academic research and communication skills_ppt 8.04.2013.pdf

8/14/2019 Academic Research and Communication Skills_PPT 8.04.2013.pdf

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Academic Research andCommunication Skills

AYEL9001

April 2013

Lecturer: Diana Coelho


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Communication Skills

An academic research paperis a genre of writing that

emphasizes the combination

of personal insights and

secondary material gatheredthrough focused research

and investigation of a

particular topic.

Being able to communicatewith others is one of the best

life skills a person can

develop. Someone who can

effectively communicatethoughts, ideas, and feelings

is better equipped for success

both on the job and in

personal relationships.

Academic Research and


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Communication is a series of experiences

of

Hearing

Seeing

Smell

Taste

Touch
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Do2t69SSGgts_M&tbnid=VYpOsKEY7aJWgM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://blog.friendseat.com/the-taste-dynamics/&ei=qT1iUYrnL4f5rQf7hIGIBw&psig=AFQjCNHQFtctqvNjLEVJ8I6NFrGf0jZrSg&ust=1365479176792313http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=dPMYGQXhw42rhM&tbnid=5b-yOp2VzY8GnM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.xpress.com/Personals/smell-more-desirable/&ei=bz1iUdqkH4bWrQeSloCgDA&psig=AFQjCNEnwEKxdlNEnMweX-GVAy5tdyDqlw&ust=1365479114583654http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=C23wVvltP6g8_M&tbnid=XiiPUCeXQfi2FM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://ecowellness.wordpress.com/2011/04/13/helping-people-live-with-cancer-massage-therapy/&ei=vztiUZKhDMbqrAfZ9YHoDQ&psig=AFQjCNE1gDCaVxx0Qlw0A9of6YevZmNZYg&ust=1365478702163065http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=N0Quw6dr3bJiXM&tbnid=Er7IeKbFBGB5YM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://goodmorning--lord.blogspot.com/2011/06/seeing-is-believing-or-is-it.html&ei=gTtiUaG5J4murAfB_4HwBQ&psig=AFQjCNHatu94uroyh9El6WXyyhvkVb-Dsw&ust=1365478646237787http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=tCUsvhvSTqnM4M&tbnid=gsYdsP-y7jmP_M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.speechbuddy.com/blog/hearing-loss/types-and-degrees-of-hearing-loss/&ei=WDtiUdWxMoO3rAeQlYHQCw&psig=AFQjCNFhsCqr131m4DGIPWWkrhLBKN5yDQ&ust=1365478598028959


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Effective communication is much more thanbeing able to talk; it is also the ability to listen

and understand others, to read and interpret

body language and to know the best ways to get

our points across.


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To be a better speaker:

Be considerate. Dont dominate the conversation by talking only about yourself. Use

questions to probe the persons feelings or opinions on the topic of conversation.

Speak clearly. Dont mumble or talk in the opposite direction of the listener. Also, use

words that you know the listener might understand.

Stay focused on the conversation. Doing something else while you are talking, suchas typing or working on a car, sends a message to the listener that you dont think the

conversation is worthy of your full attention, and it could inhibit the listeners

responses to what you say.

Be brief. Dont over talk a point. It may cause the other person to lose interest in the

conversation.

Learn to read the listener. If the other person seems inattentive or uncomfortable,

it is probably not a good time to be carrying on a conversation. Recommend having

the conversation at another time.


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To be a better listener:

Eliminate distractions. If you find it hard to concentrate because of your surroundings, move to another

area or schedule another time to talk.

Make time to listen. If you are in a hurry or dont have time, let the speaker know and schedule another

time to talk. Better to delay the conversation than to risk having an important conversation cut short.

Practice reflective listening. Repeat what you think the speaker said to ensure you heard the speaker

correctly. This is called reflective listening and it is identified by statements as If I understand you

correctly reflective listening gives the speaker a chance to clarify a point and ensures that both the

speaker and the listener are on the same page.

