accessing wan chapter7-direccionamientoip
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
1/38
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE I Chapter 6 1
Implementando los
Servicios deDireccionamiento IP
Accessing the WAN
Chapter 7
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
2/38
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 2
Objectives
Configure DHCP in an enterprise branch network Configure NAT on a Cisco router
Configure new generation RIP (RIPng) to use IPv6
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
3/38
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 3
Configure DHCP in an Enterprise BranchNetwork
Describe the function of DHCP in a network
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
4/38
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 4
Configure DHCP in an Enterprise BranchNetwork
Describe how DHCP dynamically assigns an IPaddress to a client
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
5/38
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 5
Formato Mensaje DHCP
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
6/38
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 6
Opcode(1 byte):
Indica el tipo de mensaje, que puede ser una solicitud o una respuesta. stas, a su vez, puedenser (segn se incluya en las opciones):
DHCPDISCOVER: Usado en difusin por el cliente para encontrar un servidor disponible.
DHCPOFFER: Lo enva el servidor al cliente como respuesta a DHCPDISCOVER con ladireccin IP y otros parmetros.
DHCPREQUEST: El cliente solicita los parmetros ofrecidos por uno de los servidores(denegando implcitamente los ofrecidos por otros servidores). Tambin se usa para extender enel tiempo la validez de una direccin IP.
DHCPACK: Reconocimiento por el servidor de los parmetros a utilizar. Se espera que el clienteconfigure su interfaz de red con dichos parmetros.
DHCPNACK: Reconocimiento negativo. No puede seguir usando la direccin IP o sta esincorrecta.
DHCPDECLINE: El cliente comunica al servidor que la direccin IP est actualmente en uso.
DHCPRELEASE: El cliente comunica que no seguir usando la direccin IP asignada.
DHCPINFORM: Mensaje enviado por el cliente que ya conoce su direccin IP, para obtenerotros parmetros de configuracin.
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
7/38 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 7
Tipo HW(1 byte): Indica el tipo de hardware. Por ejemplo, para Ethernet el valor de este campo sera 1mientras que para IEEE802 sera 6.
Longitud(1 byte): Indica el nmero de bytes de la direccin fsica. Para Ethernet sera 6.
Saltos(1 byte): Puesto por el cliente a 0, se incrementa por cada routerque redirige el mensaje.
Identificador(4 byte): Nmero aleatorio usado para comparar la solicitud con la respuesta que se genera.
Tiempo(1 byte): Fijado por el cliente. Es el nmero de segundos transcurridos desde que se inici el intento dearranque de la mquina.
Flags(2 bytes): El bit ms significativo de este campo (bit 15) se usa como flag de broadcast(este bit debeestar a 1 para indicar el envo en difusin). Se utiliza para indicar al servidor que el cliente slo puede recibir
mensajes en difusin (porque hasta que no tenga la direccin definitivamente asignada no puede recibirmensajes unicast).
Direccin IP cliente(4 byte): Puesto por el cliente, puede ser 0.0.0.0 o su direccin IP si la conoce.
Direccin IP asignada(4 byte): Fijada por el servidor si el campo anterior es 0.0.0.0
Direccin IP del servidor DHCP(4 bytes): Fijada por el servidor.
Direccin IP Router de Reenvio(4 byte): Introducido por una mquina relayDHCP, para que el servidor deDHCP le devuelva la contestacin.
Direccin fsica del cliente(16 bytes): Fijada por el cliente y usada por el servidor para identificar cul de los
clientes registrados est arrancando. Nombre del Servidor DHCP(64 bytes): Este campo es optativo.
Nombre del Archivo de Arranque(128 bytes): Este campo, heredado del protocolo BOOTP, tambin esoptativo. Rellenado por el servidor para indicar al cliente un archivo de arranque en el cliente o en un servidorde configuracin.
Opciones(longitud variable, mximo 312 bytes): Estn indicadas en RFC 2132.
