E 80° 84° 88° 92° 96° 100

-40 -26 -22 -18 -14 -10 -6 -2 2 6 10 14 18 22 26 40

cm

2 - 8 Oct 200218 - 24 Sep 20021.0m/s

7-day snapshot of Topex/Poseidon ERS 1/2 merged sea-level anomalies overlaid with geostrophicvelocities during (a) 18-24 September 2002 and (b) 2-8 October 2002 which is close to the period ofCTD measurements along central (a) and western boundary (b) of the Bay of Bengal. Dark circlesindicate CTD stations while open circles indicates the biological stations

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Latitude (N) Latitude (N)

-120

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Depth

(m

)

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0.05

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ba

Vertical distribution of chlorophyll (mg/m ) a along the (a) cnetral Bay (88°E) and (b) westernboundary of the Bay of Bengal during fall intermonson 2002. Depth of 1mmol nitrate is shown by

broken line. The bar indicates the column integrated primary production (PP, mg C m d ) in the upper120 m water column. Filled circles indicate sample location

3

-2 -1

Two important characteristics of the Bay of Bengal, meso-scale eddies and barrier layer, were studied using both in situ as well as remote

sensing data. Meso-scale eddies are shown to be ubiquitous and an integral part of the Bay of Bengal circulation. Eddy-pumping is an

important mechanism that supplies nutrients to the upper ocean from below and sustains a high biological productivity. Eddies also play

a crucial role in altering the structure and intensity oxygen minimum layer and thereby altering the biogeochemistry of this basin. Eddies

were shown to be one of the important mechanisms of biological productivity of the Bay and could explain, at least to some extent, the

observed comparable annual organic fluxes to the deep in both the Arabian Sea as well as the Bay of Bengal. The barrier layer in the Bay

of Bengal forms due to the excess precipitation over evaporation and also due to the large freshwater discharge from the adjoining rivers.

The local air-sea process, coastal currents, and propagating Rossby waves exert tremendous influence in its formation and spatio-

temporal distribution. Barrier layer was also observed in the eastern Arabian Sea both during summer as well as winter seasons. The

barrier layerplaysan important role in regulating theair-sea fluxesofheat in both thebasins.

14

Krishnama Charyulu R.J.; Muraleedharan P.M.; ; Prasanna Kumar S.; Ramesh Babu V.;Sarma M.S.S.; Suryanarayana A.

Murty V.S.N.

concentrations. This in turnincreased the biologicalproductivity of the Bay to 1 1/2 – 2times. In addition, the subsurfacechlorophyll maximum (SCM),which is generally located between40 and 70m in fall and 60 and90m in spring intermonsoons,shallowed under the influence ofthe eddies and also enhanced thechlorophyll concentration in theSCM to more than double. Thus,eddy–pumping of nutrientscontrols the biological productivityof the Bay of Bengal during boththe seasons. In the fallintermonsoon, however, theriverine input of nutrients andsediments in the northern Bay alsoplays a role in altering thebiological productivity. This has anoverall implication to thebasin–wide new production andexport flux and, at least partly,resolves the reason for thecomparable annual fluxes oforganic carbon between thehigh–productivity Arabian Sea andlow–productivity Bay of Bengal.

Influence of environmentalforcings on the seasonalityof dissolved oxygen andnutrients in the Bay ofBengalSardessai, S.; Ramaiah, N.;PrasannaKumar, S.; DeSousa, S.N.

Studies on seasonal variability ofoxygen and nutrients during three

seasons namely SW monsoon, fallintermonsoon and springintermonsoon indicate influence ofphysical forcings on thedistribution of these hydrochemicalproperties in the subsurface layer.In the open ocean the MinimumOxygen Layer (MOL to 10 Mol L )during the southwest monsoonand fall intermonsoon is mostlyconfined to the north of 11N due tothe penetration of high salinitywater in the deeper waters of thecentral Bay. During springintermonsoon MOL is mostlyconfined to the northern regionbetween 14 to 20N with a narrowband of suboxic waters( to 5 Mol L ) around 19 to 20N.Along the western margin, the MOLoccupies a larger area in theintermediate and deeper watersduring the SW monsoon and fallintermonsoon with a thick layer ofsuboxic waters during the SWmonsoon which gets reduced andconfined to the northern regionduring fall intermonsoon. The coreof suboxic waters seems todisappear during the springintermonsoon. The displacement ofthe water mass to shallower depthsunder the influence of cold coreeddies is the major mechanismsupplying nutrients to the surfacewaters whereas stratification dueto the immense runoff from majorrivers in the north and theassociated suspended load

� �

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addition seems to be inhibiting thebiological production throughcurtailment of light penetration inthe northern Bay of Bengal duringthe southwest monsoon. Pockets oflow oxygen contents are notassociated with elevation insecondary nitrite levels suggestingthat circulation of the water massunder the influence of seasonalcurrents and gyres and thegeochemical processes play asignificant role in regenerativeprocesses and regulating theintensity of the MOL in the Bay ofBengal.

Observed seasonalvariability of barrier layer inthe Bay of BengalPankajakshan, T.; Muraleedharan, P.M.;Rao, R.R.; Somayajulu, Y.K.; Reddy, G.V.;Revichandran, C.

The formation of barrier layer (BL)and the seasonal variability of BLthickness (BLT) in the Bay ofBengal were examined utilizing themost comprehensive data set.Thick BL (40 m) first appeared inthe coastal region of thenortheastern bay in June andspreaded westward as the summermonsoon progressed. Along theeast coast of India the BLformation and its variability werecontrolled by the East IndiaCoastal Current (EICC). Thick BL(~50 m) appeared along the east

Schematic of the forcing mechanisms explaining the variability of ILD, MLD and BLT for the summer monsoon (a) June–September (b) November–December

15

coast of India in November whenthe EICC flow was equatorwardand was spatially organized byDecember. By January it weakenedwhen the EICC reversed. Themature phase of BLT, both inamplitude (~60 m) and in spatialextent occured during February,when the Subtropical AnticyclonicGyre (SAG) was well established inthe bay. During both the summerand winter monsoon seasons thesurface circulation and theredistribution of low saline watersshowed a dominant influence onthe observed BLT distribution.Other processes such as Ekmanpumping and propagating Rossbywaves forced by the propagatingKelvin waves along the easternboundary also contributedsignificantly in modulating itsvariability. The annual mode ofBLT showed maxima duringNovember–December, whereas thesemiannual mode showed peaksduring February–March andAugust–September. The peak inFebruary–March was attributed tothe interior Ekman pumping andthe associated convergence in thecentral bay, whereas the peakduring August–September was dueto the westward propagatingdownwelling Rossby waves fromthe eastern boundary.

Seasonal variability of theobserved barrier layer in theArabian SeaPankajakshan, T.; Thoppil, P.; Rao, R.R.;Muraleedharan, P.M.; Somayajulu, Y.K.;Gopalakrishna, V.V.; Murthugudde, R.;Reddy, G.V.; Revichandran, C.

The formation mechanisms of thebarrier layer (BL) and its seasonalvariability in the Arabian Sea (AS)are studied using a comprehensivedataset of temperature and salinityprofiles from Argo and otherarchives for the AS. Relatively thickBL of 20-60 m with large spatialextent is found in the central-southwestern AS (CSWAS), theconvergence zone of the monsoonwind, during the peak summermonsoon (July-August) and in thesoutheastern AS (SEAS) andnortheastern AS (NEAS) during thewinter (January-February).Although the BL in the SEAS hasbeen reported before, the observedthick BL in the central-southwestern AS during the peaksummer monsoon and in thenortheastern AS during late winterare the new findings of this study.The seasonal variability of BLthickness (BLT) is closely related tothe processes that occur duringsummer and winter monsoons.During both seasons, the Ekmanprocesses and the distribution oflow-salinity waters in the surface

50 60 70 80 50 60 70 80

20

10

0

(a) (b)FEBRUARY JULY

10

6

2

1

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-6

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LONGITUDE (°E)

LA

TIT

UD

E (

°N)

Wind stress curl (10 N m ) for (a) February and (b) July computed using the QuikSCAT winds during July 1999–May 2006. Shadinginterval is 1.0 between [10, 10]

7 -3

layer show a dominant influenceon the observed BLT distributions.In addition, Kelvin and Rossbywaves also modulate the observedBL thickness in the AS. Therelatively low salinity surface wateroverlying the Arabian Sea high-salinity water (ASHSW) provides anideal ground for strong halinestratification in the CSWAS (duringsummer monsoon) and in NEAS(during winter monsoon). Duringsummer, northward advection ofequatorial low-salinity water by theSomali Current and the offshoreadvection of low-salinity water fromthe upwelling region facilitate thesalinity stratification that isnecessary to develop the observedBL in the CSWAS. In the SEAS,during winter, the winter monsooncurrent (WMC) carries less salinewater over relatively high salinityambient water to form the observedBL there. The winter West IndiaCoastal Current (WICC) transportsthe low-salinity water from theSEAS to the NEAS, where it liesover the subducted ASHSW leadingto strong haline stratification.Ekman pumping together with thedownwelling Kelvin wave in theNEAS deepen the thermocline tocause the observed thick BL in theNEAS.

16

Observing and modelling the interaction between Indian Ocean,atmosphere and coastal seas (OMICS)

Water masses in the Gulf ofAdenAl Saafani, M.A.; Shenoi, S.S.C.

Hydrographic data collected fromGulf of Aden since 1920 have beencompiled to identify and refine thedefinitions of water masses in theGulf of Aden (GA) and to describetheir spatio–temporal variability.Four water masses have beenidentified based on their –Scharacteristics. The Red Sea Water(RSW) that flows from the Red Seais the most prominent water in theGA; this occupies about 37 % ofthe total volume of Gulf of Aden.The Gulf of Aden Surface Water(~3%) forms as a mixture of localwater and the water from westernArabian Sea during winter and RedSea surface water during summer.The intermediate water, identified

�

as Gulf of Aden Intermediate Water(GAIW), occupies about 9% of thetotal volume of GA; a characteristicsalinity minimum is associatedwith it at = 26.50 kg m . Thenorthward spread of sub–tropicalsubsurface water from the southappears to be the major source ofGAIW. The bottom water, namedGulf of Aden Bottom Water,showed the least variability. It wasformed due to the mixing of RedSea Water and water of southernorigin. Mixing triangles were usedto analyze the composition of waterin the GA.

Sea level anomalies (SLA) fromsatellite altimetry (1993–2003)revealed the westward movement ofmesoscale eddies in the Gulf ofAden. Inside the gulf the eddiesmove at a speed of ~6.0–8.5 cm s ,comparable to the first–modebaroclinic Rossby wave speed of7.2 cm s . It is shown that theeddies, which enter the gulf fromthe Arabian Sea, owe theirexistence to more than onemechanism. Local Ekman pumpingin the western Arabian Sea isimportant during the summer

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Westward movement ofeddies into the Gulf of Adenfrom the Arabian SeaAl Saafani, M. A.; Shenoi, S.S.C.;Shankar, D.; Aparna, M.; Kurian, J.;Durand, F.; Vinayachandran, P.N.

monsoon (June–September). InMay and during the latter half ofthe summer monsoon (lateJuly–September) and the fallintermonsoon (October), thedominant mechanism is thegeneration of eddies by theinstabilities in the Somali Currentand the large eddies associatedwith it (Great Whirl and Socotraeddy). During the winter monsoon(November–April) the dominantmechanism involves the westwardpropagating Rossby wavesgenerated either in the Arabian Seaby Ekman pumping or along thewest coast of India by polewardpropagating Kelvin waves. TheseRossby waves from the ArabianSea propagate slower on enteringthe gulf because of a shallowerthermocline in the gulf. Analysisshows that the SLA signal consistsof low (annual and subannual) andhigh (~100–180 d) frequencies. Thelow–frequency signal (mainlyannual) showed a discontinuitybetween 52° E and 60° E. Thoughthe high–frequency signal was seenat all longitudes, a wavelet analysisshowed that it was significant onlywest of 60° E. An energy analysis,based on model simulations,suggested that barotropicinstabilities are important duringthe entire year and that baroclinicinstabilities are also importantduring the summer monsoon.Typical -S curve for GA. Four water masses

are identified from the profiles�

The year 2007-2008 marked a change from our earlier project, which concerned the role of the ocean in the monsoon climate, to

our current project, which is on observing and modelling the Indian coastal seas. Hence, the work reported here is a mixture of the

two projects. There is, however, a clear connection between the work done in the two projects because the dynamics of the Indian

coastal region necessitates modelling the entire Indian Ocean even if our interest is primarily in the sea around India.

Two publications deal with the Gulf of Aden, one of the marginal seas in the north Indian Ocean. Al Saafani and Shenoi describe

the water masses in the region, and Al Saafani et al. describe and explain the cause of the eddies in the gulf, connecting them to

the circulation of the Arabian Sea. Continuing the earlier work on the southeastern Arabian Sea, Durand et al. use a numerical

model to examine the processes that control the upper-ocean thermodynamics of the southeastern Arabian Sea. Vinayachandran

et al. review the work on the southeastern Arabian Sea, discussing the hydrography and circulation of the region and the possible

influence of the ocean on the onset of the monsoon. De Boyer et al. extend earlier work on the heat budget of the north Indian

Ocean to examine the interannual variability of the upper-ocean heat budget. An application of our understanding of the

dynamics of the Indian Ocean to biogeochemistry is the essence of Levy et al.'s paper. Ocean dynamics is also found to be

important for interpreting the sea-level signal in coastal tide gauges in the north Indian Ocean. Unnikrishnan and Shankar show

that the long-term sea-level trends in the north Indian Ocean are consistent with global estimates, there being a rise in sea level of

1-2 mm yr . In all modelling work, a key input is the bathymetry. Existing digital bathymetry data sets for the Indian Ocean are

shown by Sindhu et al. to be incorrect in the regime of the continental shelf, the errors being particularly large in some regions. The

errors are corrected by preparing a new bathymetry map by combining satellite-based data in the deep ocean with hydrographic-

chart-data on the continental shelf of the Indian Ocean.

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17

Aparna M.; Gopalkrishna V.V.; Neetu S.; Ramesh Kumar M.R.; Shankar D.; ; Suresh I.;Unnikrishnan A.S.

Shenoi S.S.C.

Modeling the barrier–layerformation in thesoutheastern Arabian SeaDurand, F.; Shankar, D.; DeBoyerMontegut, C.; Shenoi, S.S.C.; Blanke, B.;Madec, G.

The effect of salinity on theformation of the barrier layer (BL)in the southeastern Arabian Sea(SEAS) is investigated using anocean general circulation model. Inaccordance with previous studies,the runoff distribution and theIndia–Sri Lanka passage have astrong impact on the realism of thesalinity simulated in the area atseasonal time scales. The modelsimulates a BL pattern in fairlygood agreement with availableobservations. Eulerian andLagrangian approaches show thatthe BL is formed by twocomplementary processes, thearrival of low–salinity surfacewaters that are cooled en route tothe SEAS and downwelling ofwaters mostly local to the SEAS inthe subsurface layers. The surfacewaters are partly of Bay of Bengalorigin and are partly from theSEAS, but are cooled east andsouth of Sri Lanka in the model.The downwelled subsurface watersare warm and are not cooled leadsto temperature inversions in theBL. The main forcing for thisappears to be remotely forcedplanetary waves.

Arabian Sea mini warm pooland the monsoon onsetvortex

Simulated seasonal andinterannual variability of themixed layer heat budget inthe Northern Indian Ocean

Vinayachandran, P.N.; Shankar, D.;Kurian, J.; Durand, F.; Shenoi, S.S.C.

DeBoyer Montegut, C.; Vialard, J.;Shenoi, S.S.C.; Shankar, D.; Durand, F.;Ethe, C.; Madec, G.

Warm pools – regions with seasurface temperature (SST) inexcess of 28°C – in the oceanoccupy a special place in tropicalclimate owing to their impact ontropical convection. Thesoutheastern Arabian Sea presentsSST in excess of 30°C for two tothree months preceding the onsetof the summer (southwest)monsoon over India. Recently,several attempts have been madeto understand the processes thatcause such high SSTs in theregion. The literature is also strewnwith observations and modeling ofa ‘monsoon onset vortex’ formingover the warm pool. This study isof our current understanding ofthe Arabian Sea mini warm pooland its possible role in theformation of the monsoon onsetvortex.

A global ocean general circulationmodel (OGCM) is used toinvestigate the mixed layer heatbudget of the Northern IndianOcean (NIO). The model isvalidated against observations andshows fairly good agreement withmixed layer depth data in the NIO.

The NIO has been separated intothree sub basins: the westernArabian Sea (AS), the eastern AS,and the Bay of Bengal (BoB). Thisstudy revealed strong differencesbetween the western and easternAS heat budget, while the latterbasin has similarities with theBoB. Interesting new results onseasonal time scales were shown.The penetration of solar heat fluxneeds to be taken into account fortwo reasons. First, an average of28 W m is lost beneath the mixedlayer over the year. Second, thepenetration of solar heat flux tendsto reduce the effect of solar heatflux on the SST seasonal cycle inthe AS because the seasons ofstrongest flux are also seasonswith a thin mixed layer. Thisenhances the control of SSTseasonal variability by latent heatflux. The impact of salinity on SSTvariability is demonstrated.Salinity stratification plays a clearrole in maintaining a high winterSST in the BoB and eastern ASwhile not in the western AS. Thepresence of freshwater near thesurface allows heat storage belowthe surface layer that can later berecovered by entrainment warmingduring winter cooling (with awinter contribution of + 2.1°C inthe BoB). On an interannual timescale, the eastern AS and BoB arestrongly controlled by the windsthrough the latent heat fluxanomalies. In the western AS,vertical processes, as well ashorizontal advection, contributesignificantly to SST interannualvariability, and the wind is not theonly factor controlling the heat fluxforcing.

A climatology of Sea–viewing WideField–of–View Sensor (SeaWiFS)chlorophyll data over the IndianOcean was used to examine thebloom variability patterns,identifying spatio–temporalcontrasts in bloom appearance andintensity and relating them to thevariability of the physicalenvironment. The near–surface

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Basin–wide seasonalevolution of the IndianOcean’s phytoplanktonbloomsLevy, M.; Shankar,D.; Andre, J.M.;Shenoi, S.S.C.; Durand, F;DeBoyer, Montegut, C.

The trajectories of eddies entering the Gulf of Aden during 1993–2003. The locations of eddies werederived from the merged TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS-1/2 altimeter SLA data set

44°E 48°E 52°E 56°E 60°E8°N

10°N

12°N

14°N

16°N

18°N

29Sep93

9Nov94

15M

ar9

5

11Oct95

13M

ar9

6

20Mar029Oct96

2Aug9810M

ar9

9

16M

ar9

411

Mar9

7 18Nov98

27A

pr9

9

25Aug99

8M

ar0

0

8Sep99

4Oct00

21M

ar0

1

5Sep01

4S

ep02

19Mar03

10Sep97

25M

ar9

8

18

6800

6900

7000

7100

7200

1880 1920 1960 2000

Mumbai0.77+0.08

99%

6800

6900

7000

7100

7200 Karachi0.61+0.32

90%

6800

6900

7000

7100

7200

1880 1920 1960 2000

Aden1.21+0.16

99%

6800

6900

7000

7100

7200

1880 1920 1960 2000

Kochi1.31+0.23

99%

6800

6900

7000

7100

7200Vishakhapatnam0.70+0.28

95%

6800

6900

7000

7100

7200

1880 1920 1960 2000

Diamond Harbour (Kolkota)5.22+0.43

99%

Annual-mean sea-level and the linear fit for selected tide-gauge stations in the north Indian Ocean.The trends, standard deviation from a linear fit and confidence limit

ocean dynamics was assessedusing an ocean general circulationmodel (OGCM). It is found thatover a large part of the basin, theseasonal cycle of phytoplankton ischaracterized by two consecutiveblooms, one during the summermonsoon, and the other during thewinter monsoon. Each bloom wasdescribed by means of twoparameters, the timing of thebloom onset and the cumulatedincrease in chlorophyll during thebloom. This yielded a regionalimage of the influence of the twomonsoons on phytoplankton, withdistinct regions emerging insummer and in winter. Bycomparing the bloom patterns withdynamical features derived fromthe OGCM (horizontal and verticalvelocities and mixed–layer depth),it was shown that the regionalstructure of the blooms isintimately linked with thehorizontal and vertical circulationsforced by the monsoons. Moreover,this comparison permits theassessment of some of the physicalmechanisms that drive the bloompatterns, and points out theregions where these mechanismsneed to be further investigated. Anew outcome of this study wasthat in many distinct areas, timeshifts of 1–2 months werewitnessed in the timing of thebloom onsets in adjoining regions.These time shifts were rationalizedin terms of horizontal advectionand Rossby wave propagation.

Mean–sea–level data from coastaltide gauges in the north IndianOcean were used to show thatlow–frequency variability isconsistent among the stations inthe basin. Statistically significanttrends obtained from recordslonger than 40 years yielded sealevel rise estimates between1.06–1.75 mm yr , with a regionalaverage of 1.29 mm yr , whencorrected for global isostaticadjustment (GIA) using modeldata. These estimates areconsistent with the 1- 2 mm yrglobal sea–level–rise estimatesreported by the IntergovernmentalPanel on Climate Change.

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Are sea–level–rise trendsalong the coasts of the northIndian Ocean consistentwith global estimates?Unnikrishnan, A.S.; Shankar, D.

Improved bathymetricdatasets for the shallowwater regions in the IndianOceanSindhu, B.; Suresh, I.; Unnikrishnan, A.S.;Bhatkar, N.V.; Neetu, S.; Michael, G.S.

Ocean modellers use bathymetricdatasets like ETOPO5 and ETOPO2to represent the ocean bottomtopography. The former dataset isbased on digitization of depthcontours greater than 200m, andthe latter is based on satellitealtimetry. Hence, they are notalways reliable in shallow regions.An improved shelf bathymetry forthe Indian Ocean region(20°E–112°E and 38°S–32°N) isderived by digitizing the depthcontours and sounding depths lessthan 200m from the hydrographiccharts published by the NationalHydrographic Office, India. Thedigitized data are then gridded andused to modify the existing ETOPO5and ETOPO2 datasets for depthsless than 200 m. In combining thedigitized data with the originalETOPO dataset, an appropriateblending technique near the 200mcontour is applied to ensure smoothmerging of the datasets. Using themodified ETOPO5, it isdemonstrated that the originalETOPO5 is indeed inaccurate indepths of less than 200m and hasfeatures that are not actuallypresent on the ocean bottom.Though the present version ofETOPO2 (ETOPO2v2) is a betterbathymetry compared to its earlierversions, there are still differences

between the ETOPO2v2 and themodified ETOPO2. Theimprovements of these bathymetricgrids are assessed with theperformance of existing models oftidal circulation and tsunamipropagation.

Comparison of wind datafrom QuikSCAT and buoysin the Indian OceanSatheesan, K.; Sarkar, A.; Parekh, A.;RameshKumar, M.R.; Kuroda, Y.

The performance of QuikSCAT-derived wind vectors is evaluatedusing in-situ data from mooredbuoys over the Indian Ocean. Theresults show that the meandifferences for wind speed and winddirection are 0.37 ms and 5.8°, rootmean square deviations are 1.57 msand 44.1° and correspondingcoefficients of correlation are 0.87and 0.75, respectively. The matchingbetween in-situ and satelliteestimates seems to be better in theNorth Indian Ocean than in theEquatorial Indian Ocean. The effectsof sea surface temperature and air-sea temperature difference on windresiduals were also investigated. Ingeneral, QuikSCAT is found tooverestimate the winds. It isspeculated that low wind speedduring rain-free conditions and highwind speed, normally associated withrain, may be the reason for the lessaccurate estimation of the windvector from QuikSCAT over theIndian Ocean.

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19

Physical and biogeochemical dynamics of estuarine and coastalecosystems along the east coast of India

Atmospheric deposition andsurface stratification ascontrols of contrastingchlorophyll abundance inthe North Indian OceanPatra, P.K.; DileepKumar, M.; Mahowald,N.; Sarma, V.V.S.S.

Intense upwelling during summerand convection in winter arebelieved to drive higher biologicalproductivity in the Arabian Seathan in the Bay of Bengal.Although the Arabian Sea receivessubstantial atmospheric depositionof dust aerosols, its role inbiological activity is unknown.Chlorophyll– (SeaWiFS) have beenanalyzed, absorbing aerosol index(TOMS), surface winds (NCEP), andmodeled dust deposition and SST(OI) data during two distinctseasons June–August (JJA,

a

summer months) andOctober–December (OND, wintermonths) for the period 1997–2004.Climatologies of physicochemicalproperties have been developedfrom World Ocean Atlas 2001(WOA01). The results suggest thatdespite the strong vertical supplyof nutrients in the western andcentral Arabian Sea regions,maximal chlorophyll– was limitedto the former region in both JJAand OND periods, suggesting theimportance of atmosphericallytransported substances indetermining chlorophyllabundance in the North IndianOcean. Time–averages (1997–2004)revealed chlorophyll abundances innorthwestern regions are largerthan in other regions of therespective basins. The NW regions

a

of the Arabian Sea and the Bay ofBengal have exhibited contrastingchlorophyll distribution patternsduring El Nino years (1997–1998and 2002–2003; positive SSTanomalies); decreased andincreased chlorophyll contents inrespective regions. Following thepassage of tropical cyclones,SeaWiFS records depicted largeareas in the Arabian Sea toexperience intensified chlorophyllproduction with strong windspeeds of 55–65 knots whereas itsenhanced production occurredonly in small patches even underthe influence of Orissa SuperCyclone of October 1999 (windspeed upto140 knots) due tostrong stratification.

30N

24N

18N

12N

6N

EQ

30N

24N

18N

12N

6N

EQ50E 60E 70E 80E 90E 100E 50E 60E 70E 80E 90E 100E 50E 60E 70E 80E 90E 100E

0.01 0.06 0.25 0.5 0.750.12 1 2 4 5 0.01 0.06 0.25 0.5 0.750.12 1 1.5 2 2.5 0.08 0.2 0.5 1 3 7 14 25 60

JJa _ Chlorophyl:1997-2004 JJa - Aerosol Index:1997-2000 JJa - MARCH/NCEP/DEAD:1997-2004

OND - Chlorophyl (ug/m3) OND - Aerosol Index (unitless) OND - MATCH/NCEP/DEAD (g/m2/yr)

Spatial patterns in observed chlorophyll- and aerosol index, and modeled dust depositions in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal are shown for JJA andOND seasons. The climatology in seasonal averages for chlorophyll, aerosol index, and dust depositions are calculated over a period 1998–2004, 1997–2000,and 1997–2004, respectively

a

Our present understanding of the biogeochemical processes and the physical processes driving them in the Bay of Bengal is

meager. Strong surface stratification, resulting from monsoon rainfall, has been reasoned for low biological productivity in the

Bay. What then sustains the surface production in the Bay of Bengal? Turbulence and circulation in the Bay caused by frequent

atmospheric disturbances is one of the important mechanisms although less effective compared to that in the Arabian Sea.

Significant freshwater discharges by rivers on the east coast drain large quantities of materials into the ocean. River transported

organic matter has been found to near totally support the carbon dioxide emitted from Chilka Lake to atmosphere.

20

Dileep Kumar M.; Reddy Purnachandra N.; Sadhuram Y.; Sarma V.V.; Sarma V.V.S.S.

Influence of net ecosystemmetabolism in transferringriverine organic carbon toatmospheric CO in atropical coastal lagoon(Chilka Lake, India)

2

Gupta, G.V.M.; Sarma, V.V.S.S.; Robin,R.S.; Raman, A.V.; JaiKumar, M.; Rakesh,M.; Subramanian, B.R.

Studies on biogeochemical cyclingof carbon in the Chilka Lake, Asia'slargest brackish lagoon on the eastcoast of India, revealed, for the firsttime, strong seasonal and spatialvariability associated with salinitydistribution. The lake was studiedtwice during May 2005(premonsoon) and August 2005(monsoon). It exchanges waterswith the sea (Bay of Bengal) andseveral rivers open into the lake.The lake showed contrasting levelsof dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC)and organic carbon (DOC) indifferent seasons;DIC was tendingto 22% and DOC was tending to36% in premonsoon than inmonsoon due to seasonalvariations in their supply fromrivers and in situproduction/mineralisation. TheDIC/DOC ratios in the lake duringmonsoon were influenced byphysical mixing of end memberwater masses and by intenserespiration of organic carbon. Astrong relationship between excessDIC and apparent oxygenutilisation showed significantcontrol of biological processes overCO production in the lake. Surfacepartial pressure of CO ( CO ),

2

2 2p

calculated using pH–DIC couple,exhibited discernable gradientsduring monsoon through northern(1033-6522 atm), central (391-2573 atm) and southern (102–718atm) lake. The distribution pattern

of CO in the lake seems to begoverned by CO levels in riversand their discharge rates, whichwere several folds higher duringmonsoon than premonsoon. The netCO efflux, based on gas transfervelocity parameterisation, fromentire lake during monsoon (141mmolC m d equivalent to 2.64GgC at basin scale) was higherby 44 times than duringpremonsoon (9.8 mmolC

0.06 GgC . 15% of COefflux from lake in monsoon wascontributed by its supply fromrivers and the rest was contributedby in situ heterotrophic activity.Based on oxygen and total carbonmass balance, net ecosystemproduction (NEP) of lake (- 308mmolC - 3.77 GgC ) wasfound to be almost in consistentwith the total riverine organiccarbon trapped in the lake (229mmolC 2.80 GgC )suggesting that the strongheterotrophy in the lake is mainlyresponsible for elevated fluxes ofCO during monsoon. Further, thepelagic net community productionrepresented 92% of NEP andbenthic compartment plays only aminor role. This suggests thatChilka lake is an important regionin biological transformation oforganic carbon to inorganic carbonand its export to the atmosphere.

�

p

p2

2

2

2

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-2 -1

�

�

d

m d d

m d d

m d d

-1

-2 -1 -1

-2 -1 -1

-2 -1 -1

21

Mixing models of different ratios along salinitygradient during monsoon. (a) DIC/DOC,(b) DOC/POC, and (c) POC/SPM. Mixing linesare drawn between different river waters andseawater

NorthCentreSouth

Outer Channel

Northeastern River (Makara)Northeastern River (Malguni)

Central River (Badashanka)

Southern River (Langaleshwar)

(a)

(b)

(c)

6

5

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/DO

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(%)

Salinity

Reduced iron associatedwith secondary nitritemaxima in the Arabian SeaJames W. Moffetta; Tyler J. Goepferta ;Naqvi, S.W.A.

Dissolved iron and Fe(II) weremeasured in the oxygen minimumzone (OMZ) of the Arabian Sea inSeptember 2004. The OMZ is awell-demarcated featurecharacterized by high rates ofdenitrification, and a deep nitritemaximum coinciding with oxygenlevels below 1 µmol L . This zone issignificantly enriched in dissolvedFe relative to overlying andunderlying waters and up to 50%of the dissolved Fe is present asFe(II). The maxima in Fe(II) are atthe same depth as the deep nitritemaxima, centered around 200–250m. They coincide with a localmaximum in total dissolved Fe,suggesting that Fe accumulates atthis depth because of the greatersolubility of Fe(II) over Fe(III). Fe(II)is thermodynamically unstableeven at submicromolar oxygen

-1

levels, so active biologicalreduction is the most plausiblesource.This is the first report of apotential link between Fereduction, elevated dissolved Feconcentrations, and nitriteaccumulation within an OMZ.Denitrification has a high Ferequirement associated with themetalloenzymes for nitrate andnitrite reduction, so in situ redoxcycling of Fe has importantimplications for the nitrogen cycle.

An unusual stench emanated fromthe coastal waters of southwestcoast of India during September2004 associated with an algalbloom. Water samples collectedfrom 14 stations from the affected

Water columncharacteristics following theSeptember 2004 stenchevent off southern MalabarcoastKurian, S.; Shenoy, D.M.; Gauns, M.; Roy,R.; Narvenkar, G.; Pratihary, A.K.;Paul,J.T.

Biogeochemical and ecosystem responses to global climate changeand anthropogenic perturbations, and transfers across interfacesin the north Indian Ocean

Gauns Manguesh U.; Kurian Siby; Naik Hema; ; Narvekar P.V.; Sardesai Sugandha D.;Shenoy Damodar M.

Naqvi S.W.A.

Atmosphere carbon dioxide sequestration through fertilization of ahigh-nutrients-low chlorophyll (HNLC) oceanic region with iron

in combination with

area after three weeks of the event,revealed that phytoplankton weredominated byholococcolithophorids (max 27 x10 cells l ) in the coastal stationsin comparison with the offshorestations (max 8000 cells l ), whichcontained mainly diatoms. Slightlylow oxygen concentration (8-91 M)associated with relatively lowertemperature and high nutrientsindicated the prevalence of weakupwelling in the region.Chlorophyll to phaeopigmentsratio at the coastal stationsindicated that the bloom was in thedegrading phase. Resultantmicrobial activities perhaps led tohigher ammonia concentration inthe study region. Theholococcolithophorids seem to beuncommon to this region, butupon availability of rightconditions, presumablytemperature and nutrients formedmassive bloom and consequently astench affecting coastal population.

Dimethyl sulphide (DMS) is abiogenic gas of climatic significanceon which limited information isavailable from the Indian Ocean.To fill this gap, data was collectedon DMS and totaldimethylsulphoniopropionate(DMSP ) by participating in a dozencruises. Here, we discuss thevariability in DMS and DMSP inthe north and Central IndianOcean in terms of their spatial andtemporal variation are discussed.DMS and DMSP exhibitedsignificant spatial and temporal

6 -1

-1

�

a

t

t

t

Variability in abundanceand fluxes of dimethylsulphide in the IndianOceanShenoy, D.M.; Dileep Kumar, M.

y = 41190x2+ 45361x + 30265

R2 = 0.9997

0.0E+00

5.0E+04

1.0E+05

1.5E+05

2.0E+05

2.5E+05

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

Fe(II) (nM)

Sig

nal

Peak areas versus added Fe(II). Plots are typically nonlinear and are fit using a polynomial

22

variability. Apart from theconcentration gradients in DMSwithin the Arabian Sea, Bay ofBengal and Central Indian Oceanbasins, differences in averageabundances were conspicuousbetween these basins. The ArabianSea contained more DMS (mixedlayer average was 7.8 nM) followedby the Bay of Bengal (2.8 nM) andthe Central Indian Ocean (2.7 nM).The highest concentrations of DMSand DMSP (525 nM and 916 nM,respectively) were found inupwelling regimes along the westcoast of India during theSouthwest monsoon and fallintermonsoon seasons. Averagesurface DMS was the highest inthe Arabian Sea. On the otherhand observed sea-to-air fluxes ofDMS were higher in the Bay ofBengal due to the prevalence ofturbulent conditions. In theArabian Sea wind speeds were lowand hence the sea to-air fluxes.The total diffusive flux of DMSfrom the study area to atmosphereis estimated to be about 1.02 X10 g S y , which contributes to4.1–6.3% of the global DMSemission.

t

12 –1

23

Bioprospecting and biotechnology of marine microorganisms

Fungi and macroaggregationin deep-sea sedimentsDamare, S.; Raghukumar, C.

Whereas fungi in terrestrial soilshave been well studied, little isknown of them in deep-seasediments. Recent studies havedemonstrated the presence offungal hyphae in such sedimentsbut in low abundance. Presentevidence in this study is that oneof the apparent reasons for thepoor detection of fungi in deep-seasediments is their cryptic presencein macroaggregates. Fungalbiomass carbon from different coresections of deep-sea sediments

from ~ 5000 m depth in theCentral Indian Ocean wasestimated based on directmicroscopic detection of fungalmycelia. Treatment of sedimentsamples with ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) enabledmore frequent detection andsignificantly higher biomass thanin samples without suchtreatment. Treatment with EDTAresulted in detecting various stagesof breakdown of aggregates in thesediments, gradually revealing thepresence of fungal hyphae withinthem. Experimental studies of adeep-sea, as well as threeterrestrial isolates of fungi, showedthat all could grow at 200 bar and5 C in a nutrient medium and indeep-sea sediment extract. Hyphaeof fungi grown in sediment extractunder the above conditions showedvarious stages of accretion ofparticles around them, leading tothe formation of aggregates. Suchaggregates showed the presence ofhumic material, carbohydrate, andproteins. This suggest that fungi indeep-sea sediments may beinvolved in humic aggregateformation by processes very similarto those in terrestrial sediments.The importance of such a processin carbon sequestration and foodweb in the deep sea needs to beexamined.

Wind-blown dry fungal spores andmycelial fragments from thenearest landmass or terrestrial

�

Spore germination of fungibelonging tospecies under deep-seaconditions

Aspergillus

Damare, S.R.; Nagarajan, M.;Raghukumar, C.

run-off may find their way to thedeep sea by hitching a ride onother sinking detrital particles.Once in the deep, they are affectedby elevated hydrostatic pressure,low temperature and low nutrients.Effects of these on germination ofspores from a few deep-sea

isolates are examined.Spores from most of the fungigerminated under elevatedhydrostatic pressure at 30 C. Theambient temperature of the deepsea. ~ 4-5 C, was found to inhibitspore germination totally.Sediment extracts prepared inseawater promoted sporegermination as did additions ofdimethylsulfoxide and sucrose, butonly at 30 C/200 bar pressure andnot at 4-5 C. Heat shock of 15 minat 50 C helped in breaking thedormancy of the spores andinduced germination at 5 C at 1bar pressure but not at 200 bar.More than 90% of the spores fromseveral deep-seaisolates and the terrestrial isolateof lost viabilitywithin 16–17 days of incubation at5 C/1 bar. About 2-3% remainedviable for more than 3 months at5 C/1 bar. Mycelial fragmentsshowed growth and biomassproduction under elevatedpressure at 5 C. These resultsindicate that building biomassunder deep-sea conditions fromspores is not a viable option for thedeep-sea isolates.Mycelial fragments, on the otherhand, are more likely to grow.

