access to higher education for undocumented students · pdf file ·...
TRANSCRIPT
Access to Higher Education for Undocumented Students
DC-TAG By: Brenda Guevara
OutlineI. Background Information
A. What is lack of access to college?
B. Impacts of the problem
C Causes of the problem
D. Focus Policy - DC-TAG
II. Controversy
A. Tuition Equity vs. International Fees
III. Alternative Policy
A. Extending DC-TAGSource: Statistic Brain
Defining the Problem!
➢ Who are undocumented students?
➢ Undocumented students lack access to college
○ College Acceptance requirements
○ No federal or state financial aid
○ Scholarship
Source: College Board
Let’s Look at the Numbers!
➢ Only 6,500 out of 65,000
➢ K-12, but not Higher Education
➢ Extra fees as international students
Source: Center for American Progress; City on the Hill Press
Immigrants Want An Education!
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
➢ But only 13% of the immigrant population have a bachelor's degree
Impacts… Unequal Access➢ Low income families
➢ Unemployment
➢ Less job satisfaction
➢ Low-skilled workers
➢ Dependence on entitlements
➢ Health care, food stamps, wic, etc.
Source: Pew Research
Impacts Are Economic & Personal
➢ College graduates earn $17,500 more than high school graduates
➢ College graduates are more likely to view their job as a career, 46% vs. 31%
Source: Pew Research
Impact… Unemployment
Source: Pew Research
➢ College graduates are less likely to be unemployed
○ 3.8% for college graduates
vs.
○ 12.2% for non-college graduates
Causes… Unequal Access
➢ Lack of Information
➢ Loans are too costly
➢ Unable to complete FAFSA
➢ Lack of Equitable Tuition Policies
Source: OSSE; Simpletuition; Center for American Progress; NACAC; Edsource.
Tuition Equity Laws
Source: NACAC Bulletin
Undocumented Students Paying Higher Rates!
Source: Teaching With Data
Contributing, But Not Receiving➢ Business News Network:
“Undocumented Immigrants in the state of Massachusetts contribute lots of money to the tune of about
$200 Million dollars a year in state and local tax revenue”
Carlos Rojas- Alvarez
Related PoliciesFEDERAL STATE/LOCAL
➢ Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA)
➢ Deferred Action for Childhood Arrival (DACA)
Source: NCSL; USCIS
➢ DC Tuition Assistance Grant (DC-TAG)
Source: OSSE
Weaknesses of DC-TAG
DC Tuition Assistance Grant (DC-TAG)
➢ Undocumented students are ineligible for FAFSA
➢ Undocumented students cannot prove residency
➢ Students who are citizens with undocumented parents are ineligible for DC-TAG
➢ Students are prevented from affording a college degreeSource: OSSE
DC-TAG Citizenship Documentation ➢ Permanent Residence Card or Alien Registration Receipt Form I-151/551
➢ Certificate of Citizenship or Naturalization
➢ I-94 Arrival Departure Record or computer generated I-94A
Controversial Question Should We Offer In-State Tuition to
Undocumented Students?
Should We Offer In-State Tuition to Undocumented Students?
Source: National Conference of States LegislationsSource: National Conference of States Legislations
Opponents Supporters➢ No
○ Encourages more immigration
○ Too costly for taxpayers
○ Even with college degree,
undocumented are unable to work
○ Violates IIRIRA
○ Rewards breaking the law
➢ Yes○ Incentive to obtain education
○ College is out of reach financially
○ Does not violates IIRIRA
○ Broke the law unconsciously
Opponents Say....
Source: NACAC Bulletin
Should We Offer In-State Tuition to Undocumented Students?
Opponents Supporters➢ No
○ Encourages more immigration
○ Too costly for taxpayers
○ Even with college degree,
undocumented are unable to work
○ Rewards breaking the law
Source: National Conference of States Legislations
➢ Yes○ Incentive to obtain education
○ College is out of reach financially
○ Broke the law unconsciously
Source: National Conference of States Legislature
Reality
Source: The Daily Californian
Should We Offer In-State Tuition To Undocumented Students?
I Say YES!
➢ The federal govt. is lacking action
➢ Chance of employment is higher
➢ Benefits the economy
➢ It’s merit/need benefit Source: Bureau of Labor; Budget and Policy; NCSL
Universal Tension
Federal v. State Government
Supreme Court CasePlayer v. Doe
CONTEXT RULING
➢ A Texas statute authorized local
schools to deny enrollment to
undocumented student
➢ Denying enrollment to
undocumented children violates the
“Equal Protection Clause”
➢ Education K-12 is granted for
undocumented students
Source: Cornell University Law School
Alternative Policy
Extending DC-TAG
Weaknesses of DC-TAG
DC Tuition Assistance Grant (DC-TAG)
➢ Undocumented students are ineligible for FAFSA
➢ Undocumented students cannot prove residency
➢ Students who are citizens with undocumented parents are ineligible for DC-TAG
➢ Students are prevented from affording a college degreeSource: OSSE
Alternative Policy #1DC-TAG Extension
EXPLANATION PUBLIC OPINION
➢ Altering Qualification Requirements
○ Eliminating Legal Residency, allowing “Proof of Residency” in D.C.
