UGC - NET/JRF

ENGLISHLITERATURE

SOLVED PAPER DEC-2013

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Note : This material is issued as complimentary for educational,learning and promotional activity as well as to showcase thepattern of the so called book / material UGC NET/SETENGLISH LITERATURE by DEEPAK SERIES for TESTPREPARATION and therefore doesn’t claim to render anyprofessional services. However, the information contained hasbeen obtained by the author from sources believed to be reliableand are correct to the best of her knowledge.

The book is designed in a friendly manner and the syllabus isstrictly according to UGC NET/SET English Literature whichwill certainly help the aspirants to clear NET/SET with highscore.

2000+ Objective type questions based on recentpattern and trend with informative expalnations toall questions.

Unitwise Blueprint analysis of previous year paperswith their solutions.

Focused on Research Methodology.

UGC NET/SET/JRF – ENGLISH LITERATURE by

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1. ____ the very word is like a bellTo toll me back from thee to mysole self ! Which word ?(a) Bird (b) Immortal(c) Forlorn (d) Fancy

Exp: Ode to a Nightingale is a poemby John Keats written in May 1819in either the garden of the SpaniardsInn, Hampstead, London, or,according to Keats’ friend CharlesArmitage Brown, under a plum treein the garden of Keats House, alsoin Hampstead. Ode to a Nightingaleis a personal poem that describesKeats’s journey into the state ofNegative Capability. The tone of thepoem rejects the optimistic pursuitof pleasure found within Keats’searlier poems and explores thethemes of nature, transience andmortality, the latter beingparticularly personal to Keats.Ans: (c)

2. In poems like “The Altar” and“Easter Wings” ________exploits_______.(a) John Donne, alliteration(b) Robert Herrick, trimetre(c) G.M. Hopkins,

sprungrhythm(d) George Herbert,

typographic spaceExp: Herbert’s religious poetry isThe Altar. A “pattern poem” in whichthe words of the poem itself form ashape suggesting an altar, and thisaltar becomes his conceit for how oneshould offer himself as a sacrifice tothe Lord. Herbert’s Easter Wings, apattern poem in which the work is

not only meant to be read, but itsshape is meant to be appreciated: Inthis case, the poem was printed(original image here shown) on twopages of a book, sideways, so that thelines suggest two birds flyingupward, with wings spread out).Ans: (d)

3. No, no thou hast not felt thelapse of hours ! For what wearsout the life of mortal men ?‘Tis that repeated shocks, again,again,Exhaust the energy of strongestsoulsAnd numb the elastic powers …Who does the poet address here?(a) The Scholar Gipsy(b) Telemachus(c) The Nightingale(d) The Poet’s Sister, Dorothy

Exp: The Scholar Gipsy(1853) is apoem by Matthew Arnold, based ona 17th- century Oxford story foundin Joseph Glanvill’s The Vanity ofDogmatizing (1661, etc.). It has oftenbeen called one of the best and mostpopular of Arnold’s poems, and isalso familiar to music-loversthrough Ralph Vaughan Williams’choral work An Oxford Elegy, whichsets lines from this poem and fromits companion-piece, “Thyrsis”.Ans: (a)

4. The roman a clef (French for“novel with a key”) usescontemporary historical figuresas its chief characters. They areof course given fictional names.One example is Aldous Huxley’s

Note: This paper contains objective type questions of two (2) marks each.All questions are compulsory.

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Point Counter Point.Its Mark Rampion is modelledon _______.(a) D.H. Lawrence(b) E.M. Forster(c) Wyndham Lewis(d) Arnold Bennett

Exp: Point Counter Point is a novelby Aldous Huxley, first published in1928. It is Huxley’s longest novel,and was notably more complex andserious than his earlier fiction.MarkRampion, a writer and painter.Based on D. H. Lawrence, whomHuxley admired greatly, Rampion isa fierce critic of modern society. Afull chapter in flashback showsRampion’s courtship and marriageto his wife, Mary (based onLawrence’s wife Frieda).Ans: (a)

5. She was a worthy woman al hirlyve,Housbondes at chirche-dore shehadde fyve, In the ‘Prologue’Chaucer represents the Wife ofBath as :I. crude and vulgarII. outspoken and boastfully

licentiousIII. a witness to masculine

oppressionIV. bubbling with vitalityFind the correct combinationaccording to the code :(a) I, II and III are correct.(b) I, II and IV are correct.(c) I, III and IV are correct.(d) II, III and IV are correct.Ans: (b)