Aspergillus

Aspergillus

Aspergillus terreus

�

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�

�

�

�

�

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�

Aspergillus

The deep-sea fungus #A 4634 observed underscanning electron microscope after growing insediment extract at 200 bar and 30°C andexamined (a) without EDTA and (b) after EDTAtreatment. Original magnification in(a) = × 1,300; (b) = × 4,500.

Microbial communities in the marine ecosystems offer innumerable opportunities for biotechnological applications. The following

summaries are for illustrating a few activities of our microbial biotechnology team. During this year, our researches brought out

new clues on how the fungi existing in the deepsea sediments grow and part-take in nutrient (carbon) recycling. By using

innovative approaches, the presence of fungal hyphae in such sediments, albeit low in abundance, was demonstrated. This

finding bears an important implication for improved detection of microbes which may be elusive for detection while residing in the

macroaggregates comprised of both live and dead organic moieties. We also demonstrated that some wind-blown terrestrial

fungal spores reaching the deep can tolerate elevated hydrostatitic pressure but remain dormant owing to perpetual low

temperatures down there. Further, the potential of marine bacteria capable of heavy metal tolerance for toxic waste

bioremediation was investigated in a greater detail. A multitude of ecological surveys and laboratory assays clearly demonstrate

the occurrence of diverse groups of marine prokaryotes capable of high tolerance to the most toxic heavy metal mercury and, of

detoxifying many pollution causing agents.

24

Cathrine Sumathi J.; Dhale Mohan A.; Mohandas C.; ; Ravindran C.Ramaiah N.

Characterization of marinebacteria highly resistant tomercury exhibiting multipleresistances to toxic chemicalsDe, J.; Ramaiah, N.

Several strains of bacteriaunusually highly resistant tomercury were isolated fromseawater and marine sedimentsamples and identified by 16SrDNA sequencing and were alsocharacterized by a battery ofbiochemical and morphologicaltests. The bacterial isolates wereidentified to belong to the genera

and . Manyof the chosen isolates were testedfor growth in the presence ofdifferent heavy metals and avariety of xenobiotics. Growthcurves of all six bacteria highlyresistant to mercury examined forgrowth at different concentrationsof Hg exhibited prolonged lagphase, during which timenecessary physiologicaladaptations to toxic milieu were

Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes,

Brevibacterium Bacillus

25

12

10

8

60 36 72 108

Log c

ell

no (

ml )

-1

GP 15 ( )A. faecealis

Growth of an isolate,highly resistant to mercury (BHRM) in seawaternutrient broth (SWNB) with no added Hg (opencircles), 10 ppm Hg (open triangles) and 50 ppmHg (open squares)

Alcaligenes faecalis

undergone. All the strains testedfor antibiotic resistance showedlittle to no effect of antibiotics ontheir normal growth. Besidescapable of detoxifying toxic heavymetals such as Hg, Cd, Pb, mostnatural bacterial strains testedwere able to degrade an array ofxenobiotics.

Habitat Ecology and aquaculture of marine organisms for foodand medicine and chemical synthesis of novel compounds

A short synthesis–stuttgartof ( )–pyrrolam A via dominooxidation–witting reaction

S

Majik, M.S.; Shet, J.; Tilve, S.G.;Parameswaran, P.S.

A short synthesis of ( )–pyrrolam Astarting from readily available

–(benzyloxycarbonyl)–L prolinol isdescribed that makes use of adomino primary alcoholoxidation–Witting reaction as thekey step.

S

N

'Over the past 50 years, large number of novel bioactive compounds have been isolated from marine flora and fauna. However,

many of them could not be developed further into useful pharmaceuticals due to scarcity of samples. As wild harvest is not easy or

sustainable, scientists are looking forward to aquaculture or chemical synthesis for mass production of these compounds.

Recently, scientists from NIO and Goa University have joined together to synthesize some of these useful molecules. The team has

been successful in synthesizing a bacterial metabolite Pyrrolam and an intermediate for several sponge furanosesquiterpenes,

furodysin, Furodysinin, etc, using novel wittig and Diels Alder reactions. Further studies for the preparation of the sesquiterpene

natural products and their analogues are now under progress'.

26

Domino Wittig Diels–Alderreaction: An expeditiousentry into the AB ringsystem offuranosesquiterpenesPatre, R.E.; Gawas, S.; Sen, S.;Parameswaran, P.S.; Tilve, S.G.

A domino Wittig Diels – Alderreaction had been employed indelineating a short and flexiblesynthetic stratagem for readyaccess to the AB ring system andthe tricyclic framework offuranosesquiterpenes, such as thebioactive natural products,furodysin and furodysinin.

Parameswaran P.S.; Sreepada Anantha R.

Evaluation, mechanism and control of biofilm and biofouling

Carbohydrates, uronic acidsand alkali extractablecarbohydrates in contrastingmarine and estuarinesediments: Distribution, sizefractionation and partialchemical characterizationKhodse, V.B.; Fernandes, L.; Bhosle, N.B.;Sardessai, S.

Concentration, size fractionationand monosaccharide compositionof carbohydrates and uronic acidswere investigated in contrastingsediments of the Mandovi estuary(ME), Arabian Sea (AS) and the Bayof Bengal (BOB). Concentrationsand monosaccharide compositionof carbohydrates and uronic acidsvaried spatially. Average yields ofcarbohydrates and uronic acidswere higher for the estuarinecompared to marine sediments.Interestingly, yields ofcarbohydrates and uronic acidsincreased in sediments with watercolumn depth, implyingpreferential removal of otherconstituents, selective preservationand/or lateral input ofcarbohydrate rich material.Analysis of monosaccharidebiomarkers indicates thatcarbohydrates were derived fromterrestrial plants, bacteria andphytoplankton, however, theinfluence of the former wasrelatively greater in sediments ofthe ME and BOB, as well as inresidual sediments of ME.Approximately 11-21% of totalcarbohydrates could be extractedusing hot alkali extraction followedby sonication. Irrespective of thedepositional environment,carbohydrates and uronic acidswere greater in the very highmolecular weight size fraction(is > 30 kDa). The abundance ofglucose increased with thedecrease in molecular size ofextracted organic matter. This

probably indicates its associationwith less degradable carbohydrates.

Four bacterial communities wereisolated fromstrain TWP1 cultures before andafter the algal cells had beentreated with different antibiotics.Incubation of with thesebacterial communities resulted indramatically different extents ofalkenone degradation, rangingfrom effectively none to extensive.Selective degradation of the moreunsaturated alkenones wasobserved in experiments using thetotal bacterial community and oneof the communities isolated fromantibiotic-treated algal cells. Theobserved increases in U areequivalent to a +2 C and +3.3 Cchange in the inferredtemperature. These results clearlyshow that intense aerobicmicrobial degradative processeshave the potential to introduce asignificant 'warm' bias inpalaeotemperature reconstructionand could explain apparentanomalies in palaeotemperaturesinferred from alkenonedistributions in strongly oxidizingsedimentary environments. Theresults show that aerobic bacteriacapable of selectively degradingalkenones are not limited toparticular environments such asmicrobial mats and can be actuallyassociated with livingcells. The detection ofepoxyketones in some culturesindicates that metabolic pathwaysinvolving attack at the terminalgroups of the molecule areessentially non-selective, whilethose acting on alkenone doublebonds are selective. Theepoxyketones resulting frombacterial epoxidation of alkenonedouble bonds could be usefulindicators of aerobic bacterial

Emiliania huxleyi

E. huxleyi

E. huxleyi

k'

37

� �

Degradation of alkenones byaerobic heterotrophicbacteria: Selective or not?Rontani, J-F.; Harji, R.; Guasco, S.;Prahl, F.G.; Volkman, J.K.; Bhosle, N.B.;Bonin, P.

alteration of the alkenoneunsaturation ratio in situ. Theproduction of alkenols duringincubation with one of thebacterial communitiesdemonstrated for the first time thatbacterial reduction of alkenonescan be a potential source of thesecompounds in the environment.The intriguing production of smallamounts of monounsaturatedalkenones by one of the bacterialcommunities also raises thepossibility of a bacterial reductionof alkenone double bonds.

The changes in dinoflagellatecommunity structure in both thewater column and sediment in amesotrophic, tropical portenvironment were investigated inthis study. Since the South WestMonsoon (SWM) is the main sourceof climatic variation, observationswere made during two consecutivepost-monsoon periods (2001 and2002) and the intervening pre-monsoon period (2002). The pre-monsoon period supported a morediverse dinoflagellate community inthe water column compared toboth post-monsoon periods.Heterotrophic dinoflagellates wereabundant in the water column aswell as sediment. A seasonalcycling between vegetative andresting cysts of autotrophic andheterotrophic dinoflagellatesgoverned by the environmentalcharacteristics of the study areawas observed. Temperature,salinity and suspended particulatematter were the main factorsaffecting dinoflagellate communitystructure in both the water columnand sediment. The dominant

Dinoflagellates in amesotrophic, tropicalenvironment influenced bymonsoonD’Costa, P.M.; Anil, A.C.; Patil, J.S.;Hegde, S.; D’Silva, M.S.; Chourasia, M.

27

Establishment of the fouling community begins with the development of primary film or the organic conditioning film comprising of

colloidal organic matter. This is immediately followed by the formation of biofilm, i.e. accumulation of microorganisms (bacteria,

diatoms, fungi and other micro-algae), and the secretion of exo polymeric substances at their cell surface during attachment,

colonization and population growth. Biofilms influence the subsequent development of the macrofouling community. This complex

process is regulated by environmental characteristics, seeding of different constituents, and the environment-surface

transboundary interactions. Bifouling, in addition to economic penalties on the marine industry, has implications in global marine

biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In this context translocation of organisms through ship hull biofouling and ships ballast

water from one bioregion to the other has also been indentified as one of the major threats to the health of the oceans.

Anil A.C.; Desai Dattesh V.; Khandeparker Lidita D.S.; Sawant S.S.

dinoflagellates in the water columndiffered during both post-monsoonperiods that followed two dissimilarmonsoon events. Prorocentroidsand gonyaulacoids dominated thewater column subsequent to the2001 SWM, whereas dinophysoidsand unidentified tinydinoflagellates dominated duringthe next post-monsoon period. The2001 SWM started in May, peakedduring June-July and reducedgradually to end in October. The2002 SWM was erratic; it startedlate (in June) and ended earlier (inSeptember). These observationshighlight the potential of the SWMto influence the communitystructure of dinoflagellates intropical waters and points to theimportance of long-term studies todiscern robust variations indinoflagellate communities inresponse to fluctuating monsoonregimes.

Effects of DNP on the cellsurface properties of marinebacteria and its implicationfor adhesion to surfacesJain, A.; Nishad, K.K.; Bhosle, N.B.

The effect of 2, 4 dinitrophenol(DNP) on the extracelluarpolysaccharides (EPS), cell surfacecharge, and the hydrophobicity ofsix marine bacterial cultures wasstudied, and its influence onattachment of these bacteria toglass and polystyrene wasevaluated. DNP treatment did notinfluence cell surface charge andEPS production, but had asignificant effect on hydrophobicityof both hydrophilic (p=0.05) andhydrophobic (p=0.01) cultures.Significant reduction in theattachment to fall the six culturesto glass (p=0.02) and polystyrene(p=0.03) was observed after DNPtreatment. Moreover,hydrophobicity but not the cellsurface charge or EPS productioninfluenced bacterial cellattachment to glass andpolystyrene. This study, showedthat DNP treatment influencedbacterial cell surfacehydrophobicity, which in turn,reduced bacterial adhesion tosurfaces.

Species interactions within afouling diatom community:Roles of nutrients, initialinoculum and competitivestrategiesMitbavkar, S.; Anil, A.C.

Diatoms constitute an importantcomponent of the foulingcommunity. Although a lot of workhas dealt with the fouling diatomcommunity structure, work on thespecies interactions within thecommunity is still meagre. In thisregard, a study was carried out bytransferring natural diatombiofilms into controlled conditionsin order to understand the roles ofnutrients, initial cell inoculum andseasonal variation in speciescomposition in structuring thefouling diatom community. Thiscommunity exhibited seasonalvariation during the monsoon,post–monsoon and pre–monsoonperiods. During each of theseseasons, diatom speciesinteractions varied depending uponthe species composition. It wasobserved that excess nutrientsfavoured those species withcomparatively higher growth rates,thereby suppressing the growth ofother co–existing species. This

competitive trait was found to beeffective at an appropriate celldensity ratio of the competitive andtarget species. Understanding suchpathways will be useful formodelling the interactions betweendiatom species in various habitatsunder different resourceconditions.

Distribution and seasonalvariation of concentrationsof particulate carbohydratesand uronic acids in thenorthern Indian OceanKhodse, V.B.; Fernandes, L.;Gopalakrishna, V.V.; Bhosle, N.B.;Fernandes, V.; Matondkar, S.G.P.;Bhushan, R.

Suspended particulate matter(SPM) samples were collected fromthe surface seawaters at 31stations, and from various depths(2 to 1000 m) at 9 locations in thenorthern Indian Ocean duringvarious seasons. SPM sampleswere analyzed for total particulatecarbohydrate (TPCHO), totalparticulate uronic acid (TPURA)and total particulate neutralcarbohydrate (TPNCHO)concentrations and composition.Strong spatial, temporal and depthrelated variations were evident inthe distribution of thesecompounds. In surface waters,concentrations of TPCHO,TPNCHO, and TPURA varied from0.57 to 3.58 M C, 0.11 to 2.34M C, and from 0.01 to 0.31 M C,respectively, and accounted for 2.6to 34.6%, 2 to 24.5%, and 0.2 to6.3% of POC, respectively, whereasthe TPURA accounted for 4.7 to22.7% of TPCHO. Concentrationsand yields of both TPNCHO andTPURA decreased rapidly in theupper 100 m of the water columnsuggesting their utilization byheterotrophic organisms. Glucosewas the most abundantconstituent of the TPNCHO.Glucose mole fraction decreasedwhile that of othermonosaccharides, especiallygalactose, arabinose, mannose,rhamnose and fucose increased inthe upper 100 m water. Below thisdepth, mole fraction of glucoseincreased while that of othersugars decreased with theincreasing water depth. Generally,high C:N ratios were associatedwith low yields of carbohydrates

� �

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Navicula delicatula Amphora coffeaeformis

Incubation period (days)

% a

bu

nd

an

ce

(m

m)

-2

Percentage cell abundance (mm -2) in mixedcultures at initial cell density ratios of (a) 99:1(b) 95:5 and (c) 85:15

28

and uronic acids. Inversecorrelation between the molefractions of arabinose plus xyloseand rhamnose plus fucoseindicates the importance ofbiogenic and terrestrial organicmatter input to the Bay of Bengal.TPURA are surface-active in natureand thus may play an importantrole in coagulation of particles andmacromolecules. The observedspatial and seasonal variations ofthese compounds may be due todifferences in phytoplanktonbiomass, nutrient status, and theinfluence of terrestrial material.

Biomarkers derived fromheterolytic and homolyticcleavage of allylichydroperoxides resultingfrom alkenone autoxidationRontani, J.F.; Harji, R.;Volkmanc, J.K.

Laboratory incubation of alkenonemixtures with tert–butylhydroperoxide and di–tert–butylnitroxide (radical initiator) inhexane, as a means to simulatealkenone autoxidation processes,rapidly led to the formation ofallylic hydroperoxides, whosepresence was recentlydemonstrated incells. After incubation in seawaterand subsequent reduction withNaBH (to reduce residualhydroperoxides before analysis),these reaction products quicklydisappeared and were replaced bycomplex mixtures of n–alcohols,fatty acids, alkyldiols andhydroxyacids. Methyl alkenonesproduced saturated n–alkan–l–olsand fatty acids ranging fromC –C and two series of C – C( –1) hydroxyacids and (1,

–1)–diols. Ethyl alkenones alsoafforded C – C saturatedn–alkan–1–ols and fatty acids,accompanied by the production ofC – C ( –2) hydroxyacids and (1,

–2)–diols. Deuterium labellingallowed us to show that most ofthe n–alkan–1–ols, hydroxyacidsand alkyldiols resulted from thereduction during the NaBHtreatment of the correspondingaldehydes, ketoxyacids andketoxyaldehydes formed fromheterolytic or hemolytic cleavagesof allylic hydroperoxyl groupsresulting from the oxidation of thedouble bonds of di– andtriunsaturated alkenones. Amongst

Emiliania huxleyi

4

13 16 13 16

13 16

14 17

4

these products, the ( –1)– and( –2) hydroxyacids formed afterNaBH reduction of the ( –1) – and( –2) – ketoxyacids were selectedas potential biomarkers foralkenone autoxidation.Re–examination of lipid extracts ofpost–bloom seawater particulatematter samples from theDYFAMED station in the LigurianSea (where strong autoxidativealteration of the lipid distributionshad previously been detected)showed the presence of significantamounts of12–hydroxytetradecanoic,13 –hydroxytetradecanoic,14–hydroxyhexadecanoic and15–hydroxyhexadecanoic acidsthus providing good evidence thatthese autoxidative processes occurin natural samples.

A thermoalkalophilic andcellulase–free xylanase producedfrom sp. MTCC 5214by solid–state fermentation usingwheat bran as a carbon source wasevaluated for prebleaching of kraftpulp. The UV absorption spectrumof the compounds released byenzyme treatment showed acharacteristic peak at 280 nm,indicating the presence of lignin inthe released colouring matter.Enzymatic prebleaching of kraft

4

Arthrobacter

Application ofthermoalkalophilic xylanasefrom sp. MTCC5214 in biobleaching of kraftpulp

Arthrobacter

Khandeparker, R.; Bhosle, N.B.

pulp showed 20% reduction inkappa number of the pulp withoutmuch change in viscosity.Enzymatic treatment reduced theamount of chlorine by 29% withoutany decrease in brightness. Theviscosity of xylanase treated pulpwas 4.0 p, whereas the viscosity ofthe pulp treated exclusively withchlorine was 4.1 p.

A comparison of viable benthicdiatom propagules based on theobservations recorded immediatelyand after 5 years of ageing at 5 Cwere studied. The number of viablebenthic diatom propagulesdecreased with ageing. However,they exhibited an apparently longerlag phase. Although diatomsbelonging to the genera

and weredominant during immediateobservation, only and

survived the ageingprocess. The non–viability of

indicated that ageingfor five years was beyond itscritical period of survival. Theother diatom genera that survivedthe ageing process wereand .

O

Amphora,

Navicula Thalassiosira

Amphora

Navicula

Thalassiosira

Odontella

Grammatophora

Effect of ageing on survivalof benthic diatompropagulesAnil, A.C.; Mitbavkar, S.; DeSilva, M.S.,Hegde, S.; DeCosta, P.M.; Meher, S.S.;Banerjee, D.

01 0 20 30 40

Xylanase dose (U/gm of pulp)

0

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Reducing sugars

Kappa number

� �

Optimization of xylanase dose (units/g pulp) for biobleaching of pulp

29

Underwater adhesion: Thebarnacle way

Eutrophication status ofmarine environment ofMumbai and JawaharlalNehru ports

Khandeparker, L.; Anil, A.C.

Sawant, S.S.; Prabhudessai, L.; Venkat, K.

Barnacle cement is an underwateradhesive insoluble proteincomplex. Marine proteins secretedby the invertebrates such asbarnacles and mussels havepotential application as powerfuladhesives as they insolubilize andadhere to variety of substrates inaqueous environment. Theadhesive properties of the barnacleadhesive proteins have beenutilized for various dental andmedical purposes. Thesepolyphenolic proteins are currentlyin demand as they are non–toxicbiomaterial, highly effective gluesand it is very difficult to raiseantibodies against these proteinsand owing to this lowimmunogenicity is also attractivefor human applications. Thebiochemical composition ofbarnacle adhesive proteins andtheir applications are studied.

The marine environment ofMumbai and Jawaharlal Nehruports was monitored for someenvironmental and biologicalparameters during three differentperiods between 2001 and 2002.The results were compared withthe records available since 1960s.With the passage of time theenvironmental status underwentchanges, probably due to theincrease in anthropogenic activitiesin the metropolis. The nutrientlevel especially the nitrateconcentration has increasedgradually over the years with asimultaneous decrease in dissolvedoxygen, indicating increase in thebiological activity. Characterizationof this environment based onAssessment of Estuarine TrophicStatus (ASSETS) model indicatesthat the current status is poor andmay get worsen in future if noappropriate management policiesare put into place.

70s 80s 00

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te (

M)

�(c)

(b)

(a)

Variations in Sewage (a), Dissolved oxygen (b)and Nitrate (c) content in Mumbai Harbour fordifferent decades (data points, n = 1–4)

Carbohydrates in sizefractionated dissolvedorganic matter in a stationof the Bay of BengalFernandes, L.; DeSouza, F.; Bhosle, N.B.

Seawater samples were collectedfrom 4 depths (2, 100, 500 and1000 m) at one station in the Bay ofBengal. Very high molecular weight(VHMW) (>30 kDa to 0.2m) and highmolecular weight (HMW) (10–30kDa) fractions of the dissolvedorganic matter (DOM) were collectedusing Amicon stirred UltrafiltrationCell, and analysed for dissolvedorganic carbon (UDOC), totalcarbohydrates (UTCHO) and neutralsugars relatively higher in HMWfraction whereas, UTCHO and UNSwere relatively enriched in VHMWfraction. Concentrations of UDOC,UTCHO and UNS generallydecreased with increasing water

depth. The UNS–C accounted for2.2–6.2% of UDOC and generallydecreased with depth. The observeddecrease suggests utilization by insitu heterotrophic organisms.Monosaccharide composition datasuggest that rhamnose, fucose andgalactose were relatively moreabundant in VHMW fraction, as wellas glucose in HMW fraction. Theweight percentage fractions of mostof the monosaccharides of bothVHMW and HMW did not showconsistent decrease with depth. Theyields and concentrations of UNSindicated a size–related diagenticsequence where VHMW representsthe most reactive fraction.

Influence of environmentalsettings on the prevalence of

in theBay of BengalTrichodesmium spp.

Hegde, S.; Anil, A.C.; Patil, J.S.;Mitbavkar, S.; Venkat, K.;Gopalakrishna, V.V.

Trichodesmium

Trichodesmium

Trichodesmium

, an importantmarine nitrogen-fixingcyanobacteria, is widespread intropical waters and contributessubstantially to the global chemicalcycles by new production. Theinteresting and intriguing featureof blooms is thesuddenness with which the bloomsappear and disappear. A well-defined periodicity and annualrhythm of bloomsin the Indian south central coastalenvironments of the Arabian Seabetween February and May is welldocumented. However, not much isknown for the Bay of Bengal.Analysis of the surface watersamples collected from themerchant vessels plying betweenChennai, Tamil Nadu, India and

0 25 50 75

1200

800

400

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0 20 40 60 0 2 4 6 8 10

VHMW (30 kDa to 0.2 µm) HMW (10 to 30 kDa)

(A) UDOC (µg/l)

De

pth

(m

)

(B) UTCHO (µg/l) (C) UNS (µg/l)

Depth profile of a dissolved ultrafiltered organic carbon fraction (A) and dissolved total carbohydrates

in ultrafiltered fractions (B), and neutral sugars (c) in ultrafiltered fractions of seawater during 166cruise of in the Bay of Bengal in July- August 2001

th

Sagar Kanya

30

Singapore at regular intervals(February 2000 to September2002) to study the variations in themicro-phytoplankton communityindicated thatpersists for a large part of the yearin the south eastern part of theBay of Bengal. Remotely sensedimages from 1997 to 2003 alsoindicated the prevalence of

in the south-eastern part of the Bay during thewinter months and in the west(west Bay of Bengal and eastArabian Sea) during summer. Thisraises the possible role of physicalforcing in the dispersal andseeding of . Theprevalence of stratified conditionsin the Bay of Bengal almostthroughout the year can be one ofthe causative factors facilitatingthe preponderance of

. The inter-annualvariations observed indicate thatthe tracking of willbe useful in understanding thebiogeochemistry of the region.

Trichodesmium

Trichodesmium

Trichodesmium

Trichodesmium

Trichodesmium

Fate of(Wulfen) J. Agardh

and its spores in darkness:Implications for ballastwater management

Enteromorphaflexuosa

Kolwalkar, J.P.; Sawant, S.S.;Dhargalkar, V.K.

Effects of darkness on thefilaments and spores of a marinealga,(Wulfen) J. Agardh was evaluatedthrough incubation experiments.Sporulation in the algal filamentswas observed even after darkexposure of 108 days and theireffective period of release ranged

Enteromorpha flexuosa

31

from 1–7 days. Spores incubated inthe dark for 51 days displayed alinear decrease in the survival andgermination rate. This was coupledwith a linear increase in theeffective period of germination forexample, 35% of spores survivedafter exposure to 51 days andthese required 21 days forgermination. These results indicatethe potential of their successfultranslocation through ballast waterof ships, a major vector initiatingmarine bioinvasion.

Effect of dark incubation on the (a) survival and germination and(b) effective period of germination of spores

30

20

10

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(b)

Survival

Germination

y= -1.07x + 84.93

y= -0.62x + 34.30

y=0.19x + 13.22

r = 0.89; p<0.0012

r = 0.43; p<0.012

r2= 0.48; p<0.01

100

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(a)

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Effective p

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days)

Bioactive molecules from marine environment

Marine molecular biology:An emerging field ofbiological sciencesThakur, N.L.; Jain, R.; Natalio, F.; Hamer,B.; Thakur, A.N.; Muller, W.E.G.

An appreciation of the potentialapplications of molecular biology is ofgrowing importance in many areas oflife sciences, including marinebiology. During the past two decades,the development of sophisticatedmolecular technologies andinstruments for biomedical researchhas resulted in significant advancesin the biological sciences. However,the value of molecular techniques foraddressing problems in marinebiology has only recently begun to becherished. It has been proven thatthe exploitation of molecularbiological techniques will allowdifficult research questions about

marine organisms and oceanprocesses to be addressed. Marinemolecular biology is a discipline,which strives to define and solve theproblems regarding the sustainableexploration of marine life for humanhealth and welfare, through thecooperation between scientistsworking in marine biology, molecularbiology, microbiology and chemistrydisciplines. Several success stories ofthe applications of moleculartechniques in the field of marinebiology are guiding further researchin this area. In this review differentmolecular techniques are discussed,which have application in marinemicrobiology, marine invertebratebiology, marine ecology, marinenatural products, material sciences,fisheries, conservation and bio-invasion etc. In summary, if marinebiologists and molecular biologistscontinue to work towards strongpartnership during the next decadeand recognize intellectual andtechnological advantages andbenefits of such partnership, anexciting new frontier of marinemolecular biology will emerge in thefuture.

Chemical analysis of the secondarymetabolite pattern of the gorgonian

, collectedalong South Indian coasts, showedEchinogorgia complexa

New bioactive hydrogenatedlinderazulene-derivativesfrom the gorgonianEchinogorgia complexaManzo, E.; Ciavatta, M.L.; Gresa, M.P.L.;Gavagnin, M.; Villani, G.; Naik, C.G.;Cimino, G.

Marine Bacteria

Isolation of genomic DNA

Digestion with

restriction

enzymes

Agarose gel electrophoresis

to check band pattern

PCR amplification

of 16S rRNA gene

Schematic representation of Restriction FragmentLength Polymorphism (RFLP) protocol. DNAobtained from marine bacteria is digested withrestriction enzyme and band pattern is checked onagarose gel. In a second procedure, 16S rRNA geneis amplified from bacterial DNA and PCR productis digested to check RFLP pattern

the presence of two new tricyclicguaiane furanosesquiterpenes, iso-echinofuran (3) and 8,9-dihydro-linderazulene (4), co-occurring withthe known echinofuran (5) andstructurally related to the pigmentlinderazulene (1). The unprecedentedmolecules 3 and 4 were characterizedby spectral methods, mainly by NMRtechniques. Compounds 3–5displayed moderate activity in themitochondrial respiratory chaininhibition assay.

A novel lectin was purified from thecoelomic fluid of the sea cucumber

(HSL), subjected tobacterial challenge. HSL is amonomeric glycoprotein of molecularmass 182 kDa. The lectin is highlythermostable as it retains full activityfor 1 h at 80 C. Further, thehemagglutination activity of HSL isunaffected by pH in the range 2-11.Unlike other lectins purified frommarine invertebrates, thehemagglutination activity of HSL doesnot require any divalent metal ions.The affinity profile of HSL wasstudied by a combination ofhemagglutination inhibition andfluorescence spectroscopy. HSL bindsto desialylated glycoproteins, Me Gal,T-antigen and T ( -ser)-antigen with

Holothuria scabra

�

Purification andcharacterization of a T-antigen specific lectin fromthe coelomic fluid of amarine invertebrate, seacucumber (

)Holothuria

scabraGowda, N.M.; Goswami, U.; Khan, M.I.

Current research activities emphasize that marine natural products show great promise in the discovery of life saving drugs. In

the natural product drug discovery program, marine organisms collected from South Indian coasts were explored for their

bioactive potential. Two new tricyclic guaiane furanosesquiterpenes, isoechinofuran and 8,9-dihydrolinderazulene, co-occurring

with the known echinofuran and structurally related to the pigment linderazulene were isolated from the gorgonian Echinogorgia

complexa and characterized by using NMR techniques. These molecules displayed moderate activity in the mitochondrial

respiratory chain inhibition assay. Molecular biological tools have significance in the discovery of marine natural products. In

view of this, the applications of different molecular biological techniques in the field of marine biology have been reviewed. During

the past two decades, the development of sophisticated molecular technologies and instruments for biomedical research has

resulted in significant advances in the biological sciences. However, the value of molecular techniques for addressing problems in

marine biology has only recently begun to be cherished. Marine molecular biology is a discipline, which strives to define and solve

the problems regarding the sustainable exploration of marine life for human health and welfare, through the cooperation between

scientists working in marine biology, molecular biology, microbiology and chemistry disciplines. Several success stories of the

applications of molecular techniques in the field of marine biology are guiding further research in this area. In this review different

molecular techniques are discussed, which have application in marine microbiology, marine invertebrate biology, marine ecology,

marine natural products, material sciences, fisheries, conservation and bio-invasion etc.

32

D'Souza Lisette M.; Menezes Maria R.; Singh Keisham S.; Wahidullah S.

a distinction between 1-4 and 1-3linkages. Me -T-antigen was apotent ligand having highest affinity(K 8.32 x 10 M ). Monosaccharidebinding is enthalphically driven whiledisaccharide binding involves bothentropic and enthalpic contributions.

Chromosomes of werecharacterized by karyotypeanalysis, C-banding and nucleolusorganizer regions (NORs). Thediploid chromosome number wasconfirmed as 30 and the karyotypeis composed of ten metacentric andfive submetacentric chromosome

� �

a

7 -1

Perna viridis

Cytogenetic studies in greenmussel,(Mytiloida: Pteriomorphia),from West Coast of India

Perna viridis

Iqbal, A.N.M.Z.; Khan, M.S.; Goswami, U.

33

0

20

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Num

ber

of M

eta

phase c

ells

Diploid chromosome number

Metaphases cells

<20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31<

Frequency distribution of diploid chromosome number in Perna viridis

pairs. Constitutiveheterochromatin blocks were foundon all chromosomal pairs exceptchromosomal pair 15, whichshowed uniform stainingthroughout the entirechromosomes. Silver stainingrevealed nucleolus organizerregions on telomeric region of fourchromosomal pairs, viz. 1, 3, 7 and11. This is the first comprehensivestudy undertaken on chromosomesof .Perna viridis

Environmental Impact Analyses of offshore mining

10Be variation in surficialsediments of the CentralIndian BasinNath, B.N.; Aldahan, A.; Possnert, G.;Selvaraj, K.; Mascarenhas–Pereira,M.B.L. ; Chen, C.T.A.

Distribution of Be insystematically collected (degree Xdegree interval at 10–16°S;73.5–76.5°E) surficial siliceousooze, siliceous clay and pelagic claysediments (top 2 cm) from theabyssal Central Indian Basin andthe Andaman Sea is used toevaluate sources and to decipherthe transport pathways ofsediment particles, demarcatesediment depocenters anderosional areas. While Beconcentrations display a widevariation (0.12–5.56 x 10atoms g ) with an average of3.58 x 10 atoms g in the CentralIndian Basin, the values in theAndaman Sea are uniform with anaverage of 1.49 x 10 atoms g . TheBe/ Be values in the Central

Indian Basin sediments rangebetween 0.06 and 2.99 x 10atoms atoms and average to~1.56 x 10 atoms atoms .Correlation of Be data with someselected major (Al, Mn, Ti) andtrace (Rb and Ba) elements suggestthat large part of the isotope hasbeen supplied through directatmospheric fallout from the watercolumn and minor part fromlithogenic detrital flux.Significantly lower Beaccumulation rates in the CentralIndian Basin and an order ofmagnitude higher in the AndamanSea sediments compared to theestimated global averageproduction rates indicate removalof the isotopes at the continentalmargins. Bottom topography seems

10

10

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–1

9 –1

9 –1

10 9

–8

–1

–8 –1

10

10

to exert control on local Bevariation, where sedimentsdeposited in valleys ortopographic depressionscontain higher Beconcentrations in contrast tothe probably erosion–dominated areas at the slopesand troughs.

Two bacterial strains, BBH6Tand BBH9, were isolated fromdeep–sea sediment samplecollected from the ChagosTrench, Indian Ocean, at adepth of 5904 m. The twostrains were closely related intheir 16S rRNA gene sequences(99.7%) belonged to onegenomic species and werevirtually identical at thephenotypic level.

DSM20145 was the nearestphylogenetic neighbour to thenew isolates, with 16S rRNAgene sequence similarity levelsof 97.2–97.4 %. The newisolates exhibited levels ofDNA–DNA relatedness of32–34% to anddiffered from it in a number ofphenotypic characteristics.Therefore, it was suggestedthat the strains BBH6 and

10

10

T

T

Microbacterium barkeri

M. barkeri

Microbacterium indicumsp. nov., isolated fromdeep–sea sedimentsample from the ChagosTrench, Indian OceanShivaji, S.; Bhadra, B.; Rao, R.S.,Chaturvedi, P.; Pindi, P.K.;Raghukumar, C.

BBH9 represent a novel species ofthe genus forwhich the name

sp. Nov. was proposed.The type strain is BBH6 (= LMG23459 = IAM 15355 ).

A modified hand–operatedmechanical device has beendeveloped to facilitate precisesectioning of the aqueous sedimentin a core liner. The device allows

Microbacterium,

Microbacterium

indicumT

T T

A device for finer–scalesub–sectioning of aqueoussedimentsValsangkar, A.B.

Photograph of the sediment sub-sampler

The environmental studies for deep-sea mining have lead to several spinoffs in terms of applying the 10Be values for surface

sediments to decipher the transport pathways of sediment particles, evaluating their source as well as correlating them with

topographic variations on the seafloor. Among the isotopic systems in Earth Sciences, lead isotopes assume importance in view of

their robustness in retaining the source characteristics, as also finding wide applications in the field of Environmental

geochemistry. A method has been developed to precisely determine Pb isotopic ratios in geological material by multicollector ICP-

MS. Discovery of 2 new species of bacteria from water depths of ~6 km has proved that deep-sea holds hidden microbial diversity

which needs to be discovered with new fine-tuned molecular and biochemical tools. A special device was developed for fine-scale

subsectioning of aqueous sediment in a core liner for EIA studies.

34

Khadge N.H.; Mascarenhas-Pereira Maria L.; Nagender Nath B.; ; Valsangkar A.B.Sharma Rahul K.

the core liner to remain vertical onthe disk protecting physical,chemical and mechanicalproperties of the sediment. Thedisk rotations are initiallycalibrated for moving unit distanceon the threaded rod and later usedproportionately for desiredincrement of the sediment. Thesediment is exposed on the top ofthe liner when the disk and linerare lowered. A collapsible scaleprovided with the coupler on thetop of the liner helps verify therequired thickness of the sedimentto be sectioned. Disk rotation doesnot cause compaction of sub–coresediment, and sub–samples arenot mixed or contaminated. Theapparatus is low–cost (<Rs 2000),portable, user–friendly, lightweight(about 9 kg) and occupies smallfloor area (0.25 sq. m). Theapparatus is made up ofnon–magnetic and anti–rustingmaterial for wide–scale application.It can be taken to the field or on asmall boat or a research vessel,and quickly assembled and ordissembled. It is especially usefulin a team with limited manpower.The core liners can be cleaned,washed and reused number oftimes, thus saving expenditure andmaking it environmental friendly.

Brevibacterium oceanic sp.nov., isolated from deep-seasediment of the ChagosTrench, Indian OceanBhadra, B.; Raghukumar, C.; Pindi, P.K.;Shivaji, S.

Two bacterial strains, designatedBBH5 and BBH7 , were isolatedfrom a deep-sea sediment samplecollected from the Chagos Trenchof the Indian Ocean (11 6 S72 31 E). Based on their 16S rRNAgene sequence similarity (99.9 %),level of DNA-DNA relatedness (93%) and a number of similarphenotypic characteristics, the twostrains are identified asrepresenting the same species.Their phylogenetically nearestneighbours, based on 16S rRNAgene sequence similarity values(97.9-98.4 %), were identified as

and. However,

strains BBH5 and BBH7 could bedistinguished from the above four

T

T

� �

� �

Brevibacterium iodinum,

Brevibacterium epidermidis,

Brevibacterium linens

Brevibacterium permense

species by a number of phenotypiccharacteristics, and levels ofDNA–DNA relatedness between thetwo new isolates and these

species were35-42%. Therefore, strains BBH5and BBH7 are considered torepresent a novel species of thegenus , for which thename sp.nov. is proposed. The type strain isBBH7 (=LMG 23457 =IAM 15353 ).

Brevibacterium

Brevibacterium

Brevibacterium oceani

T

T T T

Precise determination of Pbisotope ratios by simpledouble spike MC–ICP–MStechnique without Tl additionMakishima, A.; Nath, B.N.; Nakamura, E.

