acids and bases. what is an acid? an acid is a substance (compound) that contains an h+ ion attached...
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![Page 1: Acids and bases. What is an ACID? An acid is a substance (compound) that contains an H+ ion attached to it. This is really a “loose” definition. Not entirely](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc55503460f94ab9780/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Acids and bases
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What is an ACID?
• An acid is a substance (compound) that contains an H+ ion attached to it.
This is really a “loose” definition. Not entirely accurate but not entirely false either!
Examples
HCl – Hydrochloric acid
HNO3 – Nitric acid
HBr – Bromic acid
CH3COOH – Acetic acid
Notice all the Hydrogens!
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Properties of acids
• Acids react with metal• Have sour taste (lemon
juice, vinegar)• Acids neutralize bases Metal and acid reaction
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Examples of acids
HCl – Hydrochloric acid –
• Found in stomach
HNO3 - Nitric acid
• Used in making explosives
H2SO4 – Sulfuric acid
HF – Hydrofluoric acid
CH3COOH – Acetic acid (vinegar)
• Weak acid
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What is an BASE?
• A base is a substance (compound) that contains an OH- ion attached to it.
This is really a “loose” definition. Not entirely accurate but not entirely false either!
Examples
NaOH – Sodium hydroxideKOH – Potassium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2 – Calcium hydroxide
NH3 - Ammonia
Notice all the Hydroxides!!
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Properties of bases
• Slippery to touch (like soap!)
• Have bitter taste (like soap!
• Neutralizes acids
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Examples of bases
NaOH – Sodium hydroxide - lye
• Found in Pipe cleaners (Draino)
KOH – Potassium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2 Calcium Hydroxide
NH3 Ammonia -
• Weak acid
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Reaction between base and acid (Neutralization)
• When acid and base react with each other, they will neutralize each other.
• What does that mean?– The double displacement reaction creates water
and a salt– A salt is when a positive ion and negative ion joins
together without a H+
Need to know basis
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![Page 10: Acids and bases. What is an ACID? An acid is a substance (compound) that contains an H+ ion attached to it. This is really a “loose” definition. Not entirely](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dc55503460f94ab9780/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Examples of neutralization reactions
NaOH + HCl NaCl + HOH (H2O)
HCl + KOH KCl + HOH (H2O)
Double Displacement!
Double Displacement!
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Measuring acidity of a substance
• A pH scale was developed to rate the amount of hydrogen in a solution
• pH stands for Power of Hydrogen, where each step up is 10x more powerful than the previous.
• pH scale ranges from 0 – 14 where 7 is neutral (where water is found
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The bigger the number on the pH scale, the more basic it is.The smaller the number on the pH scale, the more acidic it is.
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Testing the pH• Indicators are used to test the pH of a solution• Examples:– Litmus paper– Phenolphthalein– Universal indicator
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Litmus paper• Litmus Paper:– Comes in blue and red– Blue means basic– Red means acidic
• Phenolphthalein:– P A C
–Phenolphthalein is Acid when Colourless– Otherwise it is pink from pH > 8
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Fin