6. The novel tells the story of twinbrothers, Waldo, the man of

reason and intellect, andArthur, the innocent half-wit,the way their lives areinextricably intertwined.Which is the novel ?(a) The Tree of Man(b) Voss(c) The Solid Mandala(d) The Vivisector

Exp: The Solid Mandala , theseventh published novel byAustralian author Patrick White,Nobel Prize winner of 1973, firstpublished in 1966. It details thestory of two brothers, Waldo andArthur Brown, with a focus on thefacets of their symbioticrelationship. The book is typical ofWhite’s writing style, and is slowpaced, with little considerableaction, instead focusing upon theinner turmoils of theaforementioned characters.Ans: (c)

7. Who among the following wasNOT a member of the ScriblerusClub ?(a) Thomas Parnell(b) Alexander Pope(c) Joseph Addison(d) John Gay

Exp: The Scriblerus Club was aninformal group of friends thatincluded Jonathan Swift, AlexanderPope, John Gay, John Arbuthnot,Henry St. John and Thomas Parnell.The group was founded in 1714 andlasted until the death of thefounders, starting in 1732 andending in 1745, with Pope and Swiftbeing the culturally most prominent

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authors. Joseph Addison Doesn’tbelong to this group.Ans: (c)

8. _______ is a theological termbrought into literary criticismby _______.(a) Entelechy, St. Augustine(b) Ambiguity, William

Empson(c) Adequation, Fr Walter Ong(d) Epiphany, James Joyce

Exp: Joyce also used epiphany as aliterary device within each shortstory of his collection Dubliners ashis protagonists came to suddenrecog nitions that changed theirview of themselves or their socialcondition and often sparking areversal or change of heart.Ans: (d)

9. ________ the Almighty PowerHurled headlong flaming fromth’ Ethereal Sky,With hideousruin and combustion down Tobottomless perdition, there todwell In Adamantine Chainsand penal FireWho durst defy th’ Omnipotentto Arms. (Paradise Lost, I.44-49.)Choose the appropriate word :(a) Him (b) He(c) Satan (d) The FiendAns: (a)

10. Which of the following worksdoes not have a mad woman asa character in it ?(a) The Yellow Wallpaper(b) The Mad Woman in the Attic(c) Jane Eyre(d) Wide Sargasso Sea

Exp: The Madwoman in the Attic:The Woman Writer and theNineteenth- Century Literary

Imagination, published in 1979,examines Victorian literature froma feminist perspective. AuthorsSandra Gilbert and Susan Gubardraw their title from CharlotteBronte’s Jane Eyre, in whichRochester’s wife Bertha Mason iskept locked in the attic by herhusband.Ans: (b)11. Which of the following is NOT

aquest narrative ?(a) Shelley’s “Alastor”(b) Byron’s “Manfred”(c) Coleridge’s “Christabel”(d) Keats’s “Endymion”

Exp: Christabel is a long narrativepoem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, intwo parts. The first part wasreputedly written in 1797, and thesecond in 1800. Coleridge plannedthree additional parts, but thesewere never completed. Coleridgeprepared for the first two parts to bepublished in the 1800 edition ofLyrical Ballads, but on the advice ofWilliam Wordsworth it was left out;the exclusion of the poem, coupledwith his inability to finish it, leftColeridge in doubt about his poeticalpower. It was published in apamphlet in 1816, alongside “KublaKhan” and “The Pains of Sleep”.Coleridge aimed to write Christabelusing an accentual metrical system,based on the count of only accents:even though the number of syllablesin each verse can vary from four totwelve, the number of accents perline never deviates from four.Ans: (c)12. The novel has a scene where

African American students aremade to compete and fight with

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each other as they rush for thegold coins tossed on an electricblanket. Identify the novel.(a) Richard Wright : Native Son(b) James Baldwin : Another