A double–spike multicollectorICP–MS (DS–MC–ICP–MS) techniquefor Pb isotope analysis without Tladdition was established and itsanalytical performance wasexamined in detail. This simpleDS–MC–ICP–MS technique using 20ng ml gave averages of 16.9417,15.4988 and 36.7196 withreproducibilities of 0.007, 0.008and 0.009 % (RSD, n = 35),respectively, for Pb/ Pb,

Pb/ Pb and Pb/ Pb in NIST981 solution, corresponding toconsumption of 4 ng of Pb in a pairof spiked and non–spikedmeasurements. The average wasconsistent with those obtained byprevious studies by DS–TIMS andDS–MC–ICP–MS with Tl addition.The reproducibility (RSD %) of

Pb/ Pb, Pb/ Pb andPb/ Pb improves from 0.26, 0.54

and 0.69 % to 0.0022, 0.0030 and0.0029 % as the Pb consumptionduring analysis increases from 20pg–11 ng. The reproducibility with11 ng was similar to or even betterthan those by DS–TIMS,MC–ICP–MS with Tl addition, orwith DS–Tl addition. The accuracyof the simple DS–MC–ICP–MStechnique for Pb, including thecolumn chemistry, was furtherconfirmed by analysis of actualsilicate sample, Jb–3.

–1

206 204

207 204 208 204

206 204 207 204

208 204

35

Exploration for deep sea mineral resources

New sites of Australasianmicrotektites in the CentralIndian Ocean: Implicationsfor the location and size ofsource craterShyamPrasad, M.; Mahale, V.P.;Kodagali, V.N.

Fifteen new Australasianmicrotektite sites have beenidentified along a transect roughlyN–S in the Central Indian Ocean.These locations, in addition to theexisting 46 sites, total to 61microtektite sites in the oceans.Regression analysis of a selectedarea between 12–26° N and98–112° E, at 0.5° intervals usingthree microtektite data setsseparately: 41 sites, 46 sites(number of sites known uptotheyears 1994 and 2006, respectively),and the entire data set of 61 siteswere carried out. This area waschosen because, on the basis ofvarious lines of evidence, severalinvestigators suggested impactcraters for the strewn field withinthis broad area. The 41 site dataset defines an impact site at about12°N and 106°E. Whereas thecontours joining the highest valuesof the square of the correlationcoefficient by using 46 site and 61site data sets define an arealocated in NE Thailand–centralLaos, the center of this site is at18°N and 104°E. Therefore withprogressive increase in microtektitedata the location of the impact siteseems to get defined morerigorously. On the basis of theequations for the concentration ofthe ejecta and the distance fromthe source region, the calculatedcrater size has a diameter rangebetween 33 and 120 km.Interestingly, the lower size limit of

33 km has been found closer toground truth by verification fromthe microtektite data of the IvoryCoast strewn field.

Drift pumice in the CentralIndian Ocean Basin:Geochemical evidencePattan, J.N.; Mudholkar, A.V.; JaiSankar,S.; Ilangovan, D.

Abundant white to light grey-coloured pumice withoutferromanganese oxide coatingoccurs within the Quaternarysediments of the Central IndianOcean Basin (CIOB). Two distinctgroups of pumice are identifiedfrom their geochemicalcomposition, which allow one todefine two different origins linkedto two separate eruptions. Onegroup of pumice is a dacitic type

characterized by high Fe, Ti, Mg, Aland Ca with comparatively lowcontents of Si, rare-earth elements( REE, 69 ppm), Rb, Sr, U, Th, Ba,V, Nb, Sc, Mo and Co, whichstrongly suggest an origin from the1883 Krakatau eruption. The othergroup is rhyolitic and ischaracterized by low contents ofFe, Ti, Mg and Ca and high Si,

REE content (121 ppm), Rb, Sr,U, Th, Ba, V, Nb, Mo, Co, and Scand correlates well with thecomposition of the Youngest TobaTuff (YTT) eruption of ~74 ka fromNorthern Sumatra and is beingreported for the first time.Therefore, correlation of thepumice to the 1883 Krakatau andYTT eruptions indicates that thepumice drifted to the CIOB andeventually sank when it becamewaterlogged. However, physical

�

�

Photograph of pumice (a, b), scanning electron microphotograph of pumice ( c, d)

Manganese nodules are strewn over millions of square kms of the deep sea floor. They exhibit a strange 'age paradox' of resting on

young sediments, rarely they get buried. Pattan and Parthiban (2007) have searched for buried nodules from 12 sediment cores

from the Central Indian Ocean and recovered fifty of them. The nodules seem to decrease in diameter with burial depth in an

imitation of the 'brazil-nut syndrome'. Chemical composition, morphology of the buried nodules shows no difference than those of

the nodules exposed on the seafloor leading to the conclusion that burial neither induces growth nor does it dissolve them. The

Central Indian Ocean also is an area where intraplate volcanic activity has been recorded by our scientists. More recently, Iyer et

al. found ferromanganese crusts growing over hardened, indurated sediments comprising of zeolitic claystones. These are also the

volcanogenic precursors for the formation of nodules, Fe-Mn crusts in parts of the Central Indian Ocean. Whereas, substrate of a

Fe-Mn crust from another area – the Vityaz Fracture Zone (Central Indian Ridge) investigated by Gupta et al., record

paleoceanographic events in the form of enhanced influx of fresh water and ocean upwelling recorded by the species n. duetertrei

and G. Bulloides and G. Menardii respectively, during the early Pliocene period.

36

Banerjee R.; Iyer S.D.; Shyam Gupta M.; Shyam Prasad M.

properties such as density, specificgravity, porosity and degree ofsaturation required for sinking ofpumice for both 1883 Krakatauand YTT are almost similar.

Native aluminium (spherulesand particles) in the CentralIndian Basin sediments:Implications on theoccurrence of hydrothermaleventsIyer, S.D.; Mascarenhas–Pereira, M.B.L.;Nath, B.N.

Particles of native aluminium (A1 )in two sediment cores from theCentral Indian Basin (CIB) weresampled. The cores weregeographically separated but werelocated at the base of twoseamounts. The native Al particlesoccurred as grains and spherules,having an average Al content of~95% and were found to beassociated with

0

0

volcanogenic–hydrothermalmaterial. Morphologically andcompositionally, the specimenswere similar to those reported fromthe East Pacific Rise. After rulingout several processes for thepresence of the native Al ), it washypothesized that duringprogressive melting of magma, abasaltic magma is produced whichhas high contents of reductantssuch as methane and hydrogen,and a low oxygen fugacity. Duringthe upward migration of suchmagma, reduction to metallicaluminium and the formation ofnative Al particles takes place.

The morphotectonic features of theCentral Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB)provide information regarding thedevelopment of the basin.Multibeam mapping of the CIOBreveals presence of abundantisolated seamounts and seamountchains sub–parallel to each otherand major fracture zones along73°E, 79°E and 75° 45’ E.Morphological analyses werecarried out for 200 seamounts thatoccur either as isolated edifies oralong eight sub–parallel chains.The identified eight parallelseamount chains that trend almostnorth–south and reflecting theabsolute motion of the Indianplate, probably originated from theancient propagative fractures.Inspite of the differences in theirheight, the seamounts of theseeight chains are morphologicallycorrelatable. In the study area theseamounts are clustered north andsouth of 12°S latitude.Interestingly, in the area north of12°S (area II: 9° – 12°S) theseamounts are distinctly smaller( 400 m height) whereas, the areasouth of 12° S (area I: 12° – 15°S)has a mixed population ofseamounts. The normalizedabundance of the CIOB seamountis 976 seamounts/10 km but ona finer scale this value varies from500–1600 seamounts/10 km ,which is less than the seamountconcentrations of the Pacific andAtlantic oceans (9000 to 16,000

0

0

6 2

6 2

≤

Morphologicalcharacteristics andemplacement mechanism ofthe seamounts in theCentral Indian Ocean BasinDas, P.; Iyer, S.D.; Kodagali, V.N.

seamounts/ 106 km ). Threecategories of seamounts arepresent in the CIOB e.g. (1)single–peaked (2) multi–peakedand (3) composite. The studyindicates that single–peakedseamounts are dominant (89%)while multi–peaked is less (8%) andcomposite ones are rare (3%) in theCIOB. The progressive northwardmovement of the Indian continentcaused collision between India andAsia at around

Fifty buried manganese nodules atdifferent depth intervals wererecovered in 12 sediment coresfrom the Central Indian OceanBasin (CIOB). A maximum of 15buried nodules were encounteredin one sediment core (AAS–22/Gc–07) and the deepest nodule wasrecovered at 5.50 m below seafloorin core AAS–04/GC–5A.Approximately 80% of the buriednodules are small in size (~2 cmdiameter) in contrast to theAtlantic Ocean and Peru Basin(Pacific Ocean) where the majorityof the buried nodules are large, ~8cm and > 6 cm, respectively.Buried nodule size decreases withcore depth and this distributionappears to be similar to thephenomenon of ‘Brazil Nut Effect’.Buried nodules exhibit bothsmooth and rough surface textures

2

62 Ma ago. Amajority of the near–axis originatedseamounts in the CIOB seemed tohave formed as a consequence ofthe temporally widespread(Cretaceous 65 Ma to late Eocene< 49 Ma) collision between Indiaand Eurasia. The regional stresspatterns in the Indian plate vary Nto NE in the continent and N to NWin Indian Ocean areas. Thecombined effect of the regionalstress patterns maintained theorientation of the seamount chainsand the local stress regime helpedin the upwelling of magma andformation of seamounts. The lowheat flow, morphological featuresand geochemical signatureindicated that the morphotectonicstructures are formedcontemporaneously with theoceanic crust.

Do manganese nodules growor dissolve after burial?Results from the CentralIndian Ocean BasinPattan, J.N.; Parthiban, G.

Scanning electron micrographs of Al° in theCIB. (a). Typical spherule of native Al°(S657, 17–18 cm). (b).Large, irregularparticle with hydration cracks (AAS 61/ BC8, 8–20 cm bsf). (c) Bulbous or nodularstructure with hydration cracks seen atedges of the globule (AAS 61/ BC 8, 8–20cm bsf). This kind of feature probablyrepresents a later detachment of spherulesas seen in (a).

37

150 �m x 170

AA-22/03 AA-22/05 AA-22/07 AA-22/08 AA-38/05 SK-85/176 AAS-41/03 AAS-04/5A AAS-05/02 AAS-04/06 AAS-62/56 AAS-62/550

100

200

300

400

500

Co

re D

ep

th (

cm)

Siliceous ooze

Red clay

Buried nodule

Distribution of buried nodules at different depths in the sediment cores from CIOB

and are ellipsoidal, elongated,rounded, sub rounded, irregularand polynucleated. Buried nodulesfrom siliceous ooze are enriched inMn, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mo, Ga, V and Rbwhereas those from red clay areenriched in Fe, Co, Ti, U, Th, Y, Cr,Nb and Rare Earth Elements(REE). Buried nodules fromsiliceous ooze suggest theirformation under hydrogenetic,early digenetic and diageneticprocesses whereas those from redclay are of hydrogenetic origin.REE are enriched more than 1.5times in buried nodules from redclay compared to siliceous ooze.However, the mode ofincorporation of REE into buriednodules from both sedimentaryenvironments is by a singleauthigenic phase consisting ofFe–Ti–P. Shale-normalized REEpatterns and Ce anomalies suggestthat nodules from siliceous oozeformed under more oxidizingconditions than those from redclay. Nodules buried at depthsbetween 1.5 and 2.5 m arediagenetic (Mn/Fe ratio 10–15),formed in highly oxic environments(large positive Ce anomalies) andrecord aeolian dust (high Euanomalies). Chemical composition,surface texture and morphology ofburied nodules are similar to thoseof surface nodules from the samebasin. Furthermore, buried nodulecompositions do not exhibit anydistinct patterns within the coredepth, suggesting that buriednodules neither grow nor dissolveafter their burial in the sedimentcolumn.

Early Pliocenepaleoceanography of theVityaz Fracture Zone (VFZ),Central Indian RidgeGuptha, M.V.S.; Banerjee, R.; Mergulhao,L.P.; Banerjee, P.; Parthiban, G.;Tewari, M.

Planktic foraminifera from thecalcareous substrate of aferromanganese crust in the VityazFracture Zone (VFZ), CentralIndian Ridge were studied toreconstruct the early Pliocenepaleoceanography of this region.Eleven species of plankticforaminifera were encountered,among them

,andare

prominent. Predominance ofin the top 3 cm of the

carbonate substrate is attributedto an influx of fresh water whicheventually triggered theirproductivity by increasing thenutrient level. The presence of

and insignificant proportions in deeperlayers suggests the prevalence ofopen ocean upwelling. The bulkchemical compositions of thesubstrate at different depthintervals indicates higherenrichment of trace metals in theupper sections which could havebeen supplied through oceanicwater by the chemical weatheringof terrestrial matter during thepeak of Pliocene Asian monsoon.Thus, it is concluded that duringthe early Pliocene the biogeniccomponents of the substrate weredistinctly contributed by bothupwelling and productivity

Globorotalia menardii,

Neogloboquadrina dutertrei

Globigerina bulloides

Globigerinoides ruber

N.

dutertrei

G.

bulloides G. menardii

triggered by an influx of freshwater originating from theintensification of the Asianmonsoon during the early PliocenePeriod.

Composition and genesis ofzeolitic claystones from theCentral Indian Ocean BasinIyer, S.D.; Sudhakar, M.; Das, P.

More than fifty induratedsediments recovered from theCentral Indian Ocean Basin (CIoB)are examined during the course ofcollection for manganese nodulesand crusts. The samples occur asslabs either over whichferromanganese oxides are presentor over a substrate of alteredoceanic basalt in conjunction withPalagonite or within the nucleus ofmanganese nodules.Mineralogically andcompositionally, the samples showa mixture of phillipsite, palagoniteand montmorillonite. It issuggested that the volcanogenicprecursors occurring in the CIoBwere subjected to varying degreesof alteration under the influence oflow temperature conditions,resulting in the formation ofzeolitic claystones. The CIoBsamples have similarities to thosereported from various sites in theworld oceans.

38

Geological, geophysical, geochemical and microbial studies of theIndian continental margins to decipher gas hydrates

Pore–water sulfateconcentration profiles ofsediment cores fromKrishna–Godavari and Goabasins, IndiaMazumdar, A.; Paropkari, A.L.;Borole, D.V.; Rao, B.R.; Khadge, N.H.;Karisiddaiah, S.M.; Kocherla, M.; Joao,H.M.

Several cores fromKrishna–Godavari (Western Bay ofBengal) and Goa (India) (EasternArabian Sea) basins have beenstudied for pore water sulfateconcentrations in order tounderstand and contrast thediagenetic processes. K–Gsediments differ markedly fromGoa sediments in pore watersulfate gradients anddepth–integrated sulfate reductionrates. Significantly higher sulfatereduction rates in K–G sediments(3.6–15.8 nmol cm day ),compared to that in Goa sediments(0.011–0.94 nmol cm day ), canbe attributed to highersedimentation rates. Lowerexposure time to oxygen for theorganic matter in K–G sedimentshas preserved reactive organiccompounds required for sulfatereducers and possiblymethanogens. Authigeniccarbonates with depleted carbonisotopic composition ( C = – 48 to–50 %) at the base of the sulfatereduction zone in a core from K–Gsuggesting anaerobic methane

–2 –1

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13�

oxidation (AMO) process. Thepossibility that the underlyingmethane gas hydrate zone is actingas a methane source for sulfatereduction can not be negatedspecially in light of the existinggeophysical studies. Both methaneand the fermentation products oforganic matter degradation servedas a substrate for sulfatereduction. However, a clearunderstanding of there relativeimportance needs furtherinvestigation.

The voluminous gravity andmagnetic data sets demandautomatic interpretationtechniques like Naudy, Euler andWerner deconvolution. Of thesetechniques, the Eulerdeconvolution has become apopular choice because the methodassumes no particular geologicalmodel. However, the conventionalapproach to solving Euler equationrequires tentative values of thestructural index preventing it frombeing fully automatic and assumesa constant background that can beeasily violated if the singular pointsare close to each other. A possiblesolution to these problems is

Automatic interpretation ofmagnetic data using Eulerdeconvolution withnonlinear backgroundDewangan, P.; Ramprasad, T.;Ramana, M.V.; Desa, M.; Shailaja, B.

proposed by simultaneouslyestimating the source location,depth and structural indexassuming nonlinear background.The Euler equation is solved in anonlinear fashion using theoptimization technique likeconjugate gradient. This techniqueis applied to a published syntheticdata set where the magneticanomalies were modeled for acomplex assemblage of simplemagnetic bodies. The results forclose by singular points aresuperior to those obtained byassuming linear background. Alsoapplied the technique to amagnetic data set collected alongthe western continental margin ofIndia. The results are in agreementwith the regional magneticinterpretation and the bathymetricexpressions.

Gas–hydrates have drawnconsiderable attention in thescientific community due to theirimportance as an alternativeenergy source. One of the besttools for hydrate exploration isconventional 2D reflectionseismics, which records the base ofthe hydrate stability zone

Finite difference modeling ofscattered hydrates and itsimplications in gas–hydrateexplorationDewangan, P., Ramprasad, T.;Ramana, M.V.

39

Finite difference modeling of seismic response of scattered hydrates with varying frequencies showed that the continuous BSR is

misleading, when the Fresnel zone is larger the distance between the scatterers. Velocity and AVO analysis of a MCS profile

depicting a BSR revealed constant average amplitudes suggesting a fluid expulsion model of gas hydrates formation in the

western continental margin of India. In such a model, the hydrate concentrations are gradational with maxima occurring at the

base of hydrate stability zone. A method for automatic interpretation of gravity and magnetic data has been developed user Euler

Deconvolution with a non linear background. The results obtained from the method are in close agreement with the regional

magnetic and bathymetry interpretations.

Pore-water sulfate studies of the 6 m long sediment cores from Krishna-Godavari and Goa Offshore, India revealed that the sulfate

reduction rates in K-G sediments (3.6-15.8 nmol cm day )are significantly higher than that in Goa sediments (0.011-0.94 nmol

cm day ), which has been attributed to higher sedimentation rates. Authigenic carbonates with depleted carbon ( C =-48 to

50%), at the base of sulfate reduction zone in K-G sediments indicate the anaerobic methane oxidation process (AMO). The

underlying gas hydrate believed to be source of methane has served as the substrate for sulfate reduction. The geochemical

studies in Krishna-Godavari Basin, east coast of India suggest that Peninsular Godavari River has sediment influx from source

rocks of Eastern India mainly Deccan Trap, Precambrian and Dharwar formation. Further, it confirms that the role of Ganges-

Brahmaputra River sediments to the basin appears to be small compared to the Peninsular rivers.

-2 -1

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Borole D.V.; Dewangan P.; Gonsalves Maria-Judith B.D.; Joao Hilda D.M.; Karisiddaiah S.M.; Kocherla M.;Mazumdar A.; Naik Gajanan P.; Ramana M.V.; Ramprasad T.

manifested in the form of abottom–simulating reflector (BSR).The conventional seismic datadepict BSR as a continuous layerand this can be misleading in themapping and prediction ofreserves, while high frequencyseismic and drilling data collectedworldwide have showngas–hydrates to be scattereddeposits. Investigation with theseismic response of scatteredhydrates with varying frequenciesand shown that BSR amplitudes in2D seismics can be misleading ifthe size of the Fresnel zone islarger than the distance betweenthe scatterers.

The occurrence of gas hydratehas been inferred from thepresence of Bottom–SimulatingReflectors (BSRs) along the

Velocity and AVO analysisfor the investigation of gashydrate along a profile in thewestern continental marginDewangan, P.; Ramprasad, T.;

western continental margin ofIndia. The spatial and verticaldistribution of gas hydrates byanalyzing the interval velocitiesand Amplitude Versus Offset(AVO) responses obtained frommulti–channel seismics (MCSs)was assessed. The hydratecements the grains of the hostsediment, thereby increasing itsvelocity, whereas the free gasbelow the base of hydratestability zone decreases theinterval velocity. Conventionally,velocities are obtained from thesemblance analysis on theCommon Mid–Point (CMP)gathers. Wave equationdatuming is used here to removethe effect of the water columnbefore the velocity analysis. It isshown that the interval velocitiesobtained in this fashion are morestable than those computed fromthe conventional semblanceanalysis. The initial velocitymodel thus obtained is updatedusing the tomographic velocityanalysis to account for lateralheterogeneity. The resultant

interval velocity model showedlarge lateral velocity variations inthe hydrate layer and some lowvelocity zones associated withfree gas at the location ofstructural traps. The reflectionfrom the base of the gas layerwas also visible in the stackedseismic data. Vertical variationin hydrate distribution wasassessed by analyzing the AVOresponse at selected locations.AVO analysis were carried outafter applying true amplitudeprocessing. The averageamplitudes of BSRs were almostconstant with offset, suggestinga fluid expulsion model forhydrate formation. In such amodel, the hydrateconcentrations are gradationalwith maxima occurring at thebase of hydrate stability zone.

A note on geochemistry ofsurface sediments fromKrishna-Godavari basin,East Coast of IndiaPattan, J.N.; Parthiban, G.; PrakashBabu,C.; Khadge, N.H.; Paropkari, A.L.;Kodagali, V.N.

A closely spaced 75 surfacesediments drawn from theKrishna-Godavari Basin(Latitude I5 35 to 16 20 N;Longitude 81 40 to 82 30 E)were analysed for texture, major,and some trace and rare earthelements to understand theirsource and provenance. Waterdepth in the study area variedbetween 300 to 2000 m andthere was a WNW-ESE trendingsedimentary ridge in thesouthwestern part of basin.Sediments were mostly silty clayin nature. Ti - bearing mineralssuch as titanite and pyrophanitcwere evident by the strongpositive correlation between Tiand Ca (r = 0.89) and Ti and Mn(r =0.67) respectively. Anindependent behaviour of Zrsuggested occurrence of zirconmineral. The strong positivecorrelation among Al, Fc, Mg andK (r = 0.68 to 0.90) suggestedtheir association with clay. Theaverage total REE ( REE 176 13ppm) abundance was similar tothat of average shale with a flatshale- normalized REE patternsuggesting a terrigenous source.High concentration of Fe

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Plot (a) represents the final velocity model obtained from tomographic velocity analysis.Plot (b) shows the depth migrated seismic section. The section is migrated using thefinal velocity model. The drop in interval velocity associated with free gas is locatedclose to structural dome and the fault plane. The sites (i)–(iv) represent the locationsselected for AVO analysis

40

(6.45 0.43%), Ti (0.82 0.07%), V(192 23 ppm), Cr (128 13 ppm)and Zr (159 19 ppm) andpresence of smectite as a majorclay mineral suggested thatPeninsular Godavari River hassediment influx from sourcerocks of Eastern India mainlyDeccan Trap, Precambrian andDharwar formation. Further, itconfirmed that the role ofGanges-Brahmaputra Riversediments to the basin appearsto be small compared to thePeninsular rivers.

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Shale normalized rare earth elements (REE) pattern of sediments (n= 75)

41

Deciphering deep crustal structure, tectonic processes and evolutionof the Indian continental margins and adjoining ocean basins

Depth anomalies in theArabian Basin, NW IndianOceanAjay, K.K.; Chaubey, A.K.

Unreported depth anomalies in theArabian Basin, northwest IndianOcean is presented previously, toprovide constraints on theevolution of the oceanic lithosphereof the basin. The depth anomalyreported in this study wascalculated as the differencebetween the observed depth tooceanic basement (corrected forsediment load) and the calculateddepth to oceanic basement of thesame age. The results indicate ananomalous depth to basement ofoceanic crust in the Arabian Basinin the age bracket of 63-42 Ma,suggesting that subsidence in thisbasin does not follow the age-depthrelationship of normal oceaniccrust. The depth anomalies in thebasin vary from +501 to -905 m. Anegative depth anomaly zone,mapped in the eastern part of thebasin near the Laccadive Ridge,indicates that here the basementdepth is shallower than predicted.By contrast, a positive depthanomaly zone, mapped in thewestern part of the basin, indicates

a deeper basement depth thanexpected. It is proposed that theexcess subsidence of basement ofthe western part of the basin isprobably caused by a relativelycold mantle, compared to thenearby eastern part of the basinwhich is affected by the intensethermal field of the former Reunionhotspot. Here, the rise in oceanicbasement is caused by the verticalupwelling of oceanic crust due toconvection, followed by a lateralacross-axis flow facilitated by theReunion hotspot at the time ofspreading in early Tertiary times.This interpretation is in goodagreement with spreading-ridgepropagation and ridge-hotspotinteraction reported earlier for thebasin.

42

Knowledge about the structure, tectonics and geodynamic evolution of the continental margins and adjoining ocean basins is

important for enhancing our understanding about the geological processes that shaped those oceanic areas and provide some of

the required constraints for evaluation of the non-living resource potential of the areas. A study in this connection in the Arabian

Sea indicated existence of anomalous depth to the basement in the oceanic crust region of the northern Arabian Basin. The

depth is shallower than predicted in the eastern part of the basin, whereas it is deeper than predicted in the western part. These

anomalous basement depth is inferred to have been caused due to influence of the Reunion hotspot.

Bhattacharya G.; Chaubey Anil K.; Krishna K.S.; Yateesh V.

Biominerals from the continental margins and conditions fortheir formation

Miocene phosphorites fromthe Murray Ridge,northwestern Arabian SeaRao, V.P.; Hegner, E.; Naqvi, S.W.A.;Kessarkar, P.M.; Ahmad, S.M.; Raju, D.S.

Phosphorites from the MurrayRidge, NW Arabian Sea comprisenodules, bioclasts, and bonefragments. The nodules are madeup of a homogeneous, light-coloredphosphate nucleus consisting of

filamentouscyanobacteria and a thin dark-greycolored phosphate cortex showingabundant microbial filaments andmicroborings. The bioclastscomprise of ~14-14.5 Ma oldplanktonic foraminifers, acceptedas the time of deposition. Sphericalto ovoid-shaped apatitemicroparticles resembling fossilbacteria are distinct componentsin the bioclasts. Bone fragmentsexhibit apatite fillings. The nodulesand bone fragments consistentirely of carbonate fluorapatite(CFA) with low Al, K, and Thconcentrations suggesting absenceof continental detritus. Shale-normalized REE patterns of thesamples support a seawater-derived composition. The highlyuniform initial values of -4.8 to-5.1 are interpreted as theseawater value at the onset ofphosphatization ~14 Ma ago. Incontrast, Sr/ Sr ratios show alarge range of 0.709055 to0.709124 corresponding tounusually young stratigraphicages of ~1 to 3 Ma. The data areinterpreted as evidence for post-depositional Sr exchange of therecrystallizing phosphorites withfluids isotopically not muchdifferent from modern seawater. Itis concluded that the phosphorites

Rivulariacean

�Nd

87 86

formed under oxic, shallow-waterconditions where microbialpopulations assimilatedphosphorus primarily fromseawater and mediatedprecipitation of CFA during earlydiagenesis at the sediment–waterinterface on different substrates.

Origin of Cretaceousphosphorites from theonshore of Tamil Nadu,IndiaRao, V.P.; Kessarkar, P.M.; Nagendra, R.;Babu, E.V.S.S.K.

Cretaceous phosphorites from theonshore of Tamil Nadu wereinvestigated for their origin andcompared with those in theoffshore. Cretaceous phosphoritesoccur as light brown to yellowishbrown or white nodules in Karai

Shale of the Uttatur Group in theonshore Cauvery basin. Nodulesexhibit phosphatic nucleusencrusted by a chalky shell ofcarbonate. The nucleus of thenodules consists of light and darkcoloured laminae, phosphatepeloids/coated grains and detritalparticles interspersed between thelaminae. Scanning electronmicroscope (SEM) studies revealedtrapping and binding activity ofmicrobial filaments. A matstructure with linearly arrangedmicrobial filaments and hollow,cell–based coccoid cyanobacterialmat were present. Nodules containabundant carbonate fluorapatite,followed by minor calcite, quartzand feldspar. The P O content ofthe phosphorites ranges from18–26%. The CaO/P O , Sr and Fcontents were higher than that of

2 5

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SEM photographs of onshore phosphorites (A-B) phosphatized micro-laminations, (B) emptymicrobial filaments, (C) laminatd microbial mat (arrows show the location of moldic vugs of detritalparticles); (D) a mat structure showing linearly arranged microbial filaments

Mineral deposits such as dolomites and phosphorites are abundant in the Earth's ancient geological history and are a few and

scattered during the Quaternary and Modern times. The unequal distribution is a matter of concern with respect to their origin.

Several workers state that there are no Quaternary or modern analogs for the ancient mineral deposits. Although active research is

being carried out by several scientists all over the world for the last 200 years there is no unity regarding origin of these deposits.

Some considered as 'inorganic' and others 'organic'. The term 'biomineral' is used here to refer those minerals formed by biological

or microbial influence. During 2007-2008 we have investigated Miocene phosphorites from Mid-ocean Ridges and Cretaceous

phosphorites from onshore Tamil Nadu. We document below the microbial influence in the formation of phosphorites in both the

deposits.

43

Kessarkar P.M.; Rao Purnachandra V.

pure carbonate fluorapatite.Concentrations of Si, Al, K, Fe, andTi were low. It was suggested thatthe nuclei of the nodules representphosphate clasts related tophosphate stromatolites formed atintertidal conditions. At highenergy levels the microbial matswere disintegrated into phosphateclasts, coated with carbonate andthen reworked into Karai Shale. Onthe other hand, Quaternaryphosphorites occur as irregular torounded, grey coloured phosphateclasts at water depths between 180and 320m on the continental shelfof Tamil Nadu. They exhibitgrain–supported texture. DespiteQuaternary in age, they alsoresemble phosphate stromatolitesof intertidal origin and reworked asphosphate clasts onto the shelfmargin depressions. Benthicmicrobial mats probably suppliedhigh phosphorus to the sediments.Availability of excess phosphorusseems to be a pre–requisite for theformation of phosphatestromatolites.

Indian monsoon precipitationfluctuated significantly during theHolocene and a reliablereconstruction of the timing of theevents and their implications is ofgreat benefit to our understandingof the effect and response of lowlatitude climate systems to theforcing factors. High–resolutionterrigenous proxy studies on alaminated sediment core from the

Indian summer monsoonvariability during theHolocene as recorded insediments of the ArabianSea: Timing andimplicationsThamban, M.; Kawahata, H.; Rao, V.P.

Oxygen Minimum Zone of theeastern Arabian Sea margin wascarried out to reconstruct thesummer monsoon–controlledprecipitation changes during theHolocene. The temporal variationin the terrigenous proxy indicatorsof that core, in combination withother high–quality cores from theArabian Sea, suggested severalabrupt events in monsoonprecipitation throughout theHolocene. The early Holocenemonsoon intensification occurredin two abrupt steps at 9500 and9100 years BP and weakenedgradually thereafter, starting at8500 years BP. A weakening inprecipitation recorded at ~7000years BP, synchronous with similarconditions in India. One of themost significant weak monsoonperiods recorded in our study wasbetween 6000 and 5500 years BP.Spectral analysis of theprecipitation records revealedstatistically significant periodicitiesat 2200, 1350, 950, 750, 470, 320,220, 156, 126, 113, 104 and 92years. Most of thesemillennial–to–centennial cyclesexist in various monsoon recordsas well as the tree ring C dataand/or other solar proxy records. Itis suggested that throughout theHolocene, externally, smallchanges in solar activity controlledthe Indian monsoon to a largeextent, whereas internally,non–solar causes could haveinfluenced the amplitude ofdecadal–to–centennial oscillations.

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44

Application of geological and geophysical methods in marinearchaeology and underwater explorations

Arcellaceans andpollen/spores of a lateHarappan settlement nearPorbandar, west coast ofIndia: Implications forpalaeoecology andenvironmental monitoringFarooqui, A.; Gaur, A.S.

Archaeological sites have been astorehouse of information onvarious aspects of the past,including climatic conditions andhydrological characteristics in aparticular time bracket. Recentexcavation near Porbandar hasbrought to light a late Bronze Agesettlement close to Porbandarcreek. The archaeological artefactshave close similarities with those ofother Harappan settlements in theSaurashtra region. Soil sampleswere collected and analysed forpollen content. The samples showshallow riverine depositionalenvironment, which was influencedby relative sea–level rise and fallcorresponding to warm and dryclimatic periods. The area wasdevoid of vegetation exceptanthropogenic plantationin the middle of late Holocene. Thiscommunication also elucidates therole of Arcellaceans (testateamoebae) for analysingpalaeoecological and climatichydroperiods during the humansettlement (early to mid 2millennium BC) around Porbandarregion.

Sesbania

nd

Ancient technology of jettiesand anchoring points alongthe west coast of IndiaGaur, A.S.; Vora, K.H.

The Indian coast, with a longhistory of maritime activities, hasbeen dotted with several ancientports. The evidence for this existsin port-related structures on theshore and in relics lying in the seaadjacent. Marine archaeologicalexplorations have revealed theexistence of jetties at Dwarka,Rupen Bandar and Porbandar, andoffshore anchoring points at BetDwarka, Miyani, Visawada andSomnath on the Gujarat coast,India. The preferred anchoringpoints fall in a water depth of 5-7m. This communication alsodiscusses the effect of tide whenusing jetties and loading points

along various parts of the westcoast India.

Since the beginning of maritimearchaeological studies, severaltypes of stone anchors have beeneither retrieved or located along thecoast of India. These stone anchorsshow their evolution to thedevelopment and have contributedimmensely towards the growth ofmaritime trade. With increase inthe carrying capacity of ships,changes made in their sizes andconstruction patterns,subsequently, the size and shapeof the anchors also got modified.On the basis of anchor findings, anattempt has been made to tracethe economic and culturalrelationships among people ofdifferent regions. Maritimearchaeological explorations havebeen carried out along the Chilikacoast, Orissa, India to locate theremains of the maritime activities.Onshore explorations have yieldedstone anchors along with herostones at Kanas, pottery, coins andstructures at Manikapatna andPalur, and navigational traditionswere observed around the villagesof Chilika Lake. These anchors aredifferent from other anchorsreported from various parts ofIndia. Kanas is the first instancewhere stone anchors have beenfound along with hero stones. Thiscommunication deals with stoneanchors of Kanas and their role inthe maritime activities of ChilikaLake region.

Stone anchors along thecoast of Chilika Lake: Newlight on the maritimeactivities of Orissa, IndiaTripati, S.; Patnaik, A.P.

Stone anchor lying in Inter tidal zone of Dwarkain Okhamadal area

Marine archaeology is about sunken shipwrecks and submerged sites. However, in the institute like this we need to go beyond. The

study of pollens collected during marine archaeological exploration near Porbander has been used in deciphering climatic

conditions about 4000 years before. For overseas trade and commerce, boat is prime necessity but then jetties and anchors are

other ancillary requirements. During the year some studies have been carried out to fathom ancient knowledge on nautical

requirements based on artefacts recovered from the sea. The article on ancient jetties on the west coast of India, clearly emphasise

the consideration of tidal factor in determining the anchoring points without jetties in higher tidal regime and wooden jetties in low

energy environments during ancient times. Similarly, finding of stone anchors in Chilika Lake indicate maritime activities from the

region, perhaps to Southeast Asian countries and ads as direct evidence to what is generally believed based on other inferences.

45

Vora K.H.

Marine Pollution Assessment and Ecotoxicology

Shark hunting – Anindiscriminate tradeendangering elasmobranchsto extinctionVerlecar, X.N.; Snigdha, Desai, S.R.;Dhargalkar, V.K.

Shark finning – chopping–off thefins and discarding the rest – isincreasing worldwide to satisfy thedemand of shark–fin soup. Thismassive requirement for shark finsand other shark–related productshas created an industry motivatedby high returns. Reaching figuresof upto US$ 116/kg, shark finshave become one of the world'smost precious commodities. Indiahas rich resources ofelasmobranchs. Of this, annualshark production has been around45,500 tonnes, obtained as aby–catch from a variety of gears.Shark–fin export in India reachedits peak in 1995 with 303 tonnes,while a second peak was in 2001.Indian shark fins have beenprocessed and marketed in manyforms. Some of the shark–finproducts have large marketdemand. Intricate techniques usedfor grading, processing andpackaging of shark fin add to theproduct value. Overfishing due toincreased demand has endangeredmany shark species. Mitigation

measures are required to save theprimitive species from becomingextinct. Identification of sharksbased on fins, to track speciesbeing overfished has been adifficult task so far. However,recent developments on DNA basedforensic techniques have made theproblem somewhat easy. Thismethod of identifying sharks fromthe fins earmarked for export,could serve well to implementcontrol measures to thisunscrupulous trade and save thestocks under depletion.

The main objectives of this studywas to follow up and see ifholococcolithophore that waspredominant in over 30 samplesfrom the southern Malabar Coast,Karnataka, India duringSeptember–October 2004 wasprevalent as well during themonsoon months of 2005. TheSeptember 2004 stench event hadcaused nausea, chest pain and

Analysis of phytoplanktoncomposition from southernMalabar Coast during the2005 monsoon as afollow–up of September 2004stench eventRamaiah, N.; Catul, V.;Kurian, S.; Rodrigues, V.; Paul, J.T.;Fernandes, V.; Imtiaz, C.A.

short periods of breathlessness inover 200 children. Results reportedin this correspondence were from afollow–up study undertaken todecipher whether such organismsare common among thephytoplankton assemblages in thesouthern Malabar coastal waters.Sampling was carried out duringthe monsoon months ofJune–September 2005 along thesame stretch from where stenchevent was reported. Monthlycompositional changes inphytoplankton in particular duringnutrient enrichment as aconsequence of upwelling wererecorded. During September 2004stench event, theholococcolithophorid accountingfor over 95% of total phytoplanktoncounts. The phyotplanktondiversity was minimal with only 23species of phytoplankton (includingthose contributing less than0.005% to total counts) wereobserved from the entire samplingstretch. While in June–Septemeber2005 as many as 78 species ofplankton were recorded, theholococcolithophorid was almostnon–existent during all the fourmonths in the entire 300 Kmsampling stretch. Although over 78species of phytoplankton wereidentified from the 2005 samples,most of the phytoplankton specieswere not abundant at all. Therewere location–wise differences inthe phytoplankton assemblagesand, no single species waspredominant in the whole samplingstretch. Apparently, this is verysignificant information to suggestthat inter–annual and seasonaldifferences are natural inphytoplankton assemblages. Acontinuous monitoring programmefor documenting phytoplanktonassemblages along the coast atsome pre–decided locations iscalled for. Many issues related toglobal change, climateconsiderations and coastalphytoplankton biodiversitychanges/patterns were understoodwhen systematic data was accrued.

