abstract radio-frequency identification (rfid) is an emerging technology, which promises to advance...
TRANSCRIPT
Abstract
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an emerging technology, which promises to advance the modern industrial practices in object identification and tracking, asset management and inventory control. This technology is being evaluated and implemented successfully in many manufacturing and distribution environments, retail stores and defense installations.
The scope of RFID is rapidly shifting from tracking objects (present or absent) to monitoring the condition (where and how) of engineering systems. The integration of sensors with RF tags (Smart Sensors) enables RFID technology to gather and process sensor data in addition to identifying and tracking the object. The deeper ramification of such RFID systems for monitoring manufacturing systems remains largely unexplored and untapped.
The focus of the presentation will be to present the results of our in-depth review of the current and emerging technologies and applications based on RFID and Smart sensors for depot support and logistics environments and for machine condition monitoring.
Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID)
Radio-Frequency identification (RFID) is generic term for technologies which use RF waves to identify, track or categorize any object
RFID is fast, reliable, and does not require physical sight or contact between reader and the tagged object
RFID System Components Tags (Transponders)
Attached to the object to be identified, stores information (unique code) about object and sends this information back to reader when receives appropriate frequency signals
Reader/InterrogatorReader sends signals of appropriate frequency and
facilitates data transfer
AntennaAntenna radiates the RF signal to, and receives signal from the
transponder
InterfaceThis unit interfaces the reader to an intelligent device / controller
Host/Controller (PC/Laptop)Computer with suitable software controls RFID readers
How system works?
Controller activates RFID reader to send RF signals Reader sends the signal of appropriate frequency (LF,HF,UHF,MW) Tag receives and modifies the signal Tag sends modified signals back through tag antenna Reader antenna receives the modified signal and reader decodes it Controller analyzes the results
RFID and Smart Sensors
Sensors can be integrated with RF tags (Smart Sensors) and sensor data can be communicated using RF waves
This enables RFID systems to gather and process sensor data in addition to identifying and tracking object
Applications:
Machine Health Monitoring, Fluid Composition Detection.
Applications in Depot Support Environment
Appropriate technician informed as per schedule via
mobile communication
Vehicle tag detected by
readers mounted in the gates
Vehicle sent to appropriate
machines and database updated
after each operation
Vehicle brought to maintenance
shop
Vehicle InspectionMaterial request
sent to the warehouse and
material retrieved as per history
sheet
Operation Sequencing and Scheduling done as per availability
of machines
ERP SystemShop
Benefits
Automatic Operation
Time Management
Quality Management
Poka - Yoke
Material Management
Vehicle history sheet retrieved
Warehouse
Applications in Logistics
Real Time Inventory Tracking
Eliminating Inventory Shrinkage
Benefits
Cycle time Reduction
Information Visibility
Delay Reduction
Warehouse
Parts recognized and database updated at warehouse gate
Transit
Mode of transit tracked at every designated halt by Through satellite communication
Supplier Site
Readers mounted on forklift trace and track the parts out of the warehouse to appropriate shop
Parts properly tagged at supplier site and inventory database updated
Request sent to ASRS
ERP System
Parts grouped and stored in the ASRS
Applications in Monitoring Health of Machines
Lubricant levelBearing condition Tool wear Table alignment
MACHINE CONDITION MONITORING DATABASE
RFID based Smart Sensors send critical information about machine parameters to the central database
Lubrication & Coolant
Tribology Tool Engineering
Metrology
DEPARTMENT OF MACHINE MAINTENANCE
Reduction in response time
Quality management
Reduction of scrap
Predictive maintenance
BenefitsThe database sorts data & sends to appropriate department
Tag Selection Guide
Factors affecting Tag Selection
TAG / TRANSPONDER
Frequency Range
Read Range Application
Functionality Environmental Conditions
Standard Compliance
What is application?
LF 125,134 KHz
HF 13.56 MHz
UHF 902-928 MHz
Microwave 2.45 GHz
Short Range
Long Range
Passive Active Semi Passive
RF friendly
Vicinity of Metals & Liquids
ISO/IEC
EPC Gen 1, 2
Form Factor
Reader Selection Guide
Factors affecting Reader Selection
Reader/Interrogator
Frequency Range
Read Range Application
Functionality Environmental Conditions
Standard Compliance
What is application?
LF 125,134 KHz
HF 13.56 MHz
UHF 902-928 MHz
Microwave 2.45 GHz
Short Range
Long Range
Passive Active Semi Passive
RF friendly
Vicinity of Metals & Liquids
ISO/IEC
EPC Gen 1, 2
Form Factor
Coupling, field & applications based on frequency
902-928 MHz
13.56 MHz
125-134 KHz
2.45GHz
Induction Coupling Propagation or Backscatter Coupling
Near Field Communication
Far Field Communication
Short Range Applications
Long Range Applications
Co
up
lin
g,
Fie
ld &
Ap
pli
cati
on
Powered by EM field Powered by Radio-waves
Micro-Wave LF HF UHF
Geo
gra
ph
ica
l R
egio
ns
Micro-Wave LF HF UHF
Region 1
Region 2
Region 3
125 – 134 KHz
868-870 MHz
2.4 – 2.48 GHz
13.56 MHz
125 – 134 KHz
902-928 MHz
2.4 – 2.48 GHz
13.56 MHz
125 – 134 KHz
950-956 MHz
2.4 – 2.48 GHz
13.56 MHz
Europe, Middle East, Africa, Former Soviet Union
US & Canada, Pacific East of international date line
Japan
Frequency Allocation as per region
Micro-wave LF HF UHF902-928
MHz
13.56
MHz
125-134
KHz
2.45
GHz
IS
O/I
EC
180
00-2
IS
O/I
EC
180
00-3
IS
O/I
EC
180
00-6
IS
O/I
EC
180
00-4
EP
C G
en 1
EP
C G
en 1
, G
en 2
Air
In
terf
ace
Pro
toc
ol
Air Interface Protocols standards over frequency range
Max. Possible Read Range based on frequency range
Typical applications based on frequency range
UHF902-928 MHz
HF 13.56 MHz
LF 125-134 KHz
Micro-Wave2.45 GHz
Dock Door ReadingAsset management in WarehouseOverhead readingSmart ShelvesBaggage Tracking
Long Range ApplicationsApplications requiring large data transfer
Electronic Door Locking SystemContact less Smart Card SystemPOS applications
Animal IdentificationItem Level Tracking – Baggage handlingSmart Shelves
Short Range Systems
Short Range Systems: up to 1 m Applications in vicinity of metals and liquids
Long Range Systems: Range>1m
Automatic Toll Collection SystemsSupply Chain Applications
Typical Applications
Fre
qu
enc
y R
ang
e