Country(c) Ralph Ellison : Invisible

Man(d) Toni Morrison : Bluest Eye

Exp: Invisible Man is a novel byRalph Ellison, published by RandomHouse in 1952. It addresses manyof the social and intellectual issuesfacing African- Americans early inthe twentieth century, includingblack nationalism, the relationshipbetween black identity andMarxism, and the reformist racialpolicies of Booker T. Washington, aswell as issues of individuality andpersonal identity. Invisible Man wonthe U.S. National Book Award forFiction in 1953. In 1998, the ModernLibrary ranked Invisible Mannineteenth on its list of the 100 bestEnglish-language novels of the 20thcentury. Time magazine includedthe novel in its TIME 100 BestEnglish-language Novels from 1923to 2005Ans: (c)13. G.M. Hopkins’s “Windhover” is

dedicated :(a) To Christ, our Lord(b) To Christ our lord(c) to no one(d) to Christ, the Lord

Exp: “The Windhover” is a sonnetby Gerard Manley Hopkins(1844–1889). It was written on May30, 1877,but not published until1918, when it was included as partof the collection Poems of Gerard

Manley Hopkins. Hopkins dedicatedthe poem “to Christ our Lord”.Ans: (b)14. Match List – I with List – II

according to the code given below:List – I (Authors)i. Ted Hughesii. Seamus Heaneyiii. W.H. Audeniv. D.H. LawrenceList – II (Poems)1. “The Otter”2. “Snake”3. “Ghost Crabs”4. “Prevent the Dog from

Barking with a Juicy Bone.”Codes :

i ii iii iv(a) 1 2 4 3(b) 2 3 1 4(c) 3 1 4 2(d) 3 2 1 4Ans: (c)

15. His cooks with long disuse theirtrade forgot; Cool was his kitchen,though his brains were hot.Who is this character whosestinginess passed into aproverb?(a) Corah (b) Shimei(c) Zimri (d) Achitophel

Exp: Slingsby Bethel, the Sheriff ofLondone is greedy for money.He isa man of zeal, piety and wisdom, butthe ends to which he uses thesedeflate the man most affectively. Hekept the Sabbath and broke it onlyif he could gain out of it. He was sostingy that his kitchens were cold

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and the cooks had forgotten theirculinary skills. He was so miserlythat his cooks had quite forgottentheir trade. He fed his servants onspiritual diet.Ans: (b)16. “The story and the novel, the

idea and the form, are theneedle and thread, and I neverheard of a guild of tailors whorecommended the use of thethread without the needle, orthe needle without the thread.”This famous passage describingthe relation of idea to form isfound in(a) Sir Philip Sidney, An

Apology for Poetry(b) Samuel Taylor Coleridge,

Biographia Literaria(c) Henry James, “The Art of

Fiction”(d) I.A. Richards, Principles of

Literary CriticismExp: “The Art of Fiction”, criticalessay by Henry James, published in1884 in Longman’s Magazine. It waswritten as a rebuttal to “Fiction asOne of the Fine Arts,” a lecture givenby Sir Walter Besant in 1884, and isa manifesto of literary realism thatdecries the popular demand fornovels that are saturated withsentimentality or pessimism. It waspublished separately in 1885. In “TheArt of Fiction”, James disagrees withBesant’s assertions that plot is moreimportant than characterization,that fiction must have a “consciousmoral purpose,” and that experienceand observation outweighimagination as creative tools. Jamesargues against these restrictive rules

for writing fiction, responding that“no good novel will ever proceed froma superficial mind.”Ans: (c)17. Identify the correctly matched

set below :(a) The Norman Conquest –

1066 William Caxton andthe introduction of printing– 1575The King James Bible –1611Dr. Johnson’s EnglishDictionary – 1755The Commonwealth Period/the Protectorate – 1649-1660

(b) The Norman Conquest –1066William Caxton and theintroduction of printing –1475The King James Bible –1611Dr. Johnson’s EnglishDictionary - 1755The Commonwealth Period/the Protectorate – 1649-1660

(c) The Norman Conquest –1016 William Caxton andthe\ introduction ofprinting- 1475The King James Bible –1564Dr. Johnson’s EnglishDictionary -1780 TheCommonwealth Period/ theProtectorate – 1649-1660

(d) The Norman Conquest –1013

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William Caxton and theintroduction of printing –1575The King James Bible –1627Dr. Johnson’s EnglishDictionary – 1746The Commonwealth Period/the Protectorate – 1624-1660

Ans: (b)18. Leopold Bloom in Ulysses is

(a) a Great War veteran(b) a Dublin bar owner(c) a Jewish advertising agent(d) an Irish nationalist