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The release of untreated/partially treated waste generated due to rapid population growth and developmental activities is the major

cause of pollution in coastal areas. In order to keep a check on the health of the coastal waters of Goa continuous monitoring of the status

and trends in the level of various pollutants is being done. Advisory and technical service is being provided to government and industry

for pollution abatement. Various biomarkers of pollution, such as acetylcholinesterase activity, cytochrome P450 enzyme induction

(EROD), metallothianine activities, DNA damage etc. have been developed and used to assess the impact of the pollutants on various

species of marine organisms. Bacterial population has been characterized in the estuarine and coastal waters, and various marine

bacteria have been identified for bioremediation of pollution. Seasonal and inter-annual monitoring of benthos, zooplankton and

phytoplankton assemblages isbeingcarried out fordeterminingchanges/patternsofbiodiversity in relation to coastalpollution.

46

D'Silva C.; Durga Prasad P.V.S.S.; Kaisary Sujata; Mesquita Analia M.B.; Ray D.; Sarkar A.

Paleooceanograhy of the northern Indian Ocean - Aninterdisciplinary approach

Late Quaternary changes indepositional processes alongthe western margin of theIndus FanGovil, P.; Naidu, P.D.

Detailed sedimentological,geochemical and isotopic analyseswere carried out on sedimentsamples from ODP Site 720A onthe Indus Fan, Arabian Sea. Highvalues of calcium carbonateassociated with low values of Aland Ti from 0 to 375 ka, and lowvalues of calcium carbonate alongwith high values of Al and Ti from375 to 525 ka represent twodistinct sedimentary sequences.The sediments deposited from 525to 375 ka correspond to a turbiditesequence, characterized by a highterrigenous input of coarse-grainedsediments composed mostly ofsand and silt. The sedimentsdeposited from 375 ka to thepresent day comprise a pelagicsequence, consisting of pelagicmaterial and clay. The majorturbidity flow between 375 and525 ka resulted in the greatestdevelopment of the Indus Fanduring the late Quaternary. Most ofthe active channels were buried by375 ka, followed by deposition ofmainly pelagic sequences sincethen. Enrichment of an Indus-derived Himalayan clay mineralassemblage (illite and chlorite) inboth the turbiditic and pelagicsequences reveals that the sourceand supply of clay minerals to theIndus Fan were the same duringpre- and post-turbidite deposition.At ODP Site 720A, Al, Ti andterrigenous material do not showany systematic changes withrespect to glacial and interglacialperiods, suggesting that sea-levelchanges are not directlyresponsible for the terrigenousmaterial supply to this site. Rather,

a major switch in distributarychannels away from the westernmargin of the Indus Fan issuggested.

The ecology of coccolithophores(including species' absoluteabundance) in the water column(0-200 m) was studied in theIndian sector of the SouthernOcean, along the 45 E meridiansouth of Madagascar to Antarctica,during austral summer of 2004(January–March). Temperature,salinity and nutrientconcentrations were measured toestablish the relations between

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Ecology of coccolithophoresin the Indian sector of theSouthern OceanMohan, R.; Mergulhao, L.P.; Guptha,M.V.S.; Rajakumar, A.; Thamban, M.;AnilKumar, N.; Sudhakar, M.; Ravindra, R.

environmental parameters and theabundance and speciescomposition of coccolithophoreassemblages. Three assemblageswere identified: subtropical,subantarctic and polar. Theboundaries between theassemblages correspond to theposition of the Subtropical Front(STF), the Subantarctic Front (SAF)and the Polar Front (PF). Nutrientconcentrations increased from theSTF to the PF, and silicateconcentrations are negativelycorrelated to both the abundanceand diversity of coccolithophorepopulations. In contrast, highnitrate concentrations correspondwith a high abundance ofmonospecific assemblages of

at high latitudes.Poleward of the SAF, twomorphotypes ofdominate (Type B/C and D).

Emiliania huxleyi

E. huxleyi

12345678

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Al (weight-%)

Age (

ka)

Terrigenous matter (weight-%)

0 1

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Ti (weight-%)

15

Variations in Al, Ti and terrigenous matter at ODP Site 720A. Higher contents of Al, Ti and terrigenous matteroccur from 375 to 525 ka. Interglacial isotope stages are highlighted by dark shades and are labelled

47

The Indian economy is to a large extent dependant on the monsoons and therefore it is of vital importance to decipher its variability,

on various time scales, which is concealed in the marine sediment records. Towards this end, short and long sediment cores have

been collected at various locations in the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and Equatorial Indian Ocean. These cores have been

subsampled at close intervals and analysed for various micropaleonotological (foraminifera, coccolithophorids, pollen grains etc)

sedimentological and geochemical parameters. It is also important to study modern oceanographic processes which contribute to the

sediment record. For this, water and sediment trap samples have been collected and the micro-fossils and sediment have been

analysed for development of suitable monsoon proxies.

Ambre N.V.; Chauhan O.S.; Gujar A.R.; Naidu Divakar P.; ; Paropkari A.L.; Ramaswamy V.; Shirodkar P.V.Nigam R.

Autonomous Vehicles and Instrumentation for Oceanography

A Small AutonomousSurface Vehicle for OceanColor Remote SensingDesa E.; Pramod Kumar;

Arvind; António M.;R.G.; Antonio;

Ehrlich; R.;S.G.P.; Gajanan;

Shivanand;Sanjeev

MauryaPereira PascoalPrabhudesai MascarenhasDesa MadhanMatondkar NavelkarPrabhudesaiAfzulpurkar

This study on the development andthe use of a small autonomoussurface vehicle (ASV) thatautomatically follows programmedmission transects, while measuringsensor outputs along the tracks isdiscussed. The mechanicalconstruction of the ASV, thedistributed architecture ofcontroller area network (CAN)-based nodes for science andvehicle payloads, high-speed radio-frequency (RF) communications,the performance of the heading

autopilot, global positioning system(GPS)-based guidance algorithm,and the mission programmingtechnique. The field trials of theASV, performed off the coast ofGoa, India, are focused onretrieving the 2-D spatialdistribution of surface chlorophyll,which is one of the usefulparameters in characterizing thenature of calibration–validation(CALVAL) sites for ocean remotesensing needs. A further benefit ofASVs is that they can be built at alow cost and used in monitoringapplications of diverse coastalecosystems. IndexTerms—Autonomous surfacevehicles (ASVs), calibration–validation (CALVAL) sites,chlorophyll measurements,controller area network (CAN)nodes, mission control (MC), oceanremote sensing, vehicle control.

Ross ASV

48

Afzalpurkar S.; ; Madhan R.; Mascarenhas Antonio A.M.Q.; Navelkar Gajanan S.Desa Elgar S.

There has been a spurt of advances in the implementation of control systems on Autonomous Platforms (examples are Gliders,

Profilers, and AUVs). These platforms are essentially untethered marine robots with on board intelligence, power packs, and

sensor payloads. Less well known than the AUV is the Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV) designed to navigate autonomously in

two dimensions (2D) on the sea surface but without the function to dive. When equipped with the appropriate scientific sensors,

ASVs are finding important uses in oceanographic surveys of surface properties which can be processed to obtain high resolution

2D maps. The paper describes an in- house ASV built and tested at sea by the Marine Instrumentaion Division of NIO, Goa.

Structure, tectonics and morphology of ECMI and Bengal Fan

Simple Multiple RegressionModel for long rangeforecasting of IndianSummer Monsoon RainfallSadhuram Murthy RamanaY.; T.V.

The relationship between theIndian Ocean Sea-SurfaceTemperature Anomalies (SSTA) andthe Indian Summer MonsoonRainfall (ISMR) have been studiedfor the period, 1983–2006. Highand positive correlation (0.51;significant at >99% level) has beennoticed between ISMR and SSTAover southeastern Arabian Sea (AS)in the preceding January.Significant and positive correlation(0.61: significant at >99% level) hasalso been observed with the SSTAover northwest of Australia (NWA)in the preceding February. Thecombined SSTA index (AS+NWA)showed a very high correlation of0.71 with the ISMR. Thecorrelation between East Asia sea-level pressure (average duringFebruary and March in the region,35 N–45 N; 120 E– 130 E) andISMR was found to be 0.62. The

° ° ° °

multiple correlation using theabove two parameters was 0.85which explains 72% variance inISMR. Using the above twoparameters a linear multipleregression model to predict ISMRwas developed. These results arecomparable with those obtainedfrom the power regression(developed with 16, 8 and 10parameters) and ensemble models(using 3 to 6 parameters) of theIndian Meteorological Department(IMD). The rainfall during 2002and 2004 could be predictedaccurately from the present model.It is well known fact that most ofthe dynamical/statistical methodsfailed to predict the rainfall in2002. However, as for associationsbetween SST and ISMR, the indexis quite susceptible to inter decadalfluctuations and markedly reducedskill is found in the decadespreceding 1983. The RMS error for24 years is 5.56 (% of long periodaverage, LPA) and the correlationbetween the predicted andobserved rainfall is 0.79.

Qualitative assessment oftectonic lineaments over thecoastal and innershelf ofKakinada andKalingapatnam, central eastcoast of IndiaSubrahmanyam, A.S.; Murty, G.P.S.;Sarma, K.V.L.N.S.; Rao, K.M.;Reddy, N.P.C.; Rao, M.M.M.;Subrahmanyam, V.; Rani, P.S.;Anuradha, A.; Murthy, K.S.R.

Earth tremors of low to moderateintensity (3.0 to 5.5) recurring overlast Century in and around coastaland shelf regions ofVisakhapatnam has prompted thestudy on geophysical data betweencoastal regions of Kakinada andKalingapatnam in western part ofCentral Bay of Bengal (17°N -18°30'N) for understanding therecent seismicity of the region.Preliminary analysis of magneticand shallow seismic data revealsthe presence of some prominentland-Ocean tectonic lineaments,reactivation of which is consideredto be responsible for tremors in theregion. Total field magneticanomaly map of the study areashows two major anomalylineations such as: (a) N-S trendingmedium amplitude (~250 nT)lineation off Visakhapatnam whichis considered to be offshorefragment of converging point of twoonshore lineaments. Also thelineament is associated with fiveearth tremors of magnitude 3.7 to4.3 at 40 m water depth. Impact oftremors is also observed in theoverlying sedimentary strata in theform of vertical faults. (b) A NE-SWhigh amplitude anomaly zone(~820 nT) off Kalingapatnamtrending NE-SW, which is in closeproximity with the epicentrallocation of earth tremors of 5.5magnitude. This lineament can bespatially correlated to onshore NW-SE trending structural lineamentindicating the probable reactivation

Sliding window (21 year) correlations between the predictors (SSTA-X1; EASP-X2) and ISMR (% ofLPA) during the period, 1950-2006. Central year of the sliding window is shown in the figure. 95%and 99% significance levels are indicated as dotted lines

49

Lakshiminarayana S.; ; Murty G.P.S.; Murty Ramana T.V.; Rao Malleswara M.M.; Rao Mohan K.;Rao Narasimha T.V.; Rao Prabhakara B.; Sarma K.V.L.N.S.; Subramanyam A.S.; Subrahmanyam V.; Sudarshan

Murthy K.S.R.

In the present project we intend to compile the geophysical data sets collected in Bay of Bengal along with the published seismic

reflection data of ONGC and prepare a new database. These ongoing investigations will help to identify the recent tectonic activity,

which is taking place in southern part of Peninsular India and also to understand the factors contributing to the instability of the

region. Integration of land and offshore geophysical data would be helpful for locating recent structural discontinuities of southern

peninsular India. Studies related to structure, tectonics, morphology, physical and chemical processes of the Eastern Continental

Margin of India (ECMI) have been made in general so far. From these studies, some inferences related to coastal seismicity, sea

level variations and coastal hazards have been deduced. In the present project, some specified areas have been selected to make

detailed investigations in respect of the above parameters in a constructive manner to meet the overall object of the project.

of offshore segment resulting in theearth tremors. Off Vizianagaram,reactivation of preexistingstructural lineaments associatedwith the NW-SE trendingKandivalasa river fault may be thesource of tremors at 20 m waterdepth. Magnetic basement contourpattern changes from NE-SW toNW-SE off Visakhapatnam. It maybe inferred that the basement isbounded by two fault controlledlineaments passing throughepicenters of earth tremors offVisakhapatnam and Vizianagaram.Basement structure shows downfaulted basement (2 to 3 km)underlying the epicentral locationalong the lineaments trending NW-SE in the innershelf ofVisakhapatnam. Shallow seismicdata also indicate steeply dippingsub bottom fault in the study areaof Visakhapatnam. South ofVisakhapatnam, shallow seismicrecords indicate vertical faults andshearing reflectors in the lowersedimentary layers. From thedeformed lower sedimentary layers.It may be considered that theregion might have undergoneseismic activity in the recent past,but presently there are no reportedtremors in this region. Evenundeformed top sedimentary layerssuggest lack of recent tectonicactivity between Visakhapatnamand Kakinada in coastal and shelf

regions. It may be summarizedfrom the preliminary analysis ofthe geophysical data that the earthtremors observed north ofVisakhapatnam are caused mainlydue to reactivation of tectoniclineaments whereas south ofVisakhapatnam it is relatively freefrom any seismicity. Based on thefelt reports, tremors are attributedto shallow focus origin. Detailedinvestigations frommultidisciplinary approach likegeological, geomorphological,geophysical and remote sensingobservations coupled with seismicinformation in the study area willthrow more light on the microseismic activity and related recenttectonics of this coastal region ofeast coast of India.

Multibeam swath bathymetry,gravity and magnetic investigationswere conducted across the majordelta front canyon known asSwatch-of-No-Ground in thenorthern Bay of Bengal. The studyreveals that the canyon is a 300 m

Marine geophysicalinvestigations across thesubmarine canyon (Swatch-of-No-Ground), northern Bayof BengalSubrahmanyam KrishnaRamana Murthy

V.; K.S.;M.V.; K.S.R.

deep and 18 km wide depressionwith step-like micro-terracesrunning in NNE–SSW direction.The depth to the seafloortopography varies from 900 to1459 m with 100–150 m thicklevee sediments deposited on boththe edges of the canyon as seafloorswells spreading over a distance of10–20 km. In the area north of the20°07"N lat., the canyon ischaracterized by a gentle step-likeslope towards the western flankand a steep slope towards theeastern flank, while in the areasouth of the 20°07"N lat., themorphology of the canyon is viceversa. The anatomy of the canyonsuggests that the turbiditysediments flow in a semi-circularmanner within it. When the muddysediments strike the flank withinthe canyon, a part gets bounced-offin an orthogonal direction to thesemicircular turbidity flow leadingto the formation of steplike smallterraces on the other flank of thecanyon. The canyon is associatedwith a low gravity field of about 15mGal and weak magnetic field ofthe order of 30–40 nT. The modelstudy revealed that the submarinecanyon is not associated with anystructural discontinuities such asfaults and folds. Hence, it issurmised that the submarinecanyon is a morphological featureformed by major river flow andunderwater currents in thenorthern Bay of Bengal.

Schematic diagram showing flow-controlled incision of the canyon floor

50

I N C I S I O N

Swatch-of No- GroundEast

West

Deep

Deep

Steep slope (erosion)

Terraces And

Shallow Depth (deposition)

Terraces And

Shallow Depth (deposition)

Steep Depth (rosition)

Seabed survey of the Exclusive Economic Zone of India by usingmulti-beam Sonar

Chakraborty B.; Menezes Andrew A.; Mukhopadhyay R.; Pattan J.N.; Saran A.K.

The Western Continental Margin of India is believed to hold signatures of crustal fragmentation of the Gondwanaland in the

geological past, although the dynamics and style of such separation of landmasses are yet to be fully understood. In this direction,

effort was made to unravel tectonics of several tall (>1000m) structural rises occurring on the continental slopes off Mangalore and

their implications on regional tectonics (Mukhopadhyay et al, 2008). Similarly, spectral technique was tested on the seafloor from

three diffent oceanic regimes to determine the qualitative characterization of seafloor roughness (Chakraborty et al, 2007) using

multi-beam bathymetric data. An unique effort to characterize the biological habitat thriving on this shelf was made through

acoustic dual-frequency backscatter signal in a different paper (Chakraborty et al, 2007). In another study, the relation between

the chemical composition and magnetic susceptibility of seafloor sediment from a deep sea regime was found proportional in

Calcareous and suiliceous sediment, however with distinguishable difference in terrigeneous sediment (Pattan et al, 2008).

Acoustic characterization ofseafloor habitats on thewestern continental shelf ofIndiaChakraborty, B.; Mahale, V.;Navelkar, G.S.; Rao, B.R.; Desai, R.G.P.;Ingole, B.; Janakiraman, G.

The interaction effects of thedual–frequency (210 and 33 kHz)backscatter signal with seafloorsediment and benthic biota along atransect in water 27–83 m deepoffshore of the Goa region of India’scentral west coast was studied.Estimation of the power–lawexponent using seafloortopographic data providedequivalent values even while usingdual high–frequency systems fordifferent grain–size sediments.Backscatter signals corrected fromsystem–related gain, etc., revealbetter correlations withsedimentary and benthicparameters than the estimatedcoherence parameters (using echopeaks). Statistically, correlationswere significant for the 210 kHzbackscatter signal with sand andcalcium carbonate (CaCO )sediment content. Also,correlations are higher formacrobenthic biomass (wet weight)and population density with a 210kHz backscatter strength,emphasizing the dominantseawater seafloor interfacescattering process. For 33 kHzbackscatter strength, the absenceof such correlations indicates adifferent scattering process, i.e.dominant sediment volumescattering attributable to thecomparatively lower signalattenuation. Additionally, tovalidate the results, the

3

backscatter signals from otherlocations in the vicinity of thistransect were considered.

Spectral technique have beenapplied for seafloor topographicdata analyses from three seafloorprovinces of the Indian Ocean.Study sites include West of theAndaman Island (WAI), WesternContinental Margins of India(WCMI) and Central Indian OceanBasin (CIOB). The analysesinvolved application of suitablegridding techniques to bathymetricdata of the multi–beamHydrosweep from these sites. Totaleleven profiles i.e., three from twosites (A and B) and five from site Cwere used from varyingphysiographic provinces.Segmentation method is employedto non–stationary profile intohomogenous or stationarysegments. Thereafter, estimation ofspectral parameters ( ) is carriedout for thirty–five segmentedprofiles and amplitude parameter(S) is computed. Also, computationof Fractal Dimension (D) usingspectral exponent parameter wascarried out and analyses ispresented. Current investigationalso includes presentation ofscatter plot between the and Svalue for each site. The computedFractal Dimension (D) fromsedimentary area of the trench sideof WAI site revealed very high Dvalues i.e., higher roughness,whereas varying fractal dimension

�

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Quantitative characteristicsof the Indian Ocean seafloorrelief using fractaldimensionChakraborty, B.; Mahale, V.; Shashikumar,K.; Srinivas, K.

values from remaining areas of thissite are indicative of moderate tolower seafloor roughness.Similarly, results form WCMI (siteB) area showed variablephysiographic provinces from shelf(higher D) to slope morphologywhich appears to have modified bypresence of physiographic highsand slump related features.Highest ‘D’ values for summit ofthe highs indicate sub–aerialerosion and lower ‘D’ values forflanks across the highs were alsoobserved. Fractal Dimension (D)values from site C (CIOB) alsoindicated moderate ‘D’ values forE–W and N–S profiles. However,scatter plot between the and Svalues for E–W and N–S profilesshow interesting demarcation interms of clustering. In this work,application of Fractal Dimension isdemonstrated for quantitativecharacterization of the IndianOcean seafloor roughness.

�

Structural highs on thewestern continental slope ofIndia: Implications forregional tectonicsMukhopadhyay, R.; Rajesh, M.; De,Suritha; Chakraborty, B.; Jauhari, P.

Integrated geological andgeophysical explorations over thelast two decades along the centralwestern continental margin ofIndia reveal, from east to west, aterrace-like flat shelf, an advancingshelf break, a NW–SE-orientedwide shelf margin basin, the UpperSlope Ridge, the Prathap Ridge andthe Laccadive Ridge. The basin onthe continental slope extendsbetween the shelf break and theeastern slope of the Laccadive

51

A

B

52

Ridge, and is divided longitudinallyinto a relatively narrow easternand a wide western basin by theprominent Upper Slope Ridge.Detailed multibeam swathmapping now over an area of littlemore than 20,300 km within theshelf margin basin located on theupper continental slope nowreveals the occurrence of severalisolated structural highs of variableheight. Four of these highs arelocated over the Upper Slope Ridgeand a similar number on thePrathap Ridge. Of these, four highshave summit height > 1000 m, twohave heights between 500 and 999m, while the remaining two haveheights < 499 m. The DigitalTerrain Model developed from theprocessed multibeam swathbathymetry data offers a three-dimensional perspective of thesestructural highs. The tectonicunderstanding from multibeambathymetry findings and satellitegravity data, supported by othergeophysical information, suggestthat these structural highs arelikely to be the peaks of the UpperSlope Ridge and the Prathap Ridge.The possible origin and mode ofemplacement of these structuralhighs (and ridges) in the light ofregional tectonics are discussedand suggest that both the UpperSlope and Prathap ridges may havebeen formed during the separation

2

of India from Madagascar duringthe middle Cretaceous.

Three sediment cores in anorth–south transect (3 N to 13 S)from different sediment types ofthe Central Indian Ocean Basin(CIOB) are studied to understandthe possible relationship betweenmagnetic susceptibility ( ) and Al,Fe, Ti and Mn concentrations. Thecalcareous ooze core exhibit lowest(12.32 x 10 m kg ), Al (2.84%), Fe

(1.63%) and Ti (0.14%), terrigenousclay core with moderate (29.93 x10 m kg ) but highest Al (6.84%),Fe (5.20%) and Ti (0.44%), andsiliceous ooze core with highest(38.06 x 10 m kg ) but moderate

Al (4.49%), Fe (2.80%) and Ti(0.19%) contents. The distributionof and detrital proxy elements(Al, Fe, and Ti) are identical in bothcalcareous and siliceous ooze.Interestingly, in terrigenous core,the behaviour of is identical toonly Ti content but not with Al andFe suggesting possibility of Al andFe having a non detrital source.

� �

�-7 3 -1

-7 3 -1

-7 3 -1

Relationship betweenchemical composition andmagnetic susceptibility insediment cores from CentralIndian Ocean BasinPattan, J.N.; Parthiban, G.; Banakar, V.K.;Tomer, A.; Kulkarni, M.

�

�

�

�

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35F

e (

%)

Ti (%

)

20

15

10

520

15

10

520

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5

Al3.5

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22.5

2

1.5

10.2

0.1

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)

�(1

0m

kg

-73

-1)

Core depth (cm)

Fe

Ti

Variation of magnetic susceptibility along withAl (%), Fe (%) and Ti (%) content in acalcareous ooze core (AAS-01/SPC-18) fromCIOB

The 3-D digital terrain model (DTM) of a part of the continental slope of India (study area). Eightprominent structural highs distributed in two strips are shown. Note the flat summits, steep western andrelatively gentle eastern flanks across the highs, and scouring at the base. Also note the bulged slopewall in the north-central part and a channel-like depression in the south. The Prathap Ridge highs,dispensed on the foreground strip, are relatively conical

The occurrence of phillipsite interrigenous clay is evident by theAl-K scatter plot where trend lineintersects K axis at more than 50%of total K suggesting excess K inthe form of phillipsite. Therefore,the presence of phillipsite might beresponsible for negative correlationbetween and Al (r = -0.52). Insiliceous ooze the strong positivecorrelations among , Al and Fesuggest the presence of authigenicFe-rich smectite. High Mn content(0.5%) probably in the form ofmanganese micronodules is alsocontributing to in bothcalcareous and siliceous ooze butnot in the terrigenous core wheremean Mn content (0.1%) is similarto crustal abundance. Thus,systematically records theterrigenous variation in both thebiogenic sediments but interrigenous clay it indirectlysuggests the presence of authigenicminerals.

exc exc

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53

Tectonic controls and hydrothermal processes along the slowspreading mid-ocean ridges and the Andaman trench-backarcsystem, Indian Ocean

Possible detrital, diageneticand hydrothermal sourcesfor Holocene sediments ofthe Andaman backarc basinKurian, Nagender Nath,Ramaswamy, Naman,Rao, Gananeshwar Kamesh Raju,Selvaraj Chen

Siby; B.;V.; D.;

T.; K.A.;K.; C.T.A.

Three sediment cores near thespreading axis in the Andamanbackarc basin (ABB) were studiedfor bulk and clay mineralogy,major, trace and rare earthelement (REE) geochemistry inbulk and three selective leaches, toidentify sediment sources to thisregion and to decipher probablehydrothermal contribution. REEand other geochemical datasuggest a strong influence of theIrrawaddy River as a majorcontinental source to the ABBsediments. Low carbonate contentin the sediments is due to dilutionby higher detrital input as well asreduced foraminiferal carbonatecontribution because of low seasurface salinity. The contributionfrom local volcanic sources wasidentified from the presence ofvolcanic glass in the sand-sizedsediment fraction; higher smectitecontent in the clay fraction and thetrace element data. Mnconcentrations in the upper 12 cmare well above those found inpelagic carbonate-free sediments.Mn distribution pattern and oxidenature suggest a hydrothermalsource. Other discriminants suchas Eu anomaly and Y/Ho ratio alsosuggest the role of hydrothermalactivity. In addition, theassociation of Mo with Pb, Zn andCu in the HCl-insoluble residue

suggests the presence of sulfidicmaterial probably of hydrothermalorigin.

The convergence tectonics of theNinetyeast Ridge (NER), upon theAndaman island arc–trench system

Geophysical characteristicsof the NinetyeastRidge–Andaman islandarc/trench convergent zoneSubrahmanyam, Gireesh

Kamesh Raju,Rao, Gopala

C.; R.;Shyam Chand; K.A.;

D.

140 160 180 200 220

1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.25 1.3

0

10

20

30

0

10

20

30

�REE ( ppm )

Depth

(cm

)D

epth

(cm

)

Eu anomaly

SPC 1SPC 2SPC 3

A

B

Down core variation of (A) the REE content ofthe sediment cores; (B) Eu anomaly in thesediment cores

�

Kamesh Raju K.A. and Mudholkar Abhay V.

Mid-oceanic ridges are the primary sites of volcanic activity and generation of new crust. They exert major influence on the evolution

of the solid earth, affect the composition of the ocean waters and support unique forms of life. The purpose of the ridge program is to

characterize the mid-ocean ridges in terms of broad-scale aspects of geologic, hydrothermal, geodynamic, petrologic and biologic

processes active near spreading centers.

Under the initiative of CSIR and the MoES we are carrying out studies of mid-ocean ridges and the Andaman backarc spreading

center. The broad thrust of the program is to understand the geological processes and to explore for hydrothermal mineral resources

that occur in the form of active hydrothermal vent fields at the divergent plate boundaries. We have been carrying out

multidisciplinary investigations over three selected regions along the Central Indian Ridge (CIR), Carlsberg Ridge (CR), and the

Andaman Backarc basin.

The following studies published recently highlight the process of sedimentation in the Andaman backarc basin and the role of

Ninety East Ridge in modulating the Andaman trench in the Northeast Indian Ocean.

is examined through an analysis ofETOPO2 bathymetry, satellite-derived free air gravity and seismicdata. Oblique subduction and thebuoyancy forces arising fromsubduction of the NER render thesubduction process near theAndaman are highly complex. Thebathymetric expression of the NERis visible up to Lat 10 N butseismic reflection data indicatethat it extends up to about Lat17 N. The gravity anomalies arestrongly positive over the exposedsegment of the ridge but aresubdued over the buried portion.There is a prominent break in thecontinuity of the trench gravitylow, where the NER seems toimpinge upon the island arc.Further, a strong curvilinear belt ofnegative anomalies just behind andrunning parallel to the island arc,associated with the forearc basin,is a dominant feature of the gravitymap. An offset in the continuity ofthis strong negative anomalyoccurs at about the same latitudewhere the NER seems to beconverging upon the island arc.Seismic reflection data indicatethat the NER is very close to thetrench. Flexural modeling of thegravity anomalies for thesubducting Indian Oceanlithosphere, loaded by sedimentsand the NER, indicates that theNER is at the starting phase of itscollision with the island arc andmay not have started affecting thesubduction process itself. We inferthat the en-echelon block structureof the NER in the proximity of theconvergent zone is a consequenceof complex strike-slip andsubduction-related tectonic forces.

°

°

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Additional studies for EIA of the Mundra Port Special Economic S.N. Gajbhiyeproposed ship engineering facilities Ltd., Ahmedabadat Mundra

Rapid and comprehensive EIA & Mundra Port Special Economic S.N. GajbhiyeEMP for project a high capacity, coal Zone Ltd., Gujaratand other dry cargo terminal inMundra region

Rapid and Comprehensive EIA and Mundra Port Special Economic S.N. GajbhiyeEMP for project Mundra Port Eastern Zone Ltd., AhmedabadBasin

Rapid and comprehensive EIA & S.N. GajbhiyeEMP for Mundra Port ExpansionPhase-I: Basin and allied developmentin and around Navinal Island

Periodic monitoring of Amba estuary Indian Petrochemicals Corporation S.N. GajbhiyeLtd., Nagothane

Management of marine ecology & Vadinar Oil Terminal Ltd., Gujarat S.N. Gajbhiyeconservation of corals off Vadinar, K.H. VoraPh. IV (Ecology monitoring)

Rapid EIA for identification of MCT Enviro Infrastructure Ltd., V.S. Naidueffluents release location in the AhmedabadGulf of Khambhat downstream ofvillage Vadgam

Marine EIA of new site for disposal of Nirma Ltd., Ahmedabad V.S. Naidutreated effluent in the coastal water ofBhavnagar

Identification of effluents release Maharashtra Energy Gen. Ltd., V.S. Naidulocation in Amba estuary for proposed (REC), Mumbai T.G. Jagtap4000 MW power project of MEGL atShahapur, Maharashtra and EIA study

Marine EIA study for the proposed ESSAR Power Gujarat Ltd., V.S. Naidumarine facilities at Salaya for the T.G. Jagtap1200MW imported coal basedThermal power plant by EssarPower Gujarat Limited

Identification of sites and modes of Visa Power Ltd., Kolkata R.V. Sarmaintake of sea water and effluentrelease and assessment of impactson marine environment due toproposed power plant near Bherai

Environmental studies in Tapi Essar Steel Ltd., Surat, Gujarat R.V. Sarmaestuary

EIA study for seismic survey in seven Reliance Industries Ltd. R.V. SarmaNELPVI offshore blocks

Selection of site for release of Chitra Industries Association, M.J. Jiyalal Ramcombined treated effluents in Bhavnagar

Zone

Mundra Port & Special EconomicEconomic Zone Ltd., Gujarat

Mumbai

SPONSORED PROJECTSSPONSORED PROJECTS

Title Sponsoring Agency Project Leader

54

Bhavnagar creek and assessmentof impacts on marine ecology

Ecology of near shore coastal area Sea Rock Hotel, Mumbai M.J. Jiyalal Ramadjacent to Sea Rock Hotel, Mumbai

Monitoring of coastal waters at Bharuch Eco-Aqua Infrastructure M.J. Jiyalal RamKantiajal for BEAIL, Gujarat Ltd., Ankleshwar, Dist. Bharuch

Rapid and Comprehensive EIA and Mundra Port and Special Economic T.G. JagtapEMP for project" Mundra Port Zone Ltd. S.N. GajbhiyeNorthern Basin"-Evaluation of marinemacrophytes

Environmental baseline data collection Ozone Propex Private Ltd., T.G. Jagtapat and around Capao (Vaxim) an Bangalore Classy D'Silvaisland in Mandovi estuary, Goa to Analia Mesquitaassess the feasibility to developing M.T. Baburecreational facilities

Marine EIA due to release of GACL Gujarat Alkalies & Chemicals Ltd., A.N. Kadameffluent in Gulf of Khambhat

Marine Environmental Impact Pan India Paryatan Ltd. (PIPL), A.N. KadamAssessment of proposed development Mumbai T.G. Jagtapof SEZ of Gorai-Manori Part II:(MEIA:IMEE)

REIA for the construction of proposed Goa State Infrastructure Development P.V. Shirodkarpassenger jetty at Dona Paula, Goa Corporation Ltd., Panaji, Goa B.S. Ingole

M.T. Babu

REIA for the construction of a jetty at Goa State Infrastructure Development P.V. ShirodkarPanaji, Goa Corporation Ltd., Panaji, Goa M.T. Babu

Identification of a suitable location for Mangalore Special M.T. Babua marine outfall off Mangalore & REIA P.V. Shirodkardue to the combined effluents coming X.N. Verlencarfrom MSEZ

Modeling study on temperature and HMR Environmental Engineering M.T. Babusalinity dispersion and recirculation Consultants, Sultanate of Omanaround intake and outfall of powerand desalination facilities at Barka,Sultanate of Oman

Identification of probable locations for Cairn Energy India Ltd., P. Vethamonythe installation of a SPM andassociated pipeline route

Studies for rapid EIA, EMP and RA for Cairn Energy India Ltd., P. Vethamonythe proposed SPM and associated P.V. Shirodkaractivities off Okhamadi based on one X.N. Verlencarseason field investigations S.P. Fondekar

S. Jayakumar

RMEIA for marine outfall of proposed Deccan Fine Chemicals, B. Prabhakara Raochemical industry at Payakaraopeta, G.P.S. MurtyVisakhapatnam Y. Sadhuram

N.P.C. ReddyZ.A. Ansari

Rapid Marine Environmental Impact Vijaynagar Biotech, B. Prabhakara RaoAssessment (RMEIA) for the disposal K.M. Raoof the treated effluents in the marine T.V.R. Murtyenvironment N.P.C. Reddy

Z.A. Ansari

Dist. Bharuch

EconomicZone Ltd., Mangalore

Mumbai

Gurgaon

Hyderabad

Visakhapatnam


Sponsored Projects

55

SPONSORED PROJECTS

Monitoring of ONGC well MN-DWN- Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd., P.K. Dinesh Kumar98/3-A (MDW#4) in Mahanadi Kolkataoffshore Block MN-DWN-98/3

Monitoring of ONGC well MN-DWN Oil & Natural Gas Corporation P.K. Dinesh Kumar98/3-B (MDW#5) in Mahanadi KolkataOffshore Block MN-DWN-98/3

Oil spill risk assessment, modeling Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd., S.P. Fondekarstudies and preparation of oil spill Mumbaicontingency plan for liquid cargo jettyat JNPT, Navi Mumbai

Marine environmental impact Prize Petroleum Company Ltd., V. Sanil Kumarassessment study of the proposed Gurgaon P.K. Dinesh Kumardevelopment and productionoperations of cluster-7 oil fields

Rapid EIA studies in connection with Advani Pleasure Cruise Company V. Rathodthe construction of a berthing jetty Pvt. Ltd. M.T. Babunear Reis Magos Light House in theriver Mandovi

Rapid EIA for identification of De Tox Corp. Pvt. Ltd., Surat V.S. Naidurelease location in the Gulf

Khambhat for Zydus

Oil spill risk assessment, modeling HPCL - Mittal Pipelines Ltd., Noida S.P. Fondekarstudies and contingency plan for SPM,COT and associated pipelines atMundra Port

Marine environmental impact study Adani Power plant, Ahmedabad S.N. Gajbhiyefor expansion of APL power plant atWandh, Kachchh District Gujarat

Rapid EIA for the construction of Goa State Infrastructure P.V. ShirodkarSalvador do Mundo-Madel church Corporation Ltd., M.T. Babu(Chodan) Bridge T.G. Jagtap

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ Indomer Coastal Hydraulics (P) Ltd., B. Prabhakara Raoboundaries for North Chennai Power ChennaiCompany Limited, near Kalanji Village,North of Ennore, Chennai

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ Indomer Coastal Hydraulics (P) Ltd., B. Prabhakara Raoboundaries near Bhavanapadu Chennai

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ Indomer Coastal Hydraulics (P) Ltd., B. Prabhakara Raoboundaries near Vembar Chennai

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ Indomer Coastal Hydraulics (P) Ltd., B. Prabhakara Raoboundaries at Kakinada Chennai

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ Indomer Coastal Hydraulics (P) Ltd., B. Prabhakara Raoboundaries Near Uppada, East ChennaiGodavari

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ Indomer Coastal Hydraulics (P) Ltd., B. Prabhakara Raoboundaries at Nemmali near ChennaiMahabalipuram, South of Chennai

Ltd.,

effluentofInfrastructure Ltd.

