acids and bases. chapter 7 reactions that form water: acids and bases chapter 7 reactions that form...
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ACIDS AND BASES
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Chapter 7
Reactions that form water: Acids and Bases
Objective 4: To learn the key characteristics of the reactions between strong acids and bases
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Properties of Acids
Acids are proton (hydrogen ion, H+) donors
Acids have a pH lower than 7 Acids taste sour Acids effect indicators
Blue litmus turns red Methyl orange turns red
Acids react with active metals, producing H2
Acids react with carbonates Acids neutralize bases
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Acids are Proton (H+ ion) Donors
Strong acids are assumed to be 100% ionized in solution (good H+ donors).
Weak acids are usually less than 5% ionized in solution (poor H+ donors).
HCl
H2SO4 HNO3
H3PO4 HC2H3O2 Organic acids
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Acids Effect
Indicators
Blue litmus paper turns red in contact with an acid.
Methyl orange turns red with addition of an acid
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Acids React with Active Metals
Acids react with active metals to form salts and hydrogen gas.
Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2(g)
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2(g)
Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2(g)
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Acids React with Carbonates
2HC2H3O2 + Na2CO3
2 NaC2H3O2 + H2O + CO2
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Effects of Acid Rain on Marble(calcium carbonate)
George Washington:BEFORE
George Washington:AFTER
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Acids Neutralize Bases
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Neutralization reactions ALWAYS produce a salt and water.
H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O
2HNO3 + Mg(OH)2 Mg(NO3)2 + 2H2O
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Properties of Bases Bases are proton (hydrogen ion, H+) acceptors
Bases have a pH greater than 7 Bases taste bitter Bases effect indicators
Red litmus turns blue Phenolphthalein turns purple
Solutions of bases feel slippery Bases neutralize acids
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Bases are Proton (H+ ion) Acceptors
Sodium hydroxide (lye), NaOH
Potassium hydroxide, KOH Magnesium hydroxide,
Mg(OH)2
Calcium hydroxide (lime), Ca(OH)2
OH- (hydroxide) in base combines with H+ in acids to form water
H+ + OH- H2O
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Bases Effect Indicators
Red litmus paper turns blue in contact with a base.
Phenolphthalein turns bright pink in a base.
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Bases Neutralize Acids
Milk of Magnesia contains magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2, which neutralizes stomach acid, HCl.
2 HCl + Mg(OH)2 MgCl2 + 2 H2O
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Mixing Strong Acids and Strong Bases
Aqueous hydrochloric acid reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) H2O(l) + NaCl (aq)
Complete ionic equation:
H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O(l) + Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Net ionic equation:
H+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O(l)
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Mixing Strong Acids and Strong Bases
Aqueous hydrobromic acid reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide
HBr(aq) + NaOH(aq) H2O(l) + NaBr (aq)
Complete ionic equation:
H+(aq) + Br-(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O(l) + Na+(aq) + Br-(aq)
Net ionic equation:
H+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O(l)
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Mixing Strong Acids and Strong Bases
Aqueous sulfuric acid reacts with aqueous potassium hydroxide
H2SO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq) 2H2O(l) + K2SO4(aq)
Complete ionic equation:
2H+(aq) + SO42-(aq) + 2K+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)2H2O(l) + 2K+(aq) + SO4
2-(aq)
Net ionic equation:
H+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O(l)