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ABSTRACT BOOK
2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT
AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
ICESD-2018
(13-14TH MARCH, 2018)
Drive Sustainability towards Behavioral Change
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STUDY CENTER
GC UNIVERSITY LAHORE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sr. No. Title of Abstract
ICESD-01 Responses of Some Selective Ornamental Plants to Manganese (MnCl2)
Stress under Natural Conditions
Sobia Sohail*, Saeed Malik** and M. Ishaque***
ICESD-02 Environmental Issues and Urdu Literature: Analytical Study
Dr. Almas Khanum
ICESD-03 Some Phytoecological Studies along Kallar Kahar Lake, District Chakwal
of Pakistan.
Iram Ijaz, Mansoor Hameed, M. Ishaque and Ahsan ul Haq
ICESD-04 Predicting the Impact of Global Warming and Climate Change Capparis
spinosa Globally
Uzma Ashraf1, Muhammad Nawaz Chaudhry2, Sajid Rashid Ahmed1, Irfan
Ashraf1,3, Muhammad Arsalan4, Hassan Noor1, Mobeen Jabbar1
ICESD-05 Toxicity of Road Runoff Chemicals towards Common carp (Cyprinus
carpio) 1Habiba Rafi, 1Urma Mahrosh
ICESD-06 Diversity And Ecological Characteristics Of Flora Of Tall Dardyal, Tehsil
Kabal, District Swat, Pakistan
Wisal Muhammad Khan1, Syed Zahir Shah1, Muhammad Saleem Khan1 and
Nosheen Umar2
ICESD-07 Landuse Changes and Reforestation in Murree Forest Division using
Geospatial Tools
Javeria Saleem1, Sheikh Saeed Ahmed
ICESD-08 Evaluating the Reducing Potential of Phytochemicals Present in Ficus
palmate Forssk Leaves
Irum Shaheen*1 and Khuram Shahzad Ahmad
ICESD-09 Determination of Essential Amino Acid “Tryptophan” in Fresh Fruits, A
Qualitative and Quantitative Estimation.
Alia Sadiq1* and Muhmmad Qasim Hayat1
ICESD-10 Evaluation of the Allelopathic Potential of Selected Aromatic Plants from
Gilgit Baltistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Atiqa Perveen, Gulrukh Hameed, KainatLiyaqat, Sajida Naeem Khan
ICESD-11 Bacteria and Biochar Addition Alleviate Petroleum Hydrocarbons Stress
on Maize Growth in Polluted Soil
Fizza Mehmood1, Muhammad Imran Khan*1, Muhammad Naveed1,
Nabeel Khan Niazi1, Sardar Alam Cheema2, Zaffar Malik3
ICESD-12 Fungicidal Potential of lantana camara l. Against Colletotrichum
gloeosporioides Penz.
Sana Bashir, *KhajistaJabeen, SumeraIqbal and Bareera Khan
ICESD-13 Antibiotic Misuse, Resistance and its Environmental Impacts among
General Public of Lahore.
Samra Mahboob1, Iqra Tariq1, Muhammad Farhan1, *, Maqsood Ahmad2
ICESD-14 Molecular Phylogenetic Anaylsis of Genus Calvatia From Pakistan
Nousheen Yousaf1, Abdul Nasir Khalid2& Abdul Rehman Niazi3
ICESD-15 Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Based Identification of Artemisia annua L.
(Asteraceae) from Western Himalayan Region of Pakistan
Sadia Malik1 and Muhammad Qasim Hayat
ICESD-16 A Taxonomic Study of some Puffballs and Earthstars from Dhirkot, District
Bagh, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan 1*Maham Fatima, 2*Nousheen Yousaf, 3 Muhammad Hanif & 4Abdul Nasir Khalid
ICESD-17 Nematodes Use as Indicator for Heavy Metal Contamination in Rhizosphere
Soil along Roadside in Bhakkar, Pakistan
Dr.Musarrat1 and Safdar Hayat2
ICESD-18 Microbe Mediated Biosurfactant Production using Cheaper Carbon
Source
Bazgha Mustafa, Hira Hashim and Aisha WaheedQurashi
ICESD-19 Climate Change Impact on Forest Cover Change: Implication for Carbon-
Stock Assessment and Sustainable Development in HKH Region-Pakistan
Sohail Abbasa , Safdar Ali Shirazib, Muhammad Junaid Mahmoodc
ICESD-20 Evaluation of Soil Salinity and its Impacts on Agriculture: Nexus of RBOD-
III, Pakistan
Dr.Noor HussainChandio
ICESD-21 Cause and Damage Analysis of 2010 Flood Disaster in District
Muzaffargarh, Central Indus Basin
Shakeel Mahmood¹, Atta-ur Rahman², Asif Sajjad¹
ICESD-22 Spatio-temporal Fluctuations in Rainfall for Assessment of Drought and
Wet Spells in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 1971-2015
Ghani Rahman1, Atta-ur Rahman2
ICESD-23 Biosynthesis, Characterization and Applications of Silver Nanoparticles
using Potato peels
Zuberia Tasleem, Zill-i-HumaNazli* and Maryam Aslam
ICESD-24 Influence of Wood Derived BC and Cow Manure BC on Production
Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Tomato (Lycopersicon
esculentumm.) Plants
Saira Batool1, Dr. Shamim Gul2, Prof. Dr. Rukhsana Jabeen1, Sadaf Aslam
Ghori1, Saniya Tahir1 & Meenah Sohail1
ICESD-25 Association of Alpha-tocopherol’s Seed Treatment with Osmotic
Adjustment in Sunflower under Salt Stress
Irfana Lalarukh1* and Muhammad Shahbaz2
ICESD-26 Extraction and Characterization of Humic Acid using Coal and its
Evaluation as Organomineral fertilizer
UzmaJavaid1, Kiran Aftab1* and RikzaZahid
ICESD-27 Studying the Effect of climate Change on crop Production and Water
Resources through Remote Sensing
Muhammad Sami Ul Din1, Ashfaq Ahmad2,Aftab Wajid3, Tasneem Khaliq3,Wajid
Nasim1,Muhammad Mubeen1*, Abdul Rauf1, Hafiz Umar Farid4, Rameez
Ahsan4, Waseem Akram5, Khizer Amanet1, Mazhar Saleem1, Rida Akram1, Asad
Amin1, Muhammad Amjad1, Syed Ahsan Zahoor1
ICESD-28 Silicon Soil Application at Different Growth Stages Enhances The
Productivity of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Cd Toxicity
Arslan Rauf1*, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Irfan Sohail1, Hinnan
Khaild1,2, Muhammad Usman1 and Tehmina Faiz1
ICESD-29 Hydrological Response Simulations Of Snow And Glacier Melt Dominated
Swat River Basin For Estimating Flood Peak Discharge Using Satellite Data
Gul Muhammad1, Dr. Azmat Hayat Khan1
ICESD-30 Domestic Three Stage Treatment Option For Water Stressed Communities
Mehwish Haq Nawaz* and Dr. M. Anwar Baig**
ICESD-31 Improvement of Saline-sodic Soil’s Health Employing Pure and Doped
Nanoparticles Doped Biochars – A Pot Scale Experiment
M. N. Anwar1, A. Fayyaz1, N. F. Sohail1, W.U.D Khan1, M. Baqar1
ICESD-32 Monitoring and Mapping of soil Macronutrients using LANDSAT 8
Imagery.
Aisha Abdul Waris*, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Muhammad Ashar Ayub and Fahad
Sardar
ICESD-33 Impact of Globalization on Green Growth: A Case of OECD Countries
Mahwish Zafar, Shazia Kousar
ICESD-34 Comparative Effectiveness of Biochar And Compost Application For Cd
Immobilization Along With Wheat Cultivation On Cd Contaminated Soil
Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman1*, Hinnan Khaild1,2, Muhammad Rizwan3, Shafaqat
Ali3 and Muhammad Zeeshan1
ICESD-35 Flash Flood Susceptibility Modelling using Geo-morphometric Approach in
Ushairy Basin, Eastern Hindu Kush
Shakeel Mahmood¹, Atta-ur Rahman²
ICESD-36 Influence of Composted and uncomposted Pressmud on Maize Growth in
Soil
Muhammad Amir Amin1, Muhammad Imran Khan*1, Muhammad Sana Ullah1,
Abdul Wakeel1, Imran Ashraf2, Muhammad Azam3
ICESD-37 Climate Change Vulnerability of Pakistan and Possible Adaptation and
Mitigation Options through Research and Development
A. Fayyaz1, M.N. Anwar1, S. Fatima1, N. Farrukh1, M.Baqar1
ICESD-38 Effect of Salicylic Acid Amended Bagass on the Growth of Wheat in Saline
Soil
Muhammad Aqeel Shoukat1, Muhammad Imran Khan*1, Safdar Bashir1, Zulfiqar
Ahmad Saqib1, Imran Khan2, Muhammad Azam3, Rashad Qadri3
ICESD-39 Studying Barriers to and Opportunities for Climate Resilient Agriculture
Innovation for Improved Food Security Of Marginalised Communities in
the Indus Ecoregion
Aneeba Rashida, Mohsen Gulb, Ehsan Gulc
ICESD-40 Waste Water Treatment through Membrane Bioreactor - Review
Muhammad Arslan
ICESD-41 Temperature trend Detection and its Impact On River Discharge in Swat
Basin using Mann-Kendall Trend Model: A Geographical Perspective
Muhammad Dawood1and Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman1
ICESD-42 Assessment of Health Risks and Environmental Quality By Noise Pollution
Hinnan Khaild1,2*, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman1 and Hafiza Amara Hamid1
ICESD-43 Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water and Sediments of the Nullah
Bein, Basanter and Nullah Daik - Tributaries of the River Ravi, Pakistan
Muhammad Umer Nawaz Bajwaa, Mujtaba Baqarb, Abdul Qadira, Muhammad
Salmanc
ICESD-44 A Sociocultural Qualitative Comparison of Two Important Cities of
Pakistan Due To Planned and Unplanned Urbanization
Badrunnisa Ch.1 , Dr. Mohammad Hashim Zuberi
ICESD-45 Spatial Epidemiology Of Tuberculosis In Gujrat City: A Geographical
Perspective
Muhammad Miandad1, Muhammad Mushahid Anwar1, Shawaz Ahmed1
ICESD-46 Mapping Of Groundwater Potential Zones Using Remote Sensing And GIS
Techniques
Munazza Usmani and sajid Rashid Ahmad
ICESD-47 Increasing the Life Span and Efficiency of Membrane Bioreactors, by
Controlling Membrane Biofouling
Mariam Ayub Nawaz, Nadeeha Saeed, Shinho Chung
ICESD-48 Application of Ozone in Cotton Bleaching using Various Additives to
Reduce Water Pollution
Fariha Arooj1*, Aisha Nazir, Aysha Iftikhar, Saman Sana
ICESD-49 Evaluation Of Ceiling Fan Dust As An Indicator Of Indoor PCBS Pollution
In Selected Cities Of Punjab, Pakistan
Foqia Khalida, Abdul Qadira*, Adeel Mehmoodb, Saba Hafeeza, Iqra Aslama,
Gan Zhangc
ICESD-50 Herbal Leather Dyeing: A Step Forward towards the Sustainability of
Green Technology
Shazia Pervaiz1*, Tahira Aziz Mughal2, & Filza Zafar Khan3
ICESD-51 Capitalist Development and Environment Sustainability: Can they be
reconciled?
