acex abstract 102
TRANSCRIPT
-
1 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
ACEX2011
ABSTRACT BOOK
IRONIX CONFERENCES MANAGEMENT
we organise conferences!
Edited by:
IRONIX CONFERENCES
www.ironix-conferences.com
-
2 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
PREFACE
It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 5TH
International Conference on Advanced
Computational Engineering and Experimenting, (ACE-X 2011) at Hilton Vilamoura (Rua da Torre
d'Agua, Lote 4.11.1B Vilamoura, Algarve, 8125-615, Portugal) Algarve, Portugal, from 03-06 JULY,
2011. More details on the event can be found on our web page http://www.ace-x2011.com.
ACE-X 2011 aimed at attracting a balanced portion of delegates from academia, industry and
research institutions and laboratories involved with research and development work. In doing so, the
conference provides a binding platform for academics and industrialists to network together,
exchange ideas, provide new information and give new insights into overcoming the current
challenges facing the academics and the industrialists relating to the Advanced Computational
Engineering and Experimenting.
I would like to thank the Organising Committee members and members of the Local Committe for
their help in contributing to the successful organisation of this meeting and special thanks to Prof.
Paulo Tavares de Castro (Head of Local Committee) for his support.
I would like to thank the colleagues, organisers of the SPECIAL SESSIONS, Thank you!
A special thanks to ACEX2011 Co-chairs, Professor Lucas da Silva, Professor Holm Altenbach and
Professor Rudrapatna V. Ramanth for supporting one more ACEX .
Thank all delegates for the decision in attending ACEX 2011 hope you will find the meeting very
useful for your work, business and a useful forum for obtaining new knowledge.
2012, we will organise the ACEX conference in an utmost historical city: Athens (Greece)
Have fun learning and meeting new people!
Be helthy and keep yourself helthy!
Professor Andreas chsner
ACEX-CONFERENCE Chairman
-
3 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
GET INVOLVED with ADRA!
THE ADVENTIST DEVELOPMENT AND RELIEF AGENCY (ADRA) WORKS WITH PEOPLE IN POVERTY
AND DISTRESS TO CREATE JUST AND POSITIVE CHANGE THROUGH EMPOWERING PARTNER-
SHIPS AND RESPONSIBLE ACTION.
ADRA works in more than 120 countries around, working is varied and touches the lives of people in many
different cultures.
we believe its important to share our vision and our view of the world.
To learn more, visit www.adra.org , it will give you a window into the world of ADRA and the peoples lives
that we transform.
-
4 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
Reserve NOW your place at ACE-X 2012!
ASSURE THE BENEFIT OFFERED TO ALL ACEX2011 PARTICIPANTS, ONLY UNTIL 31
DECEMBER, 2011
Visit www.acex-conference.com
Or contact us!
-
5 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
PLENARY LECTURE 6
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 11
SPECIAL SESSION 1 / SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION AND IMAGING SYSTEMS (SS1) Prof. Fabiana R. Leta (organiser)
28
SPECIAL SESSION 2 / COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES (SS2) Prof. S.M.R. Khalili
41
SPECIAL SESSION 3 / BIOMECHANICS (SS3) Prof. Darwish (organiser)
76
SPECIAL SESSION 4 / FATIGUE AND FRACTURE (SS4) Prof. Paulo Tavares de Castro and Dr. Pedro MGP Moreira (organisers)
88
SPECIAL SESSION 5 / CRASH SIMULATION (SS5) Prof. Markus Merkel (organiser)
109
SPECIAL SESSION 6 / ADVANCED MATERIALS (SS6) Prof. Andreas Oechsner (organiser)
115
SPECIAL SESSION 7 / NUMERICAL METHODS AND MODELLING (SS7) Prof. M.N. Tamin (organiser)
129
SPECIAL SESSION 8 / OPTMISATION OF STRUCTURES AND COMPONENTS (SS8) Prof. Pablo A. Muoz-Rojas (organiser)
158
SPECIAL SESSION 9 / NANOMATERIALS (SS9) Prof. Noorhana Yahya and Dr. Lockman Zainovia (organisers)
167
SPECIAL SESSION 10 / BIOMECHATRONIC AND APPLIED ENGINEERING IN PROSTHESIS (SS10) Prof. J.A. Beltrn Fernndez (organiser)
35
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA 192
-
6 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
Plenary Lecture
Professor J. N. Reddy
ABOUT PROF JN REDDY
http://authors.isihighlycited.com/
and
http://www.tamu.edu/acml
Dr. Reddy is a Distinguished Professor and holder of the Oscar S. Wyatt Endowed Chair in
Mechanical Engineering at Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. Dr. Reddy is the author of
over 375 journal papers and 16 text books on theoretical formulations and finite-element analysis of
problems in solid and structural mechanics (plates and shells), composite materials, computational
fluid dynamics, numerical heat transfer, and applied mathematics. The books authored by Dr. Reddy
include: An Introduction to Continuum Mechanics (Cambridge University Press, 2008); An Introduction
to Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis, Oxford University Press, 2004; An Introduction to the Finite
Element Method, McGraw-Hill, 1984 (3rd
ed., 2006); The Finite Element Method in Heat Transfer and
Fluid Dynamics, coauthored with D. K. Gartling, CRC Press (3rd
ed., 2010), Energy Principles and
Variational Methods in Applied Mechanics, John Wiley, l984 (2nd
ed., 2002); Applied Functional
Analysis and Variational Methods in Engineering, McGraw-Hill, 1986; Mechanics of Laminated
Composite Plates and Shells: Theory and Analysis, CRC Press, 1997 (2nd
ed., 2004); and Theory and
Analysis of Elastic Plates and Shells, Taylor & Francis, (2nd
ed., 2007). Dr. Reddy serves on the
editorial boards of about two-dozen journals, and he is the Editor-in-Chief of Applied Mechanics
Reviews (ASME), Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, International Journal of
Computational Methods in Engineering Science and Mechanics, and International Journal of Structural
Stability and Dynamics. Dr. Reddy is one of the selective few researchers in engineering around world
who are recognized by ISI Highly Cited Researchers with over 10,000 citations and H-index of over
40.
.
THERMOMECHANICAL RESPONSE OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED STRUCTURES
Reddy, J. N. and Muliana, A.
Advanced Computational Mechanics Laboratory
Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843-3123
ABSTRACT
-
7 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
Functionally gradient materials (FGM) are a class of composites that have a gradual variation of
material properties from one surface to another. These novel materials were
proposed as thermal barrier materials for applications in space planes, space structures, nuclear
reactors, turbine rotors, flywheels, and gears, to name only a few. As conceived and manufactured
today, these materials are isotropic and nonhomogeneous Two-constituent FGMs are usually made of
a mixture of ceramic and metals for use in thermal environments. The ceramic constituent of the
material provides the high temperature resistance due to its low thermal conductivity. The ductile metal
constituent, on the other hand, prevents fracture due to high temperature gradient ina very short
period of time. Typical situations where thermal shock occurs are during reentry of space vehicles,
where the temperature changes from 273oC to about 1,100oC in a few minutes, and the advanced
gas turbine, wherein a severe temperature transient of a change in temperature of 1,500oC occurs
over a time period of 15 s. The present lecture is an overview of the recent developments in the
numerical modeling of functionally graded structures [1-5]. The lecture will present detailed discussion
of the influence of geometric nonlinearity and temperature-dependent material properties on the
response of functionally graded structures.
Acknowledgement. The research reported herein was carried out under a research projects from the
NSF, Grant CMMI-1030836 and MURI09 project from the AFOSR under grant FA9550-09-1-0686.The
support is gratefully acknowledged.
References
1. J. N. Reddy and C. D. Chin, Thermomechanical Analysis of Functionally Graded Cylinders and
Plates, J. Thermal Stresses, 26(1), 593-626, 1998.
2. G. N. Praveen and J. N. Reddy, Nonlinear Transient Thermoelastic Analysis of Functionally
Graded Ceramic-Metal Plates, Journal of Solids and Structures, 35(33), 4457-4476, 1998.
3. R. A. Arciniega and J. N. Reddy, Large Deformation Analysis of Functionally Graded Shells,
International Journal of Solids and Structures, 44(6), 2036-2052, 2007.
4. R. Gunes and J. N. Reddy, Nonlinear Analysis of Functionally Graded Circular Plates Under
Different Loads and Boundary Conditions, International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics,
8(1), 131-159, 2008.
5. M. Bayat, B. B. Sahari, M. Saleem, A. M. S. Hamouda, and J. N. Reddy, Thermo Elastic Analysis
of Functionally Graded Rotating Disks with Temperature-Dependent Material Properties: Uniform and
Variable Thickness, International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design, 5(3), 263-279, 2009.
.