Exp: Leopold Bloom functions as asort of Everyman—a bourgeoisOdysseus for the twentieth century.At the same time, the novel’sdepiction of his personality is one ofthe most detailed in all literature.Bloom is a thirty- eight-year-oldadvertising canvasser.Ans: (c)19. “Late capitalism”, by which is

meant accelerated technologicaldevelopment and the massiveextension of intellectuallyqualified labour, was firstpopularised by ______.(a) Terry Eagleton(b) Ernst Mandel(c) Raymond Williams(d) Stanley Fish

Exp: According to the Marxisteconomist Ernest Mandel, whopopularised the term with his 1972PhD dissertation, late-stagecapitalism will be domi nated by themachinations-or per haps better,fluidities-of financial capital;and

also by the increasing commo-dification and industrialisation ofever more inclusive sectors of human life. Mandel was insistent that“Far from representing a ‘post-industrial society’, late capitalism thuscon stitutes generalized universalindus trialization for the first timein his tory”.Ans: (b)20. Which of the following

arrangements is in the correctchronological sequence ?(a) Native Son by Richard

Wright – Invisible Man byRalph Ellison – Their EyesWere Watching God by ZoraNeil Hurston – AnotherCountry by James Baldwin

(b) Their Eyes Were WatchingGod by Zora Neil Hurston –Native Son by RichardWright – Invisible Man byRalph Ellison – AnotherCountry by James Baldwin

(c) Invisible Man by Ralph\Ellison – Native Son byRichard Wright – AnotherCountry by James Baldwin– Their Eyes Were WatchingGod by Zora Neil Hurston

(d) Their Eyes Were WatchingGod by Zora Neil Hurston –Another Country by JamesBaldwin – Native Son byRichard Wright – InvisibleMan by Ralph Ellison

Exp: Their Eyes Were Watching Godis a 1937 novel and the best knownwork by African-American writerZora Neale Hurston. Native Son(1940) is a novel by American authorRichard Wright. Invisible Man is anovel by Ralph Ellison, published by

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Random House in 1952. AnotherCountry is a 1962 novel by JamesBaldwin.Ans: (b)21. Metaphor is so widespread that

it is often used as an umbrellaterm to include other figures ofspeech such as metonyms whichcan be technically distinguishedfrom it in its narrower usage.Identify the metaphoricalphrase in this sentence :(a) narrower usage(b) technically distinguished(c) figures of speech(d) umbrella termAns: (d)

22. Along the shore of silverstreaming Thames;Whose rutty bank, the which hisriver Thems,Was painted all with variableflowers, …Fit to deck maidens’ bowersAnd crown their paramoursAgainst their bridal day, whichis not long;Sweet Thames ! run softly till Iend my song.(Spenser’s Prothalamion)Another poet fondly recallsthese lines but cannot concealtheir heavily ironic tone in :(a) Marianne Moore’s

“Spenser’s Ireland”(b) Sylvia Plath’s “Morning

Song”(c) W.H. Auden’s “In Praise of

Limestone”(d) T.S. Eliot’s Waste Land

Ans: (d)23. The tramp in Pinter’s first big

hit,The Caretaker, often travelsunder an assumed name. It is(a) Bernard Jenkins(b) Roly Jenkins(c) Jack Jenkins(d) Peter Jenkins

Exp: The Caretaker is a play in threeacts by Harold Pinter. In then playWhen Aston offers Davies money,however, accepts it, insisting that hehas to “get down to Sidcup,” wherehe can get his papers and resumehis true identity as Mac Davies,instead of living as he was under theassumed name of Bernard Jenkins.Ans: (a)24. Here is a list of early English

plays imitating Greek and Latinplays. Pick the odd one out :(a) Gorboduc(b) Tamburlaine(c) Ralph Roister Doister(d) Gammer Gurton’s Needle

Exp: Tamburlaine the Great is aplay in two parts by ChristopherMarlowe. It is loosely based on thelife of the Central Asian emperor,Timur “the lame”. Written in 1587or 1588, the play is a milestone inElizabethan public drama; it marksa turning away from the clumsylanguage and loose plotting of theearlier Tudor dramatists, and a newinterest in fresh and vivid language,memorable action, and intellectualcomplexity.Ans: (b)25. Where does Act I Scene 1 of