Rabia Sohail
ICESD-52 Comparative Study of Functionalized UiO-66 for Adsorptive Removal of
Polychloroethylene
Marria Ghalib1, Uzaira Rafique, Hira Saleem
ICESD-53 Use of Remote Sensing to Monitor Urbanization in Lyallpur Town of
Faisalabad
Muhammad Ashar Ayub1*, Hamaad Raza Ahmad1, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman1,
Hinnan Khaild1,2 and Khansa Komal1
ICESD-54 Evaluation of Drinking Water Quality Using Water Quality Indexmodel,
Hydrochemistry And Geospatial Techniques In The Vicinity of Kasur City
Maham Tahir1&Shumaila Majeed2
ICESD-55 Comparative Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Plants of a Paper and
Pulp Mill at Lahore and Kasur
Ayesha Siddiqua1, Amtul Bari Tabinda1, Abdullah Yasar1, Yusra Mahfooz1
ICESD-56 Removal Of Synthetic Dye (Blue FBN) From Aqueous Solution Using
Modified Local Clay Adsorbent
Anum Javed , Abida Kausar, Zill-i-Huma Nazli
ICESD-57 Optimization of Membrane Module Configuration in Membrane Bioreactor
Nadeeha Saeed, Mariam Ayub Nawaz, Shinho Chung
ICESD-58 Energy Utilization Monitoring and Designing Energy Efficiency Analytics
for Knitwear Industry
Khadija Asad*a, RizwanRasheeda b, Almas Hamida
ICESD-59 Small Scale Sewage Treatment Plants: A Case Study Of Canal View
Cooperative Housing Society, Lahore
Ayesha Ijaz Cheema and Mohammad Rafiq Khan
ICESD-60 Epidemeiological Study Of Hepatitis B & C And Its Spatio - Temporal
Distribution In Lahore Metropolitan And District In GIS Perspective
Zainab Shah
ICESD-61 Assessing the Impact of Distance in Deteriorating the Health of Daily
Commuters Working in Lahore in a GIS Environment
Samina Iqbal* & Ibtisam Butt
ICESD-62 Evaluation of Hydroquinone, Mercury and Total Plate Count in Skin
Lightening Creams Available at Local Markets of Lahore
Mehreen Arshada, Yumna Sadefa, Muhammad Naeemb, Farzana Bashirb, Misbah
Noreena
ICESD-63 Public Perception About Noise Pollution;A Case Study of Faisalabad,
Pakistan
Muhammad Arif Saeed1, Kashif Mahmood2 and Muhammad Nasar-u-Minallah1
ICESD-64 Treatment and Extraction of Nickel from Edible Oil Waste Sludge and its
Particle Size Analysis through XRD (X-ray Diffraction)
Rabia Shaukat
ICESD-65 Environmental Footprint of Leather Industry
Sehrish Afzal1, Amtul Bari Tabinda*1, Abdullah Yasar1, Rizwan Rasheed1, Anum
Iqbal1
ICESD-66 Patterns of Groundwater Pollution Along The Industrial Zones of Lahore,
Kasur and Kala Shah Kaku
Momina Anwar1&Shumaila Majeed2
ICESD-67 Alterations in Copper, Iron, Manganese And Zinc Availability And Uptake
By Hydroponically Grown Triticum aestivum L. Treated with Different
Cadmium Levels
Muhammad Azhar1*, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Irfan Sohail1,
Muhammad Naeem Khan2 and Umair Riaz3
ICESD-68 Effects of Drinking Water Quality on Growth, Hematological and
Anatomical parameters of Chicks
Sehrish Iqbal, Naveed Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Muhammad Akram, Muhammad
Imran,
ICESD-69 Groundwater Nitrate Remediation by Iron Minerals
Shanawar Hamid*, Haroon Rahid, Abdul Nasir, Ch. Arslan and Asma Sattar
ICESD-70 Drinking Water Quality Of New Plant And Its Comparison With
Conventional Water Supply In A Rural Area: A Case Study Of Faisalabad
Yusra Mahfooz1, Amtul Bari Tabinda1, Abdullah Yasar1, Muhammad Tayyab
Sohail2, Ayesha Siddiqua
ICESD-71 Paris Agreement: A Beacon of Hope for Climate Action - A Critical
Appraisal
N. F. Sohail1, M. N. Anwar1, A. Fayyaz1, B. K. Bakht1, M. Iftikhar1, M. Baqar1
ICESD-72 Exploring Nitrate Elevations In Groundwater And Associated Health
Concerns
Afifa Malik, Abdullah Yasar, Amtul Bari Tabinda, Sidra Mukhtar
ICESD-73 Geospatial Technology Appraising The Plantation of Biofuel Source in
Pakistan
Muhammad Jahangir Khan1, Mahmood Ahmed Sajid2
ICESD-74 Performance of Microalgae In Solid Waste Integrated Treatment & Biogas
Production To Meet Energy Crisis In Pakistan
Zara Maqsood1 and Dr. Muhummad Anwar Baig1
ICESD-75 Extraction of Copper From Electronic Waste Through Leaching
Amina Hadayat, Fakhra Aslam and Arifa Tahir
ICESD-76 Effect of Pretreatments and Co-digestion on Biogas Production from
Organic Kitchen Residues and Paperboard Waste
Adeema Zareen1 and Dr. Muhummad Anwar Baig1
ICESD-77 Comparative Efficiency of Two Different Incinerators in Terms of Exhaust
Gases and Ash Produced
Ihtesham Khattak
ICESD-78 Thermo-catalytic Decomposition of Plastic Waste Into Valuable Products
Jan Nisar
ICESD-79 A GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Evaluation System For Suitable Landfill Site
Selection: For Lahore, Pakistan
Khadija Asif1, Uzma Ashraf 2, M. Nawaz Chaudhry1
ICESD-80 Foreign Direct Investment, Trade Openness and Environmental
Degradation: Empirical Evidence from the ARDL Bound Test Approach for
Pakistan
Sajid Ali1, Raima Nazar2
ICESD-81 Generation and Management Practices of e-Waste in Hafeez Centre Lahore,
Pakistan
Anum Iqbal1*, Sumbal Arshad1, Amtul Bari Tabinda1, Abdullah Yasar1
ICESD-82 An Econometric Study of Environmental Degradation, Energy
Consumption and Economic Growth for Pakistan
Raima Nazar1, Sajid Ali2
ICESD-83 An assessment of Health Impact of Hospital Waste On Sanitary Workers in
Lahore, Pakistan
Anam Riaz*, Dr. Ibtisam Butt**
ICESD-84 Economic Analysis and Recycling Of Plastic Waste Post Consumer Pet
Bottle In Lahore Pakistan
Laraib Fatima1*, Abdullah Yasar1, Rizwan Rasheed1
ICESD-85 Biomass Production, And Nutritional Value Of The Berries of Livistona
chinensis
Fiza Pir Dad, Ramla Hasnain, Amin Ul Haq Khan, Faiza Sharif
ICESD-86 Role of Energy Efficient Products to Induce Sustainable Development
Practices Among the Communities in Hunza, Gilgit Baltistan
Irfan Karim & Amin U. Khan
ICESD-87 Gasification: A Paradigm shift from Non-Renewable to Renewable Energy
Khadija Sadiq, Asma Ghaffar, Dr. Engg. Abdullah Yasar, Dr. Amtul Bari
Tabinda
ICESD-88 Integration of Environmental Aspects In Secondary Level Science
Education Curricula In Pakistan
Asma Javed, Nadia Akhtar*, Muhammad Irfan Khan
ICESD-89 Using of Begass for the Removal of Hexavalent Chromium From Tanneries
Waste Water And Health Risk Assessment
Mehwish Rubab, Muhammad Afzaal
ICESD-90 Agro-Waste Gasifier; An Alternate Cooking Energy Source For Rural
Households
Muhammad Masood Khan
ICESD-91 Energy Efficiency Auditing of Polyester Textile Industry
Rizwan Rasheed, Arfa Shahid
ICESD-92 Wastewater Treatment Using Membrane Bioreactor
Dil Afroz
ICESD-93 Use of Coal Fly Ash in Wastewater Treatment
Muhammad Faisal Irshad
ICESD-94 A Sustainable Alternative Waste Water Treatment Technology;
Constructed Wetlands
Fizza Tahir, Abdullah Yasar
ICESD-95 Attitudes and Perspectives of University Students about Biodiversity
Conservation Projects of Pakistan
Muhammad Umer Hayat, Hifza Butt, Samrah Batool
ICESD-96 Role of Activated Carbon in Waste Water Treatment
Muhammad Ibtihaj Shabbir
ICESD-97 Economic Potential of Plastic PET Bottle Recycling and Degradation in
Lahore Pakistan
Laraib Fatima, Abdullah Yasar, Amtul Bari Tabinda, Rizwan Rasheed
ICESD-98 Application Of Advance Oxidation Processes For Removal Of Color, Tss ,
Cod And Bod From Textile Wastewater
Muhammad Rehman Majeed
ICESD-99 Climate Change Policy And Urban Intervention On The Basis Of Analysis
Of National Climate Change Policy And New Master Plan
Mahad Ali
ICESD-100 Electrocoagulation Process In Wastewater Treatment: A Review Of
Electrocoagulation Passivation Of Electrodes And Cod Removal In
Different Types Of Wastewater
Mahad Ali & Mujtaba Baqar
ICESD-101 Assessment of Human Exposure to Some Poly-Chlorinated Biphenyls
(PCBs) in District Lahore
Maida Kanwal, AarfaTufail and Dr. Abdul Qadir
ICESD-102 Waste Water Treatment through Membrane Bioreactor - Review
Muhammad Arslan
ICESD-103 Comparative Analysis of Sustainable Agricultural Techniques in Narang
Mandi Punjab
Nida Bawar, Afshan Shahid
ICESD-104 Different Techniques of Wastewater Treatment by Forward Osmosis.
Nida Bawar
ICESD-105 Treatment and Extraction of Nickel from Edible Oil Waste Sludge and Its
Particle Size Analysis through PXRD (Powder X-Ray Diffraction)
Rabia Shaukat; Dr. Abdullah yasar; Dr. A.B. Tabinda; Dr. Rizwan Rasheed;
Aniza naveed
ICESD-106 Treatment of Food Industry Wastewater Using Microbial Fuel Cell
Sameen Salman, Ahmad Iqbal
ICESD-107 Transforming Industrial Effluent to Bio-Energy Trough UASB Reactor: A
Path to Energy Self-Sufficiency
Muhammad Shahzad, Abdullah Yasar, Mohsin Ali
ICESD-108 Comparative Evaluation of Growth Pattern of Reddish Vegetable after
Application of Different Amendments under Chromium Stress
Warda tahira
*Errors & Omissions (E&OE) are excepted
ICESD-01
Responses of Some Selective Ornamental Plants to Manganese (MnCl2) Stress under
Natural Conditions
Sobia Sohail*, Saeed Malik** and M. Ishaque***
* Visiting lecturer of Botany at UAF Sub-Campus Burewala Vehari.
