Akhil Chibber B.Plan 7th Semester 29th August 2014

Acknowledgement

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to Mr. Hameed Ahmed Wani(CTP Jammu) who gave me the golden opportunity to work on a live project of Jammu Development Authority(JDA), based on housing development . I am also very thankful to Mr. Yashpal who guided me duing this project.While working on this project I came to know about so many new things I am really thankful to them. Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents and my department Amity School of Architecture & Planning(ASAP) who helped me a lot in finishing this project within the limited time. This project gave me excellent opportunity to enhance my knowledge in practical planning field.

Abstract

During my Summer internship, I have worked on the Housing Colony Project of Jammu Development Authority(JDA) by doing a case study on their upcoming Housing Colony which is Birpur Housing Colony. The aim of study is to make an alternative plan for the Birpur Housing Colony, JDA by overcoming the identified issues. The objective of this project is to make a self sustained housing colony as per UDPFI guidelines provision of following services is mandtory at the time of planning or developing a site. These services are:- residential area(group housing as well as plotted development), commercial area, green area including parks as well as green belt, public/semi-public including primary schools & dispensary etc within the Housing Colony. In the existing plan of JDA, issues were identified which were filally overcomed in the alternative Land Use plan for Birpur Housing Colony.

Contents1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................5

1.1 Urbanization in India...................................................................................................................5

1.2 Housing need in Urban Area........................................................................................................6

Aim:...................................................................................................................................................7

Objectives:........................................................................................................................................7

Justification of the topic:..................................................................................................................7

Scope:................................................................................................................................................8

Limitation:.........................................................................................................................................8

2. Methodology.................................................................................................................................8

Housing Scenario in Jammu & Kashmir..............................................................................................9

Background of Jammu.....................................................................................................................10

About Jammu Development Authority (JDA)...............................................................................10

Study Area- Birpur...........................................................................................................................11

Birpur Housing Colony(587 Kanal)...............................................................................................11

Comparison of different Plans.....................................................................................................12

3.Results & Discussions.......................................................................................................................12

3.1 Existing Land Use Plan by Jammu Development Authority.....................................................12

Site Analysis(587 Kanal)...............................................................................................................12

Planning and Critique of the Plan................................................................................................13

Issues...........................................................................................................................................13

Recommendation........................................................................................................................14

3.2 Revised Land Use Plan..............................................................................................................14

Site Analysis.................................................................................................................................15

Explanation of Plan......................................................................................................................15

Issues Being solved......................................................................................................................16

4. Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................16

5. Future Prospects.............................................................................................................................17

6. References.......................................................................................................................................17

Table of Fiqure

Figure 1 Urbanization Growth in India.........................................................................................................Figure 2 Housing need in Urban Area..........................................................................................................Figure 3 Housing Shortage...........................................................................................................................Figure 4 State-wise housing shortage in 2012.............................................................................................Figure 5 Existing Site(2014).......................................................................................................................Figure 6 Existing Land Use plan by Jammu Development Authority(JDA).................................................Figure 7......................................................................................................................................................Figure 8 Alternative Land Use Housing plan..............................................................................................Figure 9 Alternative Detailed Layout plan.................................................................................................Figure 10....................................................................................................................................................

1. Introduction

1.1 Urbanization in India

Urbanisation in India was mainly caused after independence, due to adoption of mixed system of

economy by the country which gave rise to the development of private sector. Urbanisation is

taking place at a faster rate in India. Population residing in urban areas in India, according to

1901 census, was 11.4%. This count increased to 28.53% according to 2001 census, and

crossing 30% as per 2011 census, standing at 31.16%. According to a survey by UN State of the

World Population report in 2007, by 2030, 40.76% of country's population is expected to reside in

urban areas.  Mumbai saw large scale rural-urban migration in the 21st century. Mumbai

accommodates 12.5 million people, and is the largest metropolis by population in India, followed

by Delhi with 11 million inhabitants. Witnessing the fastest rate of urbanisation in the world, as

per 2011 census, Delhi's population rose by 4.1%, Mumbai's by 3.1% and Kolkata's by 2% as

per 2011 census compared to 2001 census. Estimated population, at the current rate of growth,

by year 2015, Mumbai stands at 25 million, Delhiand Kolkata at 16 million

each, Chennai, Bangalore and Hyderabad at 10 million (Wikipedia, 2014).

