achieving climate targets - naturvårdsverket · ing to biogas heating in sewage treatment plant...

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Local projects under the Swedish Climate Investment Programme

Achieving Climate Targets

Climate Investment Programmefor lower greenhouse

gas emissions

ORDERSTelephone: +46 8 505 93340Fax: +45 6 505 93399E-mail: [email protected] address: CM-GruppenPO Box 110 93SE-161 11 BrommaInternet: www.naturvardsverket.se/bokhandeln

SWEDISH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYTel. +46 8 698 1000 (switchboard)E-mail: [email protected] address: Naturvardsverket, SE-106 48 StockholmISBN 91-620-8189-6Copyright Swedish EPA 2004www.naturvardsverket.se/bokhandeln

English translation by Maxwell ArdingPrinted by CM-gruppenPrint run: 2,000Production: Swedish EPACopy: Skrivupp/Ord & VetandeGraphic design: underhuset.com

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Contents The Swedish contribution matters 4 Klimp and local climate projects 5 Business Region Gothenburg 7 Eslöv 8 Falköping 9 Gothenburg 10 Karlstad 11 Gävleborg County Council 12 Helsingborg 13 Lilla Edet 14 Linköping 15 Malmö 16 Piteå* 17 Rättvik 18 Stockholm County Council 19 Trollhättan 20 Östersund 21 A sustainable approach to climate 22

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Rising emissions of greenhouse gases are perhaps the greatest threat facing the environment today. Hindering future climate change requires global cooperation between countries. Rich countries, in particular, must reduce their emissions. And it is the rich countries that must assume responsibility for developing technologies that allow increased welfare without ruining the planet for future generations.

Sweden is a small country, but also a rich one. Out-standing research is being conducted in many areas. Per capita greenhouse gas emissions are relatively low. Sweden has good prospects of setting a good example in eff orts to lessen climate change. We can show that there are ways of combining sound economics and high performance with low energy consumption and limited greenhouse gas emissions.

Many municipalities, enterprises and other actors want to help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Th e Climate

Investment Programme (Klimp), which provides funding for local climate investment programmes, gives them the fi nancial resources to invest in climate-friendly technol-ogy in energy, transport and other sectors. Th e experience gained locally in Sweden can be shared and put to use, not only in Sweden, but also in the EU and elsewhere.

Th e fi rst Klimp grants were allocated in December 2003. Th is presentation describes how the money has been used by the municipalities that were successful in their grant applications in the face of tough competition. When the four-year programmes have been completed, the results and experience derived will provide a valuable contribution to ongoing work in the climate fi eld.

Gunnel HormHead of Local Investment Programmes Section, Swedish EPA

The Swedish contribution matters

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Development of local climate targets is central to the eff orts being made to create an ecologically sustainable society. Government funding for climate investment programmes is intended to encourage municipalities, enterprises and other actors to make long-term investments to reduce the greenhouse eff ect. Th e programme is based on the Swedish Climate Strategy Bill (2001:02/55) and allocates almost SEK 800 million in funding for various climate-related measures in 2003–2004. Th e Government has proposed that a fur-ther SEK 200 million be allocated to Klimp in 2005–2006. Th e Swedish Environmental Protection Agency administers the grants and the Investment Support Council awards the grants themselves. Actions taken under the programmes are scrutinised by authorities including the National Energy Agency, the National Road Administration and the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning.

Klimp is a continuation of the Local Investment Pro-grammes (LIP), which received funding in 1998–2002, Both LIP and Klimp form part of the strategy to achieve Sweden’s climate objectives.

