achieve success in hdd project planning - · pdf fileachieve success in hdd project planning...

Achieve success in HDD project planning !!!

Do we have the right machine andDo we have the right machine and tools to do the project?

HDD j tHDD project sequence

• 1. PREPARATION– Counts for 40 – 50% from

the entire project• 2 PILOTBORE• 2.PILOTBORE• 3.PREREAMING• 4.PRODUCT INSTALLATION

P tiPreparation• TO BE DONENEEDED INFORMATION • TO BE DONE

– feasibility • Machine wise

Prod ct ise

• NEEDED INFORMATION– Client wishes

• What ,Where ,When• Product wise• Tooling wise

– Make a bore plan

– Above ground level• Topography• Obstacles

– Below ground level• Soilconditions• StratigraphyStratigraphy• Obstacles

– pipes– Cables– Cables– ?????

HDD hi tHDD machine parameters

• Installation length capabilitiesPilot bore length is related to the thrust force– Pilot bore length is related to the thrust force

– Pullback length is related to the pullback force

H l di t i l t d t th t ti l• Hole diameter is related to the rotational torque– Higher torque means bigger hole– Higher torque means less pre-reaming stages

• Speed is related to the mud flow capability

Pilot borePilot boreDrilling distance is driven by the machine thrust force, rod g yspecifications, pilot bore tooling (hole size) and soil specifications!

• Forces during drillingg g• Forces during steering

– Thrust force and torque for the drillhead to compact/cut the soil (Td & Fd)q p ( )– Thrust force and torque to overcome drag in the hole (Tr & Fr)

Tt=Tr+Td

Ft=Fr+Fd

FrTr

TdFd

Drillrods rotational torque and drag forces during pilotbore Drillrods drag force during steeringInput Input

Drillrod specificationsOutside diameter (mm) 89.00 mm 3.50 inch Sliding friction coefficient 0.50 0.50 (Default 0.5)Inside diameter (mm) 66.20 mm 2.61 inch Length (m) 60.00 m 196.85 ft

Length (cm) 610.00 cm 20.01 ft Average angle (degrees) 4.00 degrees 4.00 degreesWeight (kg) 150 00 kg 329 67 lbs Hole size (mm) 250 00 mm 9 84 inch

Drillrods rotational torque and drag forces during pilotbore Drillrods drag force during steering

Weight (kg) 150.00 kg 329.67 lbs Hole size (mm) 250.00 mm 9.84 inchE-Modulus (kg/cm2) 2.11E+06 kg/cm2 3.00E+07 psi

ResultsOff bottom thrust force (kg) 543.00 Kg 1193.41 lbs

Sinusoidal buckling (kg) 1191.19 Kg 2618.00 lbsDrilling length (m) 240.00 m 787.40 ft Helical buckling (kg) 2169.44 Kg 4768.00 lbs

Fluid density (kg/dm3 1.04 kg/dm3 8.80 ppgFluid density (kg/dm3 1.04 kg/dm3 8.80 ppgRotational friction coefficient 0.30 0.30 (default 0.3) Input

Results Thrust force (kg) 2179.00 kg 4789.01 lbsI Moment of inertia 213.53 cm4 5.13 inch4 ResultInhole weight (kg/m) 18.12 kg/m 1.01 lbs/inch Frictional force (kg) 10.58 Kg 23.25 lbs

Off bottom thrust/pull force (kg) 1304.00 Kg 2865.93 lbsOff bottom rotational torque (kg) 569.00 Nm 418.38 ftlbs

The information contained in this program is based on w idely accepted calculation models and formulas.How ever, conditions may vary and information in the program is to be used as a guideline only.

No liability is assumed by the creator of these calculations through the use of this program!

Tt=Tr+Td

Ft=Fr+Fd

FrTr

TdFd

MAX Pilot bore MAX Hole Navigator model PULLBACK(Kg) TORQUE(Nm) STD. OPT. Rod DISTANCE(m) DIAMETER(mm)

D6X6 2052 746 23 36/68 50 200

MACHINE CAPABILITIES FLOWRATE(L/min)

D7X11 series II 4082 1763 34 36/68/100 120 350D10X14 4536 1898 34 100/200 150 400