Plenary Lecture
Professor A. J. M. Ferreira
ANALYSIS OF LAMINATED PLATES AND SHELLS BY
COLLOCATION WITH RADIAL BASIS FUNCTIONS
A. J. M. Ferreira
Departamento de Engenharia Mecnica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade
do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
Introduction
Recently, radial basis functions (RBFs) have enjoyed considerable success and research as a
technique for interpolating data and functions. A radial basis function, (kxxjk) is a spline that
-
8 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
depends on the Euclidian distance between distinct data centers xj , j = 1, 2, ...,N Rn, also called
nodal or collocation points.
Although most work to date on RBFs relates to scattered data approximation and in general to
interpolation theory, there has recently been an increased interest in their use for solving partial
differential equations (PDEs). This approach, which approximates the whole solution of the PDE
directly using RBFs, is very attractive due to the fact that this is truly a mesh-free technique.
Kansa [1] introduced the concept of solving PDEs using RBFs.
Structures composed of laminated materials are among the most important structures used in modern
engineering and, especially, in the aerospace industry.
Such lightweight structures are also being increasingly used in civil, mechanical and transportation
engineering applications. The rapid increase of the industrial use of these structures has necessitated
the development of new analytical and numerical tools that are suitable for the analysis and study of
the mechanical behavior of such structures. The behavior of structures composed of advanced
composite materials is considerably more complicated than for isotropic ones. The strong influences of
anisotropy, the transverse stresses through the thickness of a laminate and the stress distributions at
interfaces are among the most important factors that affect the general performance of such
structures. The use of shear deformation theories has been the topic of intensive research, as in [2
14], among many others.
The analysis of laminated plates by finite element methods is now considerably established. The use
of alternative methods such as the meshless methods based on radial basis functions is atractive due
to the absence of a mesh and the ease of collocation methods. More recently the author and
colleagues have applied RBFs to the static deformations of composite beams, plates and shells [15
22].
This paper presents a review of current methods for the analysis of laminated plates and shells by
strong-form-based meshless methods.
References
[1] E. J. Kansa. Multiquadrics- a scattered data approximation scheme with applications to
computational fluid dynamics.i: Surface approximations and partial derivative estimates. Comput.Math.
Appl., 19(8/9):127145, 1990.
[2] E. Reissner. A consistment treatment of transverse shear deformations in laminated anisotropic
plates. AIAA J., 10(5):716718, 1972.
[3] J. N. Reddy. Mechanics of Laminated Composite Plates: Theory and Analysis. CRC Press, Boca
Raton 1997.
[4] E. Reissner and Y. Stavsky. Bending and stretching of certain types of aelotropic elastic plates. J.
Appl. Mech., 28:402408, 1961.
[5] Y. Stavsky. Bending and stretching of laminated aelotropic plates. J. Eng. Mechanics, ASCE, 87
(EM6):3156, 1961.
[6] S. B. Dong, K. S. Pister, and R. L. Taylor.On the theory of laminated anisotropic plates and shells.
J. Aeronautical Science, 29(8):969975, 1962.
[7] P. C. Yang, C. H. Norris, and Y. Stavsky.Elastic wave propagation in heterogeneous plates. Int. J.
Solids and Structures, 2:665684, 1966.
[8] S. A. Ambartsumyan. Theory of anisotropic plates (translated from Russian. Technomic, Stamford,
CT, 1969.
[9] J. M. Whitney and A. W. Leissa. Analysis of heterogeneous anisotropic plates. J. Appl. Mechanics,
36(2):261266, 1969.
[10] J. N. Reddy. A simple higher-order theory for laminated composite plates. J.of Applied Mechanics,
51:745752, 1984.
[11] J. N. Reddy. A refined nonlinear theory of plates with transverse shear deformation. Int. J. of
Solids and Structures, 20(9/10):881906, 1984.
-
9 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
[12] B. N. Pandya and T. Kant. Higher-order shear deformable theories for flexure of sandwich plates-
finite element evaluations. Int. J. Solids and Structures,24:419451, 1988.
[13] G. Akhras, M. S. Cheung, and W. Li. Finite strip analysis for anisotropic laminated composite
plates using higher-order deformation theory. Computers & Structures, 52(3):471477, 1994.
[14] E. Carrera. C0 reissner-mindlin multilayered plate elements including zig-zag and interlaminar
stress continuity. International Journal of Numerical Methods in Engineering, 39:17971820, 1996.
[15] A. J. M. Ferreira. A formulation of the multiquadric radial basis function method for the analysis of
laminated composite plates. Composite Structures, 59:385392, 2003.
[16] A. J. M. Ferreira. Thick composite beam analysis using a global meshless approximation based
on radial basis functions. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 10:271284, 2003.
[17] A. J. M. Ferreira, C. M. C. Roque, and P. A. L. S. Martins. Analysis of composite plates using
higher-order shear deformation theory and a finite point formulation based on the multiquadric radial
basis function method. Composites: Part B, 34:627636, 2003.
[18] A. J. M. Ferreira. Polyharmonic (thin-plate) splines in the aalysis of composite plates. International
Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 46(10):15491569, 2004.
[19] A. J. M. Ferreira, C. M. C. Roque, and R. M. N. Jorge.Analysis of composite plates by
trigonometric shear deformation theory and multiquadrics. Computers and Structures, 83(27):2225
2237, 2005.
[20] A. J. M. Ferreira, C. M. C. Roque, and R. M. N. Jorge. Modelling cross-ply laminated elastic shells
by a higher-order theory and multiquadrics. Computers and Structures, 84(19-20):12881299, 2006.
[21] A. J. M. Ferreira, C. M. C. Roque, and R. M. N. Jorge. Static and free vibration analysis of
composite shells by radial basis functions. Engineering analysis with boundary elements, 30:719733,
2006.
[22] A. J. M..Ferreira and G. E. Fasshauer. Computation of natural frequencies of shear deformable
beams and plates by a rbf-pseudospectral method. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and
Engineering, 196:134146, 2006.
..
Plenary Lecture
Professor H. Altenbach
THEORY OF PLATES AND SHELLS AT THE NANOSCALE
H. Altenbach1, V. A. Eremeyev1,2
1 Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany,
2 South Scientific Center of RASci and South Federal University, Russia,
The development of nanotechnologies extends the field of application of the classical or non-classical
theories of mechanics towards the new materials. The discussions on the application of the continuum
mechanics and the mechanics of structures in the nanoscale are very extensive, see [1] among
others. In general, modern nanomaterials have physical properties which are different from the bulk
material. The classical elasticity can be extended to the nanoscale by implementation of the theory of
elasticity taking into account the surface stresses, cf. [1] among others. In particular, the surface
stresses are responsible for the size-effect, that means the material properties of a specimen depend
on its size.
For example, Youngs modulus of a cylindrical specimen increases significantly, when the cylinder
diameter becomes very small. Let us note that even for such nanostructures as nanoshells, nanofilms,
and nanoplates the continuum approach gives a satisfying coincidence with atomistic simulations, if
one takes into account the appropriate constitutive equations.
-
10 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
The theory of elasticity with surface stresses was applied to the modifications of the two-dimensional
theories of nanosized plates and shells, see, for example,
[26] and the references in it. The most popular in nanomechanics are the KirchhoffLove, Mindlin
Reissner, and von K`arm`an theories of plate and shells.
Here we use the general nonlinear theory of shell presented in [7, 8] for the modification of the
constitutive equations taking into account the surface stresses. We show that both the stress and the
couple stress resultant tensors may be represented as a sum of two terms. The first term is the
volume stress resultant while the second one determined by the surface stresses and the shell
geometry. This means that the stress resultants for the shell with surface stresses can be represented
as follows
T
= T + TS , M
= M+MS , (1)
where T and M are the classical stress and couple stress resultant tensors given for example in [7, 8],
while TS and MS are the resultant tensors induced by the surface stresses, see [6] for details.
In the linear case this modification reduces to the addition of new terms to the elastic stiffness
parameters. Follow [4, 5] we show that the bending stiffness is given by
D
= D + DS , (2)
where D =
Eh3
12(1 - n2)
is the classical bending stiffness, E and n are the Youngs modulus and the Poissons ratio of the bulk
material, h is the shell thickness, DS = h2mS + h2lS/2, and mS and lS are the surface elastic moduli.
The influence of the surface stresses on the bending stiffness of a shell is discussed.
We show that the surface elasticity makes a shell more stiffer in comparison with the shell without
surface stresses, i.e. D > D. The numerical examples show that the influence of the surface stresses
is negligible for the plate thickness more then 20 nm. The effect of the surface stresses may be more
significant for multilayered plates and shells and for plates and shells with fractal-like surface.
We also applied the concept of the surface stresses to the plates and shells with rough surface which
has fractal-like relief. In particular, we consider the surface coated by nano- or microfibers array and
discuss constitutive equations for the effective surface energy of such surfaces. In this case the
influence of the surface stresses more significant as in the case of the smooth surface.
The second author was supported by the RFBR with the grant No. 09-01-00459 and by the DFG with
the grant No. AL 341/33-1.
References
[1] Duan, H. L.,Wang, J. & Karihaloo, B. L. Theory of elasticity at the nanoscale.
In Advances in Applied Mechanics, Elsevier. 2008. 42. 168.
