acids and bases chemistry lowell high school 2006-2007 2/20/07 to …
TRANSCRIPT
Acids and Bases
ChemistryLowell High School 2006-2007
2/20/07 to …
Agenda
FYI’s Reading Report Acids/Bases Preamble 8
Tuesday, February 20, 2007
FYI
RLog 16 TODAY Quiz (chap 15) 2/23 Friday QP 16 (1-49 odd) 3/2 Friday Garden Project 3/5 Monday
(look online)
RLog 10/14 3/12 Monday
Tuesday, February 20, 2007
Reading Log Report On your whiteboard, construct a reading
report for chapter 16 (10 min) Include 3 bullet points and cite section #
Interconnected Interesting
Incomprehensible Clarification
Tuesday, February 20, 2007
Important
Acids/Bases Acid = produces hydrogen (donor) Base = accepts hydrogen (acceptor)
Acidity and Basicity are measured using the pH/pOH scales (range 0-14)
pH = – log [H+] pOH = – log [OH-] pOH + pH = 14 [H+][OH-] = 1 x 10-14
Tuesday, February 20, 2007
Preamble 8Determine the pH of 100.0 mL of a
1.00 M HCl solution. Suppose you double the volume of the
solution by adding water. What is the new pH? You double the volume once more with water. What is the new pH? If you continue to add more water, what is the maximum pH that can be reached? Explain your answer.
Tuesday, February 20, 2007
Agenda FYI’s Acid/BasePreamble 8Water’s EquilibriumNeutralization Preamble 9
Wednesday, February 21, 2007
FYI
Quiz (chap 15) 2/23 Friday QP 16 (1-49 odd) 3/2 Friday Garden Project 3/5 Monday
(look online)
RLog 10/14 3/12 Monday
Wednesday, February 21, 2007
Acids/Bases Acid = produces hydrogen (donor) Base = accepts hydrogen (acceptor)
Acidity and Basicity are measured using the pH/pOH scales (range 0-14)
pH = – log [H+] pOH = – log [OH-] pOH + pH = 14 [H+][OH-] = 1 x 10-14
Wednesday, February 21, 2007
Preamble 8Determine the pH of 100.0 mL of a
1.00 M HCl solution. Suppose you double the volume of the
solution by adding water. What is the new pH? You double the volume once more with water. What is the new pH? If you continue to add more water, what is the maximum pH that can be reached? Explain your answer.
Wednesday, February 21, 2007
Water’s Equilibrium Water is ALWAYS in equilibrium
with itself according to the following equation:
2H2O H3O+ + OH-
The equilibrium constant for this reaction is called Kw = 1.0 x 10-14
Kw = ion product constantWednesday, February 21, 2007
Neutralization When an acid and base are put
together, they will neutralize each other.
If the acid and base contain H and OH, the reaction will form water.
H3O+ + OH- 2H2O
Wednesday, February 21, 2007
Preamble 9 A Lowell student is trying to neutralize 90.0
mL of a 0.400 M solution of the strong base, Sodium hydroxide so he can put it down the drain.
He adds 30.0 mL of a 1.75 M solution of nitric acid. He then adds 240.0 mL of water.
Will the resulting solution be neutral? What will the [H+] and pH be? What is the [OH-] and pOH? Would the solution turn litmus pink?
Wednesday, February 21, 2007
Agenda FYI’s Conjugate Acid/Base Indicators
Thursday, February 22, 2007
FYI
Quiz (chap 15) 2/23 Friday QP 16 (1-49 odd) 3/2 Friday Garden Project 3/5 Monday
(look online)
RLog 10/14 3/12 Monday
Thursday, February 22, 2007
Conjugate Acid/Base Pairs To find the conjugate base of an
acid, remove one H To find the conjugate acid of a
base, add one H Find the conjugate acid/base for
the following: H2SO4, C2H3O2
-, NH3, HBr, NaOH
Thursday, February 22, 2007
Indicators Indicators INDICATE pH via color As the pH of the solution changes,
the indicator molecule reacts to the presence of H+ by rearranging itself and forming a different color.