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2132.txthttp://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2132.txt -
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
8/38 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 8
Configure DHCP in an Enterprise BranchNetwork
Describe the differences between BOOTP and DHCP
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
9/38 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 9
Configure DHCP in an Enterprise BranchNetwork
Describe how to configure a DHCP server
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
10/38 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 10
Configure DHCP in an Enterprise BranchNetwork
Describe how to configure a Cisco router as a DHCPclient
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
11/38 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 11
Configure DHCP in an Enterprise BranchNetwork
Explain how DHCP Relay can be used to configure arouter to relay DHCP messages when the server andthe client are not on the same segment
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
12/38 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 12
Configure DHCP in an Enterprise BranchNetwork
Describe how to configure a Cisco router as a DHCPclient using SDM
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
13/38 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 13
Configure DHCP in an Enterprise BranchNetwork
Describe how to troubleshoot a DHCP configuration
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
14/38 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 14
Configure NAT on a Cisco Router
Describe the operation and benefits of using privateand public IP addressing
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
15/38 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 15
Configure NAT on a Cisco Router
Explain the key features of NAT and NAT overload
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
16/38 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 16
Configure NAT on a Cisco Router
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of NAT
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
17/38 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 17
Configure NAT on a Cisco Router
Describe how to configure static NAT to conserve IPaddress space in a network
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
18/38 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 18
Configure NAT on a Cisco Router
Describe how to configure dynamic NAT to conserve IPaddress space in a network
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
19/38 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 19
Configure NAT on a Cisco Router Describe how to configure NAT Overload to conserve
IP address space in a network
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
20/38 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 20
Configure NAT on a Cisco Router
Describe how to configure port forwarding
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
21/38 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 21
Configure NAT on a Cisco Router
Describe how to verify and troubleshoot NAT and NAToverload configurations
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
22/38 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 22
Configure New Generation RIP (RIPng) touse IPv6
Explain the need for IPv6 to provide a long-termsolution to the depletion problem of IP address
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
23/38 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 23
Configure New Generation RIP (RIPng) touse IPv6
Describe the format of the IPv6 addresses and theappropriate methods for abbreviating them
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
24/38 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 24
Configure New Generation RIP (RIPng) touse IPv6
Explain the various methods of assigning IPv6addresses to a device
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
25/38
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 25
Configure New Generation RIP (RIPng) touse IPv6
Describe the transition strategies for implementing IPv6
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
26/38
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 26
Configure New Generation RIP (RIPng) touse IPv6
Describe how Cisco IOS dual stack enables IPv6 to runconcurrently with IPv4 in a network
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
27/38
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 27
Configure New Generation RIP (RIPng) touse IPv6
Describe the concept of IPv6 tunneling
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
28/38
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 28
Configure New Generation RIP (RIPng) touse IPv6
Describe how IPv6 affects common routing protocols,and how these protocols are modified to support IPv6
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
29/38
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 29
Configure New Generation RIP (RIPng) touse IPv6
Explain how to configure a router to use IPv6
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
30/38
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 30
The distinction between EUI-48 and MAC-48 identifiers is purelysemantic: MAC-48 is used for network hardware; EUI-48 is used toidentify other devices and software. (Thus, by definition, an EUI-48
is not in fact a "MAC address", although it is syntacticallyindistinguishable from one and assigned from the same numberingspace.)
The IEEE now considers the label MAC-48 to be an obsolete termwhich was previously used to refer to a specific type of EUI-48
identifier used to address hardware interfaces within existing 802-based networking applications and should not be used in thefuture. Instead, the term EUI-48 should be used for this purpose.
EUI-64 identifiers are used in:
FireWire
IPv6(as the least-significant 64 bits of a unicast network addressor link-local address when stateless autoconfiguration is used)
ZigBee/ 802.15.4wireless personal-area networks
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FireWirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZigBeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZigBeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FireWire -
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
31/38
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 31
Configure New Generation RIP (RIPng) touse IPv6
Explain how to configure and verify RIPng for IPv6
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
32/38
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 32
Configure New Generation RIP (RIPng) touse IPv6
Explain how to verify and troubleshoot IPv6
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
33/38
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 33
Summary
Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP)This is a means of assigning IP address and other configurationinformation automatically.
DHCP operation
3 different allocation methodsManual
Automatic
Dynamic
Steps to configure DHCPDefine range of addresses
Create DHCP pool
Configure DHCP pool specifics
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
34/38
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 34
Summary
DHCP RelayConcept of using a router configured to listen for DHCPmessages from DHCP clients and then forwards thosemessages to servers on different subnets
Troubleshooting DHCPMost problems arise due to configuration errors
Commands to aid troubleshooting
Show ip dhcp
Show run
debug
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
35/38
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 35
Summary
Private IP addressesClass A = 10.x.x.x
Class B = 172.16.x.x 172.31.x.x
Class C = 192.168.x.x
Network Address Translation (NAT)
A means of translating private IP addresses to public IPaddresses
Type s of NAT
Static
Dynamic
Some commands used for troubleshooting
Show ip nat translations
Show ip nat statistics
Debug ip nat
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
36/38
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 36
Summary
IPv6A 128 bit address that uses colons to separate entries
Normally written as 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits
Cisco IOS Dual StackA way of permitting a node to have connectivity to an IPv4 &IP v6 network simultaneously
IPv6 Tunneling
An IPV6 packet is encapsulated within another protocol
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
37/38
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 37
Summary
Configuring RIPng with IPv61stglobally enable IPv6
2ndenable IPv6 on interfaces on which IPv6 is to be enabled
3rd
enable RIPng using eitheripv6 rotuer rip name
ipv6 router nameenable
-
8/13/2019 Accessing WAN Chapter7-DireccionamientoIP
38/38