Figure 1 Urbanization Growth in India

1.2 Housing need in Urban Area

With the increasing population in urban areas has

finally resulted in an increase in the number of people

living in slums & squatter settlements. The increasing

land prices in urban areas made the people of

Economic Weaker Section(EWS) to occupy slums

creating congestion. The housing shortage in India

consists of a wide gap between the demand & supply

of housing. According to a report by Ministry of

Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation(MHUPA), India’s

urban housing shortage is estimated at 18.78 million

households in 2012. The report also highlights that

around 1 million households are living in katcha houses while half a million are in homeless

condition. (NAREDCO, 2014)

Figure 3 Housing Shortage, India

Figure 4 State-wise housing shortage in 2012

Figure 2 Housing need in Urban Area

Aim: To make an alternative Land Use plan for Birpur Housing Colony, Jammu

Objectives: 1. To study the existing Land Use plan of Jammu Development Authority(JDA)2. To identify the issues & gap in the existing Land Use plan of Jammu Development

Authority(JDA)3. To give an alternative modified Land Use plan for Birpur Housing Colony, Jammu

Justification of the topic:Jammu is the largest city in the state of Jammu & Kashmir situated on the banks of Tawi river. It is a municipal corporation. Though the city lack proper byelaws as per UDPFI guidelines. So, there is a need to redevelop the existing Land Use Plan in an orderly manner. The aim on making the alternative plan is to improve infrastructure and land utilization. An alternative planned approach for the physical improvements shall directly contribute to the economic and social well being of the people living and working in the settlement area. Providing facilities with proper utilization of land so as to minimize the issues. Moreover such a forward looking plan and the ensuing development may contribute to the State as a whole in its development.

Scope:1. Study of existing Land Use2. Identification of Issues3. Giving an alternative Land Use plan for Birpur Housing Colony,JDA

Limitation:In Jammu, new Housing Colonies have been proposed by Jammu Development Authority(JDA) in Gole Gujral, Nagrota, birpur & Bhagwati Nagar. These projets are being introduced and executed to provide affordable housing to people. Due to time constraint, I was not been able to analyse the plan of all housing colonies. The plan of Birpur housing colony was only reviewed and revised by me.

2.MethodologyThe methodology adopted for the completion of this project is divided into the following phases:

Phase 1:

Data Collection of existing Land Use plan, site analysis and other primary data from Jammu Development Authority(JDA) related to the project.

Phase 2:

In this phase the data being collected would be analysed thoroughly so as to determine the issues in the existing Land Use plan of Jammu Development Authority(JDA).

Phase 3:

The last phase of this project would comprise of making an alternative Land Use plan by overcoming the issues being identified.

Housing Scenario in Jammu & Kashmir Th population of J & K state according to 2001 Census is above 1 crore with a decadal growth of 29%. In 1981, average person living per house were 7-8 in approx. 82 lakh houses. In Srinagar city, for a population of 12 lakh in 2000, 1.5 lak houses were required at the rate 8 person/plot against which 13,163 plots/flat were provided by the Government Housing Cooperatives have contributed to 0.02% totalling to 9%. Remaining 91% of residential stock has been built by the general public in the city in an unplanned manner resulting in growth og slums, haphazard development & lack of urban infrastructure. Housing problem in Srinagar is growing where urban agglomeration lies between 15-24 person/household & in 37 Mohallas between 12-15 persons/household. Approx. 43% houses in srinagar have 2, 3 & more households. (Ashraf, 2014)

A population of 5 lakh live in 1114 hectare only which works out to 450 persons/hectare against the UDPFI standard of 175 persons/hectare i.e. maximum for Metro cities. Thus, an area of 1114 hectares should have a maximum population of 2 lakh. Removal of congestion of 3 lakh population is the existing problem of housing shortage, which will need additional 37,500 plots at the rate 8 persons/plot against the existing 9.45 persons/house. Thereby the housing demand will be growing continuesly over the next 2 decade.

