acids, bases, & salts what is an acid? ph less than 7 neutralizes bases forms h + ions in...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Acids, Bases, &
Salts
![Page 2: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is an ACID?• pH less than 7• Neutralizes bases• Forms H
+ ions in solution
• Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen gas
• Good conductors of electricity
![Page 3: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Acids Generate Ions
HNO3 + H2O H3O+ + NO3
![Page 4: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Weak vs. Strong Acids
• Weak Acids do not ionize completely: Acetic, Boric, Nitrous, Phosphoric, Sulfurous
• Strong Acids ionize completely: Hydrochloric, Nitric; Sulfuric, Hydriodic
![Page 5: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Common Acids • HCl- hydrochloric- stomach acid
• H2SO4- sulfuric acid - car batteries
• HNO3 – nitric acid - explosives
• HC2H3O2- acetic acid - vinegar
• H2CO3-carbonic acid – sodas
• H3PO4- phosphoric acid -flavorings
![Page 6: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What is a BASE?
• pH greater than 7• Feels slippery• Dissolves fats and oils• Usually forms OH- ions in
solution• Neutralizes acids
![Page 8: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Weak vs. Strong Bases
• Weak Bases: ammonia; potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate
• Strong Bases: sodium hydroxide; sodium phosphate; barium hydroxide; calcium hydroxide
![Page 9: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Common Bases
• NaOH- sodium hydroxide (LYE) soaps, drain cleaner
• Mg (OH)2 - magnesium hydroxide-antacids
• Al(OH)3-aluminum hydroxide-antacids, deodorants
• NH4OH-ammonium hydroxide- “ammonia”
![Page 10: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Types of Acids and Bases
• In the 1800’s chemical concepts were based on the reactions of aqueous solutions.
• Svante Arrhenius developed a concept of acids and bases relevant to reactions in H2O.
• Arrhenius acid – produces hydrogen ions in water.• Arrhenius base – produce hydroxide ions in water.
![Page 11: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
A broader ,more modern concept of acids and bases was developed later.
Bronsted-Lowry acid- donates a hydrogen ion in a reaction.
Bronsted – Lowry base – accepts a hydrogen in a reaction.
![Page 12: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Conjugate acid- compound formed when an base gains a hydrogen ion.
• Conjugate base – compound formed when an acid loses a hydrogen ion.
![Page 13: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
pH Scale
![Page 14: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
pH of Common Substances
Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 335
![Page 15: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Reactions with indicators
Indicator Acid color
Neutral color
Base color
Phenolphthalein Colorless Faint pink Dark pink
Bromthymol blue
Yellow Green Blue
Litmus Red ----- Blue
![Page 16: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
pH paper
• pH paper changes color to indicate a specific pH value.
![Page 17: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Buffers
• A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acids and bases are added.
![Page 18: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Situations in which pH is controlled
• “Heartburn”
• Planting vegetables and flowers
• Fish Tanks and Ponds
• Blood
• Swimming pools
![Page 19: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Acids and Bases in Solution• HCl + H20 H3O + + Cl-
(more hydronium ions, more acidic)
• NaOH in water Na+ + OH-
(more hydroxide ions, more basic)
• NaOH + HCl NaCl + HOH Acid + Base yields type of salt and water
• NH3 + H20 NH4+ + OH- ammonia
gas + water yields ammonium and hydroxide ions
![Page 20: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Acid Rain
Pollution in the air (sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide) combines with water to form various acids.
.
![Page 21: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Rapid changes in pH can kill fish and other organisms in lakes and streams.Soil pH is affected and can kill plants and create sinkholes
![Page 22: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
What is a SALT?• A salt is a neutral substance produced from the
reaction of an acid and a base.• Composed of the negative ion of an acid and the
positive ion of a base.• One of the products of a Neutralization Reaction
• Examples: KCl, MgSO4, Na3PO4
![Page 26: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Neutralization Reaction
• A neutralization reaction is the reaction of an acid with a base to produce salt and water.
• Example
H2SO4 + NaOH NaHSO4 + H2O
![Page 27: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Digestion and pH
• Digestion-process by which foods are broken down into simpler substances.
• Mechanical digestion-physical process in which food is torn apart (mouth)
• Chemical digestion- chemical reactions in which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules. (stomach and small intestines)
![Page 28: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
pH in the Digestive System
• Mouth-pH around 7. Saliva contains amylase, an enzyme which begins to break carbohydrates into sugars.
• Stomach- pH around 2. Proteins are broken down into amino acids by the enzyme pepsin.
• Small intestine-pH around 8. Most digestion ends. Small molecules move to bloodstream toward cells that use them
![Page 29: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
mouth
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
Digestive system
![Page 30: Acids, Bases, & Salts What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062511/55158be255034691418b58ac/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Acids, Bases, and Salts
The End