DevelopmentPanaji, Goa

Coastal Regulation Zone Demarcation


Sponsored Projects

56

CRZ demarcation for survey Nos. Shri Giridhar, S/o G.V. Ramana, B. Prabhakara Rao68, 73-80, 73 along the Gosthani river Visakhapatnamnear Chittivalasa, Andhra Pradesh

HTL and LTL demarcation at Shri SREI Capital Markets Ltd., B. Prabhakara RaoSabharanarekha River, Orissa Kolkata

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ Maytas Infra Ltd., Hyderabad B. Prabhakara Raoboundaries at south of Manginapudicreek near Machilipatnam

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ GMR Energy Ltd., Bangalore B. Prabhakara Raoboundaries at Kakinada Bay area forGMR Energy Limited

Demarcation of HTL and CRZ Ravindranath Multispeciality Dental B. Prabhakara Raoboundaries for plot Numbers 20, 49, Hospital50 etc, near Timmapuram, BhimiliMandal, Andhra Pradesh

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ KVK Energy & Infrastructure Ltd., B. Prabhakara Raoboundaries along Vettar river andalong the coastal front near Karaikal

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ Institute of Development and B. Prabhakara Raoboundaries near Mutom Fishing Studies (IDPS)Harbour, Tamilnadu

Demarcation of HTL and delineation Finolex Industries Ltd., K.C. Pathakof CRZ boundary along and acrossthe property near Pawas Bay,Ratnagiri

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ IND-Bharat Power (Karnataka) Ltd., K.C. Pathakalong Northern bank of Kali river near KarwarHankon village

Demarcation of HTL and delineation Grace Estate Development K.C. Pathakof CRZ boundary along and acrossthe plot bearing CTS No. 2841 (pt)of village Malvani, at Malad (West)

Demarcation of HTL and delineation Vision, Mumbai on behalf of NK K.C. Pathakof CRZ Boundaries on plot bearing Builders & Developers, MumbaiF.P.No.939 of TPS-IV of MahimDivision, Mumbai

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and Essar Power Gujarat Ltd., Mumbai K.C. Pathakdelineation of CRZ boundary forproposed steel plant site nearVadinar, Gujarat

Providing HTL/LTL demarcation along ASP Incorporated, Mumbai K.C. Pathakwith CRZ report for the proposedshipyard at Dabhol Taluka

Demarcation of HTL and delineation Matrix Corporation, Mumbai G.M. Tirodkarof plot CRZ boundary along andacross the No. 558 SS VII city surveyN.E.-86/18, village Bandra, TalukaAndheri at 18th Khar West, MumbaiSub-District Mumbai

Demarcation of HTL and delineation Indomer Coastal Hydraulics (P) G.M. Tirodkarof CRZ boundary at Pipavav, Port, Ltd., ChennaiGujarat

Planning

Ratnagiri

Corporation


Sponsored Projects

57

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ Athena Power Private Ltd., Ch. Jawahar Kumarboundaries at Komagiri village near HyderabadKakinada

Demarcation of HTL and CRZ YES YES Minerals B. Prabhakara Raoboundaries along Vanagiri beach,Tamil Nadu

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ Indomer Coastal Hydraulics B. Prabhakara Raoboundaries near Nizampatnam and Chennaialong the creeks

Demarcation of HTL and delineation 199 Architectural Consultant K.C. Pathakof CRZ boundary along and acrossthe plot bearing C.S. No. 7A/632 ofMalbar Hill Division in D' ward Mumbai

Demarcation of HTL and delineation Jayant Tipnis Consultants G.M. Tirodkarof CRZ boundary along and acrossthe plot bearing CTS No. E/86-10 ofvillage Bandra (West) Mumbai, forNavi Mumbai Sherli Mata YashodharaNagar Rahiwasi CHS (LTD)

Demarcation HTL, LTL and CRZ Indomer Coastal Hydraulics B. Prabhakara Raoboundaries off Kattupalli near Ennore Chennai

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ Indomer Coastal Hydraulics B. Prabhakara Raoboundaries near Cuddalore Chennai

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and CRZ Indomer Coastal Hydraulics B. Prabhakara Raoboundaries near Thirukuvalai Port Chennai

Demarcation of HTL, LTL and Public Work Division Chiplun, S.C. Vazdelineation of CRZ boundaries at T.G. JagtapKelashi Creek for Public Work DivisionChiplun, Ratnigiri and Evaluation ofMangroves and sand-dune flora fromproposed development (bridge) site

Demarcation of High Tide Line and Makhija Developers Pvt. Ltd. S.C. Vazdelineation of CRZ boundaries atNerul, Navi Mumbai

Consultancy services to BEAIL during Bharuch Eco Aqua Infrastructure V. Subrahmanyampost laid survey of offshore pipeline & Ltd.diffuser

Seabed surveys for inspection of Mangalore Refinery and Petrochem V. Subrahmanyam650m and 750m length submarine Ltd., Mangalorepipeline corridor of MRPL

Analysis & interpretation of available Reliance Industries Ltd., Mumbai P.S. Raoshallow seismic data over the eastern V. Ramaswamycontinental margin of India, preparation K.M. Raoof total suspended matter distributionmap covering western and easterncontinental margins of India andcompilation of seabed geological datacovering western continental marginof India

Pvt. Ltd.,

Pvt. Ltd.,

Pvt. Ltd.,

Pvt. Ltd.,

Ratnigiri

Geological & Geophysical surveys


Sponsored Projects

58

Third Party inspection of pre, mid & Dharti Dredging & Infra Ltd., G.M. Tirodkarfinal dredging survey for the capital Hyderabaddredging work off Goa Shipyard,Chicalim for GSL

Side scan sonar surveys for Hindustan Shipyard Ltd., K.V.L.N.S. Sarmaidentifying teak wood in the channel Visakhapatnam

Sedimentology and geochemistry of M/s Chilka Development Authority, K.M. Raosediment cores of Chilka Lagoon D.V. Borol

Identification of wave spectra for Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd., V. Sanil KumarMumbai offshore Mumbai

Studies for identification of marine Lanco Infratech Ltd., Haryana S. Jayakumaroutfall & intake locations for V. SubramaniamNagarjuna Thermal Power Plant P. Mehraat Padubidri, Karnataka

Wave, current and tide measurements Mundra Port and Social Economic K. Ashok Kumarat Mundra Port Zone Ltd.

Testing of Ballast water treatment Hyca Technologies Private Ltd., A.C. Aniltechnology (Phase-I) Mumbai

Assessment of impacts of the National Environmental Engineering M.T. BabuKalpasar project on existing and Research Institute, Nagpurproposed ports around the project

Sampling and analysis of seawater, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, M.J. Jiyalal Ramsediment and bioaccumulation oflocally available fish along coast

Tidal characteristics of waters around Sobha Developers Ltd., C. RevichandranVelanthakad island near Kochi

Environmental Monitoring of Chilka Authority, Bhubaneswar, R.A. SreepadaLagoon

Impacts and Vulnerability studies Winrock International India, A.S. Unnikrishnanalong the coast of India to projectedsea-level rise and changes in extremesea-level

Inspection and underwater video- Executive Engineer, WD-VII(NH) K.H. Voragraphy for the well and well cap of Panajithe old and new Mandovi Bridge

Production capacity expansion of the Tata Chemicals Ltd., Mithapur R.V. SarmaMithapur complex, enhancement ofcapacity of seawater input and effluentdischarge

Enabling a forecasting system for the INCOIS-Ministry of Earth Sciences, S.S.C. ShenoiIndian seas: Observational Component Hyderabad(EnFoSIS-O) under INDOMODprogramme

Bhubaneswar

Gandhinagar

Bangalore

Orissa

New Delhi

PWD,

Engineering

Others

Grant-in-aid Projects


Sponsored Projects

59

Ocean Observing Systems: measure- INCOIS -Ministry of Earth Sciences, S.S.C. Shenoiment of surface velocities and met- Hyderabadocean parameters using satellitetracked drifting buoys in the IndianOcean

Effect of locally generated waves in INCOIS-Ministry of Earth Sciences, P. Vethamonythe sea breeze dominated zone when Hyderabadsuperimposed on pre-existing swellsunder INDMOD programme

Equatorial Indian ocean process INCOIS-Ministry of Earth Sciences, S. Prasanna Kumarstudy - dynamics and biogeochemistry Hyderabadunder INDMOD programme

Monitoring Bio-optical Parameters and INCOIS -Ministry of Earth Sciences, T. SureshDetection of Bloom Hyderabadunder Satellite Coastal &Oceanographic Research (SATCORE)

To trace the geological signatures of INCOIS-Ministry of Earth Sciences, A.R. Gujarpaleo-tsunami in the coastal Hyderabadsediments around Dhabol, northMaharashtra

Dynamics and thermodynamics of the INCOIS-Ministry of Earth Sciences, P.M. Muraleedharanequatorial Indian Ocean Hyderabad

Ocean Observing Systems: long-term INCOIS -Ministry of Earth Sciences, V.S.N. Murtymeasurements of currents in the HyderabadEquatorial Indian Ocean throughdeep-sea moorings

Real time wave data collection at two INCOIS-Ministry of Earth Sciences, V. Sanil Kumarshallow water locations in the northern HyderabadIndian Ocean for coastal ocean forecast

Ocean Observing Systems: Long- INCOIS -Ministry of Earth Sciences, V.V. Gopalakrishnaterm monitoring of upper ocean Hyderabadthermohaline fields along selectedshipping lanes in the seas aroundIndia

Waste assimilative capacity of select Ministry of Earth Science, P. VethamonyIndian coastal waters throughmeasurements and simultaions

Biodiversity of plankton in the coastal Ministry of Earth Sciences, M.J. Jiyalal Ramwater along, Gujarat

Comprehensive Topography Survey Ministry of Earth Sciences, B. Chakrabortyof the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

Collection, identification, maintenance Ministry of Earth Sciences, Lisette D'Souzaof National Repository of MarineSpecies under the National Programme“Development of Potential Drug fromOcean."

Monitoring coastal water quality along Ministry of Earth Sciences, Classy D'Silvathe east and west coasts including R.V. Sarmaislands of India by NIO, Goa, V.V. SarmaRC Mumbai and RC Visakhapatnamunder COMAPS

Trichodesmium

New Delhi

New Delhi

New Delhi

New Delhi

New Delhi


Sponsored Projects

60

Modelling intraseasonal variability of INCOIS-Ministry of Earth Sciences, S. Doraiswamythe north Indian Ocean under New Delhiprogramme of MoES

Assessment of myctophid resources CMLRE, Ministry of Earth Sciences, S. Prasanna Kumarin the Arabian Sea and development Kochiof harvest and post harvest technology

Assessment of seasonal and inter- CMLRE, Ministry of Earth Sciences, N. Bahulayanannual variability of physical, Kochiecosystem and nutrient biogeo-chemical cycles in the Arabian Sea,using coupled hydrodynamics-ecosystem model, satellite data, shipand moored data buoy observations

System Analyses of OMZ: A CMLRE, Ministry of Earth Sciences, S. Achuthankuttypolyphasic approach under Kochithe Marine Living ResourcesProgramme

Environment & productivity CMLRE, Ministry of Earth Sciences, P.A. Loka Bharathithe India EEZ Kochi

Ecosystem Modelling in Kochi ICMAM-Ministry of Earth Sciences, N. Bahulayanbackwaters ((150 sq. km) by Regional New DelhiCentre, NIO, Kochi (Kochi backwaters))

Integrated Coastal and Marine Area ICMAM-Ministry of Earth Sciences, V. Sanil KumarManagement(ICMAM) - Shoreline New DelhiManagement for Karnataka Coast

National Programme on Isotope Department of Science & Technology, P.M. MuraleedharanFingerprinting of Waters of India- New DelhiI-WIN

Genetic characterization of tunas Department of Science & Technology, Maria R. Menezesusing DNA markers New Delhi

Mass culture of the fast growing Department of Science & Technology, Sushama G. Parabphytoplankton (algae) for societal and New Delhibiotechnology applications

Identification and characterization of Department of Science & Technology, Savita Kotnalanovel antiviral compounds from the New DelhiIndian Seaweeds for their use incontrolling plant viral infections

Studies on phytoplankton responses Department of Science & Technology, Jagdish S. Patilto monsoon driven environmental New Delhichanges in a tropical environment

Screening of Bio-molecules from Department of Biotechnology, N. Ramaiahmicrobial diversity collected fromdifferent ecological niches

Standardization of techniques for Department of Biotechnology, R.A. Sreepadacaptive breeding, rearing and culture New Delhiof three Indian seahorse species(

)

Scaling up of marine bacterial Department of Biotechnology, C. Mohandasenzymes for deinking of office waste New Delhipaper

Hippocampus kuda, H. fuscus and

H. trimaculatus

patterns in

New Delhi


Sponsored Projects

61

RESEARCH CRUISES

Euphotic zone production estimation Space Applications Centre, S.G.P. Matondkarusing satellite data as an input to Ahmedabadassess potential yield of pelagicherbivores in the Indian EEZ

Study of biogeochemical cycles Space Applications Centre, S.G.P. Matondkarin Arabian Sea Ahmedabad

Diurnal cycle of pecipitation over Space Applications Centre, M.R. RameshKumartropical Indian Ocean (Megha- AhmedabadTropiques UP(MTUP) Sub-Project)

Mapping and monitoring of dust storms Space Applications Centre, V. Ramaswamyover North Indian Ocean using AhmedabadOCEANSAT-II OCM-II andscatterometer winds data

OCEANSAT-II OCM geophysical Space Applications Centre, T. Sureshretrieval Ahmedabad

Fluvial fluxes in coastal and marine Space Applications Centre, O.S. Chauhanenvironment Ahmedabad


Sponsored Projects

62

CRV Sagar Sukti

133 4-5 Apr. 07 Collect sediment samples for foraminiferal studiesRajani P. Panchang

134 6-10 Apr. 07 Carry out surveys in the western continental shelfB. Chakraborty of India

135 17-18 Apr. 07 Carry out oceanographic observationsS.W.A. Naqvi

136 25-26 Apr. 07 Carry out time series observationS.W.A. Naqvi

137 27-28 Apr. 07 Test the performance of the RF modemG.S. Navelkar

138 1-3 May 07 Study bacterial ecology along the west coastMaria Judith Gonsalves of India, coast off Goa

139 4-5 May 07 Carry out observation off GoaRajesh Agnihotri

140 8-9 May 07 Carry out microbiological sampling from the OMZCathrine S.J and coastal regions off Goa

141 10-11 May 07 Carry out observation for the project workSiby Kurian

Trial Cruise 16 May 07 Operate multibeam survey systemB. Chakraborty

143 17-18 May 07 Collect sediment samples in the estuarine andB. Nagender Nath offshore area off Goa for geochemical studies

144 19-20 May Impart practical training to naval officers deputed byA.K. Chaubey the National Hydrographic School, Goa

145 21-24 May 07 CTD profiling and water sample collection at aD. Sundar stationary location off Panaji in Mandovi estuary

146 25-27 May 07 -doD. Sundar

148 29 May 07 Collect sediment samples in the Mandovi estuariesV. Purnachandra Rao under EEZ multi-beam survey

149 13 Jun. 07 Operate single beam echo-sounding system andB. Chakraborty sediment collection in Mandovi estuaries under EEZ

multi-beam survey

150 28 May to 29 Sep. 07 Study Mandovi estuary during monsoon, time seriesD. Sundar hydrography measurements at a stationary location off

Panaji in Mandovi estuary at 1100 hrs. everyday

151 27-29 Sep. 07 Study the evolution of oxygen deficient conditionsMangesh Gauns along the west coast of India

152 30 Sep. to 4 Oct. 07 HAB studies along west coast, Goa-Karwar-S.R. Bhat Mangalore

153 8-13 Oct. 07 Carry out surveys in the western continental shelf ofS.S. Gaonkar India

154 12-15 Oct. 07 Study the evolution of oxygen deficient conditionsManguesh Gauns along the west coast of India

Trial Cruise 18-21 Oct. 07 Operate multi-beam survey systemWilliam Fernandes

RESEARCH CRUISESRESEARCH CRUISES

Cruise No. Dates/Chief Scientist Objectives

63

155 24-25 Oct. 07 Study of bacterial ecology in the coastal watersJudith M. Gonsalves “Understanding Coastal Upwelling”

156 26 Oct. to 1 Nov. 07 Carry out surveys in the western continental shelf ofD.K. Naik India

157 3-7 Nov. 07 HAB studies along west coast, Goa-Karwar-S.R. Bhat Mangalore

158 10-14 Nov. 07 Study the evolution of oxygen deficient conditionsManguesh Gauns along the west coast of India

Trial Cruise 19-21 Nov. 07 Carry out surveys in the western continental shelf ofGavin Walker India

158A 24 Nov. 07 Retrieve the mooring deployedAnand Methar

159 25 Nov. to 2 Dec. 07 Carry out surveys in the western continental shelf ofGovind Ranade India

160 2-9 Dec. 07 -do-Gavin Walker

161 9-16 Dec. 07 -do-B. Chakraborty

162 17-21 Dec. 07 HAB studies along west coast, Goa-Karwar-S.R. Bhat Mangalore

163 23-30 Dec. 07 Carry out sediment sampling at multi-beamJ.N. Pattan surveyed area

164 3-9 Jan. 08 Carry out multibeam surveys in the westernGavin Walker continental shelf of India

165 12-19 Jan. 08 -do-Govind Ranade

166 23-30 Jan. 08 -do-B. Chakraborty

167 30 Jan. to 4 Feb. 08 CTD Profiling and water and biological sampleP.K. Dinesh Kumar collection

168 4-11 Feb. 08 Carry out sediment sampling at multi-beamGavin Walker surveyed area

169 12-15 Feb. 07 Seabed survey for IOCLK.V.L.N.S. Sarma

170 20 Mar. to 3 Apr. 08 Study biogeochemical process in the coastal waters offY. Sadhuram Visakhapatnam

232C 4-10 Apr. 07 Collection of sediment cores, offshore Goa

237 31 Jul. to 20 Aug. 07 Multidisciplinary oceanographic cruise in the ArabianRajeev Saraswat Sea

237A 18-23 Aug. 07 Service the ADCP/Current meter moorings off GoaS.S.C. Shenoi

Research 27 Oct. to 5 Nov. 07 Conduct SAT and calibration of the deep-water multi-Cruise N. Prabhakaran beam installed

242A-Leg 1 8-18 Nov. 07 Carry out deployment of two PMEL/NOAA surfaceA.M. Almeida moorings and CTD operations at a number of stations

along 89 E. Deployment of XBTs along sections normal tothe coast off Chennai and Paradip

242B-Leg 2 25 Nov. to 14 Dec. 07 Carry out multidisciplinary water column and sedimentS. Prasanna Kumar measurements

171 28 Mar. to 1 Apr. 08 -do-

N.P.C. Reddy

o

ORV Sagar Kanya


Research Cruises

64

BTV Sagar Manjusha

RV Sonne

Sagar Paschimi

ORV Roger Revelle

Marion Dufresne

Sagar Purvi

SAMA-01 26-28Jan. 08 Carry out CTD sea trials off GoaTrial Cruise Gajanan P. Naik

SAMA-02 29 Jan. to 9 Feb. 08 Carry out hydrographic survey off Goa, Raigarh andG.S. Michael Bhatkal

SAMA-03 13-20 Feb. 08 Deployment of drifting buoys in different locations andG.S. Michael hydrographic measurements off Goa to be carried out

using CTD

SAMA-04 1-9 Mar. 08 Retrieve and deploy ADCP/Current meter moorings offS.S.C. Shenoi the central west coast of India

SAMA-05 12-27 Mar. 08 Time series hydrography measurements using CTDD. Sundar profiling and water sample collection at a fixed location

SAMA-06 30 Mar. to 5 Apr. 08 Study the offshore processesD. Sundar

NIO-RVS-II 4 Sep. to 15 Oct. 07 Conduct reflection and refraction seismic experimentK.S. Krishna in the Gulf of Kutch areas as a part of the ongoing

projects SMM 004 and SSP-1741

NIO-RVS-II 17 Oct. to 1 Dec. 07 Acquire geophysical data and seabed and waterK.A. Kamesh Raju column samples for geological, chemical, physical and

biological oceanographic studies related to tectonic andoceanographic processes over the Carisberg Ridge and theAndaman Sea regions in the Indian Ocean under CSIRNetwork Programme

1-4 Mar. 08 Field observations (time series) at Zuari mouth andBlasco Fernandes transect monitoring in the coastal waters off Mormugao and

Ratnagiri

21 Aug. to 18 Sept. Long-term time series measurements includingS.W.A. Naqvi calibration of critical atmospheric and oceanographic

parameters

MD161 10-28 May 07 Acquisition of geological data and long sediment coresT. Ramprasad in the Bay of Bengal

31 Mar. to 12 Apr. 07 Installation and testing of High Resolution DigitalM.V. Ramana Sparker System


Research Cruises

65

Meeting/Discussion

S.W.A. Naqvi USA 12-13 Apr. 07 Meeting on Oxygen Minimum Zones at theAgouron Institute, San Fransisco

-do- Canada 12-14 Jun. 07 Scientific Steering Committee Meeting of IntegratedMarine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems Research(IMBER)

-do- Italy 10-11 Jul. 07 First meeting of the SCOR Working Group 129 on DeepOcean Exchanges with Shelf (DOES)

-do- Germany 3-10 Nov. 07 Attend the group of experts meeting to discuss theassessment of the state of Marine Environment for theUN General Assembly and visit AWI-Bremerhaven of thestate of marine environment for the UN GeneralAssembly

V.S.N. Murty South Africa 23-25 Apr. 07 Attend the 4 meeting of the Indian Ocean Panel

R.A. Sreepada Germany 6-12 May 07 Attend the meeting as a member of Steering Committeeand general body meeting of the European Commissionfunded project and visit Center for Tropical MarineEcology (ZMT) and Tehnoolgie Transfer Centre (TTZ),Bremerhen to finalise the proposals for EC fundingunder FP7 programme

-do- Germany 7-13 Feb. 08 To participate in the steering committee meeting andGeneral assembly of all partners of the EU fundedproject and to participate in project disseminationworkshop being held in conjunction with fish farminginternational exhibition at Bremen

N.B. Bhosle Italy 8-10 May 07 Third annual meeting of all the partners of the projectTBT impacts and for discussion on current activities,progress of the project and future programmes

S.R. Shetye Italy 29-31 May 07 Meeting of Inter Academy Programme (IAP) WaterProgramme Evaluation and Strategic Planning

Rajiv Nigam & Iran 6-10 Jul. 07 Discussions on long term collaboration in the fieldM.C. Pathak of marine geology and deliver lectures on marine

geology/geophysics to scientists of Geological Survey ofIran

A.K. Chaubey Iran 6-13 Jul. 07 Discussions on long term collaboration in the field ofmarine geology and deliver lectures on marinegeology/geophysics to scientists of Geological Survey ofIran

V. Ramaswamy Iran 6-20 Jul. 07 Discussions on long term collaboration in the field ofmarine geology and deliver lectures on marinegeology/geophysics to scientists of Geological Survey ofIran

D.V. Borole Iran 10-13 Jul. 07 Discussions on long term collaboration in the field ofmarine geology and deliver lectures on marine geology/geophysics to scientists of Geological Survey of Iran

P.V. Shirodkar Iran 10-17 Jul. 07 Discussions on long term collaboration in the field ofmarine geology and deliver lectures on marinegeology/geophysics to scientists of Geological Survey ofIran

th

DEPUTATIONS

Scientist Country Duration Purpose

66

P.S. Rao Iran 13-17 Jul. 07 Discussions on long term collaboration in theA.L. Paropkari field of marine geology and deliver lectures on marineB. Nagender Nath geology/geophysics to scientists of Geological Survey

Iran

R. Mukhopadhyay Thailand 30 Jul. to 4 Aug 07 4 AOGS (Asia Oceanic Geosciences Society) AnnualS. Prasanna Kumar Meeting 2007 at Queen Sirikit National Convention ,V.S.N. MurtyM. Dileep KumarP. VethamonyA. SuryanarayanaV. Ramesh Babu& K. Sudheesh

G.H. Sainekar Kenya 3-7 Sep. 07 Advisory Board Member in the proceedings of the AquaticSciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Advisory BoardMeeting

N. Ramaiah Japan 15-18 Sep. 07 International Society for Microbial Ecology Meeting andto make a presentation

M.V.M. Wafar USA 18-24 Sep. 07 Census of Marine Life (CoML) and OBIS meetings

Dileep Kumar France 16-19 Oct. 07 Fifteenth session of the Steering Committee of the GlobalClimate Observation System (GCOS), WorldMeteorological Organization (WMO)

Elgar Desa New Zealand 11-17 Nov. 07 Scientific on Oceanic Research (SCOR) panel meetingand the Census of Marine Life (CoML) all programmeetings

P.A. Loka Bharathi New Zealand 11-19 Nov. 07 Census of Marine Life's conference on all project meetingM.V.M. Wafar &Baban Ingole

Prasanna Kumar Brazil 16-25 Feb. 08 First India-Brazil-South Africa (IBSA) and PIRATAmeeting

Baban Ingole USA 28-29 Feb. 08 7 Managers Committee meeting of the OceanBiogeographical Information System (OBIS)-COML

T.G. Jagtap Philippines 12-15 Mar. 08 As resource person to discuss the status of the sea grassecosystem and share the expert opinion on the presentstatus of sea grass ecosystem in India and adjacentcountries and identify species for Red List which wouldhelp in Global monitoring of sea grass ecosystems

V.V. Gopalakrishna Switzerland 16-21 Apr. 07 Fourth Session of the Ship Observation Team (SOT-IV)and present the National report on the Indian Ships ofOpportunity Program

-do- USA 10-14 Mar. 08 International Workshop on the XBT Fall Rate Equationand to visit Atlantic Oceanographic and MeteorologicalLaboratory (AOML)

Baban Ingole Bangladesh 22-25 May 07 Chittagong International Biodiversity Conference 2007and a joint meeting of Species 2000 Asia OceaniaWorking Group and BioNET-SCANET

-do- Taiwan 17-21 Sep. 07 Short course on DNA barcoding protocols, RegionalBarcode Meeting and Second International Barcode ofLife Conference at Centre for Biodiversity

th

th

& K.H. Vora of

Centre, Bangkok

& P. Vethamony

Workshop/Conference/Symposium/Session


Deputations

67

DEPUTATIONS

A.C. Anil UK 9-13 Jul. 07 Member of Indian delegation in the 56 session of theMarine Environment Protection Committee (IMO)

-do- -do- 31 Mar. to Member of Indian Delegation in 57 session ofthe Marine Environment Protection Committee

K. Sudheesh Indonesia 25-31 Aug. 07 Third UNESCO-IOC International Workshop on TsunamiNumerical Modeling: Course-II, Tsunami InundationModeling

M.P. Tapaswi Belgium 17-20 Sep. 07 Ninth session of the IODE Group of experts on MarineInformation Management (GE-MIM)

A.L. Paropkari China 17-28 Sep. 07 Joint IMBER/LOICZ Continental Margins Open ScienceConference and visit State Key Laboratory of Estuarineand Coastal Research, East China Normal University anddeliver lecture

P. Vethamony Singapore 26 Sep. to International Maritime-port Technology and DevelopmentConference and visit the Tropical Marine ScienceInstitute to give talk and discuss collaborativeopportunities

R.A. Sreepada China 22 Oct. to 4 Nov. 07 International Training Workshop on MarineBiotechnology sponsored by the Department ofInternational Co-operation, Ministry of Science &Technology (MoST)

P. Vethamony & Maldives 24-27 Oct. 07 Regional workshop on Sciencetowards enhanced management ofin South Asia

M.T. Babu Kuwait 18-20 Nov. 07 3 Conference of International Congress of Chemistryand Environment ICCE-2007 and present a paper

S.R. ShetyeV. RamaswamyM. Dilleep KumarPurnachandra RaoA.C. AnilShankar DoraiswamyV.S.N. MurtyS.S.C. Shenoi &V.V.S.S. Sarma

N. Ramaiah China 20-30 Nov. 07 Second Joint Workshop on Ocean Processes in Relationto Changing Climate in Asia-Oceania and to visit SouthChina Sea Institute of Oceanography for future researchcollaboration between NIO and SCSIO

Sundaresh & Singapore 21-23 Nov. 07 Conference on Early Indian Influences inSouth East Asia: Reflections on cross cultural movement

P.K. Dinesh Kumar Indonesia 3-14 Dec. 07 United Nations Framework Convention on ClimateChange (UNFCCC)

P.S. Rao & Bangladesh 6-13 Jan. 08 Participation in 4th Internationalon Deltas

Z.A. AnsariS. Mandal &S. Jayakumar

S.W.A. Naqvi South Africa 10-14 Mar. 08 India-Brazil-South Africa (IBSA -OceanWorkshop at Marine Research Institute University ofCape Town

th

th

rd

4 Apr. 08

1 Oct. 07

Policy InteractionsSugandha Sardesai coastal systems

China 20-22 Nov. 07 Second Joint Workshop on Ocean Processes in Relationto Changing Climate in Asia-Oceania

Sila Tripathi

ConferenceV. Ramaswamy

UAE 23-29 Feb. 08 7 International Conference on Coastal and PortEngineering in developing Countries (COPEDEC-VII)

General& M.V.M. Wafar

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V.V.S.S. Sarma Japan 17-19 Mar. 08 International workshop on Asia-Pacific CarbonObservations conducted in Tsukuba

B. Nagender Nath Japan 21-25 Mar. 08 Misasa Symposium III on “Origin, Evolution andDynamics of the Earth” and to visit ORI, University ofTokyo for discussions regarding forthcoming Japanesecruises in Indian Ocean

P. Vethamony Australia 15-22 Apr. 07 Present a paper on “Interaction of seas generated by seabreeze superimposed on pre-existing swells: a casestudy” and visit Griffith University to explore acollaborative program under Indo-Australia StrategicResearch Fund

-do- France 19-21 Sep. 07 Presentation on Wave-data availability, forecastinitiatives and research activities for deep waterapplications in the North Indian Ocean

Satya Ranjan Sahu Belgium 23-28 Apr. 07 Attend E-Repository training course organized by theIOC Office for International Oceanographic DataExchange (IODE)

J. Cathrine Sumathi Germany 15 May to Fellowship at University of Kaiserlautern

R. Alagarsamy Taiwan 5 Jun. 07 to Carry out post doctoral fellowship at EarthDynamic System Research Centre, National Cheng KungUniversity

Classy D'Silva Portugal 11-22 Jun. 07 Collaborative project work under Indo-Portuguese& M.S. Shailaja Cooperation in Science and Technology

between DST, Govt. of India and GRICES, Portugal

Y.K. Somayajulu UK/Italy 17-29 Jun. 07 Develop operational use of altimeter data for the coastalregion

Sila Tripati UK 19 Jun. to Undertake the research on study of the monsoons andthe maritime trade of India from an archaeologicalperspective

S. Jayakumar Thailand 29 Jun. to UNESCO-IOC training course on Tsunami NumericalCourse-II

S.W.A. Naqvi Germany 12-17 Jul. 07 Visit to MPI, Bremen to analyse samples fromMarkandaiya dam and to AWI Bremerhaven to discussmatters concerning possible charter of RV Polar Stern forthe proposed CO sequestarian experiment

Anand L. Methar USA 17-18 Jul. 07 Training on maintenance and operation of the sedimenttraps organized by M/s McLeane Research LaboratoriesInc.

P.S. Rao & Singapore 31 Jul. to Inspect the second hand vesselGajanan P. Naik

-do- Ukarine 13-17 Aug. 07 Inspect the second hand vessel

Desmond Gracias USA 20-27 Aug. 07 Training on Cesium Vapor Marine Magnetometer

M.V.M. Wafar Brazil/USA 1-17 Sep. 07 Deliver special lectures on “Global warming productivityand nutrient biogeochemical cycles in the tropical coast”at Sao Paulo University

2

MV Seapol-1

MV Swan

Training/Visiting Scientist

31 Jan. 08

31 Jul. 08

Research

15 Sep. 07

6 Jul. 07

5 Aug. 07


Deputations

69

EVENTS

R. Madhan USA 1 Sept. to 1 Oct. 07 POGO-SCOR Fellowship for training in design of stationkeeping vertical profilers for coastal and deep oceanobservations

V.K. Banakar Japan 15 Sep. 31 Oct. 07 Fellowship from Japan Society for Promotion of Science,Kochi University

V. Sanil Kumar Maldives 16-22 Sep. 07 Carry out technical survey on the requirement ofMaldives Government to combat coastal erosion

Pramod Kumar Portugal 1 Oct.07 to Persue PhD studies in the area of marine robotics atInstitute of System and Robotics, Lisbon

Yatheesh V France 10-12 Oct. 07 Collaborative project work with IFCPAR funded projectentitled “Deciphering history of the Indio-Eyrasiacollision from detailed plate tectonics of the Indian Ocean

Rahul Sharma Japan 15-20 Oct. 07 Present a paper at the Underwater Mining Institute,University of Tokyo

D. Sundar UK 25 Oct. to 6 Dec. 07 Training in tide data analysis/Tsunami signal handlingthrough time series data

Dr. Anil Chatterji Malaysia 10 Jan. to Research Fellowship to help in developing a cuter forhorseshoe crab research at Institute of Aquaculture,University of Malaysia

S. Jaya Kumar Australia 15 Mar. 08 to To avail study leave for pursuing PhD at University ofQueensland, Australia

V.V.S.S. Sarma Japan 31 Mar. to To carry out isotopic analysis of carbon and nitrogen inthe suspended samples collected at Godavari estuary

K.S. Krishna Thailand/ 16-18 Jun. 07; On board American Research VesselSingapore 6-10 Aug. 07 for acquisition of geological and geophysical data across

the Ninetyeast Ridge, joint collaboration programme forunderstanding origin and formation of the ninetyeastregion, Eastern Indian Ocean

V. Ramaswamy, UAE 16 Sep. to German Research Vessel cruise fordeployment and retrieval of sediment traps, sedimentaerosols

RV Roger Revelle

RV Meteor

Maurya 30 Sep.09

31 Dec. 08

14 Mar. 10

2 Jun. 08

Fernando Vijayan & 7 Oct. 07Anand Methar

Cruise participation


Deputations

70

Long 'H' specialization course

Workshop on Indian Estuaries

CSIR Foundation Day Lecture

Industrial Offshore Surveying – a Long HydrographySpecialization Course for naval officers deputed by theNational Hydrographic School, Goa was organized atNIO for a period of 4 weeks which commenced on 14thMay 07. The course was a part of Master ofHydrographic Surveying (MHS) degree awarded by GoaUniversity. Total 8 naval officers; 5 from Indian Navy, 2from Sri Lankan Navy and 1 from Bangladesh Navy;attended this course. The training program wascomprised of a series of lectures in the morning sessionfollowed by tutorials in the afternoon session. Thecourse also covered practical training onboard CoastalResearch Vessel for familiarization ofgeological and geophysical equipment used for nearshore surveys.

A one-day Workshop on Indian Estuaries wasorganized at the institute on 25 June 2007. Thisworkshop was organized to honour Dr. M.D. Zingde,Scientist-in-charge at RC Mumbai, on the occasionof his 60th birthday in appreciation of his service tothe study of the Indian estuarine and coastal regionsand his endeavours towards controlling its pollutionand ensuring its sustenance.

Dr. B.N. Desai, former Director NIO was the chiefguest for the inaugural function. On the occasion abook was released titled 'The Mandovi and ZuariEstuaries'. Later Dr. Zingde presented a talk on

'Estuaries of India – their environmental status andmanagement strategies'.

The Institute celebrated CSIR Foundation day on 26September this year by organizing a public lectureon 'Erosion in River Basins of India: Causes andConsequences' by Prof. S. Krishnaswami, IndianNational Science Academy (INSA) Professor atPhysical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad.

This talk highlighted the importance on the studiesof chemical and physical erosion of river basinswhich has been a topic of research amonggeochemists since long. Early studies on chemistryof rivers were motivated by the quest to learn aboutthe sources of various elements to water, forexample, in terms of atmospheric supply, mineralweathering, and biogenic inputs and to infer abouttheir distribution and reactivity in the oceans.During the past two decades, the emphasis ofinvestigations on these topics is more on the role ofrivers as an agent of long term global change byregulating the CO budget of the atmosphere. In thiscontext, studies on young orogenic belts (Himalaya)and basaltic terrains (Deccan Traps) with conducivemonsoon climate for intense weathering and erosion,has received significant attention among the globalriver basins. In India research at PRL has helped tounderstand the importance of rivers as a keycomponent of the Earth System influencing GlobalChange.

While discussing weathering processes, he said,"Weathering breaks down rocks due to their physicaland chemical reactions with the atmosphere,hydrosphere and biosphere. Physical weatheringresults from mechanical fragmentation caused dueto stress, whereas chemical weathering is a processby which the rocks are converted to dissolvedcomponents and secondary minerals. The chemicalweathering is a key pathway in the geochemicalcycles of elements and can be explained in threepatterns, i.e. carbonate, sulfide and silicateweathering. Out of these the silicate weathering is asink for CO on land and the weathering rates can bestudied using Strontium (Sr) isotopes". The

Sagar Sukti

2

2

EVENTS

71

important radiogenic strontium isotope - Sr/ Sr -ratios constraint silicate/ carbonate weatheringcontributions to rivers. The detailed Sr/ Sranalysis of samples from Himalayan rivers show thatsilicate weathering contribute extremely high (about20%) by the silicate rock formations. Studies onyoung orogenic belts (Himalaya) and basaltic terrains(Deccan Traps) act upon by the monsoon climateresulting in chemical weathering - quite highcompared to the other global rivers.

He concluded that the rapid silicate (chemical)weathering of rocks in the Himalayan region drawingdown CO from the atmosphere which can reducethe temperature is debated as there is the equallyrapid rate of emission of carbon dioxide into theatmosphere, resulting in increasing of thetemperature.

Refresher Course on Marine Geology and Geophysicswas held at the Institute during 22nd October to 2ndNovember. The course was primarily aimed foruniversity teachers and research scholars who wereinterested to enhance their understanding on MarineGeology and Geophysics. The course was sponsoredby the Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore, theIndian National Science Academy, New Delhi, andthe National Academy of Sciences, India, Allahabad.A total of 40 participants were registered for thecourse. During 10 working days, 53 lectures weredelivered by scientists who came from different fieldsof specialization in Oceanography. The topicscovered during the course were physical and bio-geochemical processes in and around the seas ofIndia, environment of formation of marine minerals,present and past sea level changes, global change,palaeoceanography, plate tectonics, magnetic,gravity and seismic measurements in the seasaround India and their interpretation.

A 2 day workshop cum training programme wasorganized at the Institute from November 19 – 20,2007 under the European Commission fundedproject on Tri Butyl Tin (TBT). The programconsisted of theory lectures and practical training inTBT analysis in marine samples.

Dr. Paolo Massanisso from Ente Per Le NuoveTecnologie, L'energiae L'ambiente (ENEA), Italy, apartner in the project along with the Indian partnersdelivered lectures to the participants. The practicaltraining of the extraction, derivatization, clean-upand instrumental determination of organotincompounds from marine samples was carried out bythe participants in the NIO laboratories under thesupervision of the NIO and ENEA experts.

