ACADEMIC ENGLISH

ACADEMIC NURSING

Lecturer: Ns.Ira Erwina,M.Kep,Sp.Jiwa BY: The Second Group

1.IRAWATI 8.ARMAYANTI 2.FEBRI WENDARI 9.SILVIA HANDAYANI 3.DIAN RILAWATI 10.HAFIZATUL AINI 4.RIADHOH 11.ALMIRA GANDHI 5.WISFI DESRIANTI 12.IRMA SWANA 6.RINI HELDINA 13. YANCE YULIA 7.ARINI ELHUDA 14 .ILHAM REZKI

A topic sentence is the most important sentence in a paragraph. It briefly indicates what the paragraph is going to discuss

How to find a topic sentence

A topic sentence is a complete sentence

Contain at least 1 subject and 1 verb

Usually but not always the first sentence

A Topic Sentence

3 point about a

topic sentence

1. Must be a

complete

sentence

2. Should be

neither general

nor too specific

3. Should not have

unrelated

controlling ideas

Supporting Sentence

• Explain or prove the topic sentence

• One of the biggest problems in student writing is that writers often fail to support their ideas adequately

• They need to use specific details to be through and convincing

Supporting Sentence

Strategies for Writing a Conclusion

Conclusions are often the most difficult part of an essay to write, and many writers feel that they have nothing left to say after having written the paper. A writer needs to keep in mind that the conclusion is often what a reader remembers best. Your conclusion should be the best part of your paper.

A conclusion should

stress the importance of

the thesis statement,

give the essay a sense

of completeness, and

leave a final impression

on the reader

Suggestions

Answer the question "So What?"

Show your readers why this paper

was important. Show them that

your paper was meaningful and

useful.

Synthesize, don't summarize

• Don't simply repeat things that

were in your paper. They have

read it. Show them how the

points you made and the support

and examples you used were not

random, but fit together.

Give your reader something to think about, perhaps a way to use your paper in the "real" world. If your introduction went from general to specific, make your conclusion go from specific to general. Think globally.

Redirect your readers

You don't have to give new

information to create a new

meaning. By demonstrating how

your ideas work together, you can

create a new picture. Often the

sum of the paper is worth more

than its parts.

Create a new meaning

Echoing the introduction:

Echoing your introduction can be a good strategy if it is meant to bring the reader full-circle. If you begin by describing a scenario, you can end with the same scenario as proof that your essay was helpful in creating a new understanding.

Implicitly restate your

thesis/position

Emphasize the importance of your

subject by placing it in a larger

context.

End on a relevant and powerful

quote or anecdote that serves to

“sum up” your

Some tips on what you can

do in your conclusion:

• Do not bring in new material.

• Do not weaken your position by apologizing for what you have already argued.

• Do not end on a “cliff hanger,” leaving the reader feeling unsatisfied.

Some tips on what NOT to do in your conclusion:

Reading is not just pronouncing

words—it requires understanding.

Most experienced readers use a

variety of strategies to understand

text.

Predictions encourage active

reading and keep students

interested, whether or not the

predictions are correct. Incorrect

predictions can signal a

misunderstanding that needs to be

revisited.

Difficult Words

Learning vocabulary is a very important

part of learning a language. The more

words you know, the more you will be

able to understand what you hear and

read; and the better you will be able to

say what you want to when speaking or writing.

Learning the vocab

• write the words in a notebook (with their

translations or definitions)

• write the words and definitions on small

cards

(advice on how to do this)

• say the words many times (if you have an

electronic dictionary you can hear how the

word is pronounced)

http://esl.fis.edu/learners/advice/voccards.htm

• put the words into different groups (you

could use a graphic organiser)

• write them in a file for use with a computer

program

• make associations (in pictures or with

other words)

• ask someone to test you

• use the words in your own speaking or

writing

• Make flashcards with unfamiliar words

• Use new vocabulary words in a sentence

• Make a tape recording of yourself reading the word and the definition

• List the words in groups of positive, negative and related words.

Tips for Learning Dificult Vocabulary

Predict Dificult Words

• Straight definition • Pharaprase •Key word • Foot note • Affixes, suffixes,

preffixes • Appendix • The meaning of sentence/ implied

meaning

• Look at the pictures, table of contents, chapter headings, maps, diagrams, and features. What subjects are in the book?

• Write down predictions about the text. During reading, look for words or phrases from those predictions.

• While reading, revise the predictions or make new ones.

Make Prediction

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