Funding of SEK 300 millionMeasures under Klimp are intended to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, to help to bring about conversion

to alternative energy sources and to save energy. A total of 87 applications for Klimp grants were received by the Swedish EPA in spring 2003. When all of them had been scrutinised, the Investment Support Council awarded funding of SEK 300 million to fourteen climate investment programmes and one guldklimp (“gold nugget” – special project). Th e special project is being conducted by Piteå Municipality in northern Sweden and is entitled “MIL-TRANS – Sustainable Short Journeys”. Th e project received a grant even though Piteå’s climate investment programme application was unsuccessful, since the project was con-sidered to be an eff ective way of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A characteristic of the 14 programmes is that

Klimp and local climate programmes

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Fourteen programmes and a “gold nugget”

Read more at:www.naturvardsverket.se/lipwww.naturvardsverket.se/klimpwww.regeringen.se/miljo

Business region GothenburgEslövFalköpingGothenburgHelsingborgKarlstadGävleborg County Council

Lilla EdetLinköpingMalmöPiteå (“gold nugget”)RättvikStockholm County CouncilTrollhättanÖstersund

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they feature sound climate strategies, an overall perspec-tive, interaction, cost-eff ectiveness and environmental impacts. Th e climate investment programmes are being backed by two county councils, one regional municipal company and eleven municipalities.

Focus on energy and traffi cOnly the best measures under each programme received grants, the main sectors concerned being transport/traffi c and energy (Figure 1). Th e planned action is expected to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by a total of about 114,000 tonnes per year (see Figure 2). Klimp programmes must also include measures focusing on public education and information to generate interest in, and broad popular sup-port for, eff orts to curb greenhouse gas emissions.

It is hoped that Klimp will strengthen cooperation between municipalities and various actors at local, regional and national level. One example of regional cooperation

is BRG – Business Region Gothenburg, in which thirteen municipalities and other actors in the region are working together on a biogas project (page 7). Th e idea is also that Klimp funding should further the establishment of net-works and dissemination of know-how and information.

Monitoring resultsA fi nal report must be submitted to the Swedish EPA when a climate investment programme ends after four years. Th e Agency then decides the fi nal grant to be received by the programme. If results, in the form of reduced greenhouse gas emissions, improved energy effi ciency and conversion to alternative energy forms, are substantially worse than those anticipated in the application, the grant may be less than was originally decided. Th e fi nal reports are also an important source of information, knowledge and experi-ence about local eff orts to reduce greenhouse gas emis-sions.

Figure 1. Programme areas funded

Figure 2. Reduction in carbon dioxide emissions per programme

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Business Region Gothenburg (BRG) was awarded a Klimp grant of SEK 7.7 million for biogas projects. Th e climate investment programme includes building more biogas refuelling stations and purchasing gas-driven vehicles.

Th e new biogas refuelling stations at Kungsbacka and Stenungsund are part of a network of biogas refuelling stations in the Västra Götaland region of south-west Sweden. Th e stations are intended to meet the biogas fuel requirements for taxis, courier vehicles, transport vehicles, company cars and environmentally friendly vehicles purchased by the municipality. In three years’ time it is estimated that the use of biogas will have reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 25 per cent as compared with corresponding use of petrol.

Klimp funding is also being used to fi nance the purchase or leasing of biogas vehicles. Th e funds are expected to suffi ce for some 90 biogas vehicles and can be sought by municipal departments, municipal com-panies and private individuals. Th is is expected to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 3,545 tonnes during the economic life of the biogas-driven vehicles (12 years).

Business Region Gothenburg

Environmental investments: SEK 24,403,000Funding applied for: SEK 9,184,200

Funding granted: SEK 7,706,200Estimated reduction in carbon dioxide emissions: 2,045 tonnes/year

BRG is a municipal company engaged in business development and representing the 13 municipalities in the region. One project run by BRG is the Biogas West project, whose purpose is to encourage and stimulate the spread and development of production and distribution of biogas. www.businessregion.se

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EslövEslöv, in the far south of Sweden, was granted SEK 4.2 million for its climate investment programme. One project is pre-treat-ment of household refuse to extract biogas and nutrients. In this way, fossil fuels are replaced by locally-produced fuel and emissions of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons are reduced. Th e municipality is also planning to change over from electric heat-ing to biogas heating in sewage treatment plant buildings. Th e biogas will be used to heat buildings and tap water.