As per Srinagar Master Plan(2000-21), 1,37,500 plots shall be needed for 11 lak additional residential population. (Govt. of J & K, 2014)

Background of Jammu

Jammu is the largest city in Jammu & Kashmir situated on the bank of Tawi River. Jammu is also known as the "City of Temples" owing to the number of historical temples and domes of old mosques located within the city.

Jammu is located at 32.73°N 74.87°E.It has an average elevation of 327 m (1,073 ft). Jammu city lies at uneven ridges of low heights at the Shivalik hills. It is surrounded by Shivalik range to the north, east and southeast while the Trikuta Range surrounds it in the north-west. It is approximately 600 kilometres (370 mi) from the national capital, New Delhi.

Connectivity

The city of Jammu is having connectivity with other towns and cities by the mode of railway, air, road and local transport(JKSRTC)

(Wikipedia, 2014)

About Jammu Development Authority (JDA)

The Jammu Development Authority was constituted in 1970, under the J & K Development Act No. XIX of 1970.

It was transferred as a resource all the vacant land located within 13 km radius of the Jammu city. With this land bank & a handful of humar resource, JDA started its odyssey to manage the land, develop it to create better infrastructure & in the process catering to the needs & demands of the fast expanding Jammu urban area. Over the years it succeeded in creating significant infrastructure, commercial & office complexes,

residential colonies, parks & green belts with statues & institutions of art. It is also prepared Master Plans of the Jammu City. (JDA Jammu, 2014)

List of existing housing colonies in Jammu(Authorized by Jammu Development Authoprity)

1. Channi Himmat Housing Colony2. Trikuta Nagar Housing Colony3. Bantalab Housing Colony4. Roop Nagar Housin Colony5. Bahu Fort Housing Colony6. E.W.S Colony opposite Roop Nagar Housing Colony7. Janipur Housing Colony8. Panchvati Apartments – Flats near Nanak nagar

In Jammu, there are 8 Housing Colonies being advertized by JDA (JMC, 2014)

Study Area- Birpur

Birpur is a Village at Vijaypur Tehsil in Samba District of Jammu & Kashmir State, India. It

is located 10 KM towards west from District head quarters Samba. 198 KM from State

capital Srinagar, Jammu. Birpur Pin code is 181133 and postal head office is Bari

Brahmna .Birpur is surrounded by Samba Tehsil towards East , Purmandal Tehsil towards

west , Bishnah Tehsil towards west , Ghagwal Tehsil towards East .

Jammu , Udhampur , Kathua , Sujanpur are the nearby Cities to Birpur.

Connectivity

By Rail

Vijiypur Jammu Rail Way Station are the very nearby railway stations to Birpur. How ever Jammu Tawi Rail Way Station is major railway station 22 KM near to Birpur (One Five Nine,2014)

Birpur Housing Colony(587 Kanal)

Figure 5 Existing Site(2014)

Comparison of different Plans

3.Results & Discussions

3.1 Existing Land Use Plan by Jammu Development Authority

Figure 6 Existing Land Use plan by Jammu Development Authority(JDA)

Site Analysis(587 Kanal)

The site i.e. Birpur Housing Colony is being setup to make a self sustained housing colony including all the basic amenities and infrastructure being required by the people. It includes parks, playgrounds, schools, dispensaries, shops etc. The Land Use plan of the colony includes residential area, commercial area, public/semi-public, recretional area. The residential development in the site includes plotted development as well as group housing. The area of plotted development in the housing colony is 206.5 Kanal whereas the area of group housing is 36.75 Kanal. Plotted development includes 130 MIG Plots(40”*80”), 323 LIG Plots(30”*60”) and 335 EWS Plots(25”*50”) combining to form a total area of 206.5 Kanals The Commercial is situated with the railway line in the entrance of the housing colony having an area of 46.54 Kanals. In this housing colony parks and playgrounds are being provided consuming an area of 9.25 Kanal. The basic amenities and infrastructure being required by the people including schools, dispensaries, shops, health centres etc. Come under public/semi-public which covers an area of 19.24 Kanal. There are 2 types of circulation ropads in this colony i.e. 30” road and 60” road both covering 258.35 Kanals. These all were the area being consumed under the Land Use of the site area. Outside the site area is a Large green belt(65.09 Kanal) & a Naalah(255.85 Kanal).