D16X20A 7258 2708 95 200 250 450D18X22 8200 2950 95 200 300 450D20X22 9072 2950 95 200 330 450

D24X40A 10796 5415 144 200 360 600D24X40 series II 10796 5415 200 500 360 600

D33X44 15015 5940 189 500 400 700D36X50 16380 6725 189 500 450 750D36X50 16380 6725 189 500 450 750

D36X50 series II 16380 6725 300 500 450 750D55X100 25025 13538 568 1000 650 1000D75X100 34125 13538 568 1000 700 1000D80X100 36400 13538 770 1000 700 1000D80X100 36400 13538 770 1000 700 1000D100X120 45500 16200 770 1000 800 1100D150X300 68250 40350 1000/2500 5" 1000 1300D200X300 91000 40350 1000/2500 5" 1100 1300D330X500 137000 68300 2500/5000 6 5/8" 1300 1600D330X500 137000 68300 2500/5000 6 5/8 1300 1600D500X500 226000 68300 2500/5000 6 5/8" 1500 1600D750X900 340000 124000 2500/5000 6 5/8" 1800 1800

D1000X900 455000 124000 2500/5000 6 5/8" 2000 1800 varies with soil conditions Single rod

The information contained in the above sheet is based on w idely accepted calculation models and formulas.How ever, conditions may vary and information in the program is to be used as a guideline only. No liability is assumed by the creator of these assumptions through the use of this program!

The machine specifications define the hole making capability from theThe machine specifications define the hole making capability from the rig, it does not define the possible length for a given product with given dimensions!

P llb k fPullback forces

T t l llb k f d i th i t ll ti i• Total pullback force during the installation is the sum of:– Force needed to drag the product outside the hole– Force needed to pull the product in the hole

E t l llb k fExternal pullback forces

Surface

Pullforce (Kg) = 0.5 x Product weight (Kg/m) x Length (m)

Surface

Pi ll

Pullforce (Kg) = 0 1 x Product weight (Kg/m) x Length (m)

Pipe rollers

Pullforce (Kg) 0.1 x Product weight (Kg/m) x Length (m)

Not applicable when using sectionalized product!-Not applicable when using sectionalized product!

D h l ll fDownhole pull forces

• Downhole parameters determining the pullback force:p– Buoyancy– Product > soil friction– Fluid dragFluid drag– Load due to bending stresses– Capstan forces

Buoyancy

Angle

Load due to bending

Pullforce

Angle

Fluid drag

D h l i t & Sit tiAi fl id

Downhole requirements & Situation

• Stabilized hole• Return fluid

Filtercake to avoid fluid loss inReturn fluidProduct

Air or fluid or ....

– Filtercake to avoid fluid loss in the formation

– Sufficient head to create down hole static fluid pressurehole static fluid pressure

– Return fluid with a density < 1.4 kg/lt

– Cuttings under suspensionCuttings under suspension– Controlled annular fluid velocity

and tool nozzle pressures• Soil mechanicsSoil mechanics

– Minimum depth is 5 times the diameter of the hole

• ArchingArching• Avoid collapse due to surface

tensionFiltercakeSoil/rock

Cuttings

Simplified calculation on the downhole pullback force !

D h l b h i f th d tDownhole behavior of the product• Lifting force/buoyancy• Lifting force/buoyancy

– ArchimedesP ti l ith th t idLifting force (Kg/m) – Proportional with the outside diameter and the fluid density

Return fluid


density– Not related to the type of

material nor installation

Product

material nor installation depth

• Resulting downhole weight

Weight (Kg/m)

Resulting downhole weight is equal to the Lifting force minus the Product weightg ( g ) minus the Product weight

Lifting force calculationTh lifti f i

Lifting force (Kg/m)

• The lifting force is proportional with the density of the return

R fl id

density of the return fluid

• Formula is valid forReturn fluid


Formula is valid for density of 1.25 Kg/lt

• Additional reaming

Product

gwill result in a lower density in the hole th d i th

Prod ct o tside diameter (mm)2

thus reducing the lifting force

Lifting force (Kg/m)=Product outside diameter (mm)

1000

Example same diameter HDPE vs SteelExample same diameter HDPE vs. Steel315 mm HDPE PN10 18.3 Kg/m 315 mm STEEL 0.375" wall 70 Kg/m

Lifting force (Kg/m)=Product outside diameter (mm)

1000

2

Lifting force (Kg/m)=3151000

2= 99.2 Kg/m

Lifting force ( 99.2 Kg/m) Lifting force (99.2 Kg/m)