To break the dependence on fossil fuels, the municipality is giving grants to home owners who change over from oil-fi red to

pellet-fi red boilers. If 120 houses (out of just over 2,200) change over to using pellets over a four-year period, it is estimated that carbon dioxide emissions will fall by around 900 tonnes a year.

Home owners burning wood as their main source of heat can also obtain a municipal grant to install an accumulator tank. Th e aim is that 20 houses (out of just under 50) will install an accumulator tank over a four-year period. Car owners can also receive a grant to attend an eco-driving course. Th e target is that 400 car owners should complete the course between 2004 and 2007.

Eslöv’s overall climate target is to halve greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, as compared with the 1990s. An interim target is to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by four per cent by 2010. This represents approximately 28,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide using 2000 as the base year. www.eslov.se (local environmental targets for Eslöv Municipality)



Previous LIP funding: approximately SEK 17 million

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FalköpingFalköping Municipality received Klimp funding of SEK 21.6 million, mostly for investment in district heating and biogas. Amongst other things, the municipality is extending the district heating network and supplying properties with biomass fuel-based and biogas-produced heating. Th is is reducing the proportion of fossil fuels as well as carbon dioxide emissions.

In addition, a biogas-fi red central boiler is being installed at the municipal sewage treatment plant. Surplus gas will be used in the district heating network.

Th e municipality also received funding for information and public education, including information visits, as well as research monitoring and advisory services. Falköping Municipality and Chalmers University of Technology have previously run a number of joint projects on logisti-cal coordination and transport development. During the period 2004 – 2007 Lund University plans to monitor the progress made by climate investment programmes in the municipality. Th is will include formulat-ing a strategy covering several years for monitoring and evaluation of the programme and will also involve a degree of participation in projects.

Environmental investments: SEK 120,027,000Funding applied for: SEK 52,098,000Funding granted: SEK 21,616,000Estimated reduction in carbon dioxide emissions: 12,357 tonnes/year


Falköping’s overall energy and climate objective is an ecologically sustainable energy system. The carbon dioxide target is for the municipality to have reduced carbon dioxide emissions by 25 per cent between 1997 and 2010. www.falkoping.se (climate investment programme)

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Göteborg

Gothenburg received Klimp funding of SEK 49 million. Th e climate investment programme is primarily targeted at traffi c, transport and travel to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Projects include better logis-tics for transporting hazardous waste. Th e idea is to use deliveries made to construction sites for transporting hazardous waste, which will reduce the number of journeys and emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles.

An information campaign aimed at trade and industry and the munic-ipality is intended to encourage the purchase of environmentally friendly vehicles. And information aimed directly at municipal inhabitants will be used to increase travel by public transport and reduce unnecessary car journeys. Th e aim is that a combination of dialogue, demonstration of new technology and monitoring of emissions from individual vehicles will aff ect driving styles and travel habits.

Travel information in real timeThe Gothenburg City Traffi c Offi ce is developing a travel planner for the public. Travellers will be able to choose the best alternative for their journey in terms of time, cost and environmental impact. The primary aim is to get travellers to refl ect over their travel habits and to show that public transport and cycling can be competitive options.

“The travel planner is one of several projects under the “Active Traveller Support” programme. The idea is to restrict traffi c growth by using ITS* services, travel planners, signs, infl uencing attitudes and information at companies,” explains Daniel Ulfheden of the Traffi c Offi ce.

Work on the travel planner is currently (autumn 2004) concen-trating on developing digital maps of the car and cycleway network. Traffi c speeds and vehicle numbers are also being monitored, the data being gradually added to a traffi c database. Travel planners for public transport have already been fully developed.

“People who want to plan their journeys on the basis of their needs and the environment should be able to use the travel plan-ner. It should be simple to obtain information about various travel options and their pros and cons,” adds Daniel.