[2] Lu, P., He, L. H., Lee, H. P. & Lu, C. Thin plate theory including surfaceeffects. International
Journal of Solids and Structures, 2006.43(16). 46314647.
[3] Huang, D.W. Size-dependent response of ultra-thin films with surface effects.International Journal
of Solids and Structures, 2008. 45(2).568579.
[4] Eremeyev, V. A., Altenbach, H. & Morozov, N. F. The influence of surfacetension on the effective
stiffness of nanosize plates. Doklady Physics, 2009.54(2). 98100.
[5] Altenbach, H., Eremeyev, V. A. & Morozov, N. F. Linear theory of shellstaking into account surface
stresses. Doklady Physics, 2009, 54(12).531535.
[6] Altenbach, H., & Eremeyev V.A. On the shell and plate theories withsurface stresses. In Shell
Structures.Theory and Applications.Vol. 2. W.Pietraszkiewicz, I. Kreja (eds). Boca Raton, CRC Press,
2010. 4750.
[7] Libai, A. & Simmonds, J. G. The Nonlinear Theory of Elastic Shells, (2nded.). Cambridge,
Cambridge University Press. 1998.
-
11 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
[8] Chroscielewski, J., Makowski, J. & Pietraszkiewicz, W. Statyka i dynamika powok
wielopatowych: Nieliniowa teoria i metoda elementow skonczonych.Warszawa, Wydawnictwo IPPT
PAN. 2004.
.
Experimental methods
ACEX299
Mr. Christian Maier
University of Applied Sciences Aalen,
GERMANY
Aero-acoustical Analysing of the wake flow of a Cylinder
C. Maier2, D. Harrison2, M. Macdonald2, W. Waidmann1, W. Pannert1
1University of Applied Sciences Aalen, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalen, Germany
2Glasgow Caledonian University, School of Engineering and Computing, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Abstract
When a fluid flows over a cylinder with a defined velocity, it creates a tonal noise in the cylinder
backlash. This tonal noise can be predicted analytically using the Strouhal Number and numerically
using suitable flow simulation software that can analyse the flow in a way that aero-acoustical noise
can be predicted. Calculating and predicting this tonal noise can be done with approaches from Lighthill
using the wave equation and solving it analytically. A software package like ANSYS FLUENT
provides an opportunity to do this.
It is possible to get information about a receiver from observer points within the physical environment
remotely. There could possibly be more than one point containing the acoustic pressure, directivity,
spectra and overall sound pressure level (OASPL). There is also information about source strength,
contribution from different sources and source classification that can be ascertained as well [1]. The
work described in this paper shows a comparison of a FLUENT software simulation to
measurements taken using an acoustic camera to analyse the wake flow over a cylinder.
One of the challenges in aero-acoustics is to resolve all eddies. This demands a very fine discretisation
of the mesh - about 15-20 grid points per wavelength is necessary (dependent on the highest
frequency of interest). Boundary layers (inflations) are necessary at the sound origin also to resolve the
delamination of the flow in that region. A small time step is important as well to predict noise. Another
big challenge is to decouple the acoustic field from the hydrodynamic field using Large Eddy Simulation
(LES). The acoustic radiation contains only a tiny fraction of energy of the primary flow. With a two-step
approach it might be possible to obtain a solution to this problem. The transient flow field is solved by
using the LES model and the acoustic perturbations are predicted at the receiver using the enhanced
wave equation by Lighthill (FW-H Acoustic Analogy) [2].
Reference
[1] ANSYS FLUENT. Introduction to Acoustics Modeling. 2008. www.fluentusers.com.
[2] ANSYS FLUENT. Acoustic Analogy Modeling. 2008. www.fluentusers.com.
.
Experimental methods
ACEX118
-
12 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
Prof. Pierre Matar
Lebanese University,
LEBANON
Using Recycled Concrete Aggregates in Precast Concrete Hollow Blocks
P. Matar1, R. El Dalati2
1Lebanese University, Faculty of Engineering, Section 2, Roumieh, Lebanon
2Lebanese University, Faculty of Engineering, Section 1, Tripoli, Lebanon
Abstract
Among the construction waste that could be recycled, we can mention the aggregates resulted from the
crushed concrete. While the acquired knowledge about the use of recycled aggregates in new concrete
mixtures is fairly large [1, 2], the use of such aggregates in the production of concrete blocks is very
limited [3]. This study aims to determine the influence of the use of recycled aggregates in precast
concrete hollow blocks on their compression resistance. Tests were carried out to determine the
optimal rate of recycled aggregates content to be used in the manufacture of concrete blocks in order
to obtain blocks having suitable compression strength. Tests were executed on several series of blocks
whose composition includes recycled aggregates and on two series of blocks whose composition
consisted exclusively of natural aggregates.
The tests results have provided the maximum percentage of recycled aggregates that can be included
in new concrete block mixes without affecting the blocks compression resistance. The tests have
shown that the use of recycled aggregates in concrete blocks could give a compression resistance
similar to that of blocks manufactured without any recycled aggregates. Tests have shown also that
using recycled aggregates in the manufacture of concrete blocks without any natural aggregates is not
economical, because of the need to add a relatively high percentage of cement necessary to obtain the
required compression resistance.
[1] T.C. Hansen, in Report of Technical Committee 37-DRC: Demolition and Reuse of Concrete,
RILEM, p. 316, Chapman and Hall, London (1992).
[2] J. Merlet, P. Pimienta, in Proceedings of the Third International RILEM Symposium: Demolition and
Reuse of Concrete and Masonry, p. 343, Spon E & FN, London (1993).
[3] P. Pimienta, T. Tran, P. Delmotte, M. Colombard-Prout, in Proceedings of the International
Symposium: Sustainable Construction Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate, p. 297, London, (1998).
.
Experimental methods
ACEX132
Ms. Marija Smilovi
University of Split,
CROATIA
Testing of Wood-Concrete and Steel-Concrete Composite Elements
M. Smilovi1, D. ubela2, J. Radni1, A. Harapin1
1 Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Split, Croatia.
2 Faculty of Civil Engineering University of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Abstract
The paper presents the results of experimental tests with numerical comparison of some typical
composite elements. Two different kinds of elements were tested: composite steel-concrete and
-
13 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
composite wood-concrete elements (Fig. 1) [2]. Deflections at mid-span of simply supported beams
under monotonously increasing static load were measured (Fig. 2). The influence of different types of
composite joints on the results was analysed.
Fig. 1 Some girders prepared for testing Fig. 2 Comparasion of experimental and calculated mid-span
deflection for the wood-concrete element
In numerical tests, the main structure was modeled with two-dimensional plane elements [1]. The
composite surface was modeled with two-dimensional interface elements for the continuous connection
simulation and modified beam elements for the discrete connection simulation. The applied material
models include the most important nonlinear effects of concrete, steel and wood behavior, as well as
nonlinear behavior of the composite at the connection surface. The numerical results of developed
numerical model were compared with the experimental test results.
[1] A. Harapin, J. Radni, D.ubela, Numerical model for composite structures with experimental
confirmation, Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik, 39 (2), p. 143-156 (2008).
[2] J. Radni, D. ubela, A. Harapin, Experimental tests of some composite steel-concrete, wood-
concrete and concrete-concrete elements, International Journal for Engineering Modelling, 16 (3-4), p.
121-127 (2005).
Experimental methods
ACEX372
Dr. Sergey I. Shtork
Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS
RUSSIA
Instability Diagnostics of Swirling Flows in Model Vortex Generators
S.I. Shtork1,2, I.V. Litvinov2, E.C. Fernandes3
1Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Lavrentyev Ave. 1, 630090, Russia.
2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Pirogova Str. 2, 630090, Russia.
3Instituto Superior Tcnico, Lisbon, Av.Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Portugal.
Abstract
Unsteady phenomena with formation of nonstationary vortex structures are frequently encountered in
industrial and natural swirling flows. In case of the technological devices such as gas-turbine
combustors a strong flow swirling provides essential condition for their proper operation but gives rise
to the flow instability referred to as a precessing vortex core (PVC) [1]. Precessing vortices may
produce undesirable vibrations and noise and in addition modulate heat release driving thermo-
acoustic oscillations. For these reasons a detailed characterization of these structures is needed in
order to predict their impact on the device operation and discover ways to restrain the danger they
pose. It has been demonstrated previously that acoustic technique can be an effective tool for analysis
of the instability modes in swirling flows, particularly emerging in practical vortex combustors [2, 3].
These studies are being extended in current work to characterize precessing vortex structures
generated in different types of vortex generators. Swirlers with axial blades and tangential inlets were
used to explore the PVC behavior for a wide range of the swirl parameter variation. The acoustic
measurements have been complemented by flowfield data obtained using a laser-Doppler
anemometer. Finally, the study should provide a dataset on the vortex structure characteristics which
can be used in a theoretical analysis in order to build a universal predicting tool to calculate properties
of the unsteady swirling flows in practical vortex apparatus.
[1] N. Syred, Prog. Energy Combust. Sc., 32, 93 (2006).