** Department of Botany, BZ University, Multan.
***Professor of Forestry, UAF Sub-Campus Burewala Vehari.
[email protected], Tel. 0303-6677786
Exceeding concentrations of heavy metals in soil and irrigation water are phytotoxic and can
severely damage crop potential. Anthropogenic origin of Mn in agriculture soil has caused
considerable crop loss. Therefore, in the present study two plants (Dimorphotheca sinuate) and
(Phlox drummondii) of an economically important families Asteraceae and Polmoniaceae were
evaluated for various growth and biochemical attributes after their exposure to varying levels of
Mn. Plants were exposed to 0.21 g/kg, 0.42 g/kg and 0.6 g/kg of MnCl2 in soil along with control.
Different morphological attributes were studied to assess tolerance/toxicity of metal. Changes in
chlorophyll and carotenoids were also assessed. The results clearly indicated that the most elevated
levels of MnCl2 have severely affected various growth parameters of both plants. It showed better
threshold for growth in response to MnCl2.So it is clearly elaborated in this study that both the
plants have no such toxic effects and have no effect on its growth attributes regarding to salt given.
In addition carotenoids, chlorophyll content also did not exhibit any drastic change.
Keywords: Accumulation of metals; Ornamental Plants; Phytotoxicology
ICESD-02
Environmental Issues and Urdu Literature: Analytical Study
Dr. Almas Khanum
Department of Urdu, Government College University Lahore
Literature covers all matters of life and for a writer it is not possible to ignore the environment and
its problems. That's why the ecology has always been the important topic of literature but this
become a movement in literature by William Ravkurt's article “Literature and Ecology” in
1974.After this, the critics were also attracted to this crucial topic and critical criticisms on
literature and environment came to the scene. Like literature in other languages of the world,
environmental study is also an important issue of Urdu literature. Due to environmental pollution
with the beginning of modern scientific period, the problems started to create devastating effects
on human life, these problems are not hidden by the sensitive class of society Poets and Writers.
Literary works of Majeed Amjad, Intizar Hussain and Mustansar Hussain Tararr are valuable in
this regard. The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of Urdu Literature and
Environment, while identifying the role of these prominent writers and poets in Urdu, which has
place the environmental study in its writings. Explanation of poets and poetic views against
environmental pollution, climate Change, to assess its impact on the society and to identify the
framework of environmental literature also include the purposes of this article.
Keywords: Literature and Environment, Climate Changes, Urdu poetry, Urdu fiction, Urdu novel,
framework of environmental literature
ICESD-03
Some Phytoecological studies along Kallar Kahar Lake, District Chakwal of Pakistan.
Iram Ijaz, Mansoor Hameed, M. Ishaque and Ahsan ul Haq
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
[email protected], Tel. 03054621444
An extensive field survey on plant diversity was conducted around the Kallar Kahar Lake during
the month of April in 2017. Climate of the study location was sub-tropical. The main objectives
of the study were to determine the vegetation attributes (plant density, frequency and cover) of
existing plants species and the effects of saltwater of lake on the structure of plant community
present around this Lake. The plant species recorded in the study area were 116 and such species
belonged to 35 families. Plant sampling was done and various species were identified from study
site. Findings of the study indicated that the plant density of Chenopodium morale was highest
while Cynodon doctylon had intermediate density. Cyperous rotudus, Chenopodium album and
Achyranthus aspera had lowest densities. The frequencies of the species Chenopodium morale,
Cynodon dactylonand and Cyperus rotundus were high while Desmostachya bipinnata and
Convolvus arvensis had intermediate frequencies. Typha domingensis and Sacchrum bengalence
had lower frequencies. Plant covers of Chenopodium morale and Cynodon dactylon were high.
Fragmites karka had intermediate cover while Ficus bangalensis had lower cover. The study has
thus provided important information on vegetation attributes near the above lake which would be
very helpful for further research on the species.
Keywords: plant biodiversity, phytoecology of kallar kahar Lake.
ICESD-04
Predicting the Impact of Global Warming and Climate Change Capparis spinosa Globally
Uzma Ashraf1, Muhammad Nawaz Chaudhry2, Sajid Rashid Ahmed1, Irfan Ashraf1,3, Muhammad
Arsalan4, Hassan Noor1, Mobeen Jabbar1
1College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan 2Department of Environmental Sciences & Policy, Lahore School of Economics, Lahore,
Pakistan 3Strategic Policy Unit, Lahore Development Authority, Lahore, Pakistan
4Environmental Biotechnology Department, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research,
Leipzig, Germany
Recent changes in climate are beginning to transform all forms of life on earth. Several plants and
animal species have been greatly impacted while remaining proportion is under threat at current
situation. The present study aims to recognize the potential impacts of climate change on a
xerophyte, medicinal plant namely Capparisspinosa L. in world. Maxent ecological niche model
was use to predict current and future potential distribution of C. spinosa; considering 20 RCP
GCM scenarios with 2 time periods (2050 and 2070). All scenarios give different results, there is
low to moderate impact on the distribution of this specie. Since this species can grow in mainly
arid and semi arid environment, therefore along the high pressure tropical regions, there are
chances of increase in this species with RCP 4.5 (2050) and RCP 8.5 (2070). The variable which
contributes the most in the prediction of distribution of this species is Isothermality. Results
indicate that the future distribution of C. spinosa is decreasing in some regions of the world and
increasing in others. Results of Maxent are highly accurate with 0.93 AUC. Therefore, it is
recommended to use Maxent for estimation of suitable habitat of any species, as the results predict
the most suitable areas for plantation of C. Spinosa.
Keywords: Capparisspinosa; Ecological Modeling; Maxent; Isothermality
ICESD-05
Toxicity of Road Runoff Chemicals Towards Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
1Habiba Rafi, 1Urma Mahrosh 1Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,
National University of Sciences and Technology
[email protected] ; 0340-1523557
Road related contaminants are considered as a significant source of pollution, however there are
only few studies conducted on the toxicity of road runoff on fresh water fish species. Fish occur at
the top of food chain hierarchy in aquatic environment and also considered as valuable indicator
of aquatic pollution. This present study evaluates the toxicity of road runoff by simulating road
runoff process under leaching experiment using road dust samples. To understand the toxicity of
road runoff, fish toxicity test using Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was performed in a semi static
exposure system by giving exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations of chromium (Cr)
cadmium (Cd) and mixture of Cr-Cd for 45 days at test concentrations of 0.2, 2 mg/l for Cr and
0.05, 0.1 mg/l Cd and 2 + 0.1 mg/l Cr-Cd. Toxicity of Cr and Cd was assessed by using set of
biomarkers such as haematological parameters, erythrocytes nuclear and cellular abnormalities
and uptake in gills tissue. Exposure of Cr, Cd and mixture of Cr-Cd resulted in significant (P<0.05)
decrease in red blood cell count, hemoglobin content, haematocrit concentration and significant
(P>0.05) decrease in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) whereas, significant increase (P<0.05) in
white blood cells count (WBC) was found. Increase and decrease in haematological indices
revealed that Common carp exposed to heavy metals was under stress. Nuclear and cellular
abnormalities in erythrocytes of Common carp revealed genotoxicity of Cr and Cd even at the
lowest concentrations (0.2 mg Cr/l and 0.05 mg Cd/l). The uptake of Cr in gills tissues increased
significantly (P<0.01) at test concentrations singly (0.2, 2 mg Cr/l) and in combination (mixture
of Cr and Cd; 2 + 0.1 mg/l Cr-Cd) however, exposure to Cd singly at a concentration of 0.05, 0.1
mg Cd/l resulted increase (p<0.01) accumulation of Cd in gills but Cd uptake in gills decreased
significantly (p<0.01) when exposed to mixture of Cr and Cd. The present study gives indication
of risks by road related contaminants to fresh water bodies.
Keywords: Common carp; heavy metals toxicity; haematological indices; Erythrocytes
deformities; gills uptake
ICESD-06
Diversity And Ecological Characteristics Of Flora Of Tall Dardyal, Tehsil Kabal, District
Swat, Pakistan
Wisal Muhammad Khan1, Syed Zahir Shah1, Muhammad Saleem Khan1 and Nosheen Umar2 1Department of Botany, Islamia College, Peshawar, Pakistan
2Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
The current study comprised of floristic diversity, vegetation profile of Tall Dardyal, Swat. The
study was conducted during 2013-2015. Sum 324 plant species belonging to 251 genera and 93
families were recorded from the area. Out of these, 78 families were dicots, 08 monocots, 02
gymnosperms and 05 pteridophytes. Monocot genera were 32 and dicot genera, 206.
Gymnosperms and pteridophytes have 04 and 09 genera respectively. Asteraceae, Poaceae,
Rosaceae, Lamiaceae and Papillionaceae were the dominant families of the area. The flora
included 297 wild species (91.66%) while 27 cultivated species (8.33%). Deciduous species were
298(91.97%) and evergreen 26(8.02%), 311 non-spiny (95.98%) and 13(4.01%) were spiny
species. Heliophytes and sciophytes were 248(76.54%) and 76(23.45%) respectively. Of the total
324 species, 217 species (66.97%) were of dry habitat, 92 species (28.39%) of moist habitat and
15 species (4.62%) were aquatic. Therophytes were the dominant life form followed by
hemicryptophytes with regard to biological spectrum. The predominant leaf size spectra were
microphylls followed by nanophylls, mesophylls and leptophylls. As regards the leaf types, 245
species (75.61%) had simple leaves, whereas 76 species (23.45%) had compound leaves.
Aphyllous were represented by only 03 species (0.92%). Forty nine plant communities were
established, among these 17 herbs communities, 16 shrubs and trees communities each in the
selected sub-localities (stands). Plant communities were established on the basis of percent
frequency value using TWINSPAN analysis with β-diversity dissimilarity index under JUICE 7.0.
These communities were comprised of 108 plant species. Among these, 75 were herbs, 18 shrubs
and 15 trees. Species ordination of each sub-locality for herbs, shrubs and trees were performed
by Principle Component Analysis (PCA) using CANOCO Version 4.5. The study provides a
baseline for the vegetation of the area, which can further be used in a variety of ways for scientific
exploration and wellbeing of the associated communities of the area.
ICESD-07
Landuse Changes and Reforestation in Murree Forest Division Using Geospatial Tools
Javeria Saleem1, Sheikh Saeed Ahmed 1 1 Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Ecotourism has significant role in improving the socioeconomic condition of an area as well in
GDP of a country around a globe. Particularly Pakistan, tourism is multimillion business in Murree
Forest Division because of its forest cover. However increased tourism activities has resulted in
degradation of natural resources therefore current research is focused on analyzing the status of
natural resources particularly forest in Murree Tehsil. Accurate calculations of Previous and
current landcover/landuse (LULC) classes is pre-requisite for evaluating the status of forested land
and this could be achieved by utilizing the Remote Sensing and Geographic information System
(RS-GIS) tools. Land cover of four union councils (Tret, Dewal, Ghora Gali and Rawat) of Murree
Tehsil has been analyzed in current study by utilizing satellite data acquired from SPOT 2 for year
2000 and SPOT 5 for years 2008 and 2014. Supervised classification-maximum likelihood
technique was applied in ERDAS IMAGINE 9.1 for detection of changes occurred in LULC
classes over fourteen years and five classes were delineated i.e., Forest, Vegetation, Bare Soil/
Snow, Water and Settlements. Moreover, LULC and overlay maps of land use classes were
developed in ArcGIS 10. The overall achieved accuracies were 93%, 91% and 92% while Kappa
statistics were 0.8145, 0.7504 and 0.7795 for the years 2000, 2008 and 2014, respectively. Findings
of the current study revealed that vegetation was the major land class in Murree Tehsil in 2000
which has decreased up to 62% in 2014 while settlements has increased from 7% to 80% within
fourteen years in Murree Tehsil. Water bodies have also showed a decrease trend while Forest and
Bare Soil/ Snow has expanded. Vegetation land was transformed to Settlements, Bare Soil/ Snow
and Forest land. This amplification posed a great threat to water bodies which depleted over
fourteen years but management practices have been carried out for restoration of degraded land.