Gothenburg

*ITS: Intelligent Transport Systems. These include weather services, na-vigation services, travel information, weather information and parking

Gothenburg’s climate target is for average carbon dioxide emissions 2008 – 2012 to be four per cent lower than in 1990, and that per capita carbon dioxide emissions should be 4.5 carbon dioxide equivalents by 2050. (A carbon dioxide equivalent is a measure of the quantity of greenhouse gases where the contribution from each individual gas has been adjusted to correspond to the quantity of carbon dioxide that has the same effect on climate.) www.goteborg.se (Environment/Klimp application)

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KarlstadKarlstad received Klimp funding of just over SEK 3 million. Th e climate investment programme primarily aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from oil burning by changing over to using biomass fuels and district heating, amongst other things.

Expansion of the district heating network will include two residential areas where houses are largely heated by oil. It is projected that district heating here will replace 435 cubic metres of oil per year. It is estimated that grants to home owners out-side the area planned for district heating who install a biomass fuel heating system will replace another 600 or so cubic metres of heating oil each year. Th ree municipal properties will also change from oil-fi red heating systems to biomass fuel.

Th e traffi c focus is on the central hospital, which is the main employer in the municipality, with some 3,000 employees. Th e shortage of parking spaces for staff , patients and visitors is to be remedied by better public transport and improvements designed to make car-sharing easier and life simpler for cyclists.

All measures under the programme are linked to informa-tion and public education: articles on the website and in Vi i Karlstad magazine, Open House activities and evening talks.

Karlstad’s climate target is to halve the use of fossil fuels for heating by 2005 as compared with 1999. Electricity consumption, not including electricity for heating, is to be reduced by 10 per cent during the same period. www.karlstad.se (environmental accounts)




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Gävleborg County CouncilGävleborg County Council received funding of just over SEK 2.7 mil-lion for a Klimp programme aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from traffi c. Programme aims are based on national as well as regional environmental objectives, as well as environmental objectives and other guidance documents drawn up by the county council and municipalities.

Th e Klimp programme includes a video conference system, timeta-ble adjustments and web cameras, which will replace two per cent of journeys made on council business. A common booking system is to be introduced for leased vehicles, which will be fi tted with electronic equip-ment connected to the system. Another aim is to increase the number of leased vehicles running on ethanol from 150 to 350. Th e council is also co-fi nancing ethanol pumps in all municipalities, including at least two in Gävle. Th is is expected to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from cars by around 1,480 tonnes a year. A further move is to install 125 engine heaters with timers at parking areas for council vehicles, and another 275 at “park-and-ride” commuter parking facilities.

County council environmental objectives include a 2005 deadline for producing calculation models than can be used to report the environmental impact of transport, and formulating proposed targets and strategies for achieving a sustainable transport system. Other objectives under the environment programme 2003 – 2008 are that the proportion of renewable energy used should exceed 50 per cent, and that a plan for improving energy effi ciency should be in place by the end of 2004. www.lg.se/miljoprogram


Funding granted: SEK 2,708,080Estimated reduction in carbon

dioxide emissions: 2,192 tonnes/year

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“Mission K” The Vuxenskolan adult education association and the City of Helsing-borg are conducting a joint project entitled Uppdrag K (“Mission K”), which is aimed at 2nd and 3rd year schoolchildren and their parents. The idea is for participants to learn more about ecocycles and climate and gain greater insight into the impact of various choices on deve-lopments.

“Mission K” continues the work started by the Environment Work-shop in Helsingborg schools and makes use of the methods in the study material entitled Sverige 2001 – Vägar till ett hållbart samhälle (“Sweden 2001 – Ways of achieving a sustainable society”), produced by Vuxenskolan and the Swedish EPA. The idea is to arrange for families to meet and work together, and for children to challenge their parents in various assignments,” explains Johan Lindberg of Vuxenskolan adult education association in north-west Skåne.

One “mission” is for different groups to travel to the same place but by different means. The modes of transport are then compared in terms of their impact on climate, cost, comfort and time. Another element is that participants have to consider what steps towards sustainability they can take in their daily lives.

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Helsingborg received Klimp funding of just over SEK 26 million. Focal points of the programme include biogas as a motor fuel, reducing road transport, improving energy effi ciency and reducing energy consump-tion.