[2] S.I. Shtork, N.F. Vieira and E.C. Fernandes, Fuel, 87, 2314 (2008).
-
14 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
[3] B. Gktepe, R. Gebart, N. Leito and E.C. Fernandes, In Proc. HEFAT 2010 7th International
Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics (Antalya, Turkey, 2010).
.
Experimental methods
ACEX028
Prof. Ming Jin
Beijing Jiaotong University,
P. R. China
Mohr circle of finite strain and its construction for strain rosettes
M. Jin1,2 S.H.Chen2 G. S. Dui1 Z. B. Bao1
1 Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
2The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,
100190, P. R. China
Abstract
In small deformation, Mohr circle provides a graphical method for infinitesimal strain analysis. However
strain analysis in large deformation is complicate and abstract[1][2] For metal in plasticity, biomaterials,
rubber-like materials, shape memory alloy, shape memory polymer, and the change of geological
structure and the like, deformation is generally very large. By finite strain rosettes, how to measure the
principal strain and its direction on surface of a body in large deformation is an important problem in
engineering and in experiment. In view of the fact that engineers and geologists prefer graphical
method to analytical method, it is a basic problem whether Mohr circle of infinitesimal strain can be
generalized in large deformation. To the best of our knowledge, there has not been discussion on
generalization of Mohr circle of strain in large deformation till now.
In this paper, Mohr circle of infinitesimal strain is generalized in finite strain. If Lagrangean normal strain
and a half of value that dilatation ratio of surface times tangent to shear angle, are taken as normal
strain (the abscissa) and shear strain (the ordinate), respectively, diagram of the normal strain versus
the shear strain is still a circle in finite strain. This strain circle provides a graphical method for finite
strain analysis. For finite strain rosettes, the construction of Mohr circle of infinitesimal strain described
by Murphy[3] is generalized in finite strain. For and finite strain rosettes, some Mohr circles are
presented based on different measurement of strain gauges. For and finite strain rosettes, formulas
of the greatest, the least engineering normal strain, the principal direction and the greatest shear angle
are presented.
[1] Eringen, A. C., 1980. Mechanics of Continua, Second Edition. Robert E. Krieger Publishing
Company, Inc., New York.
[2] Odgen, R. W.,1997. Nonlinear Elastic Deformation. Dover Publications, Inc., New York.
[3]Murphy, G., A graphical method for the evaluation of principal strains from normal strains, J. appl.
Mech. 12, 209-210 (1945).
.
Experimental methods
ACEX076
Mr. Felipe Ferreira Luz
Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul,
BRAZIL
-
15 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
Fluid Flow Behaviour Studies in Resin Transfer Moulding
F.F. Luz1, S.C. Amico1, A.G.B de Lima2
1Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre/RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
2Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande/PB, 58429-140, Brazil.
Abstract
This work aims to characterize the fluid flow in an RTM system. Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM), which
belongs to the liquid moulding family, is extensively used to manufacture advanced composite
materials comprised of fibres embedded in a thermoset polymer matrix [1]. The fibre reinforcement in
RTM is considered a porous medium which is infiltrated by the polymer resin. An adequate
characterization of the preform permeability and porosity, and fluid viscosity are determinant for a
successful flow simulation and the actual manufacturing process [2]. During the past decade, many
research studies have been reported on permeability characterization and RTM process design
optimization [3]. Nevertheless, there is a leak of in a full study preform/fluid RTM system.
Several experiments were carried out in order to characterize the fluid (vegetable oil) impregnation of a
plain weave glass fibre fabric under radial flow in an RTM system. The following parameters were
varied: injection pressure, fibre volume fraction and temperature. The results obtained included the
variation in permeability and filling time for the various experimental runs. Those parameters result
were combined in most different ways for a clear understanding of the fluid behaviour. This data will be
later used as input and to validate an ANSYS CFX simulation.
.
Experimental methods
ACEX115
Prof. Abosaeid Rashidi
Islamic Azad University,
IRAN
Effect of Nitrogen Plasma on Zeta- potential of cotton fabrics
A.Rashidi1,*, S.Shahidi2, M.Ghoranniviss3
1 Departemnt of Textile, Faculty of Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad
University, Tehran, Iran
2Department of Textile , Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran
3 Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O.Box:
14665-678, Tehran, Iran
*e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
In this research work, the cotton samples were treated using Nitrogen plasma. The process has been
performed in a low temperature plasma medium, using a magnetron sputtering device. After preparing
the samples the zeta potentials of the untreated and Nitrogen plasma treated cotton fabrics under
different pH values were estimated and compared. Also the physical and chemical properties of the
fabrics were examined by surface analysis methods and textile technology tests. The results will be
discussed thoroughly in the full paper.
.
-
16 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
Experimental methods
ACEX123
Prof. Komiya Kazuhito
Chiba Institute of Technology,
JAPAN
Dynamic Interaction Between Discrete Soil and Solid Structure
K. Komiya* and N. Kodama**
* Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba, Japan, [email protected]
** Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, [email protected]
Abstract
Dynamic soil-structure interaction is often modelled by introducing soil-springs that are used to apply
external forces, to introduce traction, or to impose displacement or acceleration boundary conditions. In
these models, conditions of the soil such as its stress path are not modelled. However, the soil-
structure interaction is fully expected to influence the soil condition around the structure when the soil
largely deforms. In reality, the stress or strain states of the soil change continuously as the soil and the
structure interact while they move. Therefore in order to understand the soil-structure interaction
mechanism, dynamic pressure-relative displacement relation between the soil and the structure needs
to be investigated associated with soil conditions.
In this study, laboratory shaking tests were conducted using the unique apparatus designed to have the
structure move only by its inertial force and the lateral earth pressure that comes from the soil. The
earth pressure at the structure surface and the relative displacement between the soil and the structure
were measured in the experiments under various soil conditions.
From the experimental results, it is implied linear soil-springs or even tension-cut soil-springs are
inadequate to model the earth pressure-relative displacement relations while shaking. Results
calculated by Discrete Element models are compared to those of the experiments, and features of the
discrete soil conditions in the dynamic soil-structure interaction are discussed.
Keywords: Soil-structure dynamic interaction, Discrete element method, Laboratory shaking test,
Earthquake
Komiya Kazuhito / Professor, Chiba Institute of Technology / 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba
275-8588, Japan / +81-47-478-0474 / [email protected]
KODAMA Noriko/ Assistant Professor, Waseda Institute for Advanced Study / 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku,
Tokyo 169-8555, Japan /+81-3-5286-2145 / [email protected]
Experimental methods
ACEX145
Mr. Bruno Allison Arajo
Federal University of Campina Grande,
BRAZIL
Residual stress measurements by x-ray diffraction in API 5L X80 steel welds
B.A. Arajo, T.M. Maciel, A.A. Silva, E.P. Soares, J.G.M. Arajo, J.A.P. Carrasco
1Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande-PB, Brazil.
-
17 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
Abstract
Over the last decade, welding residual stresses have received increased attention in pressure vessel
and structural applications. The primary driving force can be attributed to the fact that recent advances
in structural integrity assessment of welded components demand more accurate information on the
residual stress state [1]. Tensile residual stress is a main factor resulting in stress corrosion cracking,
fatigue damage and brittle fracture. When the risk for growth of defects such as surface cracking at
piping systems in nuclear power plants is assessed, the welding residual stresses maybe give a large
contribution to the total stress field. Therefore, it is very important to obtain the accurate information on
welding residual stress distribution in a welded joint [2]. This study will assess the level of longitudinal
and transversal residual stresses in API 5L X80 steel welded joints. Were used three welded joints
obtained by different welding processes (GTAW and SMAW). The interpass temperature will be 175 C.
The residual stress measurements were performed by x-ray diffraction using the diffractometer and
software for analyzing results. The preliminary results shown that the residual stress welding at the
welded joint by GTAW process are compressive in Weld Metal (WM) and the Heat Affected Zone. This
suggests that the welded joint probably has a higher resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and stress
corrosion cracking.
[1] Anna Paradowska, John W.H. Price, Raafat Ibrahim and Trevor Finlayson, Journal of materials
Processing Technology 164165 (2005) 10991105
[2] Dean Deng and Shoichi Kiyoshima, Computational Materials Science, Accepted 23 September
2010, article in press.
Experimental methods
ACEX164
Dr. S. Sundaram
SASTRA University
INDIA
Experimental Studies on a Diesel-Water Two Phase System in Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
V. Alagesan1, S. Sundaram2
1School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UNIVERSITY, Thanjavur, Tamil nadu, India-613402
2School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA UNIVERSITY, Thanjavur, Tamil nadu, India-
613402
AbstracT
Two phase heat transfer involving two immiscible systems is gaining importance in petrochemical and
allied industries. Varying compositions of diesel and water were experimentally studied in a 1:2 shell
and tube heat exchanger. The data on pure water and diesel were fitted to an equation of the form
h1= a NRem . The two phase multiplier,FL, was related to Lockhart Martinelli(L-M) parameter, tt2,
using the two phase data and a correlation FL = b* tt2 / c+ tt2 was established. The two phase heat
transfer coefficient was calculated based on the coefficients a and m for pure diesel and pure water
along with FL and L-M parameter. The calculated values of two phase heat transfer coefficient h2j
based on pure diesel and pure water suggest that diesel is a better reference fluid since the average
error is much lesser compared to pure water as reference
Keywords: Heat transfer coefficient; Shell and tube heat exchanger; Two phase flow; Lockhart
Martinelli parameter; Two phase multiplier.