There is no “standard” color for each pH. Red is not always acid, blue is not always base
Thursday, February 22, 2007
Agenda FYI’s Quiz Conjugate Acid/Base Indicator Lab
Friday, February 23, 2007
FYI
Quiz (chap 15) TODAY QP 16 (1-49 odd) 3/2
Friday Garden Project 3/5 Monday
(look online)
RLog 10/14 3/12 Monday
Friday, February 23, 2007
Conjugate Acid/Base Pairs To find the conjugate base of an
acid, remove one H To find the conjugate acid of a
base, add one H Find the conjugate acid/base for
the following: H2SO4, C2H3O2
-, NH3, HBr, NaOH
Friday, February 23, 2007
Indicator Lab Questions1. Draw a color line for each of the
indicators in the lab (one end = acidic, other = basic)
2. Compare the color lines to the ones in the book on page 520.
3. Why did the Bromothymol Blue solution turn yellow? What was the reaction?
4. What have you learned about indicators? What were some of the differences between the indicators?
Friday, February 23, 2007
Agenda FYI’s Indicator Lab Finish (10
min) Garden Project Buffers Normality Preamble 10
Monday, February 26, 2007
FYI
QP 16 (1-49 odd) 3/2 Friday
Garden Project 3/5 Monday (look online)
RLog 10/14 3/12 Monday
Monday, February 26, 2007
Acid/Base Lab Questions: (I saw/ I thought)
1. Draw a color line for each of the indicators in the lab (one end = acidic, other = basic)2. Compare the color lines to the ones in the book on page 520. 3. Why did the Bromothymol Blue solution turn yellow? What was the reaction?4. What have you learned about indicators? What were some of the differences between the indicators?
Monday, February 26, 2007
Garden Project Garden center informational brochure Tri-fold, HANDWRITTEN/DRAWN 4 parts that must be included “Documents A-D” are there for your
reference. You may also use web sources if you need more help
Suggestions: Lay out a mock brochure on notebook paper
before making a final version on nice paper Use pens/markers instead of pencil for impact
Monday, February 26, 2007
Buffers A buffer is a mixture of a weak acid
and its conjugate base The conjugate base is typically
balanced with the presence of an alkali or alkaline earth metal (Groups 1/2)
If a base is added, it will react with the weak acid
If an acid is added, it will react with the conjugate base
Monday, February 26, 2007
Strong vs. Weak Acids Weak acids:
HNO2
HF HC2H3O2
HCN
You will need to memorize these lists (suggestion, memorize the strong, all others are weak)
Monday, February 26, 2007
Strong acids:HCl HBr HI HNO3 H2SO4
Normality When an acid or a base is dissolved in
water, it produces a certain amount of H+ or OH-
Normality is the concentration of H+ or OH- in the solution
Often, pH = – log N (instead of –log M)
Equivalent = amount that provides 1 mol of acid or base
Monday, February 26, 2007
Preamble 10 Decide which of the following are
strong vs. weak acids and write out their conjugate bases
Then, if they are weak acids, write out the reaction of a buffered solution with 1) HCl and 2) NaOH
HNO3 HF
HClO4 CH3COOH
HCl H2S
Monday, February 26, 2007
Agenda FYI’s Titration Titration Lab
Tuesday, February 27, 2007
FYI
QP 16 (1-49 odd) 3/2 Friday Garden Project 3/5 Monday
(look online)
RLog 10/14 3/12 Monday
Tuesday, February 27, 2007
Preamble 10 Decide which of the following are
strong vs. weak acids and write out their conjugate bases
Then, if they are weak acids, write out the reaction of a buffered solution with 1) HCl and 2) NaOH
HNO3 HF
HClO4 CH3COOH
HCl H2S
Tuesday, February 27, 2007
Titration Titration is a process that determines
the amount/concentration of an unknown substance in a solution
The analyte = the unknown (analyzed) The titrant = substance reacting with
analyte (titrating the analyte) In the Sailin’ the High C’s lab,
Vitamin C = analyte and iodine = titrant
Tuesday, February 27, 2007
Titration Titration between a strong acid
and a strong base involves neutralization
H+ (from acid) + OH- (from base) H2O
In this reaction, the titration is finished when the pH = 7
The end = the equivalence point
Tuesday, February 27, 2007
Titration Lab You will be given a sample with an
unknown concentration of sulfuric acid (analyte). Using phenolphthalein as an indicator and sodium hydroxide as your titrant, determine the original concentration of the sulfuric acid solution.