The condition of the Murree Tehsil is somehow satisfactory as practices have been carried out by
non- governmental organizations in collaboration of Punjab Forest departments. However, there
is a need to adopt more efficient and conservative practices for sustainability of ecosystem
resources. The enhanced knowledge about the environment and of forests causes awareness among
visitors for the conservation of nature along with tourism development.
Keywords: Ecotourism, Land Cover land use, Supervised classification, remote sensing
ICESD-08
Evaluating the Reducing Potential of Phytochemicals Present in Ficus palmate Forssk
Leaves
Irum Shaheen*1 and Khuram Shahzad Ahmad
1Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan
[email protected]; [email protected]
Ficus palmata Forssk is one of the tallest wild fig from Moraceae family. In present study the
photochemistry of dried leaves of Ficus palmata Forssk has been evaluated. The plant leaf is
known as laboratory of the plant, where different types of pigments are synthesized. Leaves of F.
palmate was collected, washed and then were dried under shade for one week. Dried powdered
plant leaves were investigated for estimation of phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols and other all
possible Phytochemicals of leaves accompanied by Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometer,
high-performance liquid chromatography, UV–Vis spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared
spectroscopy. Total Phenolic, flavonoids and flavonols compounds were estimated by HPLC and
UV–Vis spectroscopy using Gallic acid and Rutin as standard and the final results were expressed
as gallic acid equivalents (GAE) and rutin equivalents (Rt). GC–MS analysis revealed many useful
biologically active constituents of high and low molecular weight chemical entities with varying
quantities present in methanolic extracts. All these results were indicating that F. palmate leaves
could be useful as potential reducing and antioxidant agents. Reducing potential of F. palmate was
evaluated by reducing zinc acetate dehydrate (Zn(O₂CCH₃)₂) into ZnO nanoparticle.
Phytosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticle has been confirmed by UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR
spectroscopy XRD with average particle size of 43 nm. The UV–vis absorption spectra of the pure
ZnO NPs exhibited absorption peaks at 337 nm. FTIR spectra revealed the involvement of
Phenolic, flavonoids and other phytochemicals of F. palmate in the formation and stabilization of
ZnO NPs.
ICESD-09
Determination of Essential Amino Acid “Tryptophan” in Fresh Fruits, A qualitative
and Quantitative Estimation.
Alia Sadiq1* and Muhmmad Qasim Hayat1 1Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB),
National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan
[email protected]; [email protected]
Tryptophan (Trp) is an important essential amino acid, commonly present in plant-based
nutritional sources. It plays an important role as precursor for the synthesis of various
neurotransmitter such as serotonin and other biochemical compound including tryptamine,
melatonin and niacin, which are vital for various physiological activities in human. Due to lack of
synthetic metabolic pathway, human body is dependent upon various dietary sources of tryptophan
to avoid deficiency and respective health issues. Therefore, this study designed to determine the
essential amino acid Tryptophan in fresh fruits including Banana (Musa sapientum), Green Apple
(Malus domestica), grapes (Vitis vinifera), Peach (Prunus persica) and Mango (Mangifera indica
L.). Preliminary, Folin’s test and Hopkins-Cole reaction showed positive results for the presence
of Trp in all fruits except Peach. Spectrophotometric analysis showed high Trp content in Banana
(3.7 mg/kg) and Mango (2.4 mg/kg). Further RP-HPLC identified and confirmed the presence of
Trp in Banana (RT=7.51), Green Apple (RT=7.1), grapes (7.56), and Mango (7.8). Results of
chemical evaluation showed that these fruits are good dietary source for the Trp, which can be an
alternative source for Trp deficiency in diet, particularly helpful for the improvement of various
physiological activities in patients suffering of Trp deficiencies.
Keywords: Tryptophan; Folin’s test; Hopkin’s Test; RP-HPLC; Tryptophan Deficiency.
ICESD-10
Evaluation of the Allelopathic Potential of Selected Aromatic Plants from Gilgit Baltistan
and Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Atiqa Perveen, Gulrukh Hameed, KainatLiyaqat, Sajida Naeem Khan
Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad
Aromatic plants play an important role in the study areas amongst farmers and other people living
in villages and remote areas. Some plants have bioactive properties which enable them to have
allelopathic activity. A research to evaluate the allelopathic potential of 48 aromatic plant species
of Gilgit Baltistan and Azad Jammu Kashmir was carried out by using dish pack method. Dry leaf
leachats of aromatic and medicinal plant species were used against the Lettuce seeds as the test
species growth was measured after 72 hours. Plant species showed certain inhibitory effect on the
growth of Lettuce.Mentharoyleanshowed the greatest inhibitory effects on lettuce growth followed
by Melia azedarch, Solanum villosum, Elaeagnusaugustifolia, and Buddlejaasiatica among other
top 5 species. These plant species have certain uses e.g. they produce fruits, some are medicinal
plants, some are used for ornamental purposes and some are also used for timber wood and fodder
for livestock. The results suggest that these plants may have allelopathic compounds and may be
used as weed control (bio-herbicides) and growth enhancer as a result improving the environmental
quality and sustainable development along with economic benefits for local community, and also
may be used as a candidate for isolation and identification by using the techniques, Mass
Spectrometry (MS), thin layer chromatography (TLC), Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to
develop an alternative weed management strategy in future.
ICESD-11
Bacteria and Biochar Addition Alleviate Petroleum Hydrocarbons Stress on Maize
Growth in Polluted Soil
Fizza Mehmood1, Muhammad Imran Khan*1, Muhammad Naveed1, Nabeel Khan
Niazi1, Sardar Alam Cheema2, Zaffar Malik3
1Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan 2Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
3Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The
Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
[email protected] Tel: +923357079665
Due to their ubiquitous presence and high toxic nature, petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) are the
pollutants of grave environmental concern. PHs are harmful to all living organisms including
plants, animals and humans. When present in irrigated water or soil, they cause negative impacts
on growth and development of crop plants. Unfortunately, in Pakistan, this is one of the most
neglected environmental problems. Interestingly, the toxic effects of PHs on plants can be reduced
by the addition of plant-growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) and/or by biochar amendment. In this
study, a pot experiment was carried out in wire house of Institute of Soil and Environmental
Sciences (ISES), University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF) and response of PGPB and biochar
amendments was observed on maize growth in soil artificially polluted with diesel. Results showed
that shoot lengths were higher in the treatment with bacteria than that of treatment with biochar.
Similarly, fresh and dry biomasses of the plants in soil with bacteria were significantly greater than
biochar amended soil. Likewise, most of the physiological parameters such as chlorophyll contents
and stomatal conductance etc. remained higher in PGPB amended soil than soil with biochar only.
Overall, combine use of PGPB and biochar showed the most promising results in reducing the
toxic effects of PHs on maize growth.
Keywords: Biotoxicity; Petroleum hydrocarbons; Biochar; PGPB; Maize
ICESD-12
Fungicidal Potential of Lantana camara l. Against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides penz.
Sana Bashir, *KhajistaJabeen, SumeraIqbal and Bareera Khan
Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore
The present study was conducted to find out nature friendly antifungal compounds from Lantana
camaraL. against ColletotrichumgloeosporioidesPenz. thecausal agent of anthracnose disease of
mango. Methanolic extract of different parts viz. leaves, stem and fruit were tested against
C.gloeosporioides in vitro. The 0.5% methanolic fruit extract concentration of L. camara showed
the maximum antifungal potential against targeted fungus by reducing 66% fungal growth. The
pytochemical analysis of fruit, stem and leaves of L. camarashowed the presence of alkoloids,
flavanoids, tannin, saponin, glycoside and terpenoids. The methanolic fruit extract of L. camara
was subjected to fractional guided bioassay and it was partitioned by using various organic
solvents in increasing order of polarity. The bioactivity of the isolated fractions was tested against
C. gloeosporioides along with synthetic fungicide (Metalaxyl + Mancozeb 72%). The 0.5%
concentration of n-hexane fraction of methanolic fruit extract showed highest reduction in fungal
colony i.e. 45%. This n-hexane fraction found effective in fractional guided bioassay was selected
to isolate various compounds by GC-MS analysis. The major compound namely cyclopropane
carboxylic acid, 5-heptonic acid, 2,2-dimethyl1-4-pentenoate and 2-Propyloctahydro-1-
benzothiophene were identified. These compounds might be responsible of significant antifungal
potential of L. camara against anthracnose disease.
Keywords: Lantana camara, C. gloeosporioides, n-hexane, GC-MS
ICESD-13
Antibiotic Misuse, Resistance and Its Environmental Impacts Among General Public of
Lahore.
Samra Mahboob1, Iqra Tariq1, Muhammad Farhan1, *, Maqsood Ahmad2 1Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
2Department of Environmental Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
[email protected], +92 321 4122078
In developing countries, antibiotics are easily available and dispensed commonly in community
pharmacies without prescriptions. The inappropriate usage of antibiotics is resulting in the
emergence of antibiotic resistance. This is a rising problem globally, and presents a major threat
to the public health in 21 century. Misconception and self-medication among public has been
identified as a major reason for antibiotics overuse, misuse and resistance, as recognized by World
Health Organization (WHO). This study was designed to investigate the public knowledge,
attitudes and practices about the use of antibiotics in general public of Lahore. Survey used self-
administered questionnaire among the randomly selected 350 respondents. Only 313 respondents
completed the questionnaires as the response rate was 89.4% in our study. All the data was
analyzed by using statistical tool IBM SPSS version 23. Descriptive and correlation analyses were
done to evaluate the results. The majority of the respondents were females (75.4%), the
respondents who were graduates were 72.2%. We selected the respondents, who surely used
antibiotics within past 12 months, and respondents who strongly agreed were 37.1% and those
who just agreed were 197. The respondents who saved the leftovers for future use were 47.0%.
The respondents who agreed that they discontinue therapy when the symptoms subside were
49.8%. 61.7% reported said that side effects appear and 24% believe that antibiotics are effective
for cold/ flu.The results of our study show a very alarming situation as this practice will possibly
continue to happen in our society. The evidences showed that inappropriate use of antibiotics
without doctors’ prescription is resulting in skipping the doses, discontinue therapy (when
symptoms subside), overuse as well as reuse of the leftover antibiotics. Significant results showed
that the general community plays a vital role in spreading antibiotic resistance due to poor
knowledge among them. There is a critical need for awareness programs regarding the antibiotic
use and misuse in community. These results will help in the assessment of the appropriateness of
public educational campaigns. Moreover, it will provide advance vision in planning future
interventions to educate public about the rationalize use of antibiotics to prevent the increase of
antibiotic resistance. Implementing antibiotic guidelines at national level pointing the over the
counter sale to reduce the self-medication practices and high rates of antibiotic consumption.