-
18 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
Experimental methods
ACEX322
Prof. Ahmed Hassan Elshazly
King Abdulaziz University
SAUDI ARABIA
Improving the Corrosion Resistance of Rotating Cylinders by Using Polyaniline Coats
A.H. El-Shazly* H.A. Al-Turaif
Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University,
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
This work investigates the possibility of improving the corrosion resistance of rotating cylinders by using
polyaniline (PANi) coats. Electrochemical technique was used for layer formation. Many variables were
investigated for their effect on the coat stability such as: aniline concentrations, current density, solution
pH speed of rotation and rotating cylinder diameter. Examination of the formed layer was carried out by
different techniques such as Tafel extrapolation test and electrochemical impedance analysis.
Scanning electronic microscope(SEM), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used for
layer surface morphology and composition analysis.
Experimental methods
ACEX326
Dr. Ammar A. M. Al-Talib
UCSI University,
MALAYSIA
An Experimental and Simulation Study on A Stratified-Integrated-Solar
Water Heater With A Triangular Shape / Ammar A. M. Al-Talib / School of Engineering,
UCSI University/Malaysia, [email protected]
Abstract
One of the most widespread uses of solar thermal technology is solar water heating. Solar water
heating systems (SWHs) have now been used for more than sixty years (MNRE, 2007 and Kalogirou,
2004). In many countries, which include China, Israel, USA, Japan, Australia, South Africa and Cyprus,
SWHs are very popular for their use in community, commercial and industrial applications (Chow et al.,
2006; Houri, 2006; Kaldellis et al., 2005; Nieuwoudt and Mathews, 2005; Zhiqiang, 2005 and
Bhattacharya and Kumar, 2000 ).Integral systems combine the water storage tank and the collector into
one unit. These systems are simple and effective, however, due to high heat loss at night they only
provide hot water during the day and early evening. The products range from simple glazed low-
pressure plastic tanks to high quality steel tank systems with selective surface coatings to minimize
heat loss.These systems make up the major portion of the large market in Japan (Graham,1997). The
main limitation with this system concept is the night cooling and reverse circulation during nights and
during low solar radiation.The current study outlines the results of testing the effectiveness of using
stratification as a collector mechanism for night insulation tool and its effects on the performance of a
Triangular Integral Collector Storage (TICS) solar water heater. The main objective of the present work
was the desire to develop a new solar water heater design that can be easily manufactured using the
-
19 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
available local materials and labor. It can solve the problem of night cooling that is usually encountered
by most of the Integrated Collector Storage (ICS) solar water heaters. The system, in which this
solution is incorporated, was referred to as the Triangular Stratified Integrated Collector Storage
(TSICS) system.Experimental and numerical investigations were conducted on both the TICS and
TSICS systems under thermosyphonic mode with no water draw off. The results obtained showed that
the hourly efficiency for the TSICS system is higher than that of the TICS system, and the heat loss at
night is less for the TSICS system, indicating more favourable outcomes for the stratified
system.FEMLAB software was used to simulate the temperature and velocity distributions in both the
TICS and the TSICS systems. The results obtained are in high agreement with the experimental
results. In addition, FEMLAB has helped in finding the optimum dimensions for the TSICS system.
References:
[1]MNRE (2007). Annual Report: 20062007. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE),
Government of India, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi.
[2]Kalogirou, S.A. (2004). Environmental benefits of domestic solar energy systems. Energy
Conversion and Management, 45 (1819), 3075 3092.
[3]Chow, T.T., Fong, K.F., Chan, A.L. and Lin, Z., (2006). Potential application of a centralized solar
water-heating system for a high-rise residential building in Hong Kong. Applied Energy 83 (1), 4254.
[4]Houri, A., (2006). Solar water heating in Lebanon: current status and future prospects. Renewable
Energy 31 (5), 663675.
[5]Kaldellis, J.K., El-Samani, K. and Koronakis, P. (2005). Feasibility analysis of domestic solar water
heating systems in Greece. Renewable Energy 30 (5), 659682.
[6]Nieuwoudt, M.N. and Mathews, E.H., (2005). A mobile solar water heater for rural housing in
Southern Africa. Building and Environment ,40 (9), 12171234.
[7]Zhiqiang, Y. (2005). Development of solar thermal systems in China. Solar Energy Materials and
Solar Cells 86 (3), 427442.
[8]Bhattacharya, S.C., Kumar, S.C., (2000). Renewable energy in Asia: A technology and policy review.
World Renewable Energy Congress (WREC), Brighton, UK.
Experimental methods
ACEX328
Mr. Jonathan Camargo Leyva
Universidad de los Andes, COLOMBIA
Experimental method for explosion effect determination
J. Camargo1, L.E. Muoz1
1Universidad de los Andes, Bogot, COL.
Abstract
Objective study of the fragmentation originated by explosions is a challenging task, considering the
conditions in which the phenomena occur. Those conditions are directly related with the nature of the
explosion, which generates a high speed response of every part of the system, including dynamic
behaviours from the chemical, mechanical, and aerodynamical point of view.
Different studies focused on explosion shockwave measurement are found in literature [1-3]. Few have
considered fragment behaviour but aiming to the wound effects via simulation and medical testing [4-6].
This study presents an experimental approach to the determination of fragmentation characteristics,
isolating the fragmentation effects from the shockwave.
Based on the standard ITOP 4-2-813 [7] a measurement method is developed and implemented. This
standard provides simple guidelines for designing experiments for explosion effects, taking into account
-
20 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
the symmetric geometry of the explosive fragmentary specimen for simplifying data recollection,
measuring mass-size in one half of a test arena and velocity of fragments in the opposite symmetric
half.
Velocity is assessed by microcontroller driven electronic hardware for which a custom barrier sensor is
designed for manufacturing with single layer thin (thickness
-
21 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
number of variables [2]. GA mimics natural evolution where an initial pool of individuals reproduces
according to natural Selection, Crossover and Mutation [3]. The resulting child generation has a better
fitness level. Such a mechanism has a parallel application in experimental regression. Variables in a
regression design can be expressed as a genetic analogue in a pool of sub-optimal random solutions.
Allowing this pool of solutions to evolve over several generations produces fitter generations
converging to pre-defined engineering optima. This paper compares the Full Factorial, Fractional
Factorial and the Genetic Algorithms methods. Results obtained from a seven factor GA analysis
attained the optimum results in 1/110 of the time for a full factorial method.
Keywords: experimental regression, optimization, genetic, algorithms, simulation
1. Taguchis Quality Engineering Handbook, G. Taguchi, S. Chowdhury and Y. Wu, John Wiley and
Sons, ISBN: 0-471-41334-8, 2005.
2. D. Coley, An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms for Scientists and Engineers. World Scientific
Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. ISBN 981-02-3602-6, 1999.
3. R. L. Haupt and S. E. Haupt, Practical Genetic Algorithms, Second Edition, Wiley Interscience, A
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication, 2004.
Experimental methods
ACEX337
Prof. Ralph W.L. IP
The University of Hong Kong,
Hong Kong
Computational analyses of textile composite package drying using superheated steam
Elvis I.C. Wan1 and Ralph W.L. Ip2
1Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
2FRCAMS The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR
Abstract
Using steam to replace heated air for the drying of heat-sensitive materials like fruits and natural fibres
could preserve their quality, and prevent surface hardening problems in many industrial applications.
Steam at superheated stage can has better dehydration property than hot air as reported by Haghi [1].
It is because specific heat capacity (cp) and thermal conductivity (k) of superheated steam are usually
higher than air at the same temperature. Thus, steam could speed up the drying process. In addition,
steam drying is a clean process and does not include any oxidation, explosion and emission of
hazardous substances. These are key factors of industries to use superheated dryers in their
manufacturing plants. Lots of effort have been paid onto the design of steam drying equipment for
different industrial applications, however, most of the design have based upon the jet impingement
approach [2].
A new research on studying superheated steam for industrial drying is to focus on the process of textile
composite packages. The package materials could be natural fibres like cotton and wool, and synthetic
fibres like nylon and viscose. The water absorption rate for the materials and their composites is
different, and cause different drying properties. Aims of the research are to study package drying
characteristics using superheated steam. The factors that control each drying process could be
examined through series of experiments. The factors to be studied have been included steam supply
temperature, pressure, degree of superheat, mass flow rate, package material, density and porosity.