William Congreve’s Way of the

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World open ?(a) A Chocolate-House(b) A Pub(c) A Carrefour(d) The drawing room of Sir

Willfull’s mansionExp: The Way of the World is a playwritten by English playwrightWilliam Congreve. The play is basedaround the two lovers, Mirabell andMillamant. In order for the two toget married and receive Millamant’sfull dowry, Mirabell must receivethe blessing of Millamant’s aunt,Lady Wishfort. Unfortunately, sheis a very bitter lady, who despisesMirabell and wants her ownnephew, Sir Wilfull, to wedMillamant.Ans: (a)26. While “a well-boiled icicle” for

“a well- oiled bicycle” is anexample of Spoonerism,someone saying “Congenitalfood” for ‘Continental food’ is anexample of ______.(a) Malaproprism(b) Pleonasm(c) Neologism(d) Archaism

Exp: A malapropism (also called aDogberryism) is the use of an incorrect word in place of a word with asimilar sound, resulting in a nonsensical, often humorous utterance. Anexample is Yogi Berra’s statement:“Texas has a lot of electrical votes,”rather than “electoral votes”.Ans: (a)27. It is unimaginable that all the

following events happened inone year :1. Arthur Evans discovered the

first European civilization;his excavations in Creterevealed a culture that wasfar older than either AtticGreece or Ancient Rome.

2. Sir Arthur Quiller-Couchpublished the Oxford Book ofEnglish Verse.

3. Pablo Picasso stepped off theBarcelona train at Gare d’Orsay, Paris.

4. Max Planck unveiled theQuantum Theory.

5. Hugo de Vries identifiedwhat would later come to becalled genes.

6. Sigmund Freud publishedThe Interpretation ofDreams.

7. Coca-cola arrived in Britain.Identify the year :(a) 1899 (b) 1900(c) 1901 (d) 1903

Ans: (b)28. Brother to a Prince and fellow

to a beggar if he be found worthy.This is the epigraph to(a) T.S. Eliot’s “The Hollow

Men”(b) Rudyard Kipling’s “The

Man Who Would be the King”(c) George Eliot’s Silas Marner(d) E.M. Forster’s Howard’s

EndExp: “The Man Who Would BeKing”(1888) is a novella by RudyardKipling. It is about two Britishadventurers in British India whobecome kings of Kafiristan, a remotepart of Afghanistan. The story wasinspired by the exploits of JamesBrooke, an Englishman who becamethe first White Rajah of Sarawak in

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Borneo; and by the travels ofAmerican adventurer JosiahHarlan, who was granted the titlePrince of Ghor in perpetuity forhimself and his descendants. Itincorporates a number of otherfactual elements such as theEuropean-like appearance of manyNuristani people, and an endingmodelled on the return of the headof the explorer Adolf Schlagintweitto colonial administrators.Ans: (b)29. Robert Graves’s “In Broken

Images” ends thus :He in a new confusion of hisunderstanding;I in a new understanding of myconfusion.The figure of speech here is_______.(a) Chiasmus(b) Catachresis(c) Inversion(d) Zeugma

Exp: In rhetoric, chiasmus (from theGreek: “to shape like the letter ×”)is the figure of speech in which twoor more clauses are related to eachother through a reversal ofstructures in order to make a largerpoint; that is, the clauses displayinverted parallelism.Ans: (a)30. The phrase “leaves dancing” is

an example of ________.(a) pathetic fallacy(b) hyperbole(c) pun(d) conceit

Exp: Pathetic fallacy is a literaryterm for the attributing of human

emotion and conduct to all aspectswithin nature.It is a kind ofpersonification that is found inpoetic writing when, for example,clouds seem sullen, when leavesdance, when dogs laugh, or whenrocks seem indifferent.Ans: (a)31. At the end of The Great Gatsby,

the narrator Nick Carrawayobserves :“They were careless people”.Who were they ?(a) Tom and Daisy(b) The Wilsons(c) Gatsby and his friends(d) The people of East Egg