A pipeline being laid for distribution of organic fertiliser to farms in the Helsingborg area will mean an end to emissions from the trucks pre-viously making those deliveries. Road freight movements will diminish further following completion of the railway line to the Filborna landfi ll and recycling facility. In addition, voltage control equipment is being installed in 150 of the 400 municipal street lighting relay stations, which will produce even light output and save energy.

Energy saving by choice of temperature

The Helsingborgshem housing company is installing an energy-saving system in its apartments. The basic rent allows

a temperature of 21°C. Higher or lower temperatures increase or lower the rent. A computer system translates the temperature

into kronor for each degree it differs from the set level.“We should be able to reduce heat consumption by around 15

– 17 per cent. We also intend to monitor hot water consumption. We have found that it falls by an average of about 30 per cent if we mo-nitor consumption by tenants saving hot water,” says Kjell Persson of Helsingborgshem.

The aim is for the system to be installed in approximately 600 apartments per year.

“Apart from lower housing costs, carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced owing to lower heating and water consumption. The size of the reduction depends on the type of energy used, but in the fi rst phase we expect to reduce emissions by around 74 tonnes,” Kjell explains.




Helsingborg’s climate target is that carbon dioxide emissions should fall by 20 per cent by 2010, as compared with 1990. An interim target is that emissions from road traffi c should have stabilised at 1990 levels by 2010. http://kommun.helsingborg.se/miljo/

Helsingborg

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Lilla EdetLilla Edet received funding of SEK 10.7 million for a programme centred on energy and traffi c. Th e climate investment programme is a further development and to some extent a continuation of the LIP work done by the municipality in 2000–2003.

Conversion to alternative energy sources in the municipality involves replacing oil and electricity with renewable fuels in 400 properties, of which 300 will have pellet-fi red boilers, 50 solar heating units and 50 wood-fi red boilers. Th is is expected to reduce annual emissions of car-bon dioxide by just over 2,000 tonnes.

Some of the Klimp funds are being used to build a footpath and cycleway between Lödöse and Nygård to reduce car traffi c. Th e distance by road is short (fi ve kilometres), but the road is winding and in poor condition. Few roads can be used by pedestrians or cyclists at present owing to the large proportion of heavy traffi c. Th ere are a number of side roads along the way, so a footpath and cycleway should mean a great deal to many people.

Municipal information and public education campaigns focus on transport, households and energy consumption and include advertise-ments, direct mail shots, news reports, network development, courses, campaigns and contests.




Lilla Edet Municipality has no fi xed climate target. But the Klimp measures, together with earlier LIP measures, will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by almost 50 per cent by 2010, as compared with 1990. This represents approximately 19,500 tonnes of carbon dioxide. www.lillaedet.se

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LinköpingLinköping received Klimp funding of almost SEK 29 million for measures designed to reduce emissions of green-house gases and develop infrastructure in line with municipal climate strategy.

Th e district heating network is being extended and 10–15 pellet-fi red boilers are being installed in schools and municipal buildings. Installation of new transformers and adjustment of old ones will also reduce power losses from the electricity grid by approximately 1,350 MWh a year.

Th e creation of a mobile biogas refuel-ling station provides a fl exible system for existing customers and allows the use of around 150 new biogas-driven light commercial vehicles in Linköping. Th e municipality is also developing a mobile gas storage system using tanks that can be transported to new refuelling stations.

A demonstration project aims to develop methods of adapting petrol-driven vehicles to run on biogas. Output at the biogas production facility is also being increased to cover the annual biogas requirement, equivalent to running 10

buses, 20 distribution vehicles, 20 taxis and 1,000 automobiles. Th is is expected to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by the equivalent of 4,814 tonnes a year.

Changing over to use of wood chips as a heating fuel will reduce heating oil consumption and road freight movements (the chips are prepared on site). In addi-tion, länstrafi kbolaget (the county public transport operator), the municipality, the National Road Administration, trade and industry, non-profi t and other organisa-tions have all made a commitment to com-munication and information on themes such as “good travel choices” and biogas use.