Key works: antibiotic misuse, antibiotic resistance,
ICESD-14
Molecular Phylogenetic Anaylsis of Genus Calvatia From Pakistan
Nousheen Yousaf1, Abdul Nasir Khalid2& Abdul Rehman Niazi3
1*Department of Botany, Government College University Lahore, Pakistan 2Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
*Correspondence to:[email protected]
Tel. No.: +923348732050
Genus Calvatia has been established by Fries (1849) by describing C. cyathiformisas a type
species. It is characterized by medium to large sized basidioma with a reduced or well-defined
sterile base. Dehiscence occurs by irregular rupturing of peridium, and not through a definite
pore.Species of this genus are distributed world-wide, reported from Asia, Africa, Australia,
Europe, North America and South America.Total number of the Calvatia species reported to be
forty (40) so far. Many species of this genus are of wide importance with reference to its edibility
and its biotechnological potential. Genus Calvatia in Pakistan is represented by five species, i.e.,
C. ahmadiana, C. ahmadii. C. craniiformis, C. cyathiformis, and C. excipuliformis var.
excipuliformis. In this investigation, four Calvatia species have been collected from different
regions ofthe country and described here on morphological, molecular and phylogenetic basis.
These are C. cyathiformis var. fragilis nom. prov., C. deosaiensis nom. prov., C. lilacina, and C.
pseudocyathiformis nom. prov.Among these, two taxa are presented here as new species. One
taxon is proposedas a new variety of C. cyathiformis. One taxon, C. lilacina is a new record for
Pakistan.
Keywords: ITS-nrDNA, Calvatia, Phylogeny, Taxonomy
ICESD-15
Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Based Identification of Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae) from
Western Himalayan Region of Pakistan
Sadia Malik1 and Muhammad Qasim Hayat
Medicinal Plants Research Group, Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School
of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12
Islamabad, Pakistan
[email protected] / [email protected]
Tel: 03225395348
Artemisia annua, well known for being natural source of artemisnin is identified by using nuclear
ribosomal (nr) DNA sequences from western Himalayan region of Pakistan. nrDNA regions which
were targeted include partial sequences of IT1, IT2 and ETS. The ~1 kb ITS and ~0.5kb ETS
fragments of target region of genome was amplified using Asteraceae specific primers (AB101,
AB102, AST-1, 18S-ETS). The initial BLAST confirmed the identification of A. annua by
comparing the sequences of this species with already present sequence records in NCBI GenBank
database. Furthermore, in phylogenetic analysis a well-supported clade shows the relationship of
A. annua of western Himalayan origin with A. annua from other regions of the world and fall in
correct taxonomic subgenus of Artemisia. Thus, the molecular data might be successfully use to
identify, confirm and revising the existence of particular Flora in the region.
Keywords: Molecular identification, Artemisia annua, Himalayan region, medicinal plants
ICESD-16
A Taxonomic Study of Some Puffballs and Earthstars from Dhirkot, District Bagh, Azad
Kashmir, Pakistan
1*Maham Fatima, 2*Nousheen Yousaf, 3 Muhammad Hanif & 4Abdul Nasir Khalid 1,2 & 3Department of Botany, Government College University Lahore, Pakistan
4Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]
Tel. No.: +923348732050
Puffballs and earthstars represent interesting and least studied groups of Gasteroid fungi in
Pakistan. Members of these groups are of wide economic importance. Most of these taxa are edible
and ectomycorrhizal. Some of the members have antimicrobial activity against some human
pathogenic bacteria and fungi. They are also known for their use in medicines and as a source of
bioactive compounds. In this study, fourteen species of these gasteroid fungi have been collected
from Dhirkot, District Bagh, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. These species included different species
belonging to genena Astraeus, Bovista, Geastrum and Lycoperdon. This represents ten species
belonging to genus Bovista, three species to genus Geastrum, one species each to genera Astraeus
and Lycoperdon, respectively. Specimens have been identified using morphological and molecular
tools based on ITS-nrDNA region. This is the first attempt to document the mycobiota of Dhirkot,
District Bagh, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.
Keywords: Biodiversity, ITS-nrDNA, Phylogeny, Taxonomy
ICESD-17
Nematodes use As Indicator For Heavy Metal Contamination In Rhizosphere Soil
Along Roadside in Bhakkar, Pakistan
Dr.Musarrat1 and Safdar Hayat2 1Department of Life Sciences The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 2 Department of Biological Sciences University of Sargodha sub campus Bhakkar
[email protected] 0332-3728140
The basic biological, physical and chemical properties of the soil determine the capability and
potential of soil for plant growth. The aim of the study was to identify the influence of heavy
metals discharged by automobiles and vehicles on the community of plant parasitic and free living
nematodes from rhizosphere of predominant plants along roadsides of study area. In the present
study, the contamination of soil was higher with lead and cadmium due to transportation load. The
mean values of heavy metals were found higher in all sampling sites. Furthermore, soil analysis
showed that pH was decreased, electrical conductivity and Ca+2 were increased and ultimately a
decrease in organic matter was observed at all contaminated sites. In the present study the highest
mean of Pb2+ concentration was measured in leaves of Acacia nilotica 4.525 mg/kg, and Cd2+
concentration1.803 mg/kg in Eucalyptus sp. For isolation and community analysis of nematodes,
samples were collected from rhizosphere of dominant plant species in the study area. Results
indicated that during different phases of surveys, twenty five nematode genera were found
associated with predominant plants of Mianwali-Multan road while 31 from Jhang road. These
nematodes were placed into five different groups (Yeates et al., 1993) viz., herbivores, fungivores,
bacteriovores, omnivores and predators. Research must take the objective of sustainability into
consideration. Legislation sensible to environmental control should depend on a thorough
knowledge of the existing situation and careful assessment of its likely impact on the development.
Keywords: Biomonitor; automobiles and vehicles; Bioaccumulation, nematode fauna; Pakistan
ICESD-18
Microbe Mediated Biosurfactant Production Using Cheaper Carbon Source
Bazgha Mustafa, Hira Hashim and Aisha WaheedQurashi
Department of Biology, Lahore Garrison University DHA phase-6, Avenue 4, Sector C Lahore
Pakistan
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
The present study aimed to check the biosurfactant production from bacterial source using cheaper
agro industrial waste like orange peels and molasses as a carbon source. Two bacterial isolates
BMG1 and BMG2 were checked for biosurfactant production after preliminary screening. Initially
culture characteristics were checked and it was found that both the isolated strains BMG1 and
BMG2 showed Gram’s positive rods. The colony morphology of both isolates showed that the
isolates BMGI is round, mucoidy with flat surface and off white in color while the isolate BMG2
showed round, dry, flat surface and pale-yellow colonies. Biochemical tests were performed to
identify the specie of the strains. Result from this study showed that the order of suitable methods
to screen biosurfactant production.Oil spreading technique, blood hemolysis test, foaming activity
and emulsification assay, foaming activity and drop collapse assaywere performed for the
screening of biosurfactant producing bacteria and found positive in oil spreading technique in both
bacterial strains BMG1 and B MG2. The strain BMGI has high emulsifying activity and it was
55.2 % whereas in BMG2 it was 42.10%. Both strains were indicating the negative hemolysis test
because no zone formation observed. And the foaming stability in BMG2 is higher than BMG1.
Present study showed the significance of microbes isolated from oil spills and their ability to
produce biosurfactants.
ICESD-19
Climate Change Impact on Forest Cover Change: Implication for Carbon-Stock
Assessment and Sustainable Development in HKH Region-Pakistan
Sohail Abbasa , Safdar Ali Shirazib, Muhammad Junaid Mahmoodc
a Lecturer Centre for Integrated Mountain Research (CIMR), University of the Punjab, Lahore,
Pakistan b1* Department of Geography, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
b2* Centre for Integrated Mountain Research (CIMR), University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000,
Pakistan c Lecturer Centre for Integrated Mountain Research (CIMR), University of the Punjab, Lahore,
Pakistan
[email protected], Mob# 0302-4888086
The most intriguing aspect in global environment now a day is the climate change. However, it is
believed to be caused by the both natural and anthropogenic drivers such as land use changes,
deforestation, green revolution, industrialization and consequent globalization. This study focused
on Swat valley- the Switzerland of Pakistan in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). Geographically
the Swat valley situated in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan (HKH) region which covers about
4.3 million km2 areas. The current research relied on 20 years dataset (1995-2015) which has been
collected from Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD), Water and Power Development
Authority (WAPDA), the World Bank index, Forest Department KPK and Landsat digital data
obtained from the EarthExplorer USGS. In order to find out the spatio-temporal changes in forest
cover, image classification was used while SPSS and Arc GIS were used to find out change in land
use classes and the temporal climatic variations. The results indicate that the forest cover decreased
by 16.3% in first five years and 5.5 % in last five years. The total forest covered area in 1981 was
1316 Sq.km which reduced to 1067 Sq.km and 714 Sq.km in years 1998 and 2015 respectively.
Similarly, Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in 1981 was 0.336 metric ton per capita followed by
0.9286 metric ton per capita in 2015. Moreover, due to climate change and human induced
activities, forest cover is decreasing with the passage of time with increase in Carbon dioxide
emission whereas, soil erosion and desertification has also shown increasing trends. The negative
impacts of the forest cover changes have been observed through increase in the Carbon dioxide
emission. The logical evidence and geo-environmental database are the basic components to
control forthcoming challenges of local and regional climate changes and the sustainable forest
development.
Key words: Climate change, Carbon dioxide emission, HKH region, Sustainable forest
development, Green revolution
ICESD-20
Evaluation of Soil Salinity and its Impacts on Agriculture: Nexus of RBOD-III, Pakistan
Dr.Noor HussainChandio
Department of Geography, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur
+923003142263
Agriculture is a primary economic activity of man since long period; agriculture is a huge platform
to provide the jobs in this sector. As agriculture simply financial records for 4.2 % of direct service
in developed nations, at present employs over 52 % of the labor force in the Africa, and 59 % in
Oceania. In this sector employs over 1.3 billion people all over the world or near to 40 % of the
global labor force. Over the fifty countries, agriculture employs half of the total population and
even 75 % in the pitiable nations.Soil is a backbone of economy of an agricultural country, which
increases not only the GDP but also provides the childhood and source of income in rural areas.
Agriculture of any region depends upon the Soil fertility, it is natural resource which provides the
food and helps to maintain eco-system and supports to control on climate change. Soil salinity is
a disease or cancer of soil, by this disease annual production of different crops and fruits are
reducing day by day. District Kamber-Shahdadkot is also facing this disease due to the
construction and mismanagement of Right Bank Outfall Drain-III (R.B.O.D-III). A six kilometers
long belt of Kamber-Shahdadkot along the both sides of RBOD-III is webbed by the soil salinity.
Where, farmers are seeking for a grain of rice and wheat. For the recuperation of soils fertility, a
scientific experience was done in laboratory on the three parameters pH, Electric Conductivity
(E.C) and Total Dissolved salts (TDS).
Keywords: Evaluation, Soil salinity, Agriculture, RBOD-III, Pakistan
ICESD-21
Cause and Damage Analysis Of 2010 Flood Disaster In District Muzaffargarh, Central
Indus Basin
Shakeel Mahmood¹, Atta-ur Rahman², Asif Sajjad¹
¹ Department of Geography, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
² Department of Geography, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
In this paper we analyzed 2010 flood generating factors and damages in one of the severely
affected areas in the Central Indus Basin. The study is based on both primary and secondary data
sources. Primary data were collected through a standard questionnaire using random sampling
techniques, unstructured interviews and field observations. Secondary data was collected from
concerned government departments. Descriptive statistical analysis and spatial analysis techniques
were applied on data. The analysis revealed that the flood was generated by 4-day wet spell (27-
30th July, 2010) in the headwaters region of Himalaya-Hindu Kush region, Pakistan. This rainstorm
generated heavy discharge in the Indus River. In several cases, the river discharge exceeded the
carrying capacity of dams and barrages, and as a consequence few structures partially damaged.