Furthermore, after training the participants will becommitted to take part in the inter laboratoriesexercises envisaged within the TBT impacts QualityControl programme. A total of 25 participantsregistered for the training programme.

Most of the biodiversity data are geo-referred. Thisholds good both for terrestrial as well as marinebiodiversity. Increased use of Computer Science andInformation Technology (CSIT) has opened up newerand more accurate ways of predicting and mappingthe biodiversity. Advanced applications of CSIT inbiodiversity research require up-to-date andaccurate baseline data. One of the majorapplications of CSIT in biodiversity management isthat it could facilitate ecological niche modelingwhich in turn could reliably be used for forecastingthe distribution pattern of a species or a community.It was in this context that the Institute organized a 3day National Workshop on “Ecological NicheModeling in Biodiversity Management” from 13th to15th December 2007. This workshop was organizedunder the aegis of the Department of Biotechnology

87 86

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2

Refresher Course on Marine Geology andGeophysics

TBT training cum workshop

National Workshop on Ecological NicheModeling in Biodiversity Management

Events

72

(Ministry of Science & Technology, Govt. of India)funded by the Biotechnology Information SystemNetwork (BTIS-NET) project. About 30 participantsfrom all over India attended the workshop. Theworkshop was inaugurated by Prof. S. Kannaiyan,Chairman, National Biodiversity Authority, Chennaion 13th December and Prof. D. Deobagkar, ViceChancellor, Goa University, presided over thefunction. Eminent scientists in biodiversityinformatics, GIS and Remote sensing such as Dr. K.N. Ganeshaiah (GKVK, Bangalore) Dr. Sarnam Singh(IIRS, Dehradun), Dr. Mohammed Irfan-Ullah (RMSI,Noida) and Dr. D. Chandramohan (InternationalScientific Steering Committee, CoML) conducted theworkshop. The workshop was mainly focused on themanagement of bio-geographic data using CSITtools. The participants were exposed to the state-of-art tools and technologies in species-levelbioinformatics research. They further got anopportunity to interact with the experts from variousfields of bio-geographic research. The course of theworkshop, included lectures and hands-on-sessionsby experts in different areas of ecological nichemodeling and remote sensing.

The major features of the workshop were: Interactionwith state-of-art tools and techniques in species-levelbio-informatics; application of bio-geographic data inbio-resource management; application of remotesensing in biodiversity conservation; bio-geographicdistribution and niche mapping; hands-on-training, inGIS, ecological niche modeling and remote sensing.

The Institute hosted the 73 Anniversary GeneralMeeting from 21-23 December 2007. On 21December, the meeting began with a day longseminar on "Climate change and its implications toIndia". On the second and third day, INSA awardsand medal winning scientists and technologistsmade presentations on their work. The meetingended on 23 December 2007 with Anniversaryaddress by Dr. R.A. Mashelkar, outgoing President ofINSA.

The Institute celebrated its 42 Foundation Day on1 January 2008 by organizing a public lecture on“Today's scientific scenario and tomorrow'schallenges” by Prof. C.N.R. Rao, National ResearchProfessor and Honorary President & Linus PaulingResearch Professor, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre forAdvanced Scientific Research, Bangalore.

Prof. Rao highlighted some of the scenario of theearly 1950's. He said, it was extremely difficult toperform research those days, but yet the outcomewas outstanding. There were many individualsinterested in research and even Universities werecontributing. 50% of research contributions werepublished by the researchers from variousuniversities. The research facilities since thenimproved significantly over the years in many of ourinstitutions in India though there is still a need toinvest more on the infrastructure. Prof Rao alsoexpressed a sense of satisfaction that even with thedrawbacks in the current education system, Indiahas produced a large number of scientists andengineers who have contributed to the science andtechnology.

While addressing current scenario he said “therehave been major changes in industrial andtechnological scenarios all over the world.Globalization has made an extraordinary impact onour lifestyles. The word 'competitiveness' hasreplaced words like 'self-sufficiency' or 'self-reliance'which has altered society's approach towardsscience”.

India is facing competition not only from theadvanced countries, but also from our neighbour -China from where the research output has increasedmultifold today when compared to early years. Theimportant thing that we must learn from China isthe investment in the manpower and infrastructure.The difference can be noticed just by examining onesingle parameter of number of Ph.D’s produced.

In conclusion he highlighted again the need for moreeffort and money in higher education for betterscience in India from the Government. He alsoplaced a responsibility on the individuals – theIndian citizens, especially young generation. The

rd

nd

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42 Foundation Day Celebratednd

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73

creativity that lies with individuals is getting drainedinto the jobs of routine nature that give betterreturns. He proposed that the creative brains shouldaccept the challenges in research and shine with thecreativity rather than getting attracted to the fatsalaries but not the ones that provide mentalsatisfaction.

The National Institute of Oceanography andJawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Research,Bangalore jointly organized a program on LearningScience. Padmavibhushan Prof. C.N.R. Rao and hiswife Mrs. Indumati Rao conducted the program.Over 600 middle school children and over 60teachers from across Goa attended the programwhich was held in NIO auditorium on 2nd January.

Prof. Rao initiated the program with importance andhistory of science and emphasized that the conceptsof atom, universe, zero, etc were existing in Indiamuch earlier to the rise of those concepts in thewestern world. He told teachers how to make scienceteaching simple and enjoyable. He pointed to thepath breaking discoveries of Ramanujam and JCBose. He opined that Michael Faraday's discovery ofelectricity and many other discoveries by himrevolutionized the world, and thus Faraday deservedthe status of a greatest scientist. He touched uponseveral high impact discoveries, which have changedthe life of human beings and showed the easy way ofunderstanding them. He suggested the teachers tofollow simple methods like story telling whileteaching science to kids. He also felt that thedeclining scientific temper in India could be reversedonly through encouraging creativity in the minds ofkids. A multimedia presentation on how to learnscience was given by Mrs. Indumati Rao. A set ofbooks on learning science produced by JawaharlalNehru Centre were given to each participating schoolas compliments from Prof. Rao. Dr. VK Banakarcoordinated the program with assistance from GoaChamber of Commerce and Industries and GoaUniversity.

Training course on Biological Oceanography in theframework of Earth System Science was organized

during 14-25 Jan. 2008 by the Institute. The coursewas meant for Ph.D. students in biologicaloceanography. The main focus of this course was onplankton, especially phytoplankton, and their role inpelagic food webs and marine biogeochemical cycles.Experts came from The Alfred Wegener Institute forPolar and Marine Research (AWI), Germany, TheStazione Zoologica “A. Dohrn” (SZN), Naples, Italyand our Scientist.

The training programme was covered by series oflectures and practical analysis of: methods formeasuring nutrients (C, N, P, Si) and particulatematter (C, N, P, Si) and pigments; phytoplanktonspecies identification, assessing biomass, measuringgrowth rates; flow cytometry; culturing phyto- andprotozooplankton; methods for estimating grazingand data analysis and interpretation.

A total of 20 participants from Indian universitieswere registered for the training course.

India organized the first of its three nationalworkshops planned to commemorate the IYORduring 21-23 January 2008 at Kadamat Island, theLakshadweep. Named Stapcor08 (Status andProtection of Coral Reefs 2008), this workshopbrought together 49 participants including reefresearchers, managers, policy makers, protectionenforcement agencies, social workers and students.The three-day workshop covered six themes:evolution of the recovery of the reefs after 1998;strategies for strengthening of management actionplans; science and technology needed formanagement; capacity building; biodiversity of reefsother than corals; societal issues and alternatelivelihood options.

Prof. C.N.R. Rao taught science to theschool kids

Training course on BiologicalOceanography

International Year of the Coral reefs 2008

Events

74

Each session was a blend of contributed papers andgroup discussions leading to formulation ofrecommendations that could be implemented atnational and reef-region levels. A total of 29presentations were made besides screening of videoson current status of corals in India. In addition toformulating a series of recommendations to enhancemonitoring, management and rejuvenationsstrategies, the workshop participants also agreed toimplement projects of international relevance likebar-coding of reef organisms.

The workshop was jointly organized by the NationalInstitute of Oceanography and the Administration ofthe Union Territory of Lakshadweep in India.

The Institute organized a three-day InternationalConference on Biofouling and Ballast WaterManagement during 5-7 February at the Cardium,NIO auditorium. The conference was jointlysponsored by The Great Eastern Shipping Co.Ltd,and The Shipping Corporation of India. The mainaim of the conference was to address issues inregard to biofouling which has economicimplications to maritime industries and also hasreference in ship mediated bioinvasion, introductionof harmful aquatic organisms to new environmentsvia ballast water in ships which has also beenidentified as one of the four major greatest threats tohealth of the oceans.

The conference was marked by the presence of Mr.Efthimios E. Mitropoulos, Sceretarty-General,International Maritime Organization. London, Mrs.Kiran Dhingra, IAS, Director General of Shipping,Govt. of India, Mr. Ajoy Chatterjee, Chief Surveyorand Additional Director General of Shipping.

The conference was attended by over 350 scientificpersonnel's from India and abroad. Several lectureswere presented on the themes biofilms &bioadhension; biofouling community; larval biology;antifouling technology; marine bioinvasion; ballastwater management/treatment technology. About 90posters were presented by scientists and researchscholars.

On 24 March A day long National Workshop onPerspectives on Ocean Science, Engineering andTechnology in India was jointly organized by theOcean Society of India and NIO. The objective of themeeting was to discuss new research and technologythat is emerging in the fields of ocean science andengineering. Scientists/engineers presented talks onvarious topics related to ocean science andengineering. In total there were eight speakers.

Dr. V. Chander, ex director, Naval PhysicalOceanography, Kochi gave the presidential address.Dr, Shetye, Director NIO was the chief guest.

SAARC Workshop on Coastal and Marine RiskMitigation Plan for South Asia was organized bySAARC Disaster Management Centre, New Delhi incollaboration with National Institute ofOceanography, Goa during 27-28 March 2008 atBambolim Beach Resort, Goa. Dr.S.R.Shetye was thechief guest of the event and delivered inauguraladdress. Dr.P. Vethamony was the local convener ofthis workshop. The workshop was organized todevelop a regional plan for coastal and marine riskmitigation. It was attended by 11 SAARC countryparticipants, 12 outstation participants and 22 NIOparticipants. There were lectures on various issueslike oil spills, harmful algal blooms, tsunami, stormsurges, pollution, bio-invasion, erosion, etc. Allcountries shared their expertise and experiences toform a regional coastal and marine risk mitigationplan. Risk mitigation and management template wasprepared after many rounds of discussions by theparticipating countries and it will be finalized aftergetting the proper approval from their governments.

th

International Conference on Biofouling andBallast Water Management

Ocean society of India

SAARC Workshop on Coastal and MarineRisk Mitigation Plan for South Asia

Events

75

Lectures by NIO's 2nd Adjunct Scientist:Prof. Julian P. McCreary

Exhibitions

Extra-mural human resource development

Prof. Julian P. McCreary, Director, InternationalPacific Research Centre (IPRC), School of Ocean andEarth Science and Technology (SOEST), University ofHawaii, Honolulu, USA, was NIO's 2nd AdjunctScientist. Known widely in the oceanographiccommunity as “Jay”, he was the first to provide acomprehensive model for dynamics of wind-drivencirculation in the north Indian Ocean, which wasabout a decade and a half ago. Before that, aboutthree decades ago, he was amongst the first toidentify dynamics of the El Nino phenomenon.

Prof. McCreary visited NIO for two weeks duringearly September 2007. His lectures focused mainlyon the dynamics of north Indian Ocean. One of histopics of recent research is modeling of essentialelements of biology of the north Indian Ocean.

Dynamics of Indian Ocean circulation

Dynamics of Indian-Ocean Shallow overturningcirculations

Interactions between the Indonesian through flowand circulations in the Indian and Pacific Oceans

Modeling biological activity in the Arabian Sea

The institute participated in the following

exhibitions:

Health Exhibition at Shri KamaxideviHomeopathic Medical College & Hospital,Shiroda, Goa, 7-9 September, 2007

Science Expo-2007 at Nehru Science Centre,Mumbai, 11-15 January, 2008

Science Fiesta-2008 at Goa Science Centre,Miramar, 26-28 February, 2008

14-25 May

Fundamentals of Oceanography course for thevisiting summer trainees - 25 PG level/Engineering students

24 May to 16 July

Practice School –I Programme for BITS, Pilani - 6students

1 June -

Internship Programme for foreign students - 9French students

12-15 June

Faculty Training and Motivation programme ofCSIR - 10 science teachers from various schoolsof Goa

7-8 August

Education linkage programme -150 undergraduate students of St Xaviers College, Mapusa

4 September

Visit of Indian Diaspora Youth, organizedlectures, etc for the visiting students

29-30 October

CSIR Programme on Youth for Leadership inScience (CPYLS)-2007 - 51 invited top rankingSSC students and few teachers/parents

5-7 December

International Training program onEnvironmental Audit for International Centre forInformation Systems & Audit Controller &General of India

8 Feb–31 March

An ongoing programme where students (startingfrom Class IX to PG/M Tech level) were givenplacement at NIO to do their project work/dissertation/ training

19– 21 February

A 3 days program including lectures wasorganized for Feral-Juniata students from theUnited States

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�

�

�

�

�

�

30 September

Events

76

Organization Area Duration NIO Coordinator

Department of Science and Installation and maintenance 10.04.2007 P.M. MuraleedharanTechnology, New Delhi of radiosonde and upper-air 09.04.2012

data collection

Post Graduate Centre Short course for PG students, 27.04.2007 - Dattesh Desaiof Marine Biology, dissertation work, Ph D. 26.04.2012Karnatak University Karwar registration and research

assignments

Acharya Institute of Marine biology 01.10.2007 - T.G. JagtapTechnology, Bangalore [biotechnological aspects] 30.09.2012

Barkatullah University, Limnology, fisheries, applied 01.10.2007 - S. Prasanna KumarBhopal geology, physics, 30.09.2012

biotechnology

Goa University, Marine biotechnology, 23.10.2007 - N. RamaiahTaleigao Plateau nanotechnology, drug 22.10.2012

discovery, marine biodiversity,ecosystem functional analyses,aquatic pollution, eco-restoration, bioaugmentation,modeling studies, climatechange, marine archaeology &maritime history

Alfred Wegener Biogeochemistry and 31.10.2007 - S.W.A NaqviInstitute for Polar and ecosystems, Southern 30.10.2012Marine Research, Ocean circulation relevantBremerhaven, to large-scale fertilization,Germany mapping and geodesy,

Tsunami sensors andModeling and Palaeo-graphy

Leibniz Institute of Marine gas hydrate science, 16.11.2007 - Head, ISTAGMarine Sciences, marine substances research, 15.11.2012[IFMGEOMAR] marine aquacultureKiel, Germany

Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Isolation and identification of 18.1.2008 P.S. ParameswaranCompany Limited, Jalna anti-viral compounds from 17.1.2011

marine organisms to study themode of action and efficacyagainst plant viruses

Government College of Research, consultancy, 19.1.2008 Lisette D'SouzaArts, Science and Commerce, education and training 18.1.2018Quepem

Maharashtra Hybrid Isolation and identification of 18.01.2008 P.S. ParameswaranLimited, Jalna anti-viral compounds from 17.01.2011

marine organisms to studythe mode of action andefficacy against plant viruses

Hellenic Centre for Developement of ocean stateMarine Research, forecast system; MathematicalAthens, Greece modeling for forecasts of ocean

systems; river hydrology; CZ mgt;Gas hydrates; instrumentation fordeep, shallow water platformsand data telemetry systems;Ecosystem dynamics, saltmarshes, nitrogen, carbon cyclingand population dynamics;Sustainable coastal aquaculture

17.03.2008 Head, ISTAG16.03.2013

MOUs

Events

77

Samaikya Bharath GauravSatkar

National Mineral Award

Dr. Unnikrishnan of NIOand Nobel Prize

During the 27th

Mega Festival

'Samaikya

Bharath Gaurav

Satkar 2007' held

on 29 April 2007

at the Music

Academy auditorium, Chennai. Dr.

KSR Murty, Scientist-in-Charge,

NIO RC Visakhapatnam, received

Samaikya Bharath Gaurav Satkar

2007. More than 50 eminent

personalities and 12 child

prodigies were also awarded. The

Award was handed over by H.E.

The Governor of Maharastra Shri.

S.M.Krishna.

Dr. BishwajitChakraborty wasthe recipient ofthe “NationalMineral Award -2006" for hissignificantcontributions inthe field of earth sciences andrelated fields under the NationalMineral Award Scheme of theMinistry of Mines, Government ofIndia. The award was presentedduring a special function held inNew Delhi. Dr. Chakraborty hasover twenty-four years of researchexperience in UnderwaterAcoustics, Acoustic SignalProcessing, Artificial NeuralNetwork related to seafloorclassification and MultibeamSonar.

Dr. A.SUnnikrishnan,was one of thelead authors andhis efforts inmaking thedocuments hasbrought therecognition to IntergovernmentalPanel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Dr. Unnikrishnan worked (2004-2006) as a Lead Author for theWorking Group I for thepreparation of the FourthAssessment Report to prepare theChapter 5* on "Observations:Ocean Climate Change and SeaLevel". Chapter 5 contains changesin sea level, recognizing the stronginterconnections between thechanges in sea level and oceanheat content. Data from tide-gauges, satellites and in-situobservations of temperature andsalinity form the focus to assessthe long term changes in sea leveland ocean heat contentrespectively.

Dr. Unnikrishnan along with otherLead Authors jointly worked toprepare this Chapter. In particular,he worked on the assessment ofchanges in Extreme Sea level.

Dr. M. Dileep has

been elected as a

fellow of the

National Academy

of Sciences, India

- the oldest

Science Academy

of the country (founded in 1930).

His work was recognized earlier by

the other two academies - Indian

Academy of Sciences, Bangalore

(1999) and the Indian National

Science Academy (2005) thereby

Dr. Dileep kumar becoming

honored by all the three national

science academies of the country.

Dr. Dileep Kumar is a Nodal officerfor a supra-institutional project"Science for development of aforecasting system for the watersaround India". He has 65publications in several prestigiousjournals and conferenceproceedings.

Dr. Dileep Kumar - electedto National Academy ofSciences, India

Fellow of MaharashtraAcademy Science

Project grant Awarded

Dr. Ramaiah becomes ISMEAmbassador

Dr. Baban Ingole,has been electedas a Fellow ofMaharashtraAcademy ofSciences for hissignificantcontribution inthe field of Life Sciences. He wasawarded this fellowship at theAcademy's Annual General Bodymeeting held at Pune.

Dr. (Ms) A.Parvathi, wasawarded grant forher projectentitled "Study ofthe prevalence ofhuman entericbacterial and viral pathogens inPeriyar and Cochin backwaters"under Department of Science andTechnology -Fast Track Proposalfor young scientists.

Dr. N. Ramaiah,received aninvitation fromthe InternationalSociety forMicrobial Ecology(ISME) askinghim to serve onthe Board of InternationalAmbassadors of ISME from India.In recent past, the ISME hasbecome an increasingly importantforum for promoting MicrobialEcology and EnvironmentalMicrobiology.

Dr. Ramaiah would promote andencourage participation in theISME symposia, promoting newjournal, initiate regional workshopson specific topics in microbialecology and environmentalmicrobiology, and to convey theimportance of disciplines to thegeneral public within the country.

Dr. Ramaiah has 67 publicationsin several journals of prestige and

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONSAWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

78

conference proceedings and he iscurrently engaged inbioprospecting and biotechnologystudies of marine microorganisms.

Dr. A.S. Unnikrishnan wasawarded the first prize for hisoutstanding presentation in theNational Scientific Hindi Seminaron GLOBAL WARMING organisedby the Ministry of Earth Sciences,Govt. of India, New Delhi, held on12 November 2007.

Dr. A.S. Unnikrishnan has beenincluded as a member of the recentlyformed International Association forthe Physical Sciences of Ocean(IAPSO) Commission on 'Tides andMean Sea Level'. The formation ofthis Commission was approved bythe General Business Meeting of theIAPSO during the recentInternational Union of Geodesy andGeophysics (IUGG) meeting atPerugia, Italy.

IAPSO promotes the study of thephysical sciences of the oceans andthe interactions taking place at thesea floor, coastal, and atmosphericboundaries by organisinginternational forums and publishingwritten materials for ocean scientiststhroughout the world. Commissions,sub-committees, and workshopsencourage new and advanced

Dr. A.S. Unnikrishnanawarded first prize

Dr. Unnikrishnan on IAPSOCommission

international research activities. Inaddition, IAPSO provides basicservices such as the PermanentService for Mean Sea Level and theIAPSO Standard Seawater Service.IAPSO collaborates closely withUNESCO's IntergovernmentalOceanographic Commission (IOC)and ICSU's Scientific Committee onOceanic Research (SCOR).

Dr. Unnikrishnan has been workingon tides along the Indian coast sinceseveral years and has over 58 papersin national and international journalsand monographs.

Dr. C.T.Achuthankuttyhas beennominated on anexpert committeeconstituted bythe NationalBiodiversityAuthority to evaluate the access,patent, transfer of research resultsand materials transferapplications. In a 13 membercommittee Dr. Achuthankutty isthe only expert in the field ofmarine sciences/biologicaloceanography. This committee hasbeen empowered to examine andrecommend all the applicationssubmitted to NBA concerning theuse of any biological resources ortheir derivatives for commercialuse, patenting, transfer of researchresults and material transferapplications.

Dr. Achuthankutty on NBA'scommittee

Dr. Nigam'sbook awarded

Dr. Ingole invited on theGBIF's Task Group onObservational Data

Ministry of EarthSciences awardedthe first prize toDr. Rajiv Nigam'sHindi book titled'Hamari Arthik Samrudhi ki Adhar- Monsoon'. The book was writtenby Dr. Nigam and Shri SayamSundar Sharma (former editor ofVigyan Pragati). He was presentedthe prize at a special function atNew Delhi.

Global Biodiversity InformationFacility (GBIF) is to facilitate freeand open access to biodiversitydata worldwide via the Internet tounderpin sustainable development.Currently, GBIF facilitates accessto 141 million primary biodiversitydata records, includingobservational data. GBIF hasrecently formed a "Task Group onObservational Data" to achievetargets.

Dr. Baban Ingole, has been invitedto be a member of this task groupconsidering his expertise/experience in the area ofobservational data management,and data exchange/ sharingstandards/ protocols.


79

NIO Scientists granted fellowships

Name of the Scientist Scholarship / Fellowship Objective

Dr. Sila Tripati Nehru Trust UK visiting To study the monsoons and the maritime trade ofIndia from an archaeological perspective

Shri R. Madhan POGO_SCOR Fellowship Mechanical design and power & propulsion onvertical profilers that are operated at a depth of200m

Shri Pramod Kumar Doctoral studies at the Institute of System Robotics(ISR) - an organ of Instituto Superior Tecnico,Lisbon, Portugal

Shri S. Jaya Kumar University of Doctoral studies on "Effect of tsunami inducedsubmarine landslides on submarine pipelines"

Fellowship

Maurya

Queensland ResearchScholarship

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

PATENTS & PUBLICATIONS


80

NIO Scientists on editorial boards of national and international Journals

Name of Scientist Role Name of the Journal

Dr. Anupam Sarkar Editor Ecotoxicology and The Open Hydrology Journal

Dr. M.V.M. Wafar Editor Journal of Environmental Science and Technology

Dr. R. Alagarsamy Associate Editor Environmental Chemistry Letters

Dr. S.W.A. Naqvi Editor Aquatic Biology

Dr. A.C Anil Editor Marine Ecology - Progress Series

Dr. T.V. Ramana Murthy Editor International Journal of Fluid Mechanics

Dr. S. Mandal Editor The Open Ocean Engineering Journal and Journal of Oceanand Ship Technology

Dr. S. Prasanna Kumar Editor Indian Journal of Marine Sciences

Dr. P.K. Dinesh Kumar Editor Journal of Coastal Research

PATENTS & PUBLICATIONSPATENTS & PUBLICATIONS

81

Patents granted

Abroad

India

Composition for treating white spotsyndrome virus (WSSV) infected tigershrimp and aprocess for preparation thereof -Desai, U.M., Achuthankutty, C.T.,Sreepada, R.A. (PH No. 1-2002-000098 dt. 3.4.2007)

A natural nontoxic fluorescent proteindye from a marine invertebrate,compositions containing the said dyeand its uses - Goswami, U.,Ganguly, A. (PH No. 1-2004-501494dt. 23.7.2007)

A natural nonpolar fluorescent dyefrom a non-bioluminescent marineinvertebrate, compositionscontaining the said dye and its uses- Goswami, U., Ganguly, A. (EP No.1487924 dt. 8.8.2007)

A system for classifying sea floorroughness using an hybrid layout -Chakraborty, B., Kodagali, V.,Baracho, J., Joseph, A. (AU No.2002246296 dt. 20.9.2007)

Computer based method for finding theeffect of an element in a domain ofN-dimensional function with aprovision for N+1 dimensions -Lakshminarayana, Sadasivuni (USNo. 7328136 dt. 25.2.2008)

Method and composition for treatingosteoporosis - Rao, Kanury VenkataSubba, Wani, MohanRamachandran, Manivel,Venkatasamy, Subrayan,Parameswaran, Perunninakulath,Singh, Vinod Kumar, Anand,Ramasamy Vijaya, Desa, Ehrlich,Mishra, Gyan Chandra, Chatterji,Anil (US No. 7335686 dt. 26.2.2008)

Process for the isolation ofpharmaceutical compoundcyclosporin a from fungus Fusariumnivale -Bhosale, Siddarth (Goa, IN),Naik, Chandrakant Govind (Goa, IN),Parameswaran, PerunnikulathSubrayan (Goa, IN) (US No. 7335495dt. 26.2.2008)

Plant mangrove-associated fungusand a simple and

efficient method of obtaining highyield of pure mannitol from the same- Devi, Prabha , Naik, ChandrakantGovind, Wahidulla, Solimabi,D'Souza, Lisette, Rodrigues, Ely,Peketi, Asha (US 7341855 dt.11.3.2008)

A process for the preparation of anantifouling extract from a femalehorseshoe crab - Agra ChadrashekarAnil, J.S. Patil, Perunninakulath,Subrayan Parameshwaran, P.V.Krishnamurthy, Anil Chatterjee,C.G. Naik, Narsinh LaxminarayanThakur, D.V. Desai, Lidita DilipSinai Khadeparker, Smita ShridharMitbavkar, Vijaya Namdev Raiker,V.R. Premsing (No. 208857dt.13.8.2007)

An extract from the Indian greenmussel ( ) inhibitsosteoclast formation and bone

Penaeus monodon

Curvularia lunata

Perma viridis

resorption - Wani M.R., Parab P.B.,Chatterji, A. (No. 211351 dt.26.10.2007)

A process for removal of tar ballpollutants using thraustochytridfungi - Seshagiri Raghukumar,Dorairajsingham Chandramohan,Vipparty Vani, Jason JeychandranDavid (No. 214514 dt. 12.2.2008)

A process for removal of crude oilpollutants using cyanobacteria -Chandralata Raghukumar, VaniVipparty, Jason Jeychandran David,Dorairajsingham Chandramohan(No. 214847 dt. 18.2.2008)

A process for the preparation ofadhesive polysaccharide - NarayanBaburao Bhosle, Asha Giriyan (No.215482 dt. 27.2.2008)

A process for removal of PAHs in PAH-containing waste waters and soil -Raghukumar, C. Shailaja, M.S.,Kamat, S. (No. 215594 dt.27.2.2008)

An improved hydraulic coupling devicefor use with in water pressure basedsystems - Elgar Desa, AntonyJoseph, Dennis Rodrigues,Vishwamber Chodankar, SuryakantTengali (No. 215625 dt. 28.2.2008)

An augmented error correcting anacoustic sea level recorder - EhrlichDesa, Antony Joseph, Elgar Desa(No. 215757 dt. 3.3.2008)

A device useful for safe deployment andretrieval of micro fouling andcorrosion samples in deep marinewaters - Subhash Shivam Sawant,Gajanan Purushottam Naik,Pillarisetty Venkat Krishnamurthy,Aravagiri Panneer Selvam (No.215880 dt. 5.3.2008)

An improved stilling well device usefulfor enabling error free sea levelmeasurements - A. Joseph, ElgarDesa, Vijaykumar, V.B. Peshwe (No.216135 dt. 10.3.2008)

A self correcting pressure based sealevel gauge useful in clear and turbidwaters - Antony Joseph, ElgarDesa, Vijay Kumar, Vani Peshwe,Ehrlich Desa (No. 216248 dt.11.3.2008)

Ajay, K.K., Chaubey, A.K. Depthanomalies in the Arabian Basin, NWIndian Ocean. 28(1),2008:15-22.

Al Saafani, M.A., Shenoi, S.S.C. Watermasses in the Gulf of Aden.

., 63(1), 2007:1-14.

Al Saafani, M.A., Shenoi, S.S.C.,Shankar, D., Aparna M., Kurian, J.,Durand, F., Vinayachandran, P.N.Westward movement of eddies intothe Gulf of Aden from the ArabianSea. .,112(11), 2007:doi:10.1029/2006JC004020, 12 pp. Paper No.C11004.

Anil, A.C., Mitbavkar, S., DeSilva, M.S.,Hegde, S., DeCosta, P.M., Meher,S.S., Banerjee, D. Effect of ageing on

Geo-Mar. Lett.,

J.Oceanogr

J. Geophys. Res. (C: Oceans)

Publications

Papers in SCI Journals

survival of benthic diatompropagules. ,343(1), 2007:37-43.

Anu, G., Kumar, N.C., Jayalakshmy,K.V., Nair, S.M. Monitoring of heavymetal partitioning in reef corals ofLakshadweep Archipelago, IndianOcean. ,128(1-3), 2007:195-208.

Aravind, N.P., Sheeba, P., Nair, K.K.C.,Achuthankutty, C.T. Life history andpopulation dynamics of an estuarineamphipod,Chilton (Gammaridae).

, 74(1), 2007:87-95.

Balachandran, K.K., Jayalakshmy,K.V., Laluraj, C.M., Nair, M., Joseph,T., Sheeba, P. Step-up multipleregression model to computeChlorophyll in the coastal watersoff Cochin, southwest coast of India.

., 139(1-3),2008:217-226.

Banakar, V.K., Hein, J.R., Rajani, R.P.,Chodankar, A.R. Platinum groupelements and gold inferromanganese crusts fromAfanasiy-Nikitin seamount,equatorial Indian Ocean: sourcesand fractionation. ,116(1), 2007:3-13.

Banakar, V.K., Oba, T., Chodankar,A.R., Kuramoto, T., Yamamoto, M.,Minagawa, M. Reply to the commenton monsoon related changes in seasurface productivity and watercolumn denitrification in the EasternArabian Sea during the last glacialcycle. 238(1-4),2007:117-119. Comments by R.Ramesh and M. Tiwari are publishedin , 238(1-4), 2007:115-116.

Beyer, A., Chakraborty, B., Schenke,H.W. Seafloor classification of themound and channel provinces of thePorcupine Seabight: an applicationof the multibeam angularbackscatter data.

, 96(1), 2007:11-20.

Bhadra, B., Raghukumar, C., Pindi,P.K., Shivaji, S.

sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment of the Chagos Trench,Indian Ocean.

58(1), 2008:57-60.

Bhat, S.R. Taxonomy of marine micro-algae - an addendum. ,93(5), 2007:597-598.

Buesseler, K.O., Doney, S.C., Karl,D.M., Boyd, P.W., Caldeira, K., Chai,F., Coale, K.H., De Baar, H.J.W.,Falkowski, P.G., Johnson, K.S.,Lampitt, R.S., Michaels, A.F., Naqvi,S.W.A., Smetacek, V., Takeda, S.,Watson, A.J. Ocean iron fertilization- moving forward in a sea ofuncertainty. , 319(5860),2008:162.

Chakraborty, B., Mahale, V., Navelkar,G.S., Rao, B.R., Desai, R.G.P.,Ingole, B., Janakiraman, G.Acoustic characterization of seafloorhabitats on the western continentalshelf of India. ,64(3), 2007: 551-558.

Chakraborty, B., Mahale, V.,

J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.

Environ. Monit. Assess.

Eriopisa chilkensisEstuar.

Coast. Shelf Sci.

a

Environ. Monit. Assess

J. Earth Syst. Sci.

Mar. Geol.,

Mar. Geol.

Int. J. Earth Sci.(Geol. Rundsch)

Brevibacteriumoceani

Int. J. Systemat.Evolut. Microbiol.,

Curr. Sci.

Science

ICES J. Mar. Sci.


82

Shashikumar, K., Srinivas, K.Quantitative characteristics of theIndian Ocean seafloor relief usingfractal dimension. ,36(2), 2007:152-161.

Chauhan, O.S., Menezes, A.A.A.,Jayakumar, S., Malik, M.A.,Pradhan, Y., Rajawat, A.S., Nayak,S.R., Bandekar, G., Almeida, C.,Talaulikar, M., Ramanamurty, M.V.,Subramanian, B.R. Influence of themacrotidal environment on thesource to sink pathways ofsuspended flux in the Gulf ofKachchh, India: evidence from theOcean Colour Monitor (IRS-P4).

., 28(15), 2007:3323-3339.

Chavan, V.S., Achuthankutty, C.T.,Nazar, A.K.A. Port Blair declarationpledged to establish and developAndaman and Nicobar OceanBiogeographic Information System -Meeting report. , 92(7),2007:879-880.

Das, P., Iyer, S.D., Kodagali, V.N.Morphological characteristics andemplacement mechanism of theseamounts in the Central IndianOcean Basin. , 443(1-2), 2007:1-18.

De, J., Ramaiah, N. Characterization ofmarine bacteria highly resistant tomercury exhibiting multipleresistances to toxic chemicals.

, 7(3), 2007:511-520.

DeBoyer Montegut, C., Vialard, J.,Shenoi, S.S.C., Shankar, D.,Durand, F., Ethe, C., Madec, G.Simulated seasonal and interannualvariability of the mixed layer heatbudget in the northern Indian Ocean

, 20(13), 2007:3249-3268.

DeCosta, P.M., Anil, A.C., Patil, J.S.,Hegde, S., DeSilva, M.S., Chourasia,M. Dinoflagellates in a mesotrophictropical environment influenced bymonsoon. ,77(1), 2008:77-90.

Desa, E.S., Maurya, P., Pereira, A.,Pascoal, A.M., Desai, R.G.P.,Mascarenhas, A.A.M.Q., Desa, E.,Madhan, R., Matondkar, S.G.P.,Navelkar, G.S., Prabhudesai, S.,Afzulpurkar, S. A small autonomoussurface vehicle for ocean colorremote sensing. ,32(2), 2007:353-364.

DeSouza, M.J.B.D., LokaBharathi, P.A.,Nair, S., Chandramohan, D. 'Trade-off' in Antarctic bacteria: limneticpsychrotrophs concede multipleenzyme expressions for multiplemetal resistance. ., 20(6),2007:821-828.

Dewangan, P., Ramprasad, T. Velocityand AVO analysis for theinvestigation of gas hydrate along aprofile in the western continentalmargin. 28(3),2007:201-211.

Dewangan, P., Ramprasad, T., Ramana,M.V. Finite difference modeling ofscattered hydrates and itsimplications in gas-hydrateexploration. , 93(9),2007:1287-1290.

Dewangan, P., Ramprasad, T., Ramana,M.V., Desa, M., Shailaja, B.Automatic interpretation of magneticdata using Euler deconvolution withnonlinear background.

, 164(11), 2007:2359-2372.

Indian J. Mar. Sci.

Int.J. Remote Sens

Curr. Sci.

Tectonophysics

Ecol.Indicators.

J. Climate.

Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.

IEEE J. Ocean. Eng.

Biometals

Mar. Geophys. Res.,

Curr. Sci.

Pure Appl.Geophys.

DileepKumar, M. Vocabulary related toearth sciences through etymology.

, 92(5), 2007:p. 574.

DineshKumar, P.K., Gopinath, G.,Laluraj, C.M., Seralathan, P., Mitra,D. Change detection studies of SagarIsland, India, using Indian RemoteSensing Satellite 1C linear imagingself-scan sensor III data.

, 23(6), 2007:1498-1502.

DineshKumar, P.K., Gopinath, G.,Seralathan, P. Application of remotesensing and GIS for the demarcationof groundwater potential zones of ariver basin in Kerala, southwestcoast of India. ,28(24), 2007:5583-5601.

DineshKumar, P.K., Srinivas, K.Variability in measured currentstructure on the southwestcontinental shelf of India.

, 23(3), 2007:647-57.

Durand, F., Shankar, D., DeBoyerMontegut, C., Shenoi, S.S.C.,Blanke, B., Madec, G. Modeling thebarrier-layer formation in thesoutheastern Arabian Sea.

, 20(10), 2007:2109-2120.

Farooqui, A., Gaur, A.S. Arcellaceansand pollen/spores of a lateHarappan settlement nearPorbandar, west coast of India:implications for palaeoecology andenvironmental monitoring. ,92(7), 2007: 992-998.

Fernandes, L., DeSouza, F., Bhosle,N.B. Carbohydrates in sizefractionated dissolved organic matterin a station of the Bay of Bengal.

, 36(3), 2007:193-198.

Fernandes, V., Ramaiah, N., Paul, J.T.,Sardessai, S., JyotiBabu, R., Gauns,M. Strong variability inbacterioplankton abundance andproduction in central and westernBay of Bengal. , 153(5),2008:975-985.

Gaur, A.S., Vora, K.H., Sundaresh.Shoreline changes during the last2000 years on the Saurashtra coastof India: study based onarchaeological evidences. ,92(1), 2007:103-110.

Gaur, A.S., Sundaresh. Evidence ofshoreline shift on the northernSaurashtra coast: study based onthe submerged temple complex atPindara. , 92(6), 2007:733-735.

Gaur, A.S., Vora, K.H. Ancienttechnology of jetties and anchoringpoints along the west coast of India.

, 93(7), 2007:987-991.