80.9 Kg/m 29.2 Kg/m

Weight (18.3 Kg/m) Weight (70 Kg/m)

L di t d tLarge diameter productLifting force (Kg/m)

• Large diameter product is filled with

Lifting force (Kg/m)

product is filled with water, return fluid or … to create additional

Return fluid

Water weight as a compensation for the lifting forceProduct

Water

lifting force.Product

Product weight + Water weightg g

E l HDPE t fill d ith tExample HDPE empty vs. filled with water315 mm HDPE PN10 18.3 Kg/m

2P d t i id di t ( )

g 277.6 mm Inside diameter

Empty Water filled

1270Product inside diameter (mm)

Water weight (Kg/m)=

2277.6

Water weight (Kg/m)= = 60 7 Kg/m

Lifting force ( 99.2 Kg/m) Lifting force (99.2 Kg/m)

1270Water weight (Kg/m) = 60.7 Kg/m

80.9 Kg/m 19.8 Kg/m

Weight (18.3 Kg/m) Weight ((18.3 + 60.7)= 79 Kg/m)

Estimated do nhole p llback forceEstimated downhole pullback forceP llb k f (K )

Length (m)Pullback force (Kg)

In hole force (Kg/m)

Depth (m)

In hole force (Kg/m)

Pullback force (Kg) = In hole force (Kg) x 0 5 x ( length (m) + Depth (m) )Pullback force (Kg) = In hole force (Kg) x 0.5 x ( length (m) + Depth (m) )

Project 315mm product to be installed over 200m at a maximum depth of 4 6mProduct Buoyancy (Kg/m) Weight (Kg/m) In hole force(Kg/m) Downhole pullback force (Kg)

HDPE 315 mm PN10 empty 99.2 18.3 80.9 8276STEEL 315 mm empty 99.2 70 29.2 2987

HDPE 315 mm PN10 filled 99.2 79 20.2 2066

Project 315mm product to be installed over 200m at a maximum depth of 4.6m

HDPE 315 mm PN10 filled 99.2 79 20.2 2066

Total p llback force d ring projectTotal pullback force during project

Pullback force (Kg)

Pull = 1 x External pull force

Pull = 0 5 x External pull force + 0 5 x Downhole forcePull = 0.5 x External pull force + 0.5 x Downhole force

Pull = 1 x Downhole pull forcep

E lExample200m 315 mm steel pipe without pipe roller support

ABCExternal Force (Kg) 0 3500 7000

Downhole Force (Kg) 2987 1494 0TOTAL FORCE (Kg) 2987 4994 7000 fluid density 1 25 Kg/lt

ABC

TOTAL FORCE (Kg) 2987 4994 7000TOTAL FORCE (Kg) 2557 4275 7000

fluid density 1.25 Kg/ltfluid density 1.07 Kg/lt

P d t tProduct stresses

• Stresses to take in consideration :• Stresses to take in consideration :– Tensile Stress

B di t– Bending stress– Hoop stress

BL d due to bending Buoyancy

Angle

Load due to bending

Pullforce Fluid drag

Hoop stressHoop stressDownhole fluid pressure calculation reaming/pullback

Rod/Product distance (m)Rod distance (m)

Hole diameter (mm)

M-depth (cm)P

Rod diameter (mm)

Hole diameter (mm)

P-depth (cm)

InputRod distance (m) 60 m 197 ft

M-depth (m) 7 m 23 ftRod diameter (mm) 89 mm 3.50 inchHole diameter (mm) 125 mm 4.92 inch

Rod/Product diameter (mm)

Rod/Product distance (m) 180 m 591 ftP-depth (m) 6 m 20 ft

Rod/Product diameter (mm) 400 mm 15.7 inchHole diameter (mm) 500 mm 19.7 inch

Flow capacity (lpm) 300 lpm 78 gpmMud density (kg/dm3) 1.25 kg/dm3 10.6 ppgPl i i i ( ) 2 2 Pressure Flow (liters/minute)

P

Plastic viscosity (cp) 25 cp 25 cpYield point (lb/100ft2) 34 lb/100ft2 34 lb/100ft2

Flow to the machine (lpm) 9 lpm 2.329 gpmFlow to the exit (lpm) 291 lpm 75.593 gpm

Exit average fluid velocity (m/s) 0.07 m/s 0.221 ft/s

ResultsStatic pressure 0 9 Kg cm2 12 8 psi

Pr

Static pressure 0.9 Kg.cm2 12.8 psi*Dynamic pressure 1.8 Kg.cm2 25.7 psi

Total pressure 2.7 Kg.cm2 38.5 psi

RA



Drilling tools selection!Drilling tools selection!