An independent evaluation of the climate investment programme is being conducted jointly with Linköping Univer-sity, which has evaluated previous local investment programmes. Th e evaluation is intended to examine how well the process has worked, the importance of Klimp to local environmental protection as well as the contribution made by the business sec-tor to Klimp and the benefi t it has derived from the programme.

Linköping’s climate target is to reduce use of fossil motor fuels by 20 per cent by 2005 and by 50 per cent by 2020, as compared with 1995. Another aim is that the proportion of electricity and heating be produced from renewable energy sources should be at least 75 per cent by 2005 and at least 95 per cent by 2020. www.linkoping.se (Agenda 21).


Funding granted: SEK 28,998,000Estimated reduction in carbon

dioxide emissions: 7,961 tonnes/year


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MalmöMalmö received Klimp funding of just over SEK 58 million for an unusually broad commitment to renewable energy, improved energy effi ciency and a sustainable traffi c system. Th e programme also focuses on building, housing and lifestyle.

A district cooling distribution pipeline is being laid from Västra Hamnen (har-bour area) to central Malmö. City-centre bus routes are being reorganised to achieve more effi cient bus traffi c, increased bus use (10 per cent) and less car traffi c (1 per cent).

A number of solar collectors will be installed at municipal swimming baths to heat water in pools and showers. It is estimated that this will reduce heat consump-tion at swimming baths by up to 60 per cent.

Th e municipality is also investing in a marketing project designed to persuade car drivers to use public transport, and is installing distribution meters to meter water and heating consumption in buildings.

Public education and information includes teaching materials and energy train-ing for staff and pupils. Th is is a three-year campaign targeted at schoolchildren and Malmö City employees with a view to changing behaviour and saving energy. Th e municipality is also carrying out a joint scientifi c evaluation of the climate invest-ment programme with Malmö and Lund universities.

Malmö’s climate target is that mean carbon dioxide emissions should

fall by at least 25 per cent between 2008 and 2012, as compared with 1990. This means a reduction of 10 – 15 per cent or more, as from 1999. www.malmo.se (environment and health/environmental accounts 2003)




Seasonal energy storageSydkraft and the City of Malmö are planning to store energy seasonally in aquifers. The aim is to utilise the surplus heat in Malmö’s district heating system.

“During the summer months we have an energy surplus from waste incineration, surplus heat from industry, solar heating, heat from cooling systems and other sources. We will make use of the energy that would otherwise be lost by storing it and using it in winter,” explains Li Lövehed of Sydkraft.

Once we have decided to invest, it takes around 1–2 years before a system comes into operation. Ground surveys and test drilling are carried out in the meantime.

“We expect to be able to store approximately 50 GWh of energy a year. This represents an annual emission reduction of about 14,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide and 324 tonnes of nitro-gen oxides,” says Lars Hammar of Sydkraft.

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PiteåPiteå received funding of just over SEK 1 million for “Sus-tainable Short Journeys”. Th is is a “gold nugget” (guldklimp) programme: a single measure that has such a positive eff ect that it has received a grant even though the rest of the pro-gramme did not.

Th e aim of Sustainable Short Journeys is to improve conditions for pedestrians and cyclists so they are better able to move around in and through the town. Th e motor car occupies a prominent place in Piteå , but the public want fewer cars in the centre and more areas for pedestrians and cyclists.

Th e Klimp funds will be used for:

• Infrastructure improvements to improve ease of access for pedestrians and cyclists

• Creation of a network with neighbouring municipali-ties for cooperation and rapid distribution of informa-tion, and also for utilisation of know-how in the fi eld

• Joint campaigns with municipalities in the net-work to persuade more people to use public trans-port, share cars or cycle and walk short distances

• Coordination of timetables, transport and informa-tion so as to increase use of public transport etc.

Piteå’s climate target is identical to the regional climate target, which means that carbon dioxide emissions are to fall by 4 per cent by 2010 as compared with 1990, not including staple industries. www.pitea.se/kommun (Environment and Building/Piteå’s environmental objectives)


Funding granted: SEK 1,285,000Estimated reduction in carbon dioxide emissions: 324 tonnes/year


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RättvikPhoto: Anders Good/IBL

Rättvik was granted climate investment funding of almost SEK 6 million. Its programme focuses on a changeover from fossil fuels to renewable energy for heating.