Land Use Area(in Kanals) Percentage(%)Residential Area 243.25 41.43Commericial Area 46.54 7.94Public/Semi-Public 19.24 3.38Recreational Area 9.25 1.57Area of Roads 268.72 45.68

Figure 7

Planning and Critique of the Plan

The site(Birpur Housing Colony) is connected with a railway line. The Colony is being made with the motive of affordable housing thereby consisting of 3 types of plots namely MIG(Middle Income Group), LIG(Lower Income Group), and EWS(Economic Weaker Section). The commericial area is situated at the entrance of the site there by starting with MIG Plots with the maximum cost being directly connected with the commercial centre & the close connectivity with the railway station. The plotted development is done on the basis of its connectivity with the railway line and commercial centre. After the MIG plots, development of LIG plots and at the last EWS. EWS is having far connectivity with the railway line because of its low cost . So, MIG are being given place close to the railway station and commercial centre beacuse of high cost. At the end after EWS is placed an area for group housing. Area of group housing is being provided at the end of the site due to there height which would intrupt if they were placed in the entrance of the site.

Issues

In the residential colony, 2 types of roads are being provided i.e. 60” and 30” roads. Outside the EWS plots, 60” road is being provided which is larger than the plots size(25”*50”). This area of road is wasted which can be utilized for increasing the number of EWS plots. Due to this 60” road in front of EWS plots, extra size road is provided thereby resulting in utilizing more area for roads.

60” road is being provided for direct connectivity with the outer area without going inside the sector. The positioning of plots is not correct because there are 31 opening points of the plots towards the 60” road which would result in increasing traffic congestion and increasing rate of accident level. The total residential of the colony is 41.43% which is below the UDPFI standard that is min. 45% in case of a housing colony og area 587 Kanal. So, the number of plots i.e. the residential area is very less(41.43%) as compared to the min. UDPFI standard(45%). There are 31 T- Junctions in the plotted development one after the other which would create a huge traffic mess and increase in the rate of accident level.

Therefore, there is a need to make an alternative Land Use plan to overcome all these issues and make the plan more practical.

Recommendation

Increase in residential area to meet the min. UDPFI standard i.e. 45% Reducing the opening points towards the 60” road to minimize the traffic and

accident level Increase in number of plots instead of providing 60” road which is larger than EWS

plots(25”*50”). Reducing the number of T-Junctions one after the other to as much distance as

possible to minimize the accident level and traffic congestion.

3.2 Revised Land Use Plan

Figure 8 Alternative Land Use Housing plan

Figure 9 Alternative Detailed Layout plan

-Detailed Layout Plan

Site Analysis

This is an alternative Land Use plan for the Birpur Housing Colony. This Land Use plan is also being made with the concept of a self sustained housing colony having all the basic facilities, amenities and infrastructure to the people. It provides parks, playgrounds, schools, primary health centres, dispensary, green belt etc. The Land Use plan includes Residential Area, Commercial area, recreational area, public/semi-public. The residential development in the site includes plotted development as well as group housing. The area of plotted development in the housing colony is 304.33 Kanal whereas the area of group housing is 36.75 Kanal. Plotted development includes 120 MIG Plots(40”*80”), 430 LIG Plots(30”*60”) and 362 EWS Plots(25”*50”) combining to form a total area of 206.5 Kanals The Commercial is situated with the railway line in the entrance of the housing colony having an area of 56.91 Kanals. In this housing colony parks and playgrounds are being provided consuming an area of 15.49 Kanal. The basic amenities and infrastructure being required by the people including schools, dispensaries, shops, health centres etc. Come under public/semi-public which covers an area of 13.43 Kanal. There are 2 types of circulation roads in this colony i.e. 25” road and 60” road both covering 170.46 Kanals. The 60” roads consume 47.24 Kanals of area while the 25” road consumes 123.22 Kanals. These all were the area being consumed under the Land Use of the site area. Outside the site area is a Large green belt(65.09 Kanal) & a Naalah(255.85 Kanal).