Cutting techniques J iCutting techniques related to underground.

Jetting

Underground conditions• Fine grained (cohesive)

material Scraping

– Clay– Loam– Fine sand

S i /C ti /(J tti )– Scraping/Compacting/(Jetting)• Coarse grained (non cohesive)

material– Sand Point load– Sand– Gravel– Cobble– Scraping/Compacting/(Jetting)

• Rock– Sedimentary– Metamorphic

Igneous Impact– Igneous– Scraping/Point load/Impact

Impact

SPT UNDRAINED SHEAR STRENGTHSPT - UNDRAINED SHEAR STRENGTH

SPTN value Consistency Undrained shearN value Consistency Undrained shear

Strength [kPa]< 2 Very soft < 10< 2 Very soft < 102 - 4 Soft 10 – 205 8 Firm 20 405 - 8 Firm 20 – 409 - 15 Stiff 40 – 75

16 - 30 Very stiff 75 – 150> 30 Hard > 150

Hardness/Consistency will determine tool selection

SOILSOILParticle distribution chart

Silica content will determine the lifetime of the tools

R k P ti R l t d t D illiRock Properties Related to Drilling

• Strength & Hardness

• Abrasiveness - Silica Content

• Texture - Grain Size

D it P it• Density - Porosity

• Amount of WeatheringAmount of Weathering

C i St thCompressive StrengthCompressive Strength (PSI)

Basalts - Granite

Dolerites

Slate

Quartzite

Gneiss - Schist

Andesites

Sandstone

Chert

Marble

Slate

Clays

Marls

Shales

Limestone

Coal

Clays

0

1000

0

2000

0

3000

0

4000

0

5000

0

6000

0

1 2 3 4 5 6

Compressive Strength (PSI)

Rock Strength greatly depends on the mineral composition, and the bonding forces between crystals.

Tool application chart

Tooling Soft terrain Gravel Cobble Soft rock Soft rock Medium rock Hard rock< 30 mm < 20Mpa 20 to 70 Mpa 70 to 140 Mpa >140 Mpa

StandardTrihawk IT ih k IITrihawk IITrihawk IIITrihawk IVT ih k VTrihawk VBend subMudmotorR A T TR.A.T.T.

Input InputInside diameter (mm) 66.2 mm 2.61 inch Given pressure drop (kg/cm2) 10 kg/cm2 142 psiFlow capacity (lpm) 300 lpm 77.92 gpm

Rods/Tooling pressure drop calculations2) Drillhead/mudmotor pressure drop1) Drillrods/pipe pressure drop calculations

Flow capacity (lpm) 300 lpm 77.92 gpmDrillrod/pipe length (m) 240 m 787 ftVertical distance (m) 10 m 33 ft Input

Size of the nozzle (mm) 10 mm 0.39 InchMud density (kg/dm3) 1.04 kg/dm3 8.80 ppg 13 /32 inchPlastic viscosity (cp) 12 cp 12 cp Amount of nozzles 1 1Yield point (lb/100ft2) 20 lb/100ft2 20 lb/100ft2 Results

Results Pressure drop (kg/cm2) 23 21 kg/cm2 330 psi

3) Nozzle/Roller bit/Reamer/Hole opener pressure drop

Results Pressure drop (kg/cm2) 23.21 kg/cm2 330 psiCritical velocity 1.9 m/s 6.3 ft/s

fluid velocity 1.5 m/s 4.8 ft/sReynolds number 8457 8457 Input

*Total pressure laminar or turbulent 2.2 Kg/cm2 31 psiResults

Results 35.41 kg/cm2 503 psiSt ti 1 04 k / 2 15 i

TOTAL FLUID PRESSURE NEEDED:

TOTAL PRESSURE DROP

LAMINAR

Static pressure 1.04 kg/cm2 15 psiDynamic pressure 2.18 kg/cm2 31 psi 17.4 Kw 22.7 hp

*Total pressure 3.22 kg/cm2 46 psi

ResultsStatic pressure 1.04 kg/cm2 15 psi

The information contained in this program is based on w idely accepted calculation models and formulas.