A biogas unit is being installed at the Ickholmen abattoir to recover energy from the abattoir waste. Th e abattoir will thereby be self-suf-fi cient in heat, gas and electricity, and the electricity the facility needs to purchase externally will fall by 586 MWh. In addition, 175 MWh a year can be delivered to the electricity grid.

Th e municipality is also awarding grants to encourage property own-ers to convert from oil to biomass fuels, and to property owners and/or heating contractors who invest in local heating systems.

Rättvik’s long-term climate target (2050) is to reduce the proportion of fossil fuels used by 60 per cent, improve energy effi ciency by 40 per cent and cease to use electricity as the principal source of heating. www.rattvik.se



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Stockholm County CouncilStockholm County Council received Klimp funding of just over SEK 35 million. Action taken under the climate investment programme includes a climate exhibition in cooperation with the Museum of Natural History, a course in economical boat use, and a pilot project to train ambulance drivers in eco-driving. Th e council has also invested in a pilot study involving the use of three biogas-driven special vehicles for the mobility service for handicapped people. Th e council is developing a prototype biogas-driven heavy duty vehicle. In addition, 119 biogas buses are being purchased for Stockholm city centre and the biogas bus depot is being extended.

Global fi rst for new nitrous oxide removalWith the help of Klimp funding, Stockholm County Council is installing equipment at Karolinska University Hospital in Huddinge to reduce nitrous oxide emissions. The aim is to halve emissions by 2006 – from just over 30 to around 15 tonnes.

“If nitrous oxide emissions are converted into carbon dioxide equivalents*, they account for about 4.5 per cent of all county council emissions (approximately 220,000 tonnes). Nitrous oxide is a very powerful greenhouse gas and it is es-sential that we try to reduce emissions,” says Stefan Wallin, Chief Environmental Offi cer at the county council.

The principle is to split nitrous oxide catalytically into nitrogen and oxygen. One requirement if the equipment is to work optimally (at least 85 per cent conversion effi ciency) is a correct balance between temperature and gas fl ow. The special application technology has not so far been used any-where else in the world, which means that much of the initial phase of the project consists of trials.

“I anticipate that the fi rst six months of 2005 will be needed to evaluate the equipment. Alongside this project we are working jointly with other hospitals in the county to iden-tify where there is potential for installing the technology,”

adds Stefan.

*Carbon dioxide equivalent: a measure of the quantity of greenhouse gases where the contribution from each individual gas has been adjusted to correspond to the quantity of carbon dioxide that has the same effect on climate.

Stockholm County Council’s environment programme 2002 – 2006 places considerable emphasis on climate; three environmental objectives of fi ve are climate targets. Two of these involve a changeover to renewable motor fuels and electricity and heat production from renewable sources. The third is to reduce nitrous oxide emissions. www.sll.se (Environment)



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TrollhättanTrollhättan received Klimp funding of just less than SEK 21 million to reduce emissions from the energy and transport sector. Action being taken includes increasing the number of biogas vehicles, a biogas refuel-ling station and doubling the capacity of the existing biogas production facility. Th e municipality is also building a district heating tunnel under the Göta river and converting from oil to pellets in a number of schools and other buildings. Home owners will also be off ered grants to convert to biomass fuels.

An environmental design project is being conducted within the framework of Innovatum Technology Park, the aim being to incorporate design in Klimp projects. Th e object is to achieve more aesthetic sur-roundings, which will provide an indirect stimulus and increase public interest. Th e target groups include students, Trollhättan inhabitants and visitors. A comprehensive joint project will be run by the university and the municipality under the auspices of Trollhättan Biogas Centre. Klimp funds are also being used to produce educational material for school years 1–6, 7–9 and upper secondary school. Th e material deals with climate and energy and is based on municipal eff orts to reduce green-house gas emissions.