Land Use Area(in Kanals) Percentage(%)Residential Area 341.08 58.1Commericial Area 46.54 7.94Public/Semi-Public 13.43 2.28Recreational Area 15.49 2.64Area of Roads 170.46 29.04

Figure 10

Explanation of Plan

This colony is being made on the concept of a self sustained housing colony including all the basic services, amenities and infrastucture required by the people including parks, playgrounds, primary health centres, dispensaries, schools etc. The site is connected with a railway line. The Colony is being made with the motive of affordable housing thereby consisting of 3 types of plots namely MIG(Middle Income Group), LIG(Lower Income Group), and EWS(Economic Weaker Section). The commericial area is situated in the entrance of the site there by starting with MIG Plots with the maximum cost being directly connected with the commercial centre & the close connectivity with the railway station. The plotted development is done on the basis of its connectivity with the railway line and commercial centre. After the MIG plots, development of LIG plots and at the last EWS. EWS is having far connectivity with the railway line because of its low cost . So, MIG are being given close connectivity to the railway line and commercial centre beacuse of high cost. At the end after EWS is placed an area for group housing. Area of group housing is being provided at the end of the site due to there height which would intrupt if they were placed in the entrance of the site.

Issues Being solved

In new Land Use plan, 2 types of roads have been provided i.e. 25” road & 60” road. 60” road have been provided for direct connectivity with the outer area without going inside the sector. Outside the EWS plots, 25” road have been provided instead of 60” which was larger than the plot size. With the decrease in road width, it lead to the increase in number of EWS plots. The positioning of plots is changed. The opening points of the plots towards the 60” road are reduced from 31 opening points to 10 thereby decreasing traffic congestion and accedent level. The minimum standard of UDPFI guidelines i.e. min. 45% residential area is being achieved by increasing the residential area from 41.43% to 58.1%. The residential area in increased by dcreasing the roads and providing proper road connectivity. The T-Junctions one after the other are reduced to as low as possible resulting in reduced traffic congestion and accident rate.

4. ConclusionThe issues of Land Use plan by the Jammu Development Authority(JDA) were taken into consideration while making the alternative Land Use plan for Birpur Housing Colony. To increasing the residential i.e. to reach the UDPFI standard, the road width was decreased where it was sufficent to meet the demand. By decreasing the road width and changing the orientation of the plots, the residential area was increased and meet the UDPFI minimum standard(45%). The alternative Land Use plan focuced on increasing the residential area i.e. number of plots, decreasing the opening points and changing the orientation of the plots so as to reduce the traffic congestion and accident rate.

5. Future ProspectsThe empty site has been provided (36.75 Kanal) for group housing that can be developed in to cater the increasing housing demand of the city.

6. References(2014, August Friday). Retrieved from Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanisation_in_India

(2014, August Thursday). Retrieved from Govt. of J & K: http://www.jkdirinf.in/NewsDescription.aspx?ID=5203

(2014, August Tuesday). Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu

(2014, August Thursday). Retrieved from JDA Jammu: http://www.jdajammu.in/

(2014, August Wednesday). Retrieved from JMC: http://jkhudd.gov.in/

(2014, August Monday). Retrieved from One Five Nine: http://www.onefivenine.com/india/villages/Samba/Vijaypur/Birpur

Ashraf. (2014, August Tuesday). Retrieved from Kashmir Forum: http://kashmirforumorg.blogspot.in/2012/02/housing-needs-in-j.html

NAREDCO. (2014, August Wednesday). Retrieved from Housing India: www.kpmg.com/IN/en/.../Urban-housing-shortage-in-India.pdf

www.wikipedia.com. (2014, August Monday).