access to citizenship & its impact on immigrant integration (acit)
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Co-financed by the European Fund for the Integration of Third-Country Nationals. Access to citizenship & its impact on immigrant integration (ACIT) Citizenship acquisition and political participation of immigrants in Europe. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Access to citizenship & its impact on immigrant integration (ACIT)
Citizenship acquisition and political participation of immigrants in Europe
Co-financed by the European Fund for the Integration of Third-Country Nationals
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Socialization, Naturalization and Immigrant Political Participation in Europe: the Puzzle
• Research question: is there an independent role of citizenship in the process of re-socialization of first generation immigrants?
• The case of non-electoral political participation: ‘Legal activities by private citizens which are more or less directly aimed at influencing the selection of government personnel and/or the actions they take’
• Conventional & unconventional
Cf. Verba & Nie, 1972
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Re-socialization Theories• Resistance - changes unlikely after ‘formative years’.
– Pre-migration experiences
• Exposure - adaptation depends on exposure to the new political environment– Length of residence + citizenship
• Transferability – early traits can be adapted by later experiences lifelong learning.– Pre-migration + post-migration experiences combined
Similar systems make transition easier– Relation naturalisation and participation conditioned by the
democratic experience in the country of origin.
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Data & Methods
• European Social Survey– Pooled dataset of waves 1-5 (2002-2010)– 16 European countries
• First generation immigrants– Persons born outside test country and whose both parents
were also born abroad– Arrived in test country at/after age of 18
• N=9978• Multi-level analysis
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Measures of political participation
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Results I(without controlling for additional factors)
Participation Natives Immigrants with citizenship
Immigrants withoutcitizenship
Democracy Autocracy/partialdemocracy
Democracy Autocracy/partialdemocracy
Conventional 30.5 26.2 21.4 21.1 13.3Unconventional 39.7 45.3 33.6 39.4 17.6
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Results I(without controlling for additional factors)
Participation Natives
Immigrants with citizenship
Immigrants withoutcitizenship
Democracy Autocracy/partialdemocracy
Democracy Autocracy/partialdemocracy
Conventional 30.5 26.2 21.4 21.1 13.3Unconventional 39.7 45.3 33.6 39.4 17.6
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Political participation by immigrants by years of residence and democratic status of country of origin
Conventional Participation Unconventional Participation
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Political participation by immigrants by years of residence and citizenship status
Conventional Participation Unconventional participation
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Concluding remarks
• Re-socialization takes place: time matters• Conventional participation is driven by political context of
the country of destination• Un-conventional participation is driven by the political
context of the country of origin• The significance of the context of political socialization will
depend on the nature of the political participation • Independent but limited role of citizenship in this process Naturalization increases exposure to the democratic
process, but is no ‘magical solution’ for political engagement