Ācārya vishṇugupta cāṇakya
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Just a brief introduction to the master statesman of ancient India, Ācārya Vishṇugupta Cāṇakya (Kauṭilya). I have listed some great quotes of the ancient scholar. They are just as relevant in business management/strategy and politics/economics/wargaming as they were in 275 BCE.TRANSCRIPT
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Ācārya Vishṇugupta Cāṇakya (Kauṭilya):Political Economist, King-maker & Philosopher
By: Abhaya Shanker Dube
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Who Was Ācārya Cāṇakya?
•Born in 350 BCE
•Died in 275 BCE
•Learned Brahman Scholar at the ancient University of
Takṣaśilā
• A pioneer in the fields of Politics/International Relations,
Economics etc. (including sub-disciplines)• Author of Arthaśāstra and Cāṇakya Nitiśāstra• A no nonsense administrator, solid Philosopher
•Characteristics: Shrewd, Ruthless, Scholar par-excellence,
manipulative, perseverant
•He installed his student Candragupta Maurya as the ruler of
Bhārata – a confederacy of mahājanapadas.
•Ācārya Cāṇakya’s teachings are just as relevant and
applicable today as they were during the foundation of the
Mauryan Empire.
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My Interpretation of Ācārya Cāṇakya’s Work
SpiritualDevelopment
Society withStructure
Politics ofBenevolence
EconomicProsperity
©Abhaya Shanker Dube
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Some of Ācārya Cāṇakya’s Sūtras
On State Policy:•Getting what has not been got, guarding it, developing it and thendistributing it – these four constitute state policy.
•Deployment of the fourfold policy (conciliation, donation, division,
and punishment) in one’s own country is internal administration
On Foreign Policy:•Foreign policy is deployment of the same (fourfold means) towards
(neighbouring) states.
•One should not fight with a superior or equal
Advice for Rulers:•By excessively cruel punishment, (the ruler) becomes hated by all.
•Feeding a snake with milk increases its venom, no nectar is
produced.
•Good customs of even low people should be adopted.
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Ācārya Cāṇakya’s Nitiśāstra
Strategy towards enemies and friends:•On the tip of the tongue lives the goddess of prosperity, on the tip ofthe tongue lie friends and relatives. Imprisonment and death also
definitely depend on the tip of the tongue. (Sweetness of speech is
very important).
•One’s own weakness should be hidden, enemy’s weaknesses
should be investigated. A ruler desiring a permanent kingdom, shouldfunction like a moneylender.
On Learning:•Read, son, read. Why be lazy? The illiterate is a burden-carrier. The
scholar is venerated by the ruler. Read son every day.•The arrow shot by the one with the bow may or may not kill one
person. But the thought of an intelligent person can destroy a country
with its ruler.
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Ācārya Cāṇakya’s Arthaśāstra
On Corruption:•Just as it is difficult not to taste honey or poison placed on thetongue, similarly, it is difficult for one handling the ruler’s money to
refrain from tasting it in at lease small quantities.
On Guarding of Secrets:•To as many men a ruler divulges a secret, on so many he becomes
dependent, rendered helpless by that act of his.
On Financial Policy:•The treasury has its source in the mines. From the strength of the
treasury the army is born. Through the treasury and the army, the
earth, whose adornment is the treasury, is obtained.
•Material wealth alone is important, for, both righteousness and
pleasure are based on material wealth.
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Suggested Readings List:
Subramanian, V.K. (2000). Maxims of Chanakya: The Crystallised Wisdom of TheIndian Machiavelli (Reprint ed). New Delhi, NCR: Abhinav Publications.
Shamasastry, R. (1915). Kautilya’s Arthashastra. Bangalore: Government Press.
Download link: <http://hinduonline.co/DigitalLibrary/SmallBooks/ArthashastraofChanakyaEng.pdf >
Davis, M. Chanakya Niti-Shastra: The Political Ethics of Chanakya Pandit.Download link: <http://sanjeev.sabhlokcity.com/Misc/chanakya/Chanakya-niti-english.pdf >
Good Blog: <http://www.sabhlokcity.com/2012/09/chanakya-kautilya-arthashastra-
chanakya-niti-chanakya-sutras-full-text-sanskrit-and-translations/>
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Thank You!
Abhaya Shanker Dube, Editor