ABSTRACT

Effect of Aqueous Extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaves on The Structure of Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Liver Induced by Carbon Tetracloride (CCl4)

Lalu Dedy Rusman, Fathul Djannah, Nurhidayati

Background and purpose : The incidence of drug-induced hepatic disease is increasing, largely to the growing number of agents that have been introduced into clinical practise. Drug induce liver injury is initiated by direct hepatotoxic effects of a drug, or a reactive metabolite of a drug. Reactive metabolite has main role of liver histopatological changes. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induce liver damage by reactive metabolite trichlomethylperoxide. Some medicinal plants known to have antioxidant compound against free radical- induced liver damage. Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) have antioxidant compound include flavonoid dan vitamin C. The aim of this research was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage as judged from the mean percentage of normal, steatosis, and necrosis hepatocytes.

Methode and Subject: This research used experimental method with posttest only control group design. Forty two male albino rats were randomly divided into 7 groups (1 control group, 1 CCl4 control group, and 5 treatment groups). Each treatment group treated with 28 mg; 56 mg; 84 mg; 112 mg dan 140 mg/200 gr of Azadirachta indica aqueous extract doses. The liver were removed on 11th day after induced with carbon tetrachloride. The evaluation markers used were histopathological counting cell examination. The collected data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test.

Result and conclusion: Aqueous extract of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) did not prevent histopathological changes due to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in white rat (Rattus norvegicus).

Key words: Azadirachta indica, steatosis, necrosis, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)

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ABSTRAK

Pengaruh Ekstrak Air Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica) terhadap Struktur Hepar Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diinduksi Karbon Tetraklorida (CCl4)

Lalu Dedy Rusman, Fathul Djannah, Nurhidayati

Latar belakang dan Tujuan: Insidensi kerusakan hepar yang disebabkan oleh obat-obatan semakin meningkat belakangan ini, seiring dengan bertambah banyak dan meluasnya penggunaan obat yang bersifat hepatotoksik dalam praktek kesehatan. Obat-obatan tersebut menginduksi kerusakan hepar dengan cara merusak hepar secara langsung maupun dengan menghasilkan metabolit reaktif. Metabolit reaktif memiliki peranan penting pada kerusakan hepar. Karbon tetraklorida (CCl4) menyebabkan kerusakan hepar melalui metabolit reaktif triklorometilperoksida. Beberapa tanaman obat memiliki kandungan antioksidan dapat melawan radikal bebas penyebab kerusakan hepar. Daun mimba diketahui memiliki kandungan antioksidan seperti flavonoid dan vitamin C. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui efek hepatoprotektif ekstrak air daun mimba (Azadirachta indica) terhadap karbon tetraklorida (CCl4) penyebab kerusakan hepar. Rerata persentase hepatosit normal, steatosis, dan nekrosis sebagai penanda yang diperiksa.

Metode dan Subjek: Metode penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan postes dengan kelompok kontrol. Empat puluh dua tikus putih jantan dibagi secara acak menjadi 7 kelompok (1 kelompok normal, 1 kelompok CCl4, 5 kelompok perlakuan). Tiap kelompok diberikan dosis ekstrak air Azadirachta indica 28 mg; 56 mg; 84 mg; 112 mg dan 140 mg/200 gr. Pengangkatan hepar dilakukan pada hari ke-11 setelah diinduksi dengan karbon tetraklorida. Penilaian kerusakan hepar menggunakan metode penghitungan sel. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis.

Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Ekstrak air daun mimba (Azadirachta indica) tidak dapat mencegah kerusakan struktur histopatologi hepar diakibatkan karbon tetraklorida pada tikus (Rattus norvegicus).

Kata kunci: Azadirachta indica, steatosis, nekrosis, karbon tetraklorida (CCl4)

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