Govil, P., Naidu, P.D. Late Quaternarychanges in depositional processesalong the western margin of theIndus Fan. , 28,2008:1-6

Gowda, N.M., Goswami, U., Khan, M.I.Purification and characterization of aT-antigen specific lectin from thecoelomic fluid of a marineinvertebrate; sea cucumber(

, 24(4), 2008:450-458.

Gupta, G.V.M., Sarma, V.V.S.S., Robin,R.S., Raman, A.V., JaiKumar, M.,Rakesh, M., Subramanian, B.R.Influence of net ecosystemmetabolism in transferring riverineorganic carbon to atmospheric COin a tropical coastal lagoon (Chilka

Curr. Sci.

J. Coast.Res.

Int. J. Remote Sens.

J. Coast.Res.

J.Climate.

Curr. Sci.

Indian J. Mar. Sci.

Mar. Biol.

Curr. Sci.

Curr. Sci.

Curr. Sci.

Geo Marine Letters

Holothuria scabra). Fish ShellfishImmunol.

2

Lake, India). , 87(3),2008:265-285.

Guptha, M.V.S., Banerjee, R.,Mergulhao, L.P., Banerjee, P.,Parthiban, G., Tewari, M. EarlyPliocene paleoceanography of theVityaz Fracture Zone (VFZ), CentralIndian Ridge. , 81(4),2007:614-621.

Hegde, S., Anil, A.C., Patil, J.S.,Mitbavkar, S., Krishnamurthy, V.,Gopalakrishna, V.V. Influence ofenvironmental settings on theprevalence of spp. inthe Bay of Bengal.

, 356, 2008:93-101.

Iqbal, A.N.M.Z., Khan, M.S., Goswami,U. Cytogenetic studies in greenmussel,(Mytiloida:Pteriomorphia), from WestCoast of India. ,153(5),2008:987-993.

Iyer, S.D., Mascarenhas-Pereira,M.B.L., Nath, B.N. Nativealuminium (spherules and particles)in the Central Indian Basinsediments: implications on theoccurrence of hydrothermal events.

, 240(1-4), 2007:177-184.

Iyer, S.D., Sudhakar, M., Das, P.Composition and genesis of zeoliticclaystones from the Central IndianOcean Basin. Acta Geol. Sin., 81(5),2007:756-770.

Jagtap, T.G., Nagle, V.L. Response andadaptability of mangrove habitatsfrom the Indian subcontinent tochanging climate. , 36(4),2007:328-334.

Jain, A., Nishad, K.K., Bhosle, N.B.Effects of DNP on the cell surfaceproperties of marine bacteria and itsimplication for adhesion to surfaces.

, 23(3-4), 2007:171-177.

Jain, R., Raghukumar, S., Sambaiah,K., Kumon, Y., Nakahara, T.Docosahexaenoic acid accumulationinfhraustochytrids: search for therationale. , 151(5),2007:1657-1664.

Jayaraj, K.A., Jayalakshmy, K.V.,Saraladevi, K. Influence ofenvironmental properties onmacrobenthos in the northwestIndian shelf. ,127(1-3), 2007:459-475.

Jyothibabu, R., Devi, C.R.A., Madhu,N.V., Sabu, P., Jayalakshmy, K.V.,Jacob, J., Habeebrehman, H.,Prabhakaran, M.P.,Balasubramanian, T., Nair, K.K.C.The response of microzooplankton(20-00 m) to coastal upwelling andsummer stratification in thesoutheastern Arabian Sea.

, 28(4-5), 2008: 653-671.

Jyothibabu, R., Madhu, N.V.,Maheswaran, P.A., Jayalakshmy,K.V., Nair, K.K.C., Achuthankutty,C.T. Seasonal variation ofmicrozooplankton (20-200 m) andits possible implications on thevertical carbon flux in the westernBay of Bengal. ,28(6), 2008:737-755.

KameshRaju, K.A., Murty, G.P.S.,Amarnath, D., MohanKumar, M.L.The west Andaman fault and itsinfluence on the aftershock patternof the recent megathrustearthquakes in the Andaman-Sumatra region. ,34(3), 2007:doi:10.1029/

Biogeochemistry

Acta Geol. Sin.

TrichodesmiumMar. Ecol. Prog.

Ser.

Perna viridis

Mar. Biol.

Mar. Geol.

Ambio

Biofouling.

Mar. Biol.

Environ. Monit. Assess.

Cont.Shelf Res.

Cont. Shelf Res.

Geophys. Res. Lett.

�

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83

2006GL028730; 5pp. Paper No.L03305.

Kerkar, S., LokaBharathi, P.A.Stimulation of sulfate-reducingactivity at salt-saturation in thesalterns of Ribandar, Goa, India.

, 24(2), 2007:101-110.

Kessarkar, P.M., Rao, V.P. Organiccarbon in sediments of thesouthwestern margin of India:influence of productivity andmonsoon variability during the LateQuaternary. ,69(1), 2007:42-52.

Khandeparker, L., Anil, A.C.Underwater adhesion: the barnacleway. ,27(2), 2007:165-172.

Khandeparker, R., Bhosle, N.B.Application of thermoalkalophilicxylanase from sp.MTCC 5214 in biobleaching of kraftpulp. , 98(4),2007:897-903.

Khodse, V.B., Fernandes, L., Bhosle,N.B., Sardessai, S. Carbohydrates,uronic acids and alkali extractablecarbohydrates in contrasting marineand estuarine sediments:distribution, size fractionation andpartial chemical characterization.

, 39(3),2008:265-283.

Khodse, V.B., Fernandes, L.,Gopalakrishna, V.V., Bhosle, N.B.,Fernandes, V., Matondkar, S.G.P.,Bhushan, R. Distribution andseasonal variation of concentrationsof particulate carbohydrates anduronic acids in the northern IndianOcean. , 103(3-4),2007:327-346.

Kolwalkar, J.P., Sawant, S.S.,Dhargalkar, V.K. Fate of

(Wulfen) J.Agardh and its spores in darkness:implications for ballast watermanagement. , 86(1),2007:86-88.

Krishnan, K.P., Fernandes, S.O.,Chandan, G.S., LokaBharathi, P.A.Bacterial contribution to mitigationof iron and manganese in mangrovesediments. , 54(9),2007:1427-1433.

Krishnan, K.P., Fernandes, S.O.,LokaBharathi, P.A., KrishnaKumari,L., Nair, S., Pratihary, A.K., Rao,B.R. Anoxia over the westerncontinental shelf of India: bacterialindications of intrinsic nitrificationfeeding denitrification. .Res., 65(5), 2008:445-455.

Kumar, V. Santhosh, Ramesh Babu, V.,Babu, M.T., Dhinakaran, G.,Rajamanickam, G.V. Assessment ofstrom surge disaster potential for theAndaman Islands. ,24(2B): 171-177.

Kunte, P.D. Sediment concentrationand bed form structures of Gulf ofCambay from remote sensing.

, 29(8), 2008:2169-2182.

Kurian, S., Nath, B.N., Ramaswamy, V.,Naman, D., Rao, T.G., KameshRaju,K.A. Selvaraj, K., Chen, C.T.A.Possible detrital, diagenetic andhydrothermal sources for Holocenesediments of the Andaman backarcbasin. 247(3-4) 2008:178-193.

Geomicrobiol. J.

J. Geol. Soc. India.

Int. J. Adhesion Adhesives.

Arthrobacter

Bioresour. Technol.

Org. Geochem.

Mar. Chem.

Enteromorpha flexuosa

Aquat. Bot.

Mar. Pollut. Bull.

Mar. Environ

J. Coast. Res.

Int. J.Remote Sens.

Mar. Geol.

Kurian, S., Shenoy, D.M., Gauns, M.,Roy, R., Narvenkar, G., Pratihary,A.K., Paul, J.T. Water columncharacteristics following theSeptember 2004 stench event offsouthern Malabar coast.

, 36(3), 2007:199-205.

Lakshminarayana, S. Quality searchcontent: a reality with nextgeneration browsers.

, 58(8), 2007:1223.

Laluraj, C.M., Gopinath, G.,DineshKumar, P.K., Balachandran,K.K. Hydrodynamic and geomorphiccontrols on the morphology of anisland ecosystem in the VembanadLake, West Coast of India.

, 24(SI 2), 2008:145-150.

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Sardessai, S., Ramaiah, N.,PrasannaKumar, S., DeSousa, S.N.Influence of environmental forcingson the seasonality of dissolvedoxygen and nutrients in the Bay ofBengal. , 65(2), 2007:301-316.

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Satheesan, K., Sarkar, A., Parekh, A.,RameshKumar, M.R., Kuroda, Y.Comparison of wind data fromQuikSCAT and buoys in the IndianOcean. , 28(10),2007:2375-2382.

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Subrahmanyam, C., Gireesh, R.,Shyam Chand, Kamesh Raju, K.A.,GopalaRao, D. Geophysicalcharacteristics of the NinetyeastRidge-Andaman Island arc/trenchconvergent zone.

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Subrahmanyam, V., Krishna, K.S.,Ramana, M.V., Murthy, K.S.R.Marine geophysical investigationsacross the submarine canyon(Swatch-of-No-Ground), northernBay of Bengal. , 94(4),2008:507-513.

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Verlecar, X.N., Snigdha, Desai, S.R.,Dhargalkar, V.K. Shark hunting - anindiscriminate trade endangeringelasmobranchs to extinction.

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Vethamony, P., Sudheesh, K., Babu,M.T., Jayakumar, S., ManiMurali,R., Saran, A.K., Sharma, L.H.,Rajan, B., Srivastava, M. Trajectoryof an oil spill off Goa, easternArabian Sea: field observations andsimulations. , 148(2),2007:438-444.

Vethamony, P., Babu, M.T.,Ramanamurty, M.V., Saran, A.K.,Joseph, A., Sudheesh, K.,Patgaonkar, R.S., Jayakumar, S.Thermohaline structure of an inverseestuary - the Gulf of Kachchh:measurements and modelsimulations. , 54(6),2007:697-707.

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Zhu, Y., Tsvankin, I., Dewangan, P.,Van Wijk, K. Physical modeling andanalysis of P-wave attenuationanisotropy in transversely isotropicmedia. , 72(1), 2007:D1-D7.

Bhalla, S.N., Khare, N., Shanmukha,D.H., Henriques, P.J. Foraminiferalstudies in nearshore regions ofwestern coast of India andLaccadives Islands: a review, 272-287.

Linshy, V.N., Rana, S.S., Kurtarkar, S.,Saraswat, R., Nigam, R. Appraisal oflaboratory culture experiments onbenthic foraminifera toassess/develop paleoceanographicproxies, 301-321.

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Nigam, R., Saraswat, R. Preface to:marine micropaleontological studiesfrom the Northern Indian Ocean,247-248.

Panchang, R. Nigam, R., Riedel, F.,Janssen, A.W., Hla, U Ko Yi. Areview of the studies on pteropodsfrom the northern Indian Ocean withan additional first report on theMyanmar (Burmaese) pteropods,384-398.

Rana, S.S., Nigam, R., Panchang, R.Relict benthic foraminifera in surfacesediments off central east coast ofIndia as indicator of sea levelchanges, 355-360.

Chatterjee, S., Bhattacharyya, R.,Michael, L., Krishna, K.S.,Majumdar, T.J. Validation of ERS-1and high-resolution satellite gravitywith in-situ shipborne gravity overthe Indian offshore regions:accuracies and implications tosubsurface modeling.

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Desa, E., Madhan, R., Maurya, P.,Navelkar, G.S., Mascarenhas,A.A.M.Q., Prabhudesai, S.,Afzulpurkar, S., Bandodkar, S. Thesmall Maya AUV - Initial fieldresults. , 11(1),2007:6-8.

Gaur, A.S., Kerkar, R. Stone sculpturesof goddesses on the boats from Goa,west coast of India.

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Gaur, A.S., Sundaresh, Tripati, S.Remains of the ancient ports andanchorage points at Miyani andVisawada, on the west coast of India:a study based on underwaterinvestigations. ,93(4), 2007:428-440.

Gaur, A.S., Sundaresh, Tripati, S.,Vora, K.H. New evidence on themaritime activity at Dabhol on theMaharashtra coast. , 37,2007:186-192.

Gaur, A.S., Sundaresh, Tripati, S. Asubmerged temple complex offPindara, on the northwestern coastof Saurashtra. ., 32(2),2007:37-40.

Hood, H.R., Naqvi, S.W.A., Wiggert, J.,Goes, J., Coles, V., McCreary, J.,Bates, N., Karuppasamy, P.K.,Mahowald, N., Seitzinger, S., Meyers,G. Research opportunities andchallenges in the Indian Ocean.

, 89(13),2008:125-126.

Hood, H.R., Naqvi, S.W.A., Wiggert,J.D., Subramaniam, A.Biogeochemical and ecologicalresearch in the Indian Ocean.Sustained Indian OceanBiogeochemical and EcologicalResearch Workshop, Goa, India, 3–6October 2006 - Meeting Report.

, 88(17),2007:p. 144.

Ingole, B.S., Sivadas, S. The slipperycoastline. , 1(2),2007: 32-34:36-37.

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Bull. Aust. Inst.Maritime Archaeol.

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Papers in Non-SCI Journals

Gujar, A.R., Angusamy, N.,Rajamanickam, G.V.Characterization of opaques offKonkan Coast Maharashtra, centralwest coast of India.

, 6(1), 2007:53-67.J. Miner. Mater.

Character. Eng.

Ingole, B.S. Biodiversity of benthicpolychaetes from the coastal watersof Paradip, Bay of Bengal.

, 1(1), 2007:32-45.

Jaysankar, D., Ramaiah, N., Bhosle,N.B., Garg, A., Vardanyan, L., Nagle,V.L., Fukami, K. Potential ofmercury-resistant marine bacteriafor detoxification of chemicals ofenvironmental concern.

, 22(4), 2007:336-345.

Mandal, Sumit, Harkantra, S.N.,Salazar-Vallejo, S.I.

n sp. (Polychaeta:Pilargidae) from the Goa coast,central west coast of India. .,1446, 2007:21-29.

Martin, G.D., Vijay, J.G., Laluraj, C.M.,Madhu, N.V, Joseph, T., Nair, M.,Gupta, G.V.M., Balachandran, K.K.Fresh water influence on nutrientstoichiometry in a tropical estuary,southwest coast of India.

, 6(1), 2008:57-64.

Oba, T., Banakar, V.K. Comparison ofinterglacial warm events since themarine oxygen isotope stage 11.

, 46(3), 2007:223-234.

Pavithran, S., Ingole, B., Nanajkar, M.,Nath, B.N. Macrofaunal diversity inthe Central Indian Ocean Basin.

, 8(3), 2007:11-16.

Raghukumar, C. Life in the oceanicrealms. , 12(6), 2007:24-42.

Ramana, M.V., Ramprasad, T.,KameshRaju, K.A., Desa, M.Occurrence of gas hydrates along thecontinental margins of India,particularly the Krishna-Godavarioffshore basin. ,64(6), 2007:675-693.

Rejomon, G., Balachandran, K.K., Nair,M., Joseph, T. Trace metalconcentrations in marinezooplankton from the western Bay ofBengal. ,6(1), 2008:107-116.

Sarma, K.V.L.N.S., Subrahmanyam,A.S., Subrahmanyam, V., Murty,G.P.S., Rao, K.M. A brief study onthe imprints of seismo tectonicactivities in the crust of central andsouthern Bay of Bengal. ,28(1-2), 2007:55-62.

Sridhar, P.N., Ali, M.M., Vethamony, P.,Babu, M.T., Ramana, I.V.,Jayakumar, S. Seasonal occurrenceof unique sediment plume in the Bayof Bengal EOS Trans.

, 89(3), 2008:22-23.

Bindoff, N.L., Willebrand, J., Artale, V.,Cazenave, A., Gregory, J., Gulev, S.,Hanawa, K., LeQuere, C., Levitus, S.,Nojiri, Y., Shum, C.K., Talley, L.D.,Unnikrishnan, A.S. Observations:oceanic climate change and sealevel. In: Climate change 2007:

. Ed. by: Solomon, S., Qin, D.,Manning, M., Marquis, M., Averyt,K., Tignor, M.M.B., Miller, H.L.,Chen, Z., Cambridge UniversityPress, Cambridge, UK., 2007:385-432.

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Ingole, B.S. Importance ofenvironmental impact assessmentand monitoring studies in industrialdevelopment. In:

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Nigam, R. Addressing environmentalissues through foraminifera - Casestudies from the Arabian Sea. In:

Ed. by: Babu, D.S.S. : 1-10Nov 2007. Centre for Earth ScienceStudies, Thiruvananthapuram,India, 2007: 42-50. Project IGCP-1514. Fluvial Palaeo-systems:Evolution and Mineral Deposits(2005-2009).

Raghukumar, C., Damare, S. Deep-seafungi. In: .Ed. by: Michielis, C., Bartlett, D.H.,Aertsen, A., American Society forMicrobiologists - Washington DC.,2008:265-291.

Ranade, G. Impact of bathymetricsystem advances on hydrography.In:

NationalHydrographic School. Goa, India,2007:88-96.

Sahu, S.R. Digital respository service(DRS) at National Institute ofOceanography: a case study. In:

20 -21August, 2007, Hotel Crowne PlazaToday, Gurgaon, India : Aug 2007.Hewlett-Packard University RelationsIndia. Gurgaon, India, 2007: 9 p.

Unnikrishnan, A.S. Remarks on the sealevel records of the north Indianocean. In:

UK., 2007:9 pp. This report isa condensed version of the findingsin article 'Are sea-level-rise trendsalong the coasts of the north IndianOcean consistent with globalestimates' published in GlobalPlanet. Change 57(3-4), 2007:301-307 by A.S. Unnikrishnan and D.Shankar

Bhattacharya, G.C. Study of marinemagnetic field, 184-190.

Chakraborty, B. Understandingseafloor morphology using remotehigh frequency acoustic methods: Anappraisal to modern techniques andits effectiveness, 179-183.

Chaubey, A.K. Plate tectonics, 209-213.

Chaubey, A.K. Seismic reflection andrefraction methods, 214-222.

DileepKumar, M. Oceans-land-atmosphere interactions and globalchange, 94-95.

Gujar, A.R. Heavy mineral placers, 32-38.

Environmentalchanges and natural disasters

International Workshop (IGCP-514) onFluvial and Marine Processes ofCenozoic and Formation of Placers:Programme, abstracts and field tripguide.

High-Pressure Microbiology

Impact of Technology in the Fieldof Hydrography and MaximisingReturns for Maritime Safety andNation Building, National Seminar 21-22 June 07, Goa :

Symposium on Experiences withDSpace for Institutional andOrganizational Repositories,

Commentaries on theinterpretation of long sea levelrecords. Proudman Oceanogr. Lab.(POL),

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Lecture notes on Refresher Courseon Marine Geology andGeophysics, 22 October to 2November 2007, (Compiled byKessarkar, P.M., Mergulhao, L.P.),240 pp

Guptha, M.V.S. Role of time seriessediment traps in understanding theIndian summer monsoon, 11-13.

Krishna, K.S. Seismic stratigraphy,some examples from Indian Ocean,interpretation of reflection data ininteractive mode, 223-228.

Krishna, K.S. Geological features andgeophysical signatures of continentalmargins of India, 229-234.

Naidu, P.D. Asian monsoon variability,cyclicities, and forcing mechanisms,129-131.

Nath, B.N. Processes of formation offerromanganese manganese nodulesand crusts, 63-69.

Nath, B.N. Hydrothermal minerals, 78-83.

Nath, B.N. Geochemical proxies forunderstanding paleoceanography,143-151.

Nigam, R. Micropalaeontological proxiesfor understanding palaeoclimate,139-142.

Paropkari, A.L. Productivity variations,oxygen minimum zone and theirimpact on organic enrichment in thesediments, 152-157.

Pattan, J.N. Volcanogenic sediments inthe Indian Ocean, 76-77.

Ramana, M.V. Interpretation of free-airgravity anomaly data for determiningthe crustal structure across thecontinental margins and aseismicridges: Some examples from Indiancontinental margins and deep-seabasins, 202-206.

Ramprasad, T. Gas hydrates, 43-48.

Ramprasad, T. The earth's gravitationalfield, 191-195.

Ramprasad, T. Mid-oceanic ridgesystem, 196-201.

Rao, V.P. Authigenic minerals from thecontinental margins, 39-42.

Rao, V.P. Relic carbonate depositsalong the western margin of India:sea level and environmental changesduring the Late Quaternary, 102-104.

Rao, V.P. Historical developments inmarine geology and some aspects offine-grained sediments along thecontinental margins of India andBengal fan, 29-31.

Sharma, R. Environmental studies fordeep seabed mining, 70-75.

Sharma, R. Underwater photography -A visual survey method, 173-176.

Shetye, S.R. The system of wind-drivenseasonal coastal currents around theIndian subcontinent, 1-2.

ShyamPrasad, M. Extraterrestrialmatter in the oceans, 84-90.

ShyamPrasad, M. Indian exploration forpolymetallic nodules in the centralIndian Ocean, 52-62.

Unnikrishnan, A.S. Observed sea-levelrise in the north Indian Oceancoasts during the past century, 91-92.

VijayKumar, B. Oceans and theregulatory framework: a techno-legalperspective, 14-20.

Vora, K.H. Past sea level changes alongthe western continental margins ofIndia: Evidences from morphology ofthe sea bed, 97-101.

Vora, K.H. Marine archaeologicalinvestigations in inferring shoreline/sea level changes along the Indiancoast, 177-178.

Papers published in The Mandoviand Zuari Estuaries - A bookdedicated to Dr. Mahesh D. Zingdeon his 60th birthday (Edited byShetye, S.R., DileepKumar, M.,Shankar, D.), NIO, Dona Paula,Goa, India, June 2007:

Papers published in Proceedings ofthe National Symposium onEmerging Trends in Meteorologyand Oceanography (METOC-2007), 21-22 May, 2007, (Edited byVijayakumar, D., Jothiraman, V.,Jyothi, A.K., Satya Prakash,Krishna, M.S.H.), School of NavalOceanology and Meteorology,Kochi, India:

Ansari, Z.A., Sivadas, S., Ingole, B.S.Benthic macrofauna, 91-98.

Bhosle, N.B. Distribution of tributyltin(TBT) in the Mandovi estuary, 105-113.

Jyothibabu, R., Madhu, N.V.Zooplankton, 83-90.

Matondkar, S.G.P., Gomes, H., Parab,S.G., Pednekar, S., Goes, J.I.Phytoplankton diversity, biomass,and production, 67-81.

Mesquita, A., Kaisary, S. Distribution ofiron and manganese, 99-104.

Ramaiah, N., Rodrigues, V., Alwares,E., Rodrigues, C., Baksh, R., Jayan,S., Mohandass, C. Sewage-pollutionindicator bacteria, 115-120.

Sardessai, S., Sundar, D. Variability ofnitrate and phosphate, 59-66.

Shetye, S.R., Shankar, D., Neetu, S.,Suprit, K., Michael, G.S.,Chandramohan, P. The environmentthat conditions the Mandovi andZuari estuaries, 3-27.

Shetye, S.R., Suresh, I., Sundar, D.Tides and sea-level variability, 29-38.

Shetye, S.R., Michael, G.S., Chavan,P.V. Mixing and intrusion of salt, 49-58.

Shetye, S.R., DileepKumar, M.,Shankar, D. (Eds.). The Mandovi andZuari estuaries. National Institute ofOceanography. Dona Paula, Goa,India, xiii+ 145 pp.

Unnikrishnan, A.S., Manoj, N.T.Numerical models, 39-47.

Aruna, C., Ravichandran, C., Srinivas,K., Rasheed, P.A.A., Lekshmi, S.Dynamics of tidal and non-tidalcurrents along the southwestcontinental shelf of India, 359-364.

Joseph, A., Balachandran, K.K., Mehra,P., Desai, R.G.P., Dabolkar, N.,Kumar, V., Revichandran, C.,Agarvadekar, Y. Vulnerability ofCochin Backwaters to meteorologicaldisturbances with special referenceto tidal propagation, 67-76.

Lekshmi, S., Smitha, B.R.,Revichandran, C. Observationalevidence of upwelling off thesouthwest coast of India duringJune-July 2006, 203-207.

Murty, T.V.R., Rao, M.M.M.,Sadhuram, Y., SujitKumar, S.,SaiSandhya, K., Maneesha, K.,Murthy, K.S.R. Identification ofinternal waves off Visakhapatnamfrom Thermister chain, 83-89.


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Murty, T.V.R., Rao, M.M.M.,Sadhuram, Y. Objective mapping oftemperature field by stochasticinverse method using acoustictomography experimental data ofeastern Arabian Sea, 139-146.

Pankajakshan, T. Oceanographic datamanagement - a nationalperspective, 193-201.

Smitha, B.R., VimalKumar, K.G.,Sanjeevan, V.N. Coastal processes atthe southern tip of India duringsummer monsoon 2005, 213-217.

Srinivas, K., DineshKumar, P.K.,Ravichandran, C. Observedcoherency in the seasonal sea levelfluctuations along the coastline ofthe Indian subcontinent, 189-192.

Chandrasekar, N., Gujar, A.R.,Loveson, V.J., Rajamanickam, G.V.,Moscow, S., Manickaraj, D.S.,Chandrasekaran, R., Chaturvedi,S.K., Mahesh, R., Sudha, V.,Josephine, P.J., Deepa, V. Porewater chemistry in the beach sandsof central Tamil Nadu, India, 278-288.

Fernandes, C.E.G., Das, A., Naik, S.S.,Sharma, R., LokaBharathi, P.A.Immediate effect of simulated sandmining on the variation of bacterialparameters in coastal waters ofKalbadevi Bay, Ratnagiri, 270-277.

Gujar, A.R., Ambre, N.V., Mislankar,P.G. Onshore heavy mineral placersof south Maharashtra, central westcoast of India, 3-26.

Loveson, V.J., Gujar, A.R.,Rajamanickam, G.V., Chandrasekar,N., Manickaraj, D.S.,Chandrasekaran, R., Chaturvedi,S.K., Mahesh, R., Josephine, P.J.,Deepa, V., Sudha, V., Sunderasen,D. Post tsunami rebuilding ofbeaches and the texture ofsediments, 131-146.

Rajamanickam, G.V., Chandrasekaran,R., Manickaraj, D.S., Gujar, A.R.,Loveson, V.J., Chaturvedi, S.K.,Chandrashekhar, N., Mahesh, R.Source rock indication from theheavy mineral weight percentages,central Tamil Nadu, India, 75-86.

Sijinkumar, A.V., Naik, T., Nath, B.N.,Sharma, R. Changes in nutrient,dissolved oxygen and totalsuspended matter during simulatedplacer mining, 260-269.

Valsangkar, A.B. Heavy mineral placersoff Kalbadevi Bay, Ratnagiri,Maharashtra, 111-116.

Papers published in Proceedings ofthe National Seminar onExploration, Exploitation,Enrichment and Environment ofCoastal Placer Minerals (PLACER -2007), Durgapur, India, 25-26 Mar2007, (Edited by Loveson, V.J.,Sen, P.K., Sinha, A.), CentralMechanical Engineering ResearchInstitute, Macmillan Adv. Res. Ser.Macmillan India, New Delhi, India:

Papers published in Proceedings ofFourth Indian National Conferenceon Harbour and OceanEngineering (INCHOE-2007),National Institute of Technology,Surathkal, 12-14 December 2007(Edited by Rao, S., Shirlal, K.G):

Papers published in Proceedings ofthe Indian Ocean Tsunami, (Editedby Murthy, T.S.,Aswathanarayana, U., Nirupama,N. Taylor and Francis), London,UK, 2007:

Mandal, S., Rao, S., Manjunath, Y.R.,Kim, D.H. Stability analysis ofrubblemound breakwater usingANN. 551-560.

ManiMurali, R., Ekka, S., Vethamony,P., Ilangovan, D. Landuse/landcoverstudies of areas in and aroundParadip Port, east cost of India, 441-445.

SanilKumar, V., AshokKumar, K.,Pednekar, P., Gowthaman, R. Seaand swell along west coast of India:study based on measured data, 736-745.

Sundaresh, ManiMurali, R.,JayaKumar, S. Threatened coastalmonuments at Tranquebar, TamilNadu, 461-466.

Suresh, T., Talaulikar, M., Desa, E.,Mascarenhas, A.A.M.Q., Matondkar,S.G.P. Evaluation of satellite derivedspectral diffuse attenuationcoefficients, 116-123.

Joseph, A., Desai, R.G.P. Web-enabledand real-time reporting: cellularbased instrumentation for coastalsea level and surge monitoring, 247-257.

Mascarenhas, A., Jayakumar, S.Protective role of coastal ecosystemsin the context of the tsunami inTamil Nadu coast, India:implications for hazardpreparedness, 423-435.

Murthy, K.S.R., Subrahmanyam, V.,Murty, G.P.S., Rao, K.M. Impact ofcoastal morphology, structure andseismicity on the tsunami surge, 19-31.

Rao, D.V.S., Ingole, B., Tang, D.,Satyanarayan, B., Zhao, H.Tsunamis and marine life, 373-391.

Sadhuram, Y., Murthy, T.V.R., Rao,B.P. Hydrophysical manifestations ofthe Indian Ocean tsunami, 365-372.

Papers published in Proceedings ofNational Conference on GlobalTemperature Rise: An Indian Efforttowards Mitigation of CO Emissions,September 21-22, 2007, (Edited bySarma, N.S), School of Chemistry,Andhra University, Visakhapatnam,India:

DileepKumar, M. Carbon inventoriesand atmospheric temperatures: aglobal and regional perspective, 133-135.

Murty, V.S.N. Variability of surfacecirculation of the Indian Ocean, 138-144.

Sarma, V.V.S.S. Influence of carbonsequestration on biogeochemistry ofcarbon in the ocean, 125-132.

2

Papers published in Proceedings ofDiversity and Life Processes fromOcean and Land, (Edited by Desai,P.V., Roy, R.), Department ofZoology, Goa University, Goa,India, 2007:

Papers published in Proceedings ofthe International Symposium onOcean Electronics (SYMPOL-2007),11-14 December, 2007 (Edited byPillai, P.R.S., Supriya, M.H.),Cochin University of Science andTechnology, Cochin, India, CUSAT,Cochin, India :

Papers published in Proceedings ofMCMC2006 - 7 IFAC Conferenceon Manoeuvring and Control ofMarine Craft, Lisbon, Portugal,2006, Institute for Systems andRobotics, Lisbon, Portugal, 2007:

th

Nanajkar, M.R., Ingole, B.S. Nematodespecies diversity as indicator ofstressed benthic environment alongthe central west coast of India, 42-52.

Rashmi, C.V., Chatterji, A. Screeningfor cytotoxic activity in acommercially important Indianseaweed,

, 36-41.

Sabu, A.S., Chatterji, A. Antibacterialactivity of hemolymph of mud crab,

to marine andfreshwater microbes, 14-22.

Afzulpurkar, S., Desa, E., Navelkar, G.,Mascarenhas, A.A.M.Q., Maurya,P.K., Martins, H., Madhan, R.,Prabhudesai, S., Pinto, R., Marchon,N. Miniature sonar for obstacledetection on small AUV Maya, 244-249.

Dabholkar, N., Desa, E., Afzulpurkar,S., Madhan, R., Mascarenhas,A.A.M.Q., Navelkar, G., Maurya,P.K., Prabhudesai, S., Nagvekar, S.,Martins, H., Sawkar, G., Fernandes,P., Manoj, K.K. Development of anautonomous vertical profiler foroceanographic studies, 250-256.

Joseph, A., Mehra, P., Sivadas, T.K.,Desai, R.G.P., Srinivas, K., Thottam,T., Vijayan, P.R., Revichandran, C.,Balachandran, K.K. Identification ofMsf tide amplification using anetwork of spatially distributed tidegauges, 162-176.

Madhan, R., Desa, E.S., Prabhudesai,S., Sebastiao, L., Pascoal, A., Desa,E., Mascarenhas, A.A.M.Q., Maurya,P., Navelkar, G.S., Afzulpurkar, S.,Khalap, S. Mechanical design anddevelopment aspects of a small AUV- Maya, 6 pp.

Maurya, P., Desa, E., Pascoal, A.,Barros, E., Navelkar, G.S., Madhan,R., Mascarenhas, A.A.M.Q.,Prabhudesai, S., Afzulpurkar, S.,Gouveia, Ashwin, Naroji, S.,Sebastiao, l. Control of the MayaAUV in the vertical and horizontalplanes: theory and practical, 7 pp.

Stocheospermummarginatum

Scylla serrata


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Papers published in Proceedings ofthe International Maritime-PortTechnology and DevelopmentConference (MTEC 2007), SuntecSingapore InternationalConvention & Exhibition CenterSingapore, 26-28 Sep 2007,Research Publishing Services,Singapore:

Papers published in Proceedings ofthe Conference on EmergingTrends in Aerosols: Technology andApplications. National PhysicalLaboratory, New Delhi, India, 14-16 Nov 2007. IASTA Bull., 18(2),2007, Special issue:

Rajagopal, M.D., Vethamony, P.,Ilangovan, D., Jayakumar, S.,Sudheesh, K., Murty, K.S.R.Dredging of sand from a creekadjacent to a sand-spit forreclamation: its impact on spitstability and coastal zone, 463-469.

Vethamony, P., Babu, M.T., Reddy,G.S., Sudheesh, K., Desa, E.,Zingde, M.D. Estimation of carryingcapacity of the Gulf of Kachchh, westcoast of India in relation topetroleum hydrocarbon through oilspill modeling, 505-511.

Suresh, T., Talaulikar, M., Rodrigues,A., Desa, E., Chauhan, P.Evaluation of methods to determinethe spectral variations of aerosoloptical thickness, 276-278.

Talaulikar, M., Suresh, T., Rodrigues,A., Desa, E., Chauhan, P. Will theaerosol derived from the OCMsatellite sensor be representative ofthe aerosol over Goa? 36-38.