Further analyses using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approaches would be carried out to
simulate the drying process with different combination of the studied factors. In the analyses, ANSYS
is used to assist simulation studies for coupling heat exchange between the water absorbed in the
-
22 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
packages and supplied superheated steam. Simulation results are further used to prove accuracy of
the experiments, and aid for an optimization of steam flow and shorten the drying cycle time.
[1] K. Haghi, Transport Phenomena in Porous Media: A Review, Theoretical Foundations of Chemical
Engineering, Vol. 40(7), 14 (2006).
[2] Henk C. van Deventer and Ruud M. H. Heijmans, Drying Technology, Vol. 19(8), 2033 (2001)
Experimental methods
ACEX373
Prof. Mohammad Reza Sheidaii
Urmia University
Iran
Seismic Behavior of Unstiffened Perforated Steel Plate Shear Walls
H. Valizadeh, M.R. Sheidaii2 and H. Showkati2
Iran Marine Industrial Co. (SADRA), Urmia, Iran
2 Dep. of Civil Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Abstract
In recent decades, steel plate shear walls have come to be considered a convenient resistant system
against lateral loads due to earthquakes and wind, especially in tall buildings, because of their ductile
and energy absorption behaviors[1]. The existence of openings affects the seismic behavior and
performance of steel plate shear walls. In the present research, the effects of opening dimensions as
well as slenderness factors of plates on the seismic behavior of steel plate shear walls are studied
experimentally. Eight 1:6 scaled test specimens, with two plate thicknesses and four different circular
opening ratios at the center of the panel, have been manufactured and were tested under the effects of
cyclic loading hysteresis at the thin-walled structures research laboratory of Urmia University, Urmia,
Iran[2]. The obtained results signify a stable and desired behavior of steel plate shear walls in large
displacements up to 6% drift. The creation of openings decreases the initial stiffness and strength of
the system, and increasing the opening diameter will intensify this matter. The obtained ductility of
specimens show the stable functioning of a system in the nonlinear range. Although the stable cyclic
behavior of specimens in the nonlinear range causes mostly a dissipation of energy during the loading
of samples, but existing of an opening, especially at the center of the panel, causes a noticeable
decrease in energy absorption of the system.
References
[1] M.H.K Kharrazi, H.G.L Prion, C.E Ventura. Journal of Construction steel research, 64, 465-479
(2008). Implementation of M-PFI method in design of steel plate walls,
[2] H. Valizadeh. MEng thesis, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran (2009).
Experimental investigation of seismic behavior of steel shear walls with opening and diagonal
stiffeners.
Experimental methods
ACEX164
Dr. S. Sundaram
SASTRA University
INDIA
-
23 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
Model Analysis and Controller DesignFor Oxygenation Of Bone Wash Effluent
J.Sumathi, S.Sundaram*
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, SASTRA University
Thanjavur- 613402, India.
e-mail:[email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
Bone Wash effluent diluted with water ranging from zero to ninety percent effluent was oxygenated at
3 different stirrer speeds ranging from 135 to 155 rpm in a 1.5 litre Tokyo Rikakikai fermentor at
298K.The data was subjected to regression analysis and fitted to a first order plus dead time model
with an error of less than 5 percent. The model parameters were used to design controller parameters
by Z-N, Skogested, Smith predictor and IMC methods. A closed loop analysis using the above
controller settings indicate that IMC is better suited for the process based on rise time, settling time
and peak over shoot.
Experimental methods
ACEX322
Prof. Ahmed Hassan Elshazly
King Abdulaziz University
SAUDI ARABIA
Using Polypyrrole Coats for Improving the Corrosion Resistance of Rotating Cylinders
A.H. El-Shazly* H.A. Al-Turaif
Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University,
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
This work investigates the possibility of improving the corrosion resistance of rotating cylinders by using
polypyrrole (PPy) coats. Electrochemical technique was used for layer formation. Many variables were
investigated for their effect on the coat stability such as: pyrrole concentrations, current density,
solution pH,speed of rotation and rotating cylinder diameter. Examination of the formed layer was
carried out by different techniques such as Tafel extrapolation test and electrochemical impedance
analysis. Scanning electronic microscope(SEM), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were
used for layer surface morphology and composition analysis.
-
24 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
Plenary Talk
VIP-ACEX039
Prof. Antonio Ferreira
University of Porto,
PORTUGAL
Analysis of laminated plates and shells by collocation with radial basis functions
A. J. M. Ferreira
Departamento de Engenharia Mecnica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade
do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
Abstract
Recently, radial basis functions (RBFs) have enjoyed considerable success and research as a
technique for interpolating data and functions. A radial basisfunction, (kxxjk) is a spline that depends
on the Euclidian distance between distinct data centers xj , j = 1, 2, ...,N Rn, also called nod al or
collocation points. Although most work to date on RBFs relates to scattered data approximation and in
general to interpolation theory, there has recently been an increased interest in their use for solving
partial differential equations (PDEs). This approach, which approximates the whole solution of the PDE
directly using RBFs, is very attractive due to the fact that this is truly a mesh-free technique. Kansa [1]
introduced the concept of solving PDEs using RBFs. Structures composed of laminated materials are
among the most important structures used in modern engineering and, especially, in the aerospace
industry. Such lightweight structures are also being increasingly used in civil, mechanical and
transportation engineering applications. The rapid increase of the industrial use of these structures has
necessitated the development of new analytical and numerical tools that are suitable for the analysis
and study of the mechanical behavior of such structures. The behavior of structures composed of
advanced composite materials is considerably more complicated than for isotropic ones. The strong
influences of anisotropy, the transverse stresses through the thickness of a laminate and the stress
distributions at interfaces are among the most important factors that affect the general performance of
such structures. The use of shear deformation theories has been the topic of intensive research, as in
[214], among many others. The analysis of laminated plates by finite element methods is now
considerably established. The use of alternative methods such as the meshless methods based on
radial basis functions is atractive due to the absence of a mesh and the ease of collocation methods.
More recently the author and colleagues have applied RBFs to the static deformations of composite
beams, plates and shells [1522]. This paper presents a review of current methods for the analysis of
laminated plates and shells by strong-form-based meshless methods.
References [1] E. J. Kansa. Multiquadrics- a scattered data approximation scheme with applications to
computational fluid dynamics. i: Surface approximations and partial derivative estimates. Comput.
Math. Appl., 19(8/9):127145, 1990.
[2] E. Reissner. A consistment treatment of transverse shear deformations in laminated anisotropic
plates. AIAA J., 10(5):716718, 1972.
[3] J. N. Reddy. Mechanics of Laminated Composite Plates: Theory and Analysis.CRC Press, Boca
Raton 1997.
[4] E. Reissner and Y. Stavsky. Bending and stretching of certain types of aelotropic elastic plates. J.
Appl. Mech., 28:402408, 1961.
[5] Y. Stavsky. Bending and stretching of laminated aelotropic plates. J. Eng. Mechanics, ASCE, 87
(EM6):3156, 1961.
[6] S. B. Dong, K. S. Pister, and R. L. Taylor. On the theory of laminated anisotropic plates and shells.
J. Aeronautical Science, 29(8):969975, 1962.
[7] P. C. Yang, C. H. Norris, and Y. Stavsky. Elastic wave propagation in heterogeneous plates. Int. J.
Solids and Structures, 2:665684, 1966.
[8] S. A. Ambartsumyan. Theory of anisotropic plates (translated from Russian. Technomic, Stamford,
CT, 1969.
[9] J. M. Whitney and A. W. Leissa. Analysis of heterogeneous anisotropic plates. J. Appl. Mechanics,
[10] . Reddy. A simple higher-order theory for laminated composite plates. J.of Applied Mechanics,
-
25 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
Plenary Talk
VIP-ACEX040
Prof. H. Altenbach
Otto-von-Guericke-Universitt Magdeburg,
GERMANY
Theory of Plates and Shells at the Nanoscale
H. Altenbach1, V. A. Eremeyev1,2
1 Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany,
2 South Scientific Center of RASci and South Federal University, Russia,
Abstract
The development of nanotechnologies extends the field of application of the classical or non-classical
theories of mechanics towards the new materials. The discussions on the application of the continuum
mechanics and the mechanics of structures in the nanoscale are very extensive, see [1] among others.
In general, modern nanomaterials have physical properties which are different from the bulk material.