Exp: The Great Gatsby is a 1925novel written by American author F.Scott Fitzgerald that follows a castof characters living in the fictionaltown of West Egg on prosperousLong Island in the summer of 1922.The story primarily concerns theyoung and mysterious millionaireJay Gatsby and his quixotic passionfor the beautiful Daisy Buchanan.Considered to be Fitzgerald’smagnum opus, The Great Gatsbyexplores themes of decadence,idealism, resistance to change,social upheaval, and excess, creatinga portrait of the Jazz Age or theRoaring Twenties that has beendescribed as a cautionary taleregarding the American Dream.Ans: (a)32. William Wordsworth’s

statement of purpose inpublishing the Lyrical Balladscarries the following phrase.(Complete the phrase correctly).“to choose incidents from

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common life and to relate ordescribe them, throughout, asfar as possible, ______.”(a) in a selection of language

really used by men.(b) in a relation to language

really used by men.(c) in a selection of language

really used by common man.(d) in deference to language

actually used by men.Ans: (a)33. Match List – I with List – II

according to the code givenbelow :List – I (Novels)i. Lord Jimii. To the Lighthouseiii. A Passage to Indiaiv. A Portrait of the Artist as a

Young ManList – II (Last lines)1. ‘It was done; it was finished.

Yes, she thought layingdown her brush in xtremefatigue, I have had my ision.’

2. ‘April 27. Old father, oldartificer, stand me now andever in good stead…’

3. ‘He feels it himself and saysoften that he is “preparingto leave all this; preparingto leave,...”, while he waveshis hands sadly at hisbutterflies.’

4. “No not yet,” and the skysaid, “No, not there”.’

Codes :i ii iii iv

(a) 2 4 3 1

(b) 3 2 4 1(c) 3 1 4 2(d) 2 3 1 4Ans: (c)

34. Identify the incorrectdescription/s of “SprungRhythm” from the following :1. This rhythm causes ideas to

spring in our minds – henceSprung Rhythm.

2. In Sprung Rhythm the feetare of equal length.

3. A foot may have one to foursyllables in SprungRhythm.

4. Its metre is derived from themetre of Anglo-Saxonpoetry

which was based on accent andlinked by alliteration.

(a) 4 is incorrect.(b) 1 & 4 are incorrect.(c) 3 is incorrect.(d) 1 is incorrect.Ans: (d)

35. Who among the followingproposes that the unconsciouscomes into being only inlanguage ?(a) Sigmund Freud(b) Jacques Lacan(c) Stuart Hall(d) Paul de ManExp: Jacques Marie EmileLacan was a Frenchpsychoanalyst and psychiatristwho has been called “the mostcontroversial psycho-analystsince Freud”Ans: (b)

36. The Elizabethan Settlementestablished during the reign of

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Elizabeth II. ensured the supremacy of

the Church of England.II. allowed Christians to

acknowledge the authorityof the Pope.

III. allowed the extremerProtestants to be part of theAnglican church.

IV. created a group known asthe Roundheads.

The correct combinationaccording to the code is :(a) I and III are correct.(b) I and II are correct.(c) II and III are correct.(d) III and IV are correct.Ans: (a)

37. Which of the following poems byTennyson does NOT speak of oldage and death ?(a) “The Beggar Maid”(b) “The Lotus-Eaters”(c) “Ulysses”(d) “Tithonus”Exp: The King and the Beggar-maid is a Medieval romance byAlfred Lord Tennyson, whichtells the legend of the princeCophetua and his unorthodoxlove for the beggar Penelophon.Ans: (a)

38. One English poet addressinganother :Thy soul was like a Star, anddwelt apart;Thou hast a voice whose soundwas like the sea:Pure as the nakedheavens,majestic, free,So didst thou travel on life’s

common way,In cheerful godliness… . Whoselines are these ? To whom arethey addressed ?(a) W.H. Auden – W.B. Yeats(b) P.B. Shelley – William

Blake(c) William Wordsworth – John

Milton(d) Ben Jonson – William

ShakespeareAns: (c)

39. Samuel Johnson’s Lives ofPoets\ (1781) was originally aseries of introductions to thepoets he wrote for a group ofLondon publishers.They were collected as :(a) Lives of English Poets :

Critical and BiographicalEssays.

(b) Prefaces, Biographical andCritical, to the Works ofEnglish Poets.

(c) Notes, Biographical andCritical, on the Works ofEnglish Poets.

(d) Lives of English Poets :Biographical and CriticalNotes.

Ans: (b)

40. Which of the following is NOTmentioned in Northrop Frye’sfour ‘generic plots’ ?(a) The comic(b) The tragic(c) The lyric(d) The ironicAns: (c)

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