○ Provide pay stubs to show need
➢ Increase the budget
➢ 78% support allowing non-citizen Engineers and Scientist graduates from U.S colleges to stay and work
Source: OSSE; Gallup
Alternative Policy #2California AB 540
EXPLANATION PUBLIC OPINION➢ Gives in-state tuition to undocumented
○ GED
○ Attend 3 yrs of high school
○ Enrolled in College/University
○ Must be undocumented
Source: Office of Government, Legislative. And community Relations
➢ Should Undocumented Immigrant Youth
Pay In-State Tuition to Attend College?
○ 62% - children of undocumented
immigrants should pay the in-state
tuition rate in their state of residence
Source: Rand Corporation
Policy ProposalDC-TAG Extension
COSTS BENEFITS
➢ Increase budget by $3 million year
➢ $45,000 P.A. for an employee
Source: OSSE; Pew Research
➢ 300 new undocumented students can apply each year.
➢ College graduate earns an estimated $650,000 more than high school graduate over the course of a 40-year career
Cost Breakdown!
➢ 3,000 DC high school graduates in 2015
➢ ~10% or 300 are undocumented
➢ 300 x $10,000 (DC-TAG) = $3 million dollars each year needed for program to fund undocumented students
Source: OSSE
But… How To Fund It?➢ Money will come from carryovers of DC Budget
➢ Example: EB0 - Deputy Mayor for Planning and Economic Development had a carryover of $23,099,236 in FY 2015
WEAKNESS OF FOCUS POLICY PROPOSAL
➢ Undocumented students are ineligible for FAFSA
➢ Undocumented students cannot prove residency
➢ Students who are citizens with undocumented parents are ineligible for DC-TAG
➢ Prevented from affording a college degree
➢ Eligibility requirement
○ Eliminate FAFSA requirement, instead allow applicants’ parents provide pay stubs showing need
○ Applicants provide only “Proof of Residency” in D.C.
○ Eliminate requirement that parents are legal residents
Source: OSSE
How Does Proposal Address Weaknesses of Focus Policy?
Work Cited1. "About This Issue." The School Review 83.1, Responses to "Symposium on Youth: Transition to Adulthood" (1974): 1-
4. Pew Research Center. Pew Research, 18 Nov. 2014. Web. 28 Apr. 2016.
2. Bozick, Robert. "Should Undocumented Immigrant Youth Pay In-State Tuition to Attend College?" RAND Corporation Provides Objective Research Services and Public Policy Analysis. Rand, 28 July 2015. Web. 28 Apr. 2016.
3. "Consideration of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)." USCIS. USCIS, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2016.
4. Cohen, Adam. "Why States Shouldn’t Control Immigration | TIME.com." Ideas Why States Shouldn’t Control Immigration Comments. Time, 07 May 2012. Web. 02 May 2016.
5. "Dreams Deferred: The Costs of Ignoring Undocumented Students."American Immigration Council. American
Immigration Council, 18 Oct. 2008. Web. 27 Apr. 2016.
6. Gordon, Larry. "Lack of Information, ‘misconceptions’ Are Obstacles to College Financial Aid." EdSource. EdSource,
22 Feb. 2016. Web. 29 Apr. 2016.
7. Eskow, Richard. "Free Higher Education Is a Human Right." Campaign For America's Future. Campaign for America's
Future, 19 Mar. 2014. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.
8. "Financing College: Options for Undocumented Students." SimpleTuition. Simpletuition, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.
9. Mendoza, Gilberto. "TUITION BENEFITS FOR IMMIGRANTS." National Conference of State Legislatures. National
Conference of States Legislatures, 15 July 2015. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.
10. Newport, Frank, and Joy Wilky. "Immigration Reform Proposals Garner Broad Support in U.S." Gallup.com. Gallup, 19
June 2013. Web. 27 Apr. 2016.
11. "Office of the State Superintendent of Education." DC.gov, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.
12. "Office of Government, Legislative, and Community Relations." Office of Government, Legislative, Community
Relations. California State University Long Beach, n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2016.
13. Perez, Zenen Jaime. "Removing Barriers to Higher Education for Undocumented Students." Removing Barriers to
Higher Education for Undocumented Students. Center for American Progress, 05 Dec. 2014. Web. 13 Apr. 2016.