The classical elasticity can be extended to the nanoscale by implementation of the theory of elasticity
taking into account the surface stresses, cf. [1] among others. In particular, the surface stresses are
responsible for the size-effect, that means the material properties of a specimen depend on its size. For
example, Youngs modulus of a cylindrical specimen increases significantly, when the cylinder diameter
becomes very small. Let us note that even for such nanostructures as nanoshells, nanofilms, and
nanoplates the continuum approach gives a satisfying coincidence with atomistic simulations, if one
takes into account the appropriate constitutive equations. The theory of elasticity with surface stresses
was applied to the modifications of the two-dimensional theories of nanosized plates and shells, see,
for example, [26] and the references in it. The most popular in nanomechanics are the KirchhoffLove,
MindlinReissner, and von K`arm`an theories of plate and shells. Here we use the general nonlinear
theory of shell presented in [7, 8] for the modification of the constitutive equations taking into account
the surface stresses. We show that both the stress and the couple stress resultant tensors may be
represented as a sum of two terms. The first term is the volume stress resultant while the second one
determined by the surface stresses and the shell geometry. This means that the stress resultants for
the shell with surface stresses can be represented as follows
T = T + TS , M = M+MS , (1) where T and M are the classical stress and couple stress resultant
tensors given for example in [7, 8], while TS and MS are the resultant tensors induced by the surface
stresses, see [6] for details. In the linear case this modification reduces to the addition of new terms to
the elastic stiffness parameters. Follow [4, 5] we show that the bending stiffness is given by D = D +
DS , (2) where
D =Eh3 12(1 - n2) is the classical bending stiffness, E and n are the Youngs modulus and the
Poissons ratio of the bulk material, h is the shell thickness, DS = h2mS + h2lS/2, and mS and lS are
the surface elastic moduli. The influence of the surface stresses on the bending stiffness of a shell is
discussed. We show that the surface elasticity makes a shell more stiffer in comparison with the shell
without surface stresses, i.e. D > D. The numerical examples show that the influence of the surface
stresses is negligible for the plate thickness more then 20 nm. The effect of the surface stresses may
be more significant for multilayered plates and shells and for plates and shells with fractal-like surface.
We also applied the concept of the surface stresses to the plates and shells with rough surface which
has fractal-like relief. In particular, we consider the surface coated by nano- or microfibers array and
discuss constitutive equations for the effective surface energy of such surfaces. In this case the
-
26 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
influence of the surface stresses more significant as in the case of the smooth surface. The second
author was supported by the RFBR with the grant No. 09-01-00459 and by the DFG with the grant No.
AL 341/33-1.
References
[1] Duan, H. L.,Wang, J. & Karihaloo, B. L. Theory of elasticity at the nanoscale.In Advances in Applied
Mechanics, Elsevier. 2008. 42. 168.
[2] Lu, P., He, L. H., Lee, H. P. & Lu, C. Thin plate theory including surface effects. International Journal
of Solids and Structures, 2006. 43(16). 46314647.
[3] Huang, D.W. Size-dependent response of ultra-thin films with surface effects. International Journal
of Solids and Structures, 2008. 45(2). 568579.
[4] Eremeyev, V. A., Altenbach, H. & Morozov, N. F. The influence of surface tension on the effective
stiffness of nanosize plates. Doklady Physics, 2009. 54(2). 98100.
[5] Altenbach, H., Eremeyev, V. A. & Morozov, N. F. Linear theory of shells taking into account surface
stresses. Doklady Physics, 2009, 54(12). 531535.
[6] Altenbach, H., & Eremeyev V.A. On the shell and plate theories with surface stresses. In Shell
Structures. Theory and Applications. Vol. 2. W.Pietraszkiewicz, I. Kreja (eds). Boca Raton, CRC Press,
2010. 4750.
[7] Libai, A. & Simmonds, J. G. The Nonlinear Theory of Elastic Shells, (2nd ed.). Cambridge,
Cambridge University Press. 1998.
[8] Chroscielewski, J., Makowski, J. & Pietraszkiewicz, W. Statyka i dynamika powok wielopatowych:
Nieliniowa teoria i metoda elementow skonczonych. Warszawa, Wydawnictwo IPPT PAN. 2004.
Plenary Talk
VIP-ACEX041
Prof. JN Reddy
Texas A & M University,
USA
Thermomechanical Response of Functionally Graded Structures
Reddy, J. N. and Muliana, A.
Advanced Computational Mechanics Laboratory
Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843-3123
Abstract
Functionally gradient materials (FGM) are a class of composites that have a gradual variation of
material properties from one surface to another. These novel materials were
proposed as thermal barrier materials for applications in space planes, space structures, nuclear
reactors, turbine rotors, flywheels, and gears, to name only a few. As conceived and manufactured
today, these materials are isotropic and nonhomogeneous Two-constituent FGMs are usually made of
a mixture of ceramic and metals for use in thermal environments. The ceramic constituent of the
material provides the high temperature resistance due to its low thermal conductivity. The ductile metal
constituent, on the other hand, prevents fracture due to high temperature gradient ina very short period
of time. Typical situations where thermal shock occurs are during reentry of space vehicles, where the
temperature changes from 273oC to about 1,100oC in a few minutes, and the advanced gas turbine,
wherein a severe temperature transient of a change in temperature of 1,500oC occurs over a time
period of 15 s. The present lecture is an overview of the recent developments in the numerical
modeling of functionally graded structures [1-5]. The lecture will present detailed discussion of the
influence of geometric nonlinearity and temperature-dependent material properties on the response of
-
27 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
functionally graded structures.
Acknowledgement. The research reported herein was carried out under a research projects from the
NSF, Grant CMMI-1030836 and MURI09 project from the AFOSR under grant FA9550-09-1-0686.The
support is gratefully acknowledged.
References
1. J. N. Reddy and C. D. Chin, Thermomechanical Analysis of Functionally Graded Cylinders and
Plates, J. Thermal Stresses, 26(1), 593-626, 1998.
2. G. N. Praveen and J. N. Reddy, Nonlinear Transient Thermoelastic Analysis of Functionally Graded
Ceramic-Metal Plates, Journal of Solids and Structures, 35(33), 4457-4476, 1998.
3. R. A. Arciniega and J. N. Reddy, Large Deformation Analysis of Functionally Graded Shells,
International Journal of Solids and Structures, 44(6), 2036-2052, 2007.
4. R. Gunes and J. N. Reddy, Nonlinear Analysis of Functionally Graded Circular Plates Under
Different Loads and Boundary Conditions, International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics,
8(1), 131-159, 2008.
5. M. Bayat, B. B. Sahari, M. Saleem, A. M. S. Hamouda, and J. N. Reddy, Thermo Elastic Analysis
of Functionally Graded Rotating Disks with Temperature-Dependent Material Properties: Uniform and
Variable Thickness, International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design, 5(3), 263-279, 2009.
Plenary Talk
VIP-ACEX040
Prof. H. Altenbach
Otto-von-Guericke-Universitt Magdeburg,
GERMANY
Modelling of Nanoarrays with Various Functional Properties
A.A. Girchenko1, H. Altenbach1, V.A. Eremeyev1,2,
1Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
2South Scientific Center, RASci & South Federal University, Rostov on Don, Russia.
Abstract
The recent progress in the microelectronics and nanophotonics is related to the development of
material science at the nanoscale. In particular, arrays of micro- and nanofibers or crystals made of
semiconductors or piezoelectric materials belong to the perspective structures that are studied very
intensively, see e.g. [1]. The number of nanocrystalls on mm2 is usually too high, so we can consider
these structures as a anisotropic continuum medium with effective (homogenized) properties.
In the paper we consider the application of the classical mechanics of fiberreinforced composites [2-7]
taking into account the morphology and electrical properties of nanocrystalls. For irregular structures
we also apply the fractal analysis [8]. Unlike to the classical composites materials we take into account
the interaction forces between the nanocrystals such as Wan der Waals, adhesion forces, etc. After the
determinations of effective properties the finite element analysis are applied using the package
ABAQUS/CAE. We perform the modal analysis and surface wave propagations in multilayered plates
with coating constituted of piezoelectric nanocrystals array.
[1] Z. Gu, M.P. Paranthaman, J. Xu, Zh.W. Pan, ACS Nano, 3, 273 (2009).
[2] Z. Hashin, B.W. Rosen, J.Appl.Mech., 31, 223 (1964).
[4] V.I. Aleshin, J. Appl. Phys., 88, 3587 (2000).
[6] M. Marutake. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 11, 807 (1956).
[7] D.A.G. Bruggeman. Ann. Phys., 24, 636 (1935).
-
28 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
[8] A.S. Balankin, Physical Review B, 53, 5438 (1996).
SS1
ACEX032
Prof. Aleksandr N. Pavlenko
Russian Academy of Sciences
RUSSIA
Flow Dynamics, Crisis Phenomena and Decay of Falling Wavy Liquid Films during Boiling
Incipience and Evaporation at Nonstationary Heat Release
A.N. Pavlenko
Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 1, Acad. Lavrentyev ave., 630090, Russia.