In the study area, this disastrous flow has left no choice for the dealing authorities but to breach
the left bank marginal embankment at RD 32-38 near Kot Addu. The overtopping of flood on
breached section has disrupted the entire area and incurred heavy losses to standing crops,
livestock and physical infrastructure. As consequence this put a heavy burden on local community
and the country's economy. Analysis further revealed that total estimated economic loss caused by
this imposed inundation was about 2.54millionUS$. Infrastructure was the leading sector with
maximum estimated economic loss of l.65millionUS$ followed by agricultural sector. This study
will bring the attention of disaster management authorities to devise flood risk reduction plan with
the identification of suitable breaching locations in emergency situation to reduce future flood risk,
physical damages and economic losses.
ICESD-22
Spatio-temporal Fluctuations In Rainfall For Assessment Of Drought And Wet Spells In
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 1971-2015
Ghani Rahman1, Atta-ur Rahman2 1Department of Geography, University of Gujrat
2Department of Geography, University of Peshawar
Corresponding Author’s Email: [email protected] Tel. 0333-9432397
This study analyses the spatio-temporal fluctuations in rainfall for the assessment of drought and
wet spells in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan using SPEI and Spearman’s Rho (SR) approaches.
The study of rainfall variability is a significant indicator for sustainable utilization of water
resources in a country having agro-based economy like Pakistan. In order to achieve the study
objectives, temperature, monthly and annual rainfall data of all the 15 met-stations from 1971-
2015 were obtained from Pakistan Meteorological Department. SPEI has been used for assessing
dry and wet events in the study area, while SR is applied to calculate the type of trend in these
events. The results of 1-month and 12-month SPEI for all the met-stations revealed that three
distinct dry spells i.e. 1971-1974, 1984-1989 and 1998-2004 were recorded in almost all
meteorological stations, whereas wet spells were found following the dry spell in these met-
stations. The SR results showed that there is a significant increasing rainfall trend at Parachinar
met-station and significant decreasing rainfall trend in Balakot.
Keywords: Rainfall variability, Drought, SPEI, Spearman’s Rho
ICESD-23
Biosynthesis, Characterization And Applications Of Silver Nanoparticles Using Potatopeels
Zuberia Tasleem, Zill-i-HumaNazli* and Maryam Aslam*
Department of Chemistry
Government College Women University Faisalabad
drzillihuma@gmailcom; [email protected]
Present study has led to the synthesis of nanoparticles from silver nitrate (AgNO31mM) solution
using peels of potato (agrowaste)in varioussolvent systems (water, acetonitrile, acetone, methanol
and ethanol) alone and in mixture form. The synthesized nanoparticles were found to act as both
capping and reducing agents. The results of UV-Vis spectroscopy showed different absorption
maxima for different solvents i.e. 1.929 at 350 nm for acetone, 1.623 at 350 nm for acetonitrile,
1.938 at 360 nm for ethanol, 1.890 at 380 nm for methanol, 1.890 at 380 nm for water and 1.969
at 360 nm for mixture. Characterization techniques included XRD (9.49 nm), FT-IR spectrum
(3698 cm-1, 3009.7 cm-1, 2345.8 cm-1, 1883 cm-1, 1572 cm-1, 1091.5 cm-1 and 841.37 cm-1 of
different functional groups) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to show spherical
morphology of silver nanoparticles. After characterization, a few applications of synthesized nano
particles included determination of antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity (against
Staphylococcus aureusas gram positive bacteria and Escherichia coli as gram negative bacteria)
and biosorption potential. The results promote the efficacy of synthesized nanoparticles of potato
peels towards health and agriculture.
Key Words: Agrowaste, Onion Peels, Characterization, FTIR, Silver Nanoparticle, Scanning
Electron Microscope
ICESD-24
Influence of Wood Derived BC and Cow Manure BC on Production Characteristics and
Water Use Efficiency Of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumm.) Plants
Saira Batool1, Dr. Shamim Gul2, Prof. Dr. Rukhsana Jabeen1, Sadaf Aslam Ghori1, Saniya
Tahir1 & Meenah Sohail1 1Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University Quetta, Pakistan
2University of Balochistan, Pakistan
The organic wastes and artificial fertilizers have been using in agricultural fields for improvement
of soil quality and enhancement of plant production capacity. With the time, pyrolyzed organic
waste the biochar BC was also taken under consideration in agrarian practices that not only
improves the soil quality but increases the agricultural production by increasing soil available
nutrients, pH, and microbial activities etc. This study is based on investigation of influence of two
different types of biochar(cow manure BC and wood derived BC) on Water Use Efficiency WUE
and production characteristics including above ground biomass, plant length and root biomass of
tomatoes (LycopersiconesculentumM.) grown in pot soils. Ten treatments formulated, a control
without BC and others half irrigated with tape water and half with sewage water. The results of
the study showed the positive response of tomato plants towards biochar, with increased root
biomass by 543% to 623% grown in wood biochar with 7% application rate, biomass weights
augmented with 85% and 77% comparing control treatment withoutbiochar and plants heights by
68% to 82% with wood and cow biochar of 7% application rates irrigated under tape and sewage
water. The similar results obtained for WUE upgraded by adding biochar in pot soil as compared
to control treatments.
Key words: Pyrolyzed, Wood BC, Cow manure BC, Biomass, Organic matter,
ICESD-25
Association of Alpha-tocopherol’s Seed Treatment with Osmotic Adjustment in Sunflower
under Salt Stress
Irfana Lalarukh1* and Muhammad Shahbaz2
1Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Government College Women University,
Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan 2Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040,
Pakistan * [email protected] Tel: 03026096095
Salt stress induced ion toxicity and nutritional disparity drastically affects glycophytes enactment.
Prolonged exposure of plants to highsalts concentration leads to harmful radicles production
affecting structure and normal functioning of organic molecules. Previous studies have reported
that salt tolerant plant species show osmotic adjustment and maintain their turgor by accumulating
osmolytes. Alpha-tocopherol mainly detoxifies harmful radicles in plants. The aim of this study
was to search the association of alpha-tocopherol’s seed treatment with osmotic adjustment in
sunflower under salt stress. Seeds of sunflower, cv. FH-572 and cv. FH-621 were sown after
soaking for 16 hours in four alpha-tocopherol’s levels [0 (dist. H2O), 100, 200 and 300] mg L-1.
Salt stress (two levels i.e., 0 mM and 120 mM) was applied 35 days after seed sowing till final
harvest of the crop. Plants were sampled 61 days after seed sowing.Results showed that salt stress
caused substantial decrease in shoot Ca2+, root K+and K+/Na+ ratio in roots whereas it increased
root Ca2+,shoot (Na+, K+/Na+ratio and K+), free proline, soluble sugars and total free amino acids.
Plants grown from seeds treated with alpha-tocopherol caused significant reduction in shoot Na+
and increase in glycine betaine, total soluble sugars and free amino acids but had non-significant
effect on potassium and calcium ions concentration. Sunflower cultivar FH-621 showed increased
salt tolerance by accumulating organic osmotica and maintaining high shoot K+/Na+ ratio. Alpha-
tocopherol level, 200 mg L-1effectivelyreduced shoot Na+ and improved osmotic adjustment in
cultivar FH-621 compared to untreated plants.
Keywords: Organic osmotica; Alpha-tocopherol; Ion homeostasis; Salt stress; Sunflower
ICESD-26
Extraction and Characterization Of Humic Acidusing Coal And Its Evaluation As
Organomineral Fertilizer
UzmaJavaid1, Kiran Aftab1* and RikzaZahid 1Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Pakistan
Humic substances are promising candidate to use asorganic fertilizersand soil conditioner. To
explore the non-energy utilization of enriched coal resources of Pakistan, Khushab coal samples
were investigated for the extraction of humic acid and fulvic acid using shake flask and sonicator
methods. Among different physico-chemical optimizing variables such as concentration of KOH
(0.1-1)M, time (30- 90) minutes for shake flask method and (5-30) minutes for sonicator method),
temperature (20-60 oC) and pulp density (1:10- 1:30) g/mL temperature was observed the most
significant factor (ρ=95%) affecting the extraction of both FA and HA using Response Surface
methodology (RSM). Maximum percentage yield of humic acid 38% and 35% were obtained with
shake flask method and sonicator method after 90 and 15 minutes time interval respectively using
Khushab coal sample. E4/E6 ratio was calculated to determine the degree of humification of
obtained humic acid samples by UV-Visible spectroscopy, having maximum values of 2.26 (shake
flask method)and 2.78 (sonicator method). The elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy, suggest
the extracted humic acids contained high aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, hydroxyl,
carboxylic acid groups and low amino group content.In the second step the prepared humic acid
was subjected to complexations and decomplexation using zinc nitrate. Thedecomplexation
titration curves of humic matter saturated with zinc ions demonstrated that novel organomineral
fertilizing materials may develop based on optimized metal ions and humate contents, which can
retain metals in a soluble form within a wide pH range.
Keywords:Low gradecoal, ultrasonic radiation, soil conditioner, FTIR, Zn complexation
ICESD-27
Studying the Effect Of Climate Change On Crop Production And Water Resources
Through Remote Sensing
Muhammad Sami Ul Din1, Ashfaq Ahmad2,Aftab Wajid3, Tasneem Khaliq3,Wajid
Nasim1,Muhammad Mubeen1*, Abdul Rauf1, Hafiz Umar Farid4, Rameez Ahsan4, Waseem
Akram5, Khizer Amanet1, Mazhar Saleem1, Rida Akram1, Asad Amin1, Muhammad Amjad1, Syed
Ahsan Zahoor1 1Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari-
61100 2Program Chair, Climate Change, US.-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and
Food Security, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, 3Agro-Climatology Lab, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad,
Pakistan, 4Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
5Primary and Secondary Health Care Department, Punjab, Lahore
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
With advances in remote sensing, reflectance data are increasingly being used in
agriculture.Remote sensing is one of the best fields which provides data for long term consistent
and reliable observation of earth surface. Data of different remote sensing satellites is now easily
achievable with low cost than field measurements and can be processed using expertise to extract
important information. MODIS is one of the leading satellites as it is providing the data on daily
basis. MODIS is facilitating remote sensing data from decades for different land cover analysis.
This study is designed to optimize profitability of agricultural crop production through the use of
remote sensing data by determining plant water demand. It can well be characterized by the
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The NDVI is computed using near-infrared and
red reflectance’s and thus has both an accuracy and precision. Time-series terrestrial parameters
derived from NDVI have been extensively applied to global climate change studies, since it
analyzes each pixel individually without the setting of thresholds to detect change within a time
series.The interactions between climate change and freshwater resources is dynamic. But now
water resources are decreased due to increase in temperature.This studyprovides complete profile
for better water resource management and planning for future.