Listen for understanding. If you dont understand what is being said, dont by shy or embarrassed to ask

questions. It is better to ask for clarification than to risk a misunderstanding that could lead to problems

later on.

Wait for the speaker to finish. Dont interrupt, even when its apparent the person speaking is

gathering his/her thoughts.

Pay attention to what is being said. When someone is speaking, dont spend that time preparing your

remarks or working on a project listen.

Keep eye contact. Doing so shows that you are interested in what is being said, which may encourage

the speaker to express him/herself more freely.


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Most Common Ways to Communicate

Speaking

Writing

Visual

Image

Body

Language


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Types of Communication

On the basis of organization relationshipFormal

Informal

On the basis of ExpressionOral

Written

Gesture


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Communication Goals

To get and give

information

To persuade

To ensure understanding

To get action

To change behavior


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Barriers to Communication

Semantic Barriers

Emotional Or Psychological Barriers

Organizational Barriers

Barriers in Superiors

Cultural Barriers


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Semantic Barriers

Symbols with different meaning

Badly expressed message

Faulty translationUnclarified assumption

Specialists language


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Organization Barriers

Organizational policy

Organization rules & regulation

Status relationComplexity in organization


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Personal Barriers

Barriers in Superior

Attitude of Superior

Fear of challenge of authority

Lack of time

Lack of awareness

Barriers in Subordinates

Unwillingness to communicate

Lack of proper incentive


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Communication Process

SENDER RECEIVER

Feedback

receiver sender

Communication is the process of sending and receivinginformation among people

Noise

Use of

channel to

transmit

the

message


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Communication code scheme


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Communication Involves Three Components

Verbal Messages - the words we choose

Paraverbal Messages - how we say the words

Nonverbal Messages - our body language

These Three Components Are Used To

Send Clear, Concise Messages

Receive and Correctly Understand Messages

Sent to Us


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Effective Verbal Messages

Are brief, succinct, and organized

Are free of jargon

Do not create resistance in the listener

SENDING MESSAGES


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Nonverbal Messages

Nonverbal messages are the primary way that

we communicate emotions

Facial Expression

Postures and Gestures


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Paraverbal Messages

Paraverbal communication refers to the

messages that we transmit through the tone,

pitch, and pacing of our voices.


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RECEIVING MESSAGES

Listening

Requires concentration and energy

Involves a psychological connection with thespeaker

Includes a desire and willingness to try and see

things from another's perspective

Requires that we suspend judgment and

evaluation


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Nonverbal

Giving full physical attention to the speaker;

Being aware of the speaker's nonverbalmessages;

Verbal

Paying attention to the words and feelingsthat are being expressed

Key Listening Skills


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What makes a good communicator?

Clarity

Integrity Timing

Adequacy


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Deepti Singh

How do you develop your communication skills?

Explore the related skills
http://science.uniserve.edu.au/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htmhttp://science.uniserve.edu.au/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htmhttp://science.uniserve.edu.au/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htmhttp://science.uniserve.edu.au/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htmhttp://science.uniserve.edu.au/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htmhttp://science.uniserve.edu.au/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htmhttp://science.uniserve.edu.au/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htmhttp://science.uniserve.edu.au/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htmhttp://science.uniserve.edu.au/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htmhttp://science.uniserve.edu.au/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htmhttp://science.uniserve.edu.au/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htmhttp://science.uniserve.edu.au/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htmhttp://science.uniserve.edu.au/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htmhttp://science.uniserve.edu.au/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htmhttp://science.uniserve.edu.au/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htmhttp://science.uniserve.edu.au/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htmhttp://science.uniserve.edu.au/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htmhttp://science.uniserve.edu.au/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htmhttp://science.uniserve.edu.au/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htmhttp://science.uniserve.edu.au/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htm


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Tips to good communication skills

Maintain eye contact with the audience

Body awareness

Gestures and expressions

Convey one's thoughts

Practice effective communication skills


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Effective Communication . . .

It is two way.

It involves active listening.

It reflects the accountability of speaker andlistener.

It utilizes feedback.

It is free of stress.It is clear.

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