Abstract
Regimes of liquid evaporation and boiling provide high intensity of heat and mass transfer processes of
the modern technologies with high energy rating: refrigerating and chemical industries, various
cryogenic apparatuses and systems of thermal stabilization and cooling, power engineering, rocket
engineering, metallurgy, etc. Studying the features of heat transfer development, in particularly, for the
film flow under conditions of a drastic temporal change of heat load, is important for safe and stable
operation of heat exchanging devices with heat flux pulsations, for designing of low-inertia evaporators,
heat exchangers-dosing units, mixers, special sorters of measuring equipment, including
biotechnological, biomedicine devices, etc. Results of experimental studies and numerical simulation of
flow dynamics, heat transfer, character of boiling-up, and crisis phenomena development are
presented for falling wavy films of cryogenic liquid (nitrogen) and water under the intensive transient
heat generation. According to the new experimental results, parameters, characterizing decay of the
falling film with step-wise and periodic pulsing heat generation (distribution of time of boiling-up
expectation along the liquid film, velocities of movable boundaries in the boiling-up and drying fronts,
intensity of liquid ejection from the heat-releasing surface, formation of transition structures), complexly
depend on the Reynolds number, wave characteristics, heat flux density and liquid subcooling. It is
shown that for low densities of the heat flux at crises under the conditions of step-wise loading, decay
of a laminar-wave liquid film occurs with formation of metastable regular structures with liquid jets and
large-scale dry zones between them. When loading thermal impulses of a high intensity, film decay is
determined by dynamic characteristics of propagation of the self-maintained front of liquid boiling-up
and the shape of structures, formed during its development.
SS1
ACEX055
Prof. Kee Joo Kim
Seojeong College,
KOREA
Texture Analysis of 5182 Aluminum Alloy Sheets for Improved Drawability by Rolling Process
Kee Joo Kim1, Jang Man Chung1, Chang Pyung Han1, Kyung Shik Kim2, Hak-Joo Lee2, Si-Tae Won3
1Seojeong College University, Gyeonggi-do, Yangjoo-si, 482-777, Korea.
2Korea Institute of Machinary & Materials, Yusung-gu, Taejon, 305-343, Korea.
3Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 139-743, Korea.
-
29 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
Abstract
To fabricate the aluminum alloys with good drawability, the textures evolution of the AA5182 sheets
after rolling with the high l/d parameter and subsequent annealing was studied. The measurement of
the deformation textures was carried out for the sheets with high reduction ratio and the change of the
recrystallization texture was investigated after heat-treatments of the rolled sheets. Rolling without
lubrication and subsequent annealing led to the formation of favorable rot-CND {001} and g-fiber
ND// textures in AA5182 sheets. From the results, the g-fiber ND// component well evolved
during rolling at high l/d parameter of 6.77. The initial shear deformation texture, especially, g-fiber
ND// was not rotated during heat treatment in holding time of 180~7,200 seconds on AA5182 in
present rolling condition. Since the measured textures of the AA5182 sheets were nearly same as IF
steel, the plastic strain ratio (R-value) were measured. The measurement of the plastic strain ratio was
carried out for the AA5182 sheets in which were cold rolled by using the symmetric roll and annealed in
order to analyze the sheet drawability. The average plastic strain ratio of the AA5182 sheets was 1.50.
It was considered that the higher plastic strain ratio was resulted from the g-fiber ND//
component evolved during rolling and maintained during annealing. Therefore, the AA5182 sheets
were fabricated by rolling with symmetric roller having well evolved g-fiber ND// which was
advantageous in good drawability of the sheets.
[1] T. Kamijo, H. Adachihara, and H. Fukutomi: Acta Mater., (1993) 41(3) p. 975.
[2] K. J. Kim: Inter. J. of Auto. Tech., (2005) 6(3) p. 259.
[3] D. N. Lee, K. H. Oh: J. of Mater. Sci., (1985) 20, P. 3111.
SS1
ACEX116
Prof. Pey-Shey Wu
Da-Yeh University,
TAIWAN
Effect of Turbulence Intensity on Cross-Injection Film Cooling at the Endwall of a Gas Turbine
Vane Passage
P.S. Wu, S.T. Tsai, Y.H. Jhuo
Da-Yeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Abstract
This study is concerned with a film cooling technique applicable to the protection of the endwalls of a
gas turbine vane. The way film cooling works is to provide a layer of coolant air which effectively
separates the vane and the endwalls from the hot-gas environment so that the wall material can be
protected. To better simulate the situation in real engines, turbulence intensity is considered in the
present study. In the experiments, cross-injection coolant flow with offset centerlines was utilized. The
test model is a scaled two-half vane. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package was used to
simulate the pressure distributions of a linear cascade and a two-half vane counterpart. The opening
size of the side gaps in the two-half vane model is determined based on the comparison of the
simulation results. The levels of turbulence intensity used in the experiments are T.I. = 1.8%, 7%, and
12%. Other parameters considered in the film cooling experiments include three inlet Reynolds
numbers, three blowing ratios (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0), and a forward-facing or a backward-facing endwall
step. Thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC) technique [1,2] with steady-state heat transfer experiments
were used in the study. Thermal images of the liquid crystal were taken with a CCD camera and
analyzed to obtain the whole-field film cooling effectiveness.
-
30 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
Results show that at high turbulence intensity, both increasing Reynolds number and blowing ratio
decreases the film cooling effectiveness. The latter has a reversed trend at low T.I. level. Increasing
turbulent intensity decreases film cooling effectiveness, especially near the inlet of the vane passage.
The reason for that is the interaction of unsteady, high-turbulence main stream with the injection
coolant, and the interaction disrupts the film coverage, causing the film cooling effectiveness to
decrease. An endwall step may cause the effectiveness to increase at high turbulence intensity.
[1] R.J. Vedula and D.E. Metzger, ASME 91-GT-345, 1 (1991).
[2] Z. Wang, P.T. Ireland and T.V. Jones, J. Turbomachinery, 117, 184 (1995).
SS1
ACEX149
Dr. Agenor de Toledo Fleury
Universidade de So Paulo,
BRAZIL
Estimation of a scaled-model riser dynamics using computer vision and Kalman filtering
A.G. Fleury1,2, F.C. Trigo1 , F.P.R. Martins1
1Universidade de So Paulo, So Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 2231, 05508-970, Brazil
2Centro Universitrio da FEI, So Bernardo do Campo. Av. Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco,
3972, 09850-901, Brazil
Abstract
Aiming at overcoming the difficulties derived from the traditional camera calibration methods to record
the underwater environment of a towing tank where experiments of scaled-model risers were carried
on, a computer vision method, combining traditional image processing algorithms and a self-calibration
technique was implemented. This method was used to identify the coordinates of control-points
viewed on a scaled-model riser submitted to a periodic force applied to its fairlead attachment point. To
study the observed motion, the riser was represented as a pseudo rigid body model (PRBM) and the
hypotheses of compliant mechanisms theory were assumed in order to cope with its ellastic behaviour.
The derived Lagrangian equations of motion were linearized and expressed as a state-space model in
which the state variables include the generalized coordinates and the unknown generalized forces. The
state-vector thus assembled is estimated through a Kalman Filter. The estimation procedure allows the
determination of both the generalized forces and the tension along the cable, with statistically proven
convergence.
SS1
ACEX296
Dr. Veronica Teichrieb
Federal University of Pernambuco,
BRAZIL
Point-Based Deformable Body Simulation Through GPGPU
M.W.S. Almeida1, V. Teichrieb1, J.M.A. Barbosa1, J. Kelner1
1Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Av. Jornalista A. Fernandes, s/n - Cidade Universitria
(Campus Recife) - 50.740-560, Brazil.
-
31 | P a g e
ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK
Abstract
This work presents the development of a simulation of point-based deformable objects in real time,
through a meshless technique called Point Based Animation [1]. Such technique has been gaining
attention mainly because it uses only points as simulation units, without connectivity information among
them, therefore allowing an increase of performance and turning the simulations even more accurate.
This feature enabled us to develop a parallel version using the NVIDIA CUDA technology to turn some
barely interactive results achieved with sequential implementations into real time results [2]. For
example, a sequentially executed scene (Intel Core i7) containing one complex object (577 physical
elements e 53,504 surface elements) simulating a Verlet explicit integration obtained rates of 4.1 fps,
while in the parallel implementation (GTX 295) ten instances of the same object simulating an Eulerian
implicit integration obtained rates of 6 fps.
To verify the accuracy of the simulation, this work made a comparative analysis between our solution
and the Abaqus CAE tool. In the analysis, a soft cube was used for comparison. The boundary
condition used was the fixation of the superior side of the cube letting only the gravitational force act
upon it, making it bounce. Results show that the physical behaviour is similar to the model developed,
but not as accurate as needed for more complex applications. Most accuracy errors are attributed to
some features existent in the CUDA library, like the utilization of single floating point precision which
generates accumulated errors over time. Latest graphics cards are able to overcome this drawback,
and we will analyze their effectiveness to simulate more accurate models.
[1] M. Mller, R. Keiser, A. Nealen, M. Pauly, M. Gross and M. Alexa, ACM SIGGRAPH / Eurographics
SCA, 141 (2004).
[2] T. Farias, M. Almeida, J.M. Teixeira, V. Teichrieb and J. Kelner, SBAC-PAD, 45 (2008).
SS1
VIP-ACEX127
Prof. Giuseppe Maino
ENEA,
ITALY
Evaluation of the structural integrity of hybrid railway cabin including crash
components
F. Caputo1, G. Lamanna1
1Second University of Naples, via Roma, 29 - 81031, Aversa, Italy
The regional railway vehicles turned to the transport of people are often designed to maximize the
number of transportable passengers; this trend causes the deficiency of suitable spaces of survival
between the a