Trollhättan’s climate target is to halve use of non-renewable energy by 2010 as compared with 1996. This represents a 27 per cent decrease in carbon dioxide emissions, ie, at least 75,000 tonnes. www.trollhattan.se (Application for Klimp funding)




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Östersund received Klimp funding of just over SEK 24 mil-lion. Municipal climate investment programmes are intended to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by improving energy effi ciency and converting to alternative energy sources. Measures include upgrading methane gas for use as a motor fuel, biogas-driven cars, a booking system for the eco-car pool, a commitment to “green traffi c” and the “Mobility Week”. Other investments are expansion of the district heat-ing network, improved energy effi ciency in municipal build-ings, grants to home owners, as well as public education and information.

Östersund’s climate target is to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 15 per cent between 1998 and 2005. This target was achieved as long ago as 2001 thanks to a methodical approach to greenhouse gas emission reduction. One key tool is the municipal Air Quality and Climate Plan, which sets out measurable targets whose achievement can be evaluated and describes the carbon dioxide situation on the basis of surveys performed. www.ostersund.se (Air Quality and Climate Plan)

Green Traffi cÖstersund is using Klimp funding to carry out a project entitled Grön Trafi k (“Green Traffi c”). This is a continuation of the municipality’s commitment to green traffi c, which previously found expression within the scope of LIP.

“Östersund is a climate-conscious municipality and carbon di-oxide emissions from fossil fuel use have fallen by 30 per cent since 1990, mainly owing to investments in district heating and wood chips. Most emissions now come from the transport sector,” explains Anne Sörensson of Grön Trafi k.

Green Traffi c is very much focused on working with other actors to reach more people and share experience in the best way.

“We are working with the Korpen “Sport for All” Association to arrange a competition that involves travelling by bicycle instead of car. And we are also jointly arranging an eco-car seminar with the Länsförsäkringar insurance company and Energikontoret (the “Energy Offi ce”) during European Mobility Week. One thousand three hundred people have entered the competition and 350 people have enrolled for the seminar, so there is great inte-rest. We are also getting coverage from radio, TV and newspapers, which often report on Green Traffi c,” says Anne.




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Global warming will produce adverse eff ects over the next few decades even if all possible eff orts are made to mitigate its eff ects. Th ings will get worse before they get better. Th is is because the quantity of greenhouse gases in the atmos-phere will continue to rise for many years even if emissions fall. Th is may sound disheartening, but eff orts must none-theless continue at all levels if the trend is to be reversed.

Global cooperation is essential for success. At national level, changes are needed in national energy and transport

policy, attitudes, taxes and other instruments. However, national policy is largely implemented at local level. By virtue of their planning, local authorities have an impact on transport requirements and energy use. Th ey can therefore help to create the conditions necessary for sustainable development. So the interplay between the national and local levels is a key factor for success. Funding to encourage these developments acts as a lubricant in the joint eff orts being made.

A sustainable approach to climate

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Klimp combats global warming

Klimp – the Climate Investment Programme – aims to encourage municipalities and other actors to make long-term investments to reduce the greenhouse eff ect. Funding of almost SEK 800 mil-lion is being allocated during 2003 – 2004 to support various climate-related projects. Th is fund-ing is a continuation of the Local Investment Programmes (LIP). LIP and Klimp both form part of the Swedish commitment to achieve the climate targets laid down by the Kyoto Protocol.

In winter 2003 twelve Swedish municipalities, two county councils and one special project received a total of SEK 300 million in Klimp funding. Th is booklet describes examples of projects funded by Klimp and the expected results.

Read more about LIP and Klimp at:www.naturvardsverket.se/lip www.naturvardsverket.se/klimp

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SWEDISH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYTel: +46 8 698 1000 (switchboard)E-mail: [email protected] address: Naturvårdsverket, SE-106 48 StockholmISBN 91-620-8189-6Copyright Naturvårdsverket 2004www.naturvardsverket.se/bokhandeln

achieving climate targets - naturvårdsverket · ing to biogas heating in sewage treatment plant...

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