Keywords: Climate, MODIS, NDVI, remote sensing, water resources
ICESD-28
Silicon Soil Application At Different Growth Stages Enhances The Productivity Of
Rice (oryza sativa l.) Under Cd toxicity
Arslan Rauf1*, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Irfan Sohail1, Hinnan Khaild1,2,
Muhammad Usman1 and Tehmina Faiz1
1Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040,
Pakistan 2Punjab Agriculture Extension Department, Shahkot, Pakistan
[email protected] Tel. 0334-6965207
Cadmium (Cd) toxicity in agricultural soils is the most talkative topic due to its hazardous effects
on crops. However, silicon application is well known to mitigate the harmful effects of Cd toxicity.
Thus, a pot experiment was executed at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (31.431243,
73.069460) in 35 ppm Cd contaminated soil to confirm the best responding growth stage of rice
as a result of split application of Si using potassium silicate. The designed treatment were T1:
Contaminated Control, T2: Si @ 2.4 g pot-1 (S1), T3: Si @ 1.2 g pot-1 (S1 + S2), T4: Si @ 1.2 g
pot-1 (S1 + S3), T5: Si @ 1.2 g pot-1 (S1 + S4), T6: Si @ 0.8 g pot-1 (S1 + S2 + S3), T7: Si @ 0.8
g pot-1 (S1 + S3 + S4), T8: Si @ 0.8 g pot-1 (S1 + S2 + S4), T9: Si @ 0.6 g pot-1 (S1 + S2 + S3 +
S4) where S1, S2, S3, S4 represents application at transplanting, tillering, panicle initiation and
booting stages respectively. The statistical treatment of data explained that maximum increase
(76% and 75%) in shoot length and root length were result of T6 treatment as compared to control
treatment where shoot and root length were measured as 95 and 13.6 cm respectively. It is
concluded from data split application at panicle stage is more beneficial.
Keywords: Cadmium, Silicon, Rice growth response, Split application
ICESD-29
Hydrological Response Simulations Of Snow And Glacier Melt Dominated Swat River
Basin For Estimating Flood Peak Discharge Using Satellite Data
Gul Muhammad1, Dr. Azmat Hayat Khan1
Pakistan Meteorological Department
In this research hydrological response efficiency of Integrated Flood Analysis System (IFAS)
snow model has been studied for Swat River Basin defined by location of steam gauge at Chakdara
Bridge. The river originates from the foothills of Hindu Kush mountain range. Havoc caused by
frequent flooding and flash flooding because of narrow flood plain and concentrated residential
and commercial activities into flood plain is a major issue of this basin. Structural countermeasures
are very poor; therefore, this research has been carried out to strengthen the non-structural
measures of flood early warning system. In the past, no hydrological model in which snow and
glacier melt have been addressed, used for simulation of hydrological response for flood
forecasting. Therefore, the applicability of IFAS snow model, based on the degree day approach
and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow data for flood forecasting
was evaluated and improved. The simulated snowmelt runoff was reliable for 2005; however
during the validation of 2007 & 2013 data, the model results at early stage were unsatisfactory.
The model was re-validated after fixing the bug of IFAS import function of minimum temperature
which improved hydrological response of the model and produced the promising results. Based
on the snow cover and the average temperature of the grid, the rainfall has been separated from
precipitation as snow is recorded as rain. The lack of the sufficient number of rain gauge stations
is a major factor of disruption of hydrological study of the basin. In order to address this issue,
corrected Global Satellite Mapping for Precipitation (GSMaP) satellite rainfall has been used for
rainfall runoff as original GSMaP data is often either well underestimated or over estimated.
Consequently the model yielded simulated discharges best fit to observed hydrographs with Nash-
Sutcliffe Coefficients 0.71, 0.42 & 0.63 respectively for 2005, 2007 & 2013 and having Correlation
Coefficient 0.84, 0.68 & 0.91 respectively. After tuning the model, IFAS snow model is suitably
applicable for flood forecasting in snow and glacier melt dominated Swat River basin. Daily
MODIS snow data was used for estimation of snowmelt runoff, which was found reliable in spite
of limitations in observing lake ice & snow and the surface when cloud cover is present. The runoff
caused by both summer monsoon heavy rainfall and snowmelt can contribute to flood peak
discharges whereas contribution of glacier melt’s runoff is negligible. Lastly, the corrected GSMaP
satellite rainfall data by JAXA’s correction method gave reliable results to the basin condition.
Keywords: IFAS, Degree Day Approach, Bifurcation of Precipitation, GSMaP, Satellite Rainfall
ICESD-30
Domestic Three Stage Treatment Option For Water Stressed Communities
Mehwish Haq Nawaz* and Dr. M. Anwar Baig**
* IESE, NUST Islamabad
Corresponding Author’s Email: [email protected] Tel. 0323552358
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) practice can be traced back millennia, the degree of its modern
implementation varies greatly across the world. And is the best option in water stressed
communities. Harvested rainwater quality monitoring study was undertaken at 3 lakes constructed
in NUST Islamabad, Pakistan for a period of 10 months over two seasons i.e. wet and dry periods.
Overall, harvested rainwater was of good quality, falling within the recreational water quality as
per WHO standards with the exceptions for pH, color, turbidity, total coliforms and total bacterial
count. A large number of samples tested positive for total bacterial count and total coliforms,
showing that disinfection of harvested rainwater is mandatory prior to use and its direct
consumption without treatment may pose a health risk. For its treatment, an indigenously designed
(SwissPak) water filter employing physico – chemical methods was tested for making harvested
rain water fit for potable use. This filter contains silica sand for pre – filtration, granulated chlorine
for disinfection and charcoal for removal of taste, odor and dissolved organics while alum was
used as coagulant initially. This filter successfully improved the harvested rain water quality and
showed high potential as an alternative for water treatment.
Key Words: Rain water harvesting, water quality, physico-chemical water treatment
ICESD-31
Improvement of Saline-Sodic Soil’s Health Employing Pure And Doped Nanoparticles
Doped Biochars – A Pot Scale Experiment
M. N. Anwar1, A. Fayyaz1, N. F. Sohail1, W.U.D Khan1, M. Baqar1
1Sustainable Development Study Center (SDSC), Government College University, Lahore,
Pakistan
Globally, 20% of cultivated land is saline-sodic and can disturb plant’s metabolic and
physiological functions by affecting its growth, development, yield and quality. Accumulation of
inorganic salts in arid and semi-arid regions occur because of many reasons i.e. reduced amount
of leaching water, higher evapotranspiration rate and bad quality of irrigation water. Several
technologies, such as, magnetic water flushing and use of nanoparticles have been employed to
cope up these problems. The major aspects of environmental nanotechnology related to plant
growth in saline-sodic soils are: waste water treatment, carbon sequestration and reduced ion
toxicity (Na+ or Cl-).In the same manner, introduction of nano doped biochar and pure nano-
particles played a considerable role in improving soil’s health. Titania doped biochar was made by
using titanium isopropoxide while iron doped biochar was made using iron sulphate and iron
chloride salts. Pure nanoparticles were produced by sol gel method. Several analyses were carried
out to ensure the synthesis of nanoparticles of desired characteristics. Composite of the biochar
and pure nanoparticles were added for the growth of peas (Pisumsativum L.). Better results were
observed in the soil bearing pure nano particles compared to one containing nano-dopped biochar.
Minimum growth was observed in the control pots.
Key Words: Environmental Nanotechnology, Saline Sodic Soil, Biochar, Nanoparticles,
ICESD-32
Monitoring and Mapping of Soil Macronutrients Using LANDSAT 8 Imagery.
Aisha Abdul Waris*, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Muhammad Ashar Ayub and Fahad Sardar.
*Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad.
Email:[email protected]
Precision agriculture has made determination of soil properties very easy, accurate and less time
consuming as it involves small scale and site-specific management strategies. Remote sensing
technology is one of the most important part of it. Remote sensing has contributed a lot to
agriculture and is frequently used to provide a timely and accurate estimation of the status of
agricultural soils. In the proposed study we track the spatial variability of primary macronutrient
including: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) which play important role in foliar
growth, root development, cell division, flowering, and seed and fruit formation. Keeping in view
the accuracy and efficiency of remote sensing technology a survey study was conducted by
collecting surface soils and plant samples, along with their GPS co-ordinates, from Lyallpur Town
of Faisalabad. Collected soil and plant samples were analyzed for N, P and K using appropriate
analytical methods. Satellite images of LANDSAT 8 were downloaded from earth explorer.
Processing of images was done using ERDAS imagine (https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/) software
and spatial classes of Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium were developed using ERDAS
Imagine V.14. The results showed that Chak No. 1 JB had the maximum concentration of nitrogen
in both plant and soil while Chak No. 34 JB and Chak No. 105 RB were found to have minimum
nitrogen contents. In case of phosphorous highest concentration was in Chak No. 201 RB while
lowest in Chak No. 116 JB. However, in case of soil and plant potassium contents, maximum
concentration was in the Chak No. 54 JB, Chak No. 49 JB, Chak No. 116 JB and lowest was in
Chak No. 18 JB.
Key Points: Precision agriculture (Remote sensing), Primary macro-nutrients, ERDAS Imagine
Software, LANDSAT 8.
ICESD-33
Impact of Globalization on Green Growth: A Case of OECD Countries
Mahwish Zafar, Shazia Kousar
Superior university Lahore
Green growth is considered as healthy sign for any country In the world, but with growing
pollution and other health issues now it is considered as burning issue, either to save our natural
resources or the cost should be paid in case of over or unrealistic consumption of resources. This
study has been carried with real intension to investigate the role of FDI, R &D and trade openness
on green economic growth of OECD countries. Developed economies are open for foreign direct
investment, more liberal trade policies and ready to adopt technological innovations, all that causes
to bring rapid environmental changes in these nations and continuously increasing level of heat in
the atmosphere of these economies. No doubt these countries are attaining high speed of growth
at high level of CO2 in the atmosphere. Therefore, this study is conducted to identify the factors
that can affect green economic growth. Data is extracted from world development indicator from
1991-2015 where results depict that FDI and trade openness has significant and positive
relationship with the emission of CO2 in air and has certain association with green economic
growth in short run as well as in the long run. Whereas research and development cost has
significant but negative relation with green growth of the OECD countries. Policy makers should
work on research and development if they are more focused on green growth of the countries.
Key Words: Foreign direct investment, Research & Development, Trade Openness, Green
growth, OECD countries
ICESD-34
Comparative Effectiveness Of Biochar And Compost Application For Cd
Immobilization Along With Wheat Cultivation On Cd Contaminated Soil
Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman1*, Hinnan Khaild1,2, Muhammad Rizwan3,
Shafaqat Ali3 and Muhammad Zeeshan1
1Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, 2Punjab Agriculture Extension Department, Shahkot, Pakistan
3Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University,
Faisalabad, Pakistan
[email protected] Tel. 0334-6965207
Due to unavoidable water scarcity, use of raw city effluents has been identified as a convenient
approach to lessen the gap between water demand and agricultural supply. Usually, these raw city
effluents never go through any treatment plant and as a result of this, heavy metal toxicity comes
forward in agricultural fields. Among various toxic heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) is grabbing
higher attention in recent years due to its hazardous effects on plants, humans and ecosystem. A
field experiment was executed to investigate impacts of various organic amendments (biochar and
compost) on Cd immobilization index. Designed treatments in four replicates were as follows viz.
control (T1), cotton stick biochar (T2), wheat straw biochar (T3) and compost (T4). Results depicted
that highest Cd immobilization index (16.04 % and 14.25 %) was recorded in treatment T3 at both
depths (0-6 and 6-12 inch). Whereas, lowest immobilization index was measured in treatment T4
at 0-6 and 6-12 inch depths. The decreasing order of Cd immobilization index in soil was remained
as T3 > T2 > T4. Thus, it can be concluded that although application of all organic amendments
increased the Cd immobilization index, however wheat straw biochar is the most efficient one
among all others.