Sila, Tripati. Exploration andexcavation of shipwrecks in Goa andadjoining waters 2006-2007(NIO/TR-01/2007)

Ramana Murty, T.V. Identification andmodeling of internal waves (NIO/TR-02/2007)

Fernandes, William A. An approachtowards solving refraction problemsin EM-1002 multi-beam (NIO/TR-03/2007)

Ganeshan, P. A method of transferringCTS benchmark value to survey areausing latest electronic total station(NIO/TR-04/2007)

Vethamony, P. Modelinghydrodynamics, dredge plumedispersal and oil spill movement offRas Issa coast, Yemen in the vicinityof proposed jetty, outfall and intakefacilities, HMR EngineeringConsultants Muscat, Oman(NIO/SP-1/2007)

Prabhakara Rao, B. Delineation of HTL,LTL and CRZ boundaries for coastalfront adjoining north side of C.S. No.3/600 at Colaba, near Mumbai,Team one Architects Pvt. Ltd.,Mumbai (NIO/SP-2/2007)

Sanil Kumar, V. Rapid environmentalimpact assessment studies for theproposed SPM and pipeline of VisakhRefinery off Visakhapatnam,Hindustan Petroleum CorporationLtd., Mumbai (NIO/SP-3/2007)

Technical Reports

Sponsored Project Reports

Murthy, K.S.R., B. Prabhakara Rao.Delineation of HTL, LTL and CRZboundaries near Tammaiahpalem forSMS pharmaceuticals,Visakhapatnam AP, SMSPharmaceutical Ltd., Hyderabad(NIO/SP-4/2007)

Murthy, K.S.R., B. Prabhakara Rao.Delineation of HTL, LTL and CRZboundaries near NagarjunaAgrichem Ltd., Arinama AkkivalasaSrikakulam, Nagarjuna AgrichemLtd., Srikakulam (NIO/SP-5/2007)

Murthy, K.S.R., B. Prabhakara Rao.Delineation of HTL, LTL and CRZboundaries near Tammaiahpalem forMatrix Laboratory, Visakhapatnam,Matrix Laboratory Secunderabad(NIO/SP-6/2007)

Murthy, K.S.R., B. Prabhakara Rao.Delineation of HTL, LTL and CRZboundaries for Ennore PowerStation, Chennai, Ennore ThermalPower Station, Chennai (NIO/SP-7/2007)

Pathak, M.C. Demarcation of mangroveplantation area for mangrovesmonitoring at Hazira Phase III, M/SShell India Pvt. Ltd., Surat (NIO/SP-8/2007)

Sanil Kumar, V. Cooling water intakesystem for Ennore Thermal PowerStation - feasibility study, EnnoreThermal Power Station Tamil Nadu:Electricity Board Chennai (NIO/SP-9/2007)

Dinesh Kumar, P.K. Environmentalmonitoring of well MDW#1 Mahanadioffshore block MN-OSN-200/2, Oiland Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.,Kolkata (NIO/SP-10/2007)

Dinesh Kumar, P.K. Environmentalmonitoring of well MN-OSW-B#1 inMahanadi offshore block MN-OSN-200/2, Oil and Natural GasCorporation Ltd., Kolkata (NIO/SP-11/2007)

Murthy, K.S.R. Post project monitoringstudies in the marine environmentoff Tammmayyapalem,Poosapativega Mandal,Vijayanagaram District, AP, MatrixLaboratory Ltd., Andhra Pradesh(NIO/SP-12/2007)

Murthy, K.S.R. Rapid marineenvironmental impact assessment(RMEIA) studies for treated effluentsin the marine environment offPydibhimavaram, RanasthalamMandal, Srikakulam District,Andhra Pradesh, Andhra OrganicSaraca Laboratory Ltd. (NIO/SP-13/2007)

Achuthankutty, C.T. Environment andbiodiversity monitoring of sixexploratory drilling sites at blockKG-OSN 200/3 (K G Block), GujaratState Petroleum Corporation Ltd.(NIO/SP-14/2007)

Prabhakara Rao, B. Rapid marine EIAin the marine environmental offNizampatnam for Dindi chemicaland Pharma park-CRZ Studies(SSP1886), Sireen Drugs Ltd.,Hyderabad (NIO/SP-15/2007)

D'Silva, Classy. Evaluation of the oilspill dispersant “OSD/LT”, M/SDrew Marine Ashland Water Tech forDrew Ameroid(s) Pvt., Mumbai(NIO/SP-16/2007)

Zingde, M.D. Sites for release ofeffluents from Essar Steel ExpansionProject in Tapi estuary and

assessment of impacts on ecology,Essar Steel Ltd., Hazira (NIO/SP-17/2007)

Zingde, M.D. Periodic monitoring ofAmba estuary (May 2006) (SSP1757),Indian Petrochemical CorporationLtd., Nagathone (NIO/SP-18/2007)

Pathak, M.C. Pre and post lay surveyfor submarine pipeline acrossMandovi River, Old Goa (ferry point)to Diwar, Public Works Department,Goa (NIO/SP-19/2007)

Dinesh Kumar, P.K. Environmentalmonitoring of ONGC well NEC-DWN-2K2-A (MDW#3) in Mahanadioffshore, Block NEC-DWN-2002/2(SSP1878), ONGC, Kolkata (NIO/SP-20/2007)

Achuthankulty, C.T., Dinesh Kumar,P.K. Environmental monitoring ofwell MN-DWN-98/3-A (MDW#4) inMahanadi offshore Block, ONGC,Kolkata (NIO/SP-21/2007)

Babu, M.T. Modelling of flow regimeand sedimentation processes due tothe proposed port facilities inKakinada Bay, Kakinada Port Ltd.(NIO/SP-22/2007)

Ashok Kumar, K. Studies on directionalwaves off Krishnapatnam, M/sAPPDCL, Hyderabad, CAPL, NewDelhi (NIO/SP-23/2007)

Unnikrishnan, A.S. Measurement andforecasting of tides at Mumbai High,ONGC Kolkata (NIO/SP-24/2007)

Nair, Maheswari. Environment and bio-diversity monitoring of sixexploratory drilling sites at blockKG-OSN-2001/3 (KG Block), GujaratState Petroleum Corporation Ltd.(NIO/SP-25/2007)

Rao, Mohana K., G.P.S. Murthy.Seabed Engineering andOceanographic Investigation forputting up single point mooring(SPM) Facilities off Vizag port,Hindustan Petroleum CorporationLtd., Mumbai (NIO/SP-26/2007)

Jawahar Kumar, Ch. Delinetion of HTL,LTL and CRZ boundaries for AthenaPower Pvt. Ltd. near Komarigirivillage, east Godawari district,Andhra Pradesh, Athene Power Pvt.Ltd. (NIO/SP-27/2007)

Naidu, V.S. Rapid EIA for proposedmarine facilities of cement plant byGACL in Khara creek at SisadharKachchh District, Gujarat AnjanCement Ltd., Ghaziabad (NIO/SP-28/2007)

Zingde, M.D. Marine EIA fordevelopment of fish landing facilitiesalong Maharashtra coast port IISindhudurg District, Department ofFisheries, Govt. of Maharashtra(NIO/SP-29/2007)

Ingole, Baban. Thermal bioassaystudies for assessing impacts ofheated effluents on marine bioticcommunities, Andhra Pradesh PowerDevelopment Corporation Ltd.,Hyderabad and coastal AndhraPradesh Ltd., New Delhi (NIO/SP-30/2007)

Murthy, K.S.R. Marine environmentalimpact assessment for setting up ofa captive minor port atJatadharmohan creek near Paradeepin Orissa, POSCO India Pvt. Ltd.,Bhubaneswar assigned by M.N.Dastur & Company, Kolkata(NIO/SP-31/2007)


89

Revichandran, C. Radiotracerexperiments at Cochin Port, CochinPort Trust (NIO/SP-32/2007)

Jiyalal Ram, M.J. Ecology of near shorecoastal area adjacent to Sea RockHotel, Mumbai, Sea Rock HotelMumbai (NIO/SP-33/2007)

Revichandran, C. Tidal characteristicsof water around Velanthakad island,Kochi, Ms Sobha Developers Ltd.,Bangalore (NIO/SP-34/2007)

Rajagopal, M.D. Monitoring ofecological condition of near shoreareas of Paradip and adjacent creeksduring phase II pre-dredging periodReport-I, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.,New Delhi (NIO/SP-35/2007)

Dinesh Kumar, P.K., JayaKumar, S.Marine environmental impactassessment for the release of treatedeffluent of on shore gas processingfacility of GSPC, M/s GSPCGandhinagar (NIO/SP-36/2007)

Shirodkar, P.V. Environmentalmonitoring in Kandla Port Trustarea, Kandla Port Trust, Gujarat(NIO/SP-37/2007)

Naidu, V.S. Rapid EIA of effluent outfalland jetty operation in Amba estuaryfor proposed 400MW power projectof MEGL at Shahapur, TalukaAlibag, Raigad District,Maharashtra, Maharashtra EnergyGeneration Ltd., Shahapur (NIO/SP-38/2007)

Mandal, S. Marine EIA of cooling waterintake system for Ennore ThermalPower Station (SSP1801-SSP1806),Ennore Thermal Power Station TamilNadu, Chennai (NIO/SP-39/2007)

Subrahmanyam, V. Seabed surveys forinspection of 650 and 750 insubmarine pipeline corridor offChitrapura for MRPL, Manglore, MsMangalore Refinery &Petrochemicals Ltd., Mangalore(NIO/SP-40/2007)

Murthy, K.S.R., Prabhakara Rao, B.Delineation of High tide line andCRZ boundaries along the Gostaniriver for Giridhar, Visakhapatnam(SSP1929), Giridhar, Visakhapatnam(NIO/SP-41/2007)

Murthy, K.S.R., Prabhakara Rao, B.Delineation of high tide line and CRZboundaries near Timmapuram forthe proposed development of plotsVisakhapatnam, Dr. K.V.Ravindranath, Visakhapatnam(NIO/SP-42/2007)

Gajbhiye, S.N., Vora, K.H. Managementof marine ecology and conservationof corals off Vadinar phase-III:translocation of subtidal corals(SSP1549-SSP1552), Chief Wild LifeWarden, Govt. of Gujarat & Essar OilLtd., Mumbai (NIO/SP-43/2007)

Gajbhiye, S.N. Environmental impactassessment of TCL's salt water andbrine pipeline between Mithapur andPindara Bay, district Jamnagar part-II marine environment (SSP1433),Tata Chemical Ltd., Mithapur(NIO/SP-44/2007)

Vethamony, P. Demarcation of inlandvessels Limit (IUL) off MormugaoPort region including Panaji - a pilotstudy, Directorate General ofShipping, Mumbai (NIO/SP-45/2007)

Prabhakara Rao, B. Delineation of HTL,LTL and CRZ boundaries at

Kakinada Bay area, Andhra Pradeshfor GMR Power Energy Ltd.(SSP1950), GMR Power Energy Ltd.,Bangalore (NIO/SP-46/2007)

Jiyalal Ram, M.J. Selection of sites forrelease of combined treated effluentsin Bhavnagar creek and assessmentof impact on marine ecology(SSP1903), Chitra IndustriesAssociation, Bhavnagar, (NIO/SP-47/2007)

Jagtap, T.G. Environmental baselinedata collection at Capao (Vaxim) anisland in Mandovi estuary, Goa toassess the feasibility for developingrecreational facilities (SSP 1920),Ozone Propex Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore,(NIO/SP-48/2007)

Achuthankutty, C.T. Environment andbio-diversity monitoring of sixexploratory drilling sites at blockKG-OSN-2001/3 (KG Block), GSPCAhmedabad (NIO/SP-49/2007)

Sarma, V.V. Rapid marineenvironmental impact assessmentstudies for treated effluents in themarine environment offNizampatnam, Gudur District, AP(SSP1887-SSP1890), Sireen DrugsPvt. Ltd., Hyderabad (NIO/SP-50/2007)

Jiyalal Ram, M.J. Impact assessment ofrelease of FGD effluents from REL onthe ecology of Dahanu creek(SSP1667), Reliance Energy Ltd.,Mumbai (NIO/SP-51/2007)

Naidu, V.S. Environmental impactassessment of temporary releaseoption for textile effluents of GHCLLtd., Bhilad in Daman Gangaestuary (SSP1586), GHCL Ltd., Vapi(NIO/SP-52/2007)

Gajbhiye, S.N. Post-spill clean-upassessment of intertidal area ofMithapur Bay (SSP1760), TataChemical Ltd., Mithapur, (NIO/SP-53/2007)

Jiyalal Ram M.J. Marine environmentalimpact assessment for proposed LPGpipeline between Mahul to Uran,Maharashtra (SSP1754), BharatPetroleum Corporation Ltd., Mumbai(NIO/SP-54/2007)

Prabhakara Rao, B. Demarcation ofHTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries nearKesavaram village, Andhra Pradesh(SSP1938), Ms Deccan FineChemical (India) Pvt. Ltd.,Hyderabad (NIO/SP-55/2007)

Jiyalal Ram, M.J. Monitoring of coastalwater off Bhavnagar (SSP1797),Nirma Ltd., Ahmedabad (NIO/SP-56/2007)

Achuthankutty, C.T. Environment andbio-diversity monitoring of sixexploratory drilling sites at BlockKG-OSN-2001/3 (KG Block)(SSP1746), GSPC, Ahmedabad(NIO/SP-57/2007)

Murthy, K.S.R. Comprehensive marineenvironmental impact assessment(CMEIA) studies for the proposedpower plants, north ofKrishnapatnam, Nellore District,Andhra Pradesh ( SSP1815-SSP1822), M/s Andhra PradeshPower Development Corporation Ltd.(APPDCL), Hyderabad & CoastalAndhra Power Ltd. (CAPL), NewDelhi (NIO/SP-58/2007)

Dinesh Kumar, P.K. Environmentalmonitoring of well MN-DWN 98/3-B(MDW#5) in Mahanadi offshore

Block MN-DWN-98/3 (SSP1980),M/s Oil and Natural GasCorporation Ltd., Kolkata (NIO/SP-1/2008)

Naidu, V.S. EIA of proposed jetties ofVOTL near Salaya (Gujarat) andseawater intake and effluents releasefacilities for thermal power project ofEPGL (SSP1907), Vadinar OilTerminal Ltd., Jamnagar (NIO/SP-2/2008)

Babu, M.T. Identification of a suitablelocation for a marine outfall offMangalore and REIA due to thecombined effluents coming fromMSEZ (SSP1897-SSP1899),Mangalore Special Economic ZoneLtd., Mangalore (NIO/SP-3/2008)

Prabhakara Rao, B. Delineation of HTLand CRZ boundaries for SpectrumPower Generation Ltd. nearKakinada (SSP1928), IndomerCoastal Hydraulics Pvt. Ltd.,Chennai (NIO/SP-4/2008)

Prabhakara Rao, B. Delineation of HTLand CRZ boundaries along theKandaleru creek, Nellore Part-A andPart-B (SSP1949), Indomer CoastalHydraulics Pvt. Ltd., Chennai(NIO/SP-5/2008)

Prabhakara Rao, B. Delineation of HTLand CRZ boundaries for NorthChennai Power Company Ltd. nearKalanji village north of Ennore,Indomer Coastal Hydraulics Pvt.Ltd., Chennai (NIO/SP-6/2008)

Jagtap, T.G. Environmental baselinedata (during monsoon) at Capao(Vaxim), an island in Mandoviestuary, Goa to assess the feasibilityfor developing recreational facilities(SSP1920), Ozone Propex Pvt. Ltd.(NIO/SP-7/2008)

Pathak, K.C. Demarcation of high tideline and delineation of CRZboundary at Pavas Bay, Ratnagiri(SSP1965), M/s Finolex IndustriesLtd. (NIO/SP-8/2008)

Prabhakara Rao, B. Delineation of HTLand CRZ boundaries at Maghavaramvillage, Srikakulam district, AndhraPradesh for thermal power plant,Indomer Coastal Hydraulics Pvt. Ltd.(NIO/SP-9/2008)

Ashok Kumar, K. Measurement ofwaves, currents tides and suspendedsediment load off Mundra(SSP1946), Mundra Port and SpecialEconomic Zone Ltd., Ahmedabad(NIO/SP-10/2008)

Prabhakara Rao, B. Delineation of HTLand CRZ boundaries at Nemmelivillage, Tamil Nadu for desalinationplant (SSP1943), Indomer CoastalHydraulics Pvt. Ltd., Chennai(NIO/SP-11/2008)

Pathak, K.C. Demarcation of high tideline and delineation of CRZboundaries along the plot bearing FPNo 939 of TPS - IV of Mahim Div.,Mumbai (SSP1987), M/s VisionMahim, Mumbai on behalf of N.K.Builders (NIO/SP-12/2008)

Prabhakara Rao, B. Demarcation ofhigh tide line, low tide line andcoastal regulation zone boundariesfor Gopalpur Minor Port in Orissa(SSP1863), Indomer CoastalHydraulics Pvt. Ltd., Chennai(NIO/SP-13/2008)

Tirodkar, Gurudas Demarcation ofhigh tide line and delineation of CRZboundary along and across the plot

FINANCES & HUMAN RESOURCENo 558 SS VII city survey No E-86/16 village Bandra Taluka Anderiat 18th Khar, west Mumbai, Subdistrict Mumbai-400052, M/s MatrixCorporation (NIO/SP-14/2008)

Shirodkar, P.V. Rapid EIA for theconstruction of Panaji jetty(SSP1955), GSIDC Ltd., Govt. of Goa(NIO/SP-15/2008)

Prabhakara Rao, B. Demarcation ofHTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries nearMutlom fishing harbour, TamilNadu(SSP2010), The Institute ofDevelopment and Planning Studies,Visakhapatnam (NIO/SP-16/2008)

Prabhakara Rao, B. Delineation of HTL,LTL and CRZ boundaries nearKanada village, Andhra Pradesh(SSP1990), Vijayanagara Biotech Pvt.Ltd. (NIO/SP-17/2008)

90

Consultancy Project Reports

SanilKumar, V. Identification of wavespectra for Mumbai offshore region,ONGC Mumbai (NIO/CON-1/2007)

Fondekar, S.P. Oil spill risk analysisand oil spill contingency plan forport Blair Port, IOCL Kolkata(NIO/CON-2/2007)

Vethamony, P. Probable location for aSPM and associated pipeline route inthe Gulf of Kachchh - a conceptualstudy based on available information(CNP1912), Cairn Energy India Pvt.Ltd. (NIO/CON-3/2007)

JayaKumar, S. Wave tranquility studiesfor Hazira Port (NIO/CON-1/2008)

Prabhakara Rao, B. Demarcation ofHTL, LTL and CRZ boundaries nearTimmapuram for Pace Sea FoodsPvt. Ltd. (NIO/CON-2/2008)

Finances

During the year we received CSIRgrant of Rs. 93.07 crores for ourinstitutional R&D Projects.External Cash flow from otherGovernment departments andministries for conducting theirprogrammes was Rs. 12.97 croreswhile we charged Rs. 10.86 croresfrom industries towards sponsoredprojects and consultancy.

Human Resource

GROUP IV

Director

Sc.G

Documentation Officer

Sc.F

Dr. Shetye SR

Dr. Zingde MD

Dr. Swamy GNSh. Sarupria JSDr. Murthy KSRDr. Desa Elgar SDr. Bahulayan NDr. Dalal SGSh. Desai Prabhu RGDr. Loka Bharathi PADr. Naik CGSh. Ramesh Babu VDr. Naqvi SWADr. Nigam RajivSh. Gouveia Albert DDr. Ramana MVDr. Achuthankutty CTDr. Bhosle NBDr. Wahidullah S

(retired on 30.06.07)


(retired on 31.12.07)(retired on 31.03.08)

Dr. Tapaswi MP

Dr. Saramma UPDr. Poi Fondekar SNSh. Bhattacharya GCDr. Paropkari ALDr. Rajagopal MDDr. Sarma VVDr. Gujar ARSh. Vora KHSh. Sathe PVSh. Sarma RVSh. Das Kesava VDr. Gajbhiye SNDr. Karisiddaiah SMDr. Valsangkar ABDr. Ansari ZADr. Pattan JNDr. Ramaiah NDr. Parameswaran PSDr. Mukhopadhyay RanadhirDr. Sharma Rahul KDr. Prasanna Kumar SDr. Shenoi SSCDr. Banakar VKDr. Kodagali VNDr. Rao Purnachandra VDr. Murty VSN

(retired on 30.09.07) Dr. Dileep Kumar MDr. Nagender Nath BSh. Ranade GHDr. Shyam Prasad MDr. Rao Prattipati SDr. Kamesh Raju KADr. Harkantra SNDr. Mandal SDr. Naidu Divakar PDr. Chakraborty BishwajitDr. Sardesai Sugandha DDr. Gopalkrishna VVDr. Chatterji Anil KDr. Banerjee RSh. Ram Prasad TDr. Vethamony PDr. Ramesh Kumar MRSh. Afzalpurkar SDr. Kadam ANDr. Iyer Sridhar DDr. Narvekar PVDr. Ingole BSDr. Joseph Antony KDr. Krishna KSDr. Chaubey Anil KDr. Anil Chandrashekar AMrs. D'Silva ClassyDr. Rao Malleswara MMDr. Achuthankutty ShantaDr. Verlenkar XNDr. Somayajulu YKDr. Subrahmanyam VDr. Ramaswamy VDr. Sadhuram YDr. Borole DVDr. Chauhan OSDr. Prabhu Matondkar SGDr. Mudholkar Abhay VMrs.Jayalakshmi KVDr. Pankajakshan TSh. Suresh TDr. Menezes MariaDr. Jagtap TGSh. Reddy Venkata GSh. Subramanyam AS

Sh. Diwan SGDr. Jauhari PratimaDr. Sarma YVBDr. Shyam Gupta MSh. Bhat SRMrs.Mesquita Analia MB


Sc.EII

FINANCES & HUMAN RESOURCEFINANCES & HUMAN RESOURCE

CSIR BUDGET ALLOCATION vis-a-visExternal Cash Flow during last 3 years

285.4225.8

340.4

229

930.7

241.9

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Rs.

inM

illio

n

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

CSIR GRANT

ECF

91

Sh. Krishnama Charyulu RJMrs.Kaisary SujataSh. Rao Narasimha TVDr. Murty Ramana TVSh. Ashok Kumar KDr. Khadge NHDr. Fernandes AADr. Suryanarayana ASh. BalasubramanianTSh. Reddy Purnachandra NDr. Mascarenhas ADr. Dinesh Kumar PKDr. Sawant SSDr. D'Souza Lizette MSh. Rao Mohan KDr. Sawkar KalidasDr. Muraleedharan PMDr. Sarma KVLNSDr. Wafar MVMDr. Jiyalal Ram MJDr. Unnikrishnan ASDr. Rathod Vijayakumar PDr. Revichandran CSh. Nampoothiri Govindan EDr. Sarkar AnupamDr. Shailaja MS (retired on 30.09.07)Sh. Naik Gajanan PSh. Mascarenhas Antonio AMQDr. Kunte PDSh. Saran AKMrs.Joseph TresiammaDr. Raveendran TVSh. Sarma MSSDr. Rao Prabhakara BSh. Murty GPSDr. Shirodkar PVDr. Sanil Kumar VV

Sh. Menezes Andrew ASh. Navelkar Gajanan SSh. Ilangovan DSh. Madhan RDr. Mohandas CSh. Ambre NVSh. Mislankar PGSh. Jayakumar SeelamSh. Mehra PrakashDr. Doraiswamy ShankarDr. Lakshiminarayana SDr. Velamala S NaiduSh. Sarma PVSSRDr. Sarma VVSS

Sh. Durga Prasad PVSSDr. Nagarajan RDr. Gauns Mangesh UDr. Gonsalves Maria-JudithMrs.Neetu SureshDr. Mazumdar AnindaSh. Sreepada Anantha R

Dr. Bhat Subraya ShankarSh. Sudarshan RMrs. Pereira Maria Brenda LSh. Mani Murali RSh. Kocherla MuralidharDr. Sukumaran SoniyaDr. Ravindran JMs. Cathrine Sumathi JSh. Ray DurbarDr. Kurian SibyDr. Shenoy Damodar MDr. Naik HemaSh. Maurya Pramod KumarDr. Aparna MSh. Suresh IDr. Dewangan PawanDr. Kessarkar Pratima MDr. Dessai Dattesh V




Sc.EI

Sc.C

Sc.B

Sh. Sahu Satya RajanSh. Jaiswar Anirudh Ram SSh. Muraleedharan KRDr. Ravindran CSh. Vadakkeyakath YatheeshDr. Parvathi AMs. Das Merces Joao M HildaDr. Khandeparker Lidita DSDr. Madhu NVDr. Singh Keisham SDr. Dhale Mohan A

Sh. Subramaniam VSh. SundareshDr. Sila TripatiSh. Panneer SelvamSh. Marathe Prakash

Sh. Mathews Chacko P

Mrs.Dias Caroline FMSh. Tengali Suryakant BSh. Mohanan VNSh. Pathak MCSh. Muralinath ASSh. Sonawane AVDr. Gaur Anuruddh SinghSh. Nanyasi SKMrs. Singh KavitaSh. Sharma PrashantSh. Mandalia AVSh. Fernandes BlascoSh. Sundar DamodaranSh. Babu MTDr. Parthiban GDr. Balachandran KKDr. Srinivas KarlapatiSh. Rao Ramalingeswara BSh. Vijay Kumar BSh. Tony J ThottamSh. Almeida Anselmo MSh. Prabaharan NDr. Prakash Babu CSh. Rokade MA

Sh. Kubasad RB

Dr. Chodankar Kalpana

Sh. Sainekar GH

Sh. Premakumar MKSh. Krishnakumar VDr. Alagarsamy RSh. Phadte GMSh. Fernando VijayanSh. Khedekar VDSh. Gracias DGSh. Michael G SelvanSh. Satyanarayana RYSh. Vijayan PRNSh. Gaonkar SSSh. Pednekar PSSh. Pathak KCSh. Raju NSNSh. Walker Gavin ASh. Ganesan PMrs.Simon SojaSh. Naik Davidas KSh. Naik BGSh. Pattanshetti SSDr. Prabha DeviSh. Venkat Krishnamurty P

(retired on 30.09.07)(retired on 31.12.07)


GROUP III

TO-EII

Supt.Engg.(Civil)

TO-EI

Supt.Engg.(Civil)

Lady Medical Officer

Library Officer-E

TO-C

Mrs.Desa Maria AnaSh. Jai Sankar S

Sh. Bachcha Singh

Sh. Patil Manohar PMrs.Nagvekar M SurekhaSh. Mahale Arun YSh. Bandodkar Shrinivas NSh. Moraes Ceasar NRSh. Sardar Areef ASh. Prabhu Girish AnandMrs.Garg AnitaMrs.Lasitha RatnakaranDr. Nair MaheswariSh. Vijayakumar Kanojia

Dr. Fernandes Ivone A

Sh. Phutankar Rajendra P

Sh. Thampi KE

Sh. Reddy Sreenivasulu ChSh. Jawahar Kumar ChSh. Gowthaman R

Sh. Kavlekar Devanand PSh. Prabhudesai Shivanand PSh. Dabholkar Nitin Anil

Sh. Fernandes William AMrs.Gomes Sharon TSh. Methar Anand LSh. Agarvadekar Yogesh VSh. Khalap Sadashiv TSh. Gurudas M TirodkarSh. Vaz Santana CaitanMs. Phatarpenkar VandanaMrs. Bandodkar Sujal SSh. Satelkar Narayan PSh. Jai SinghMs. Gawade Lata GSh. Naik Milind MinanathMrs.Karapurkar Supriya GSh. Kunkolikar Kishan GSh. Das Santosh KumarSh. Sudheesh KSh. Singh Manoranjan PrasadSh. Meena Ram MurtiSh. Kerkar Miliketan S

Sh. Surlekar Manohar

Sh. Luis RAASh. Naik Kamlakant L

Sh. Shirsat Umesh (retired on31.12.07)

Sh. Madaswamy B

Sh. Parmar UAMrs.Prabhu Beena SMrs.Prabhu Geeta SMrs.Ramaswamy Philomena

Exe.Engg.(Electrical)

TO-B

Medical Officer

Asst.Exe.Officer

Library Officer A

TO-A

STA

JTA

Fine Mechanic

STA

Photo.Asst.(Gr.VI)

Technical Assistant

SLA

GROUP II

Group II(4)


92

Sh. Fernandes BrunoSh. Naik RLMrs.Ribeiro Basinda CSh. Gawas Vasant BSh. Mochemadkar Manohar VSh. Mascarenhas Luis SSh. Naik Ganesh NSh. Nair Sivaraman KKSh. Naik Nagvenkar ShyamSh. Mir Hussain SajjadSh. Chauhan Gopal KSh. Gauns FotuSh. Ribeiro MelwinSh. Amaral Jose ANSh. Bhobe Datta Prasad PSh. Rao Koteswara ASh. Prasad Ranga TVSh. Talkatnal YSSh. Prabhu NSitaramSh. Bagde DS

Mrs. FernandesMAngela

Sh. KarelkarLaxman R

Sh. Chorat Baji Rao

Sh. Dhavjekar Maheshwar VSh. Mandrekar Uday DSh. Toraskar Namdev BSh. Kankonkar PJSh. Sasi EK

Mrs.Rodrigues AncySh. Prabhu RK

Sh. Chitari KGSh. Akerkar SGSh. Pawaskar PramodSh. Uchil RSh. Javali Udaykumar

Sh. Naik Baboi N

Sh. Sheikh Ali Karim

Sh. Fernandes Peter P

Sh. Kurle PR

Sh. Gawas Mohammad

Sh. Pednekar Babuso H

Sh. Shirgaunkar Anil V

Sh. Naroji Subhash S

Sh. Mochemadkar Mahesh V

Mrs.Vimalakumari D

Sh. D'Silva Eulalio O

Sh. Nadar Kasi

(deceasedon12.01.08)



Compounder

Plumber

Driver Cum Mechanic

Sr. Deckhand

KPO

Tracer

Staff Car Driver

Photo.Asst.

Fitter

Engine Driver

Mason

Machine Operator

Jr. Technician

Printing Mechanic

Compositor

Technician (Instruments)

Turner

Driver Cum Mechanic

Works Mistry

Carpenter

SLA

Tracer

Works Mistry

Cateloguer

Staff Car Driver

KPO

Technican-C

Nursing Sister

Driver Cum Mechanic

Cook

Guest House Attendant

Technician Gr.II

Staff Car Driver

JLA

Khalasi

Dispatch Rider

Staff Car Driver

Technician Gr.II

Gr. II

Sh. Krishnaiah K

Sh. Naik Gurudas P

Sh. Babu Suri ASh. Monteiro AntonioSh. Dalvi Hanumant S

Sh. Chavan RLSh. Chitari Satish B

Sh. Krishnaiah KSh. Sardessai RB

Sh. Gawas Atmaram K

Sh. John Luis

Sh. Naik Suryakant RSh. Jakhi SPNSh. Dias Mathew

Sh. Sasikumar KL

Mrs.Mochemadkar Kanchan P

Sh. Polichetti N

Sh. Godinho Jose

Sh. Kamat Dattaram S

Ms. Fernandes AidaMrs.Grace Joseph

Sh. Dige Anant ShankerSh. Sable Baban VSh. Chavan Subhash S

Sh. Kulkarni VK

Sh. Shariff Md Bepari

Sh. Poi Venkatesh R

Sh. Braganza Joaquim DSh. Fadte Namdev JSh. Morajkar Nishakant V

Mrs.Venkata Ramana K Ch.

Sh. Manoj P

Group II(3)

Group II(2)

Group II(1)

Group I(4)

Group I(3)

Group I (2)

ADMINISTRATION

Book Binder

Laboratory Attendant

Khalasi

Jr.Gestetnor Operator

Watchman

Laboratory Bearer

Mali

Peon

Helper Gr.A

SLA

Workshop Assistant

Laboratory Attendant

Mali

Helper Gr.A

Laboratory Bearer

Helper Gr.A

Technician

CFA

AO

SPO

Sh. Sirvoikar Chandrakant

Sh. Mustafa Basha Shaik

Sh. Jogle Vithal ASh. Fernandes Aquino TSh. Vijayan P

Sh. George Thomas

Sh. Parsekar SBSh. Mahale Jaidev GSh. Gaonkar HM

Sh. Sheikh YacubSh. Parulekar Atmaram SNSh. D'Souza Francis

Sh. Jamal Sahib MullaSh. Sirvoikar HanumantSh. Gaunco Anant MSh. Vithoba Kundaiker

Sh. Arlekar Pradeep

Sh. Jogle Arjun HSh. Gauns Dinu P

Sh. Patel Babu G

Sh. Sawant Raghunath

Sh. Dongrekar ST

Sh. Keshavappa TMrs.Shirodkar Susheela

Sh. Oza Jayram GSh. Gawas Laxman BSh. Ilyas MdSh. Gawas Monu GSh. Martins Naguesh

Mrs.Geethakumari PG

Sh. Gawade Shivaji D

Sh. Gawas Suresh M

Sh. Sankaran TV

Sh. Paul D'Sousa

Sh. Pant Suresh



(transferred to NIIST)


93

RESEARCH COUNCILHindi Officer

PS

SO(G)

SO(F&A)

SO (S&P)

Asst. (Gr. I)

Asst. (F&A)(Gr. I)

Asst. S&P(Gr.I)

Sr. Steno (ACP)

Sr. Steno

Dr. Singh Umesh Kumar

Ms. Cardoz MilagrinaSh. Sasidharan V

Mrs. MascarenhasNancyMrs.D'Silva Regina MCSh. Fadte SRMs. Shahapurkar MeenaSh. Fernandes Agnello

Sh. Bhaskar Kumar RaviSh. Krishna Kumar M

Sh. Mascarenhas JohnySh. Sanke SG

Shri. Tharawal RSSh. Ghanti SimantaMrs.D'Souza Anna JMrs.Fernandes M FranciscaSh. Kurtarkar Ratnakar SMrs.Lobo Pia GracindaSh. Sivadasan KSh. Vernekar RGSh. Sirvoikar OnuMrs.D'Mello VilmaMrs.Rego Sacramenta MSh. Narvekar Dileep KMrs.Rao SyamalaSh. Verenkar Madan JMrs.D'Costa EdithMrs.Mochemadkar Mamta MMrs.Kala KBSh. Pereira EdwardSh. Cota CaitaninhoSh. Rakesh KumarMs. Fernandes TerezinhaMrs.Fernandes Liberate E

Sh. Date AS (Sh. Murthy VSSh. Naik Umesh BSh. Vijayakumar GMrs.Priolkar Alka

Sh. Rao Siva PVSh. Chodnekar BLSh. Terdalkar Surendra GSh. Mujawar YARMrs.Peshwe MelitaSh. Sukumaran A

Mrs.Radhakrishna KSh. Simon TPMrs.D'Souza Lucinda VSh. Nair PBSh. Bhinge RSMrs.Subramanian GeetaMrs.Veliath LindaMrs.Fernandes Maria Gorette

Sh. Nair Rajagopalan KMrs.Vaz SheilaMrs.Sudhakar AlisonMrs.Korde Vanamala P

(deputation)



retired on 29.02.08)

Mrs.Cardozo CletaMrs.Martins FatimaMs. Alphonso Felecidade

Mrs. Goverdhan Leena Kumari

Mrs.Kelkar Kanti S

Mrs.Fernandes Ita ML

Sh. Maijikar HarishMrs.Fernandes CarminaSh. Lopes CraveiroSh. Hasanwale AshrafSh. Lamani TG

Sh. Mochemadkar Nitin S

Mrs.Savaratkar Minakshi G

Mrs.D'Mello Rosaria EffieSh. Pereira Santosh Rama

Sh. Patil RajaramMrs.Shettigar Sunita

Mrs.Almeida Shanti E

Sh. James P

Sh. Tervankar Rama B

Sh. Pereira Peter

Sh. Gad Surya V

Sh. Toraskar DT

Sh. Gauns Keshav

Sh. Kharde Ramesh TSh. Coelho ReginaldoSh. Fernandes CiriloSh. Dias Ghanashyam

Sh. Gaunco NanuSh. Shirodkar GovindSh. Gonsalves JosephSh. Gauns NaniSh. Martins DakuSh. Gauns Digambar

Sh. Hamza KH

Sh. Kuttikar Mahadev

Sh. Rao Rama DSh. Gupta Dhanilal PSh. Kannan PV

Hindi Translator (Jr.)

Asst. (Gr. II)

Asst. (F&A)(Gr.II)

Asst. S&P(Gr.II)

Asst. (Gr.III)

Asst. (F&A)(Gr.III)

Asst. S&P(Gr.III)

Jr.Steno

Receptionist

Security Asst.

Asst. Halwai (ACP)

Peon (Higher Gr.)

Record Keeper

Asst. Manager

Farash

Bearer(ACP)

Peon (ACP)

Peon

Store Bearer

Tea Maker (ACP)

Admn.(Gr.D)

Tea/Coffee Maker

Wash Boy (ACP)

Kitchen Clerk(ACP)

Watchman

Safaiwala (ACP)

Safaiwala

Jr. Security Guard

Jr. Security Guard (ACP)

Sh. Tuyekar Gopal N

Sh. Appala Raju KSh. Estrocio FrancisSh. Nayaka Ramesh

Mrs.Mary PK

Sh. Gawas PundalikSh. Nair SanelkumaranSh. Singh Omkar R

Sh. TangDevichandCSh. Naik Mahadev HSh. Satelkar SabajiMrs.Martins Noli DMrs.Surlekar Sumitra S

Mrs.Begh SubhadraMrs.Fernandes Luisa MMrs.Sirvoikar MinaxiSh. Gauns BudoSh. Viegas CaitanSh. Khade Ramesh MMrs.Ghanki ShantiSh. Gauns MukundMrs.Mulgaonkar Sangita CMrs.Naik Vijayshree GMrs.Menama Raja DevenSh. Sawant Meghanath LMrs.Gaunco Caveri V

Sh. Vijayan R

Sh. Das Ram Khilavan

(retired on30.04.07)

Short-formsAO

ACP

Asst.

CFA

Exe.

Engg

F&A

JLA

Jr. Steno.

JTA

KPO

Photo. Asst.

PS

Sc.

SLA

SO

S&P

SPO

Sr. Steno.

STA

TO

- Administrative Officer- Assured Career Promotion- Assistant

- Controller of Finance & Accounts- Executive- Engineer- Finance and Accounts

- Junior Laboratory Assistant- Junior Stenographer

- Junior Technical Assistant- Key Punch Operator

- Photographic Assistant- Private Secretary- Scientist- Senior Laboratory Assistant

- Section Officer- Stores and Purchase– Stores and Purchase Officer

– Senior Stenographer– Senior Technical Assistant

Supt.– Superintending- Technical Officer


94

Research Council

Chairman

Members

Dr. P.S. Goel

Prof. J. Srinivasan

Dr. Malay Mahadevia

Prof. G.C. Mishra

Dr. S. Kathiroli

Dr. R.P. Bajpai

Dr. D.M. Kale

Dr. P.K. Biswas

SecretaryMinistry of Earth ScienceMahasagar Bhavan, Block-12CGO Complex, Lodi Road,New Delhi – 110 003

Chairman

Centre for Atmospheric and

Oceanic Sciences

Indian Institute of Science

Bangalore – 560 012

CEOGujarat Adani Port Ltd.Adani House, Navrangpura,Ahmedabad -380 009

DirectorNational Centre for Cell ScienceNCCS Complex, GaneshkhindPune – 411 007

DirectorNational Institute of OceanTechnologyVelacherry – Tambaran Main RoadNarayanapuramChennai – 601 302.

Vice ChancellorGuru Jambheshwar University ofScience and TechnologyHisar – 125 001

Executive Director, R&DOil & Natural Gas CorporationChief Engineer Centre,5th to 15th Floor, South Tower,Scope Minar, Lakshmi NagarDelhi – 110 092

ConsultantRecruitment and AssessmentBoard (RAB)CSIR Complex, Library Avenue,Pusa, New Delhi – 110012

Dr. V.P. Dimri

Dr. Naresh Kumar

Dr. S.R. Shetye

Dr. M. Shyam Prasad

Dr. S.R. Shetye

Dr. T. Chakraborty

Dr. M.D. Rajagopal

Dr. P.S. Rao

Dr. V.V. Sanilkumar

Dr. (Mrs.) Siby Kurian

Mrs. Maria Ana Desa

Shri T.V. Sankaran

Shri Paul D'Souza

DirectorNational Geophysical ResearchInstituteUppal RoadHyderabad – 500 007

HeadR & D and Planning DivisionCSIR,Rafi Marg,New Delhi – 110001

DirectorNational Institute of OceanographyDona Paula, Goa – 403004

ScientistNational Institute of OceanographyDona Paula, Goa – 403004

Director

Sci, `G', NEERI, Nagpur

Sci, `F'

Sci, `F'

Sci, `E-I'

Sci. `B'

TO `B'

COFA

A.O.

Secretary

Chairman

Members

Member-Secretary

Management Council

Shri G.C. BhattacharyaSci, `F'

RESEARCH COUNCILRESEARCH COUNCIL

95

Regional Centres

Mumbai

Visakhapatnam

Kochi

Mr. R.V. Sarma

Dr. V.S.N. Murty

Dr. N. Bahulayan

Scientist-in-Charge

Scientist-in-Charge

Scientist-in-Charge

National Institute of Oceanography Regional Centre,Lokhandwala Road, Four Bungalows, Andheri (West),Mumbai – 400 053

:91(0)22-26359605Fax :91(0)22-26364627e-mail :[email protected]

National Institute of Oceanography Regional Centre,176, Lawsons Bay Colony,Visakhapatnam - 530 017

91(0)891-2539180Fax :91(0)891-2543595e-mail :[email protected]

National Institute of Oceanography Regional Centre,Dr. Salim Ali Road, P.B. No. 1913,Kochi - 682 018

91(0)484-2390814Fax :91(0)484-2390618e-mail :[email protected]

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Headquarters

Goa

Dr. S.R. Shetye

Director

National Institute of Oceanography,Dona Paula, Goa – 403 004

: 91(0)832-2450 450Fax : 91(0)832-2450602 to 609e-mail : [email protected] : http://www.nio.org/

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