14. "Plyler v. Doe." LII / Legal Information Institute. Legal Information Institute, n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2016.
15. "Rep. Eleanor Norton: Extend D.C. TAG Funding to Undocumented Students." Change.org. Change.org, n.d. Web. 02
May 2016.
16. "Rise in Average Tuition for 4-Year Public Universities | Data in the News."Rise in Average Tuition for 4-Year Public
Universities | Data in the News. Teaching With Data, 04 Oct. 2010. Web. 02 May 2016.
17. "The Rising Cost of Not Going to College." Www.pewsocialtrends.org. Pew Research Center Social Demographic
Trends Project RSS, 11 Feb. 2014. Web. 29 Feb. 2016.
18. "The Rising Cost of Not Going to College." Pew Research Center Social Demographic Trends Project RSS. Pew
Research Center Social Demographic Trends Project RSS, 11 Feb. 2014. Web. 13 Apr. 2016.
19. Tactaquin, Catherine. "Education." Immigrant's Impact on. N.p., 01 Mar. 2011. Web. 13 Apr. 2016.
20. " Tuition Equity for Undocumented Students Gains Momentum." Tuition Equity for Undocumented Students Gains
Momentum. NACAC Bulletin, 10 Apr. 2013. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.
21. "Trends in Higher Education." - Trends in Higher Education. College Board, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.
22. "The Washington State Dream Act: An Investment for All Washingtonians." — Budget and Policy Center. Washington
State Budget and Policy Center, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.
23. "UNDOCUMENTED STUDENT TUITION: OVERVIEW." NCLS National Conference of State Legislatures. NCLS
National Conference of State Legislatures, 29 Oct. 2015. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.
24. "UNDOCUMENTED STUDENT TUITION: FEDERAL ACTION." National Conference of States Legislation. NCSL,
May 2011. Web. 29 Apr. 2016.
Work Cited7.Eskow, Richard. "Free Higher Education Is a Human Right." Campaign For America's Future. Campaign for America's Future, 19 Mar. 2014. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.
8."Financing College: Options for Undocumented Students." SimpleTuition. Simpletuition, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.
9.Mendoza, Gilberto. "TUITION BENEFITS FOR IMMIGRANTS." National Conference of State Legislatures. National Conference of States Legislatures, 15 July 2015. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.
10.Newport, Frank, and Joy Wilky. "Immigration Reform Proposals Garner Broad Support in U.S." Gallup.com. Gallup, 19 June 2013. Web. 27 Apr. 2016.
11."Office of the State Superintendent of Education." DC.gov, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.
12."Office of Government, Legislative, and Community Relations." Office of Government, Legislative, Community Relations. California State University Long Beach, n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2016.
Work Cited13.Perez, Zenen Jaime. "Removing Barriers to Higher Education for Undocumented Students." Removing Barriers to Higher
Education for Undocumented Students. Center for American Progress, 05 Dec. 2014. Web. 13 Apr. 2016.
14."Plyler v. Doe." LII / Legal Information Institute. Legal Information Institute, n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2016.
15."Rep. Eleanor Norton: Extend D.C. TAG Funding to Undocumented Students." Change.org. Change.org, n.d. Web. 02 May
2016.
16."Rise in Average Tuition for 4-Year Public Universities | Data in the News."Rise in Average Tuition for 4-Year Public
Universities | Data in the News. Teaching With Data, 04 Oct. 2010. Web. 02 May 2016.
17."The Rising Cost of Not Going to College." Www.pewsocialtrends.org. Pew Research Center Social Demographic Trends
Project RSS, 11 Feb. 2014. Web. 29 Feb. 2016.
Work Cited18."The Rising Cost of Not Going to College." Pew Research Center Social Demographic Trends Project RSS. Pew Research
Center Social Demographic Trends Project RSS, 11 Feb. 2014. Web. 13 Apr. 2016.
19.Tactaquin, Catherine. "Education." Immigrant's Impact on. N.p., 01 Mar. 2011. Web. 13 Apr. 2016.
20." Tuition Equity for Undocumented Students Gains Momentum." Tuition Equity for Undocumented Students Gains Momentum.
NACAC Bulletin, 10 Apr. 2013. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.
21."Trends in Higher Education." - Trends in Higher Education. College Board, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.
22."The Washington State Dream Act: An Investment for All Washingtonians." — Budget and Policy Center. Washington State
Budget and Policy Center, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.
Work Cited23."UNDOCUMENTED STUDENT TUITION: OVERVIEW." NCLS National Conference of State Legislatures. NCLS National
Conference of State Legislatures, 29 Oct. 2015. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.
24."UNDOCUMENTED STUDENT TUITION: FEDERAL ACTION." National Conference of States Legislation. NCSL, May
2011. Web. 29 Apr. 2016.
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