Keywords: Raw city effluents; Heavy metals; Immobilization Index
ICESD-35
Flash Flood Susceptibility Modelling using Geo-morphometric Approach in Ushairy Basin,
Eastern Hindu Kush
Shakeel Mahmood¹, Atta-ur Rahman²
¹Department of Geography, Government College University Lahore, Pakistan
²Department of Geography, University of Peshawar-Peshawar, Pakistan
This study focuses on flash flood susceptibility modelling using geo-morphometric ranking
approach in Ushairy Basin. In the study area, flash floods are highly unpredictable and worst
hydro-meteorological disaster. Advance Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection
Radiometer (ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) was used as an input data in
Geographic Information System (GIS) environment to delineate the target basin. A total of
seventeen sub-basins were delimited using threshold of 4km². Attribute information of each sub-
basins were analyzed to compute geo-morphometric parameters by applying Hortonian and
Strahler Geomorphological models. The results were analyzed and categorized into five classes
using statistical techniques and the rank score was assigned to each class of all parameters
depending on its relation to flash flood risk. In this study, sixteen parameters were analyzed to
quantify geo-morphometric number of each sub-basin depicting the degree of flash flood
susceptibility. The geo-morphometric number of each sub-basin was linked to the geo-database
for spatial-visualization. Analysis reveals that extremely high, very high, high and moderate sub-
basins susceptible to flash floods were spread over an area of 55%, 8.5%, 23.7%, and 11.5%,
respectively. It was found that out of total settlements, 53% are located in the extremely high and
very high susceptible sub-basins. In the study area, the upper reaches are characterized by snow
covered peaks, steep slope and high drainage density (>1.7 km/km²). Analysis further indicated
that flash flood susceptibility increases with increase in area, relief and relief ratio of the sub-
basins. Model accuracy was assessed using primary data regarding past flood damages and human
fatalities. Similarly, socio-demographic conditions of each sub-basin were also compared and
linked to the extent of flash flood susceptibility. This study may assist the District Government
and District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) of Dir Upper to initiate flood risk reduction
strategies in highly susceptible zones of the Ushairy Basin.
ICESD-36
Influence of Composted And Uncomposted Pressmud on Maize Growth In Soil
Muhammad Amir Amin1, Muhammad Imran Khan*1, Muhammad Sana Ullah1, Abdul Wakeel1,
Imran Ashraf2, Muhammad Azam3
1Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
2Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
3Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
* [email protected], Tel: +923357079665
Organic waste material from sugar industry is termed as pressmud. A huge amount of pressmud is
produced annually in Pakistan which becomes an environmental concern if not handled properly.
Interestingly, pressmud is a nutrient rich organic compound and can be used to improve
agricultural productivity. Moreover, by applying pressmud, the affected soils can be restored and
brought under use. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to investigate the positive
influence of pressmud on the growth of maize. For this purpose, a pot trial was conducted with
eleven different treatments using composted and uncomposted pressmud. Results showed that the
soil treated with composted pressmud had higher seed germination, shoot and root length, and
fresh and dry biomasses than the soil treated with chemical fertilizer or uncomposted pressmud
alone and/or chemical fertilizer in combination with uncomposted pressmud. Similarly, results of
most of the the physiological parameters such as chlorophyll contents showed the similar trend as
in case of aforementioned agronomic parameters. Our findings suggest that the composted
pressmud is better than uncomposted and composted pressmud can be used to improve the crop
growth and overall agricultural production in Pakistan.
Keywords: Pressmud; Compost; Waste management; Maize
ICESD-37
Climate Change Vulnerability of Pakistan and Possible Adaptation and Mitigation Options
through Research and Development
A. Fayyaz1, M.N. Anwar1, S. Fatima1, N. Farrukh1, M.Baqar1 1Sustainable development study center (SDSC), Government College University, Lahore,
Pakistan
Although Pakistan contributes very little in global carbon dioxide emissions but it receives a lion’s
share of adverse environmental impacts due to its topographical position - further exacerbated by
its ever growing population. Owing to increase in average temperature (3-5 ℃) frequency of
extreme events - heat waves, droughts, dust storms, and floods - has increased. Pakistan’s economy
is centralized on agriculture but increased temperature coupled with dry season results in increased
evaporation from rivers and thus severely affecting the crop yield. Melting of ice from glaciers
and ill-timed monsoon season results in voluminous and intensive floods followed by the
upcoming havocs in the form of droughts and waves of hunger. All these catastrophic events result
in demise and forced migration of many people by destroying their source of livelihood and
infrastructure.Poor socioeconomic conditions and negligible government performance further
deteriorates the situation.About 30 % of the energy comes from hydel power plants but increased
sediment influx reduces the storage capacity of dams and so is the power generation. Pakistan need
adaptive measures rather than mitigatory but limited resources, experts, lack of technological,
financial and institutional support constrains the adaptive capacity. Adaptive measures include the
development of drought, salt stress resistant crops, reforestation, water conservation strategies, and
flood control by building new dams, improving food security, better health care facilities, and use
of cleaner technologies. This study highlights the main problems of Pakistan and also suggests the
appropriate solutions.
Keywords: Climate Change, Carbon Dioxide Sequestration, Vulnerability of Pakistan, Global
Warming, Adaptation and Mitigation Options for Pakistan
ICESD-38
Effect of Salicylic Acid Amended Bagass on the Growth of Wheat in Saline Soil
Muhammad Aqeel Shoukat1, Muhammad Imran Khan*1, Safdar Bashir1, Zulfiqar
Ahmad Saqib1, Imran Khan2, Muhammad Azam3, Rashad Qadri3
1Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan 2Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
3Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
* [email protected] Tel: +923357079665
Salinity is a major abiotic stress in soil environment and drastically reduces the plant’s growth and
yield by changing osmotic pressure and nutrients behavior in soil. Salinity also decreases the
production of stress tolerant growth hormones such as salicylic acid (SA) endogenously and
increases production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). High production of H2O2 affects the physiology
of plant including membrane integrity and ions uptake processes. Thus, here, the main objective
of present study was to assess the effect of SA treated organic matter (OM) on the wheat growth
under saline condition. The bagass was used as OM and treated with SA at the rate of 50µM per
kg of soil. This bagass was mixed with artificial developed saline soil having EC 12 dSm-1. Various
parameters were observed related to behavior of plant under stress. The results showed that the
seed germination percentage was lower in saline soil than control non-saline soil. Likewise,
physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content was also higher in bagass & SA treated pot
than the saline control. Analyzed data of agronomic parameters reflected that the plant shoot and
root length, leaf area, fresh weight and number of tillers per plant were increased about 9%, 4.6%,
0.9%, 43.7% and 10.7% respectively in bagass and SA treated soil than untreated pots. The reduced
growth in saline control could be due to the production of H2O2 which enhances the accumulation
of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inversely affecting the molecular mechanisms of plants. So, we
conclude that the use of SA added organic matter may become a direct source of hormones under
stress condition, which regulates the plant to compete with harsh conditions.
Keywords: Salicylic acid; Bagass; Salinity; Wheat
ICESD-39
Studying Barriers To And Opportunities For Climate Resilient Agriculture Innovation
For Improved Food Security Of Marginalised Communities In The Indus Ecoregion
Aneeba Rashida, Mohsen Gulb, Ehsan Gulc aDepartment of Botany, GC University Lahore,
bSchool of Geography, The University of Nottingham, UK, cNottingham University Business School, The University of Nottingham, UK
Corresponding Author’s Email: [email protected]
Tel.: +923214498539
Pakistan is ranked in the lowest 25% of countries in terms of the Food Production Index (FPI) and
a downward trend is observed in the production of nutritional foods. This decrease can be attributed
to linkage between climate change and declines in agricultural productivity and food security. The
Indus Ecoregion is characterized by extreme poverty and frequent interruption to livelihood
generation means due to natural and climate related hazards. There is an absence in Pakistan of
studies tracing through which channels can adjustments in farmer climate change adaptation
strategies lead to augmented discretionary food income. Climate Field Schools are viewed as a
viable, low-cost and easy to monitor solution to improve outreach and help enhance the resilience
of vulnerable communities to climate change related impacts on their yields, income, and nutrition
status. Use of such approaches are recommended by the UN Sustainable Development Goals with
SDG Target 13.b focusing on promotion of mechanisms for increasing the capacity for effective
climate change-related planning and management in the least developed countries, including a
focus on women, youth and local and marginalized communities. This paper explores the potential
of Climate Field Schools as a climate resilient agricultural innovation and recommend
implementation strategies that can help improve collaboration amongst key stakeholders, and
address any shortcomings of agricultural extension services in incorporating climate change
adaptation and food security considerations within their ambit.
Keywords: Food Security; Climate Change; Agricultural Innovation; Climate Field Schools
ICESD-40
Waste Water Treatment Through Membrane Bioreactor - Review
Muhammad Arslan
[email protected], Tel.:0312-6927827
The total amount of waste water produced in Pakistan is 6414 106m3y-1. In Pakistan, waste water
treatment methods are electrocoagulation, ozonation, vermifiltration, reverse osmosis, forward
osmosis, catalytic wet air oxidation, up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), aerated lagoons,
trickling filters, moving bed biofilms carriers, aerobic granulation and so on. The biological
removal of pollutants from the environment is more sustainable and cost effective. The Membrane
Bioreactor method is of great importance. The Bioreactors not only clarify the activated sludge but
also filter the harmful pollutants in a single step. The treatment of industrial waste water is much
important nowadays. The biodegradation of organic pollutants is the advancement of this
technology. This release the pollutant pressure and speed up the treatment or removal of targeted
pollutant. The literature study reveals that there is no major study present which shows that major
organic pollutant degraded by using this technique. This review deals with the comprehensive
study of Waste water treatment technologies from industries and particularly by the use of MBR.
Keywords: MBR, Waste Water Treatment, Sludge Research
ICESD-41
Temperature Trend Detection And Its Impact On River Discharge in Swat basin using
Mann-Kendall Trend Model: A Geographical Perspective
Muhammad Dawood1and Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman1
1 Department of Geography, University of Peshawar
This paper explore the temperature trend detection and its impact on river discharge in Swat basin
using Mann-Kendall trend model (MKTM). In this study, the temporal data of temperature of the
concern met stations that falls in Swat basin has been spatio-temporally analyzed as a climatic
indicator, however the discharge data at selected gauging stations have been applied as
hydrological indicators. All the data were acquired from the date of establishment of each met
station and gauging station. It has been observed that the climate change has resulted fluctuations
in river discharge and at the same time has produced negative impacts in the form of recurrent
flood disasters. To achieve objectivesof the study, the selected hydro-meteorological indicators
were analyzed spatio-temporally. The collected data were interpreted using MKTM at 5%
confidence level. The analysis revealed that there is a positive trend in mean maximum temperature
at Dir and Saidu met stations, mean minimum temperature in Saidu and Timergara, whereasfor the
remaining stations