You will be given a buret, distilled water, flasks, and graduated cylinders
Design a procedure for your experiment
Tuesday, February 27, 2007
Agenda FYI’s Extra Credit Titration Lab Preamble 11
Thursday, March 1, 2007
FYI
QP 16 (1-49 odd) TOMORROW Acid/Base Lab 3/5 Monday Garden Project 3/5 Monday
(look online)
RLog 10/14 3/12 Monday
Thursday, March 1, 2007
Extra Credit (bring 1 or 2) Gloves (50) M or L Medicine cups (5) 1 pack Food coloring 1 box baking soda Distilled Water (1 Gallon) 1 25 lb bag of salt (Costco) 1 pack of balloons (12”) (20-25/pack) 1 hour of work after school for Ms. Rotter
Bring these supplies M-F of next week, they will apply to this marking period
1 10lb bag of sugar Straws (100) box of Alka-Seltzer Bottle of Borax 1 large match box Sponges
Thursday, March 1, 2007
Acid/Base Titration Writeup
You will be doing a formal write-up for this lab. The sections that should be included are on the website.
In your lab notebook should simply be your data
The write-up (to be peer reviewed) will be due on Monday. Make sure there is a copy for each person in your team.
Thursday, March 1, 2007
Acid/Base Titration Determine the concentration of the original
sulfuric acid solution What was the reaction that took place in
your beaker? What are indications that you are
approaching an endpoint? What would be the difference if you had
hydrochloric acid instead of sulfuric acid? What changes would you have seen? Be specific with numbers.
Design an experiment to determine the concentration of hydroxide in an unknown sample.
Thursday, March 1, 2007
Preamble 11 What ideas do you have about what
happens when ice is added to water? What happens to both the water and the ice? Use terms such as cooling, heating, melting, freezing, molecular motion/speed and energy.
Draw a series of pictures to represent what happens when ice melts into water. Label as necessary.
Thursday, March 1, 2007
Agenda FYI’s Extra Credit QP 16 Review
Friday, March 2, 2007
FYI QP 16 (1-49 odd) TODAY
Acid/Base Lab 3/5 Monday
Garden Project 3/5 Monday (look online)
RLog 10/14 3/12 Monday
QP 10 (1-35 odd) 3/19 Monday
QP 14 (1-41 odd) 3/26 Monday
RLog 19 3/29 Thursday
Friday, March 2, 2007
Extra Credit (bring 1 or 2) Gloves (50) M or L Distilled Water (1 Gallon) Medicine cups (5) 1 pack Food coloring 1 box baking soda 1 25 lb bag of salt (Costco) Sponges 1 pack of balloons (12”) (20-25/pack) 1 hour of work after school for Ms. Rotter
Bring these supplies M-F of next week, they will apply to this marking period
Friday, March 2, 2007
1 10lb bag of sugar Straws (100) box of Alka-Seltzer Bottle of Borax 1 large match box
QP 16 (8 min) On your whiteboard, put the following
questions from QP 16 Carbon Cavaliers – # 7 + 9 Periodic Pros – # 15 + 17 Avogadro Aces – # 21 + 29 Kinetic Kids – # 23 + 25 Equilibrium Experts – # 33 Reaction Radicals – # 47 + 49 Solubility Stars – # 43 + 45 Valance Veterans – # 39 + 41
Friday, March 2, 2007
Acid/Base Titration Writeup
You will be doing a formal write-up for this lab. The sections that should be included are on the website.
In your lab notebook should simply be your data (PLUS FIRST ANALYSIS QUESTION)
The write-up (to be peer reviewed) will be due on Monday. Make sure there is a copy for each person in your team.
Friday, March 2, 2007