How ever, conditions may vary and information in the program is to be used as a guideline only.

REQUIRED POWER:

No liability is assumed by the creator of these calculations through the use of this program!not applicable, please use LAMINAR results!

Total mud pressure = Pr + Pd +Pn

P Dynamic pressure 0.00 kg/cm2 0 psi*Total pressure 1.04 kg/cm2 15 psi

RA

D (cm)

L (m)Rods pressure drop (Pr)

PP

L (m)

Nozzle pressure drop (Pn)Drillhead pressure drop (Pd)

Pilotbore hydraulic evaluationDownhole fluid pressure calculation pilotbore

Pilotbore hydraulic evaluation

Rod & Upset diameter (mm) D (cm)( )

Hole diameter (mm)

L (m)

D (cm) Drillheaddiameter (mm) P

InputRod pipe diameter (mm) 89 mm 3.50 inch LAMINAR

Rod upset diameter (mm) 105 mm 4.13 inch LAMINARDrillhead diameter (mm) 105 mm 4.13 inch LAMINAR

Hole diameter (mm) 125 mm 4.92 inch

Hole/rod flow behaviorHole/upset flow behavior

Hole/drillhead flow behavior

Flow capacity (lpm) 300 lpm 78 gpmDrillrod/pipe length (m) 240 m 787 ftVertical distance (m) 0.5 m 2 ft

Mud density (kg/dm3) 1.25 kg/dm3 10.6 ppgPlastic viscosity (cp) 22 cp 22 cpYield point (lb/100ft2) 34 lb/100ft2 34 lb/100ft2

Critical velocity (m/s) 2.3 m/s 7.7 ft/s 8.3 kg/cm2Pipe fluid velocity (m/s) 0.8 m/s 2.7 ft/s 0.0 kg/cm2

ResultsStatic pressure 0.1 kg/cm2 1.4 psi

*Dynamic pressure 8.3 kg/cm2 117.9 psi

*Laminar dynamic pressure*Turbulent dynamic pressure

Total pressure 8.4 kg/cm2 119.3 psi

RANo liability is assumed by the creator of these calculations through the use of this program!


P llb k h d li l tiPullback hydraulic evaluationDownhole fluid pressure calculation reaming/pullbackDownhole fluid pressure calculation reaming/pullback

Rod/Product distance (m)Rod distance (m)

Hole diameter (mm)

M-depth (cm)PHole diameter (mm)

Rod diameter (mm)

Hole diameter (mm)

P-depth (cm)

InputRod distance (m) 60 m 197 ft

M-depth (m) 7 m 23 ftRod diameter (mm) 89 mm 3.50 inchH l di t ( ) 125 4 92 i h

Rod/Product diameter (mm)

Hole diameter (mm) 125 mm 4.92 inch

Rod/Product distance (m) 180 m 591 ftP-depth (m) 6 m 20 ft

Rod/Product diameter (mm) 400 mm 15.7 inchHole diameter (mm) 500 mm 19.7 inch

Flow capacity (lpm) 300 lpm 78 gpmMud density (kg/dm3) 1.25 kg/dm3 10.6 ppg

P essure Flow (liters/minute)

P

Mud density (kg/dm3) 1.25 kg/dm3 10.6 ppgPlastic viscosity (cp) 25 cp 25 cpYield point (lb/100ft2) 34 lb/100ft2 34 lb/100ft2

Flow to the machine (lpm) 9 lpm 2.329 gpmFlow to the exit (lpm) 291 lpm 75.593 gpm

Exit average fluid velocity (m/s) 0.07 m/s 0.221 ft/s

Results

Pressu

Static pressure 0.9 Kg.cm2 12.8 psi*Dynamic pressure 1.8 Kg.cm2 25.7 psi

Total pressure 2.7 Kg.cm2 38.5 psi

RA



Boreplanning toolsBoreplanning tools

• Atlas bore plannerT i i• Terrainmapping

Vermeer Manufacturing Company reserves the right to makeVermeer Manufacturing Company reserves the right to make changes in engineering, design and specifications; add improvements; or discontinue at any time without notice or obligation.

Vermeer is a trademark of Vermeer Manufacturing Company in the U.S. and other countries.

© 2008 Vermeer Manufacturing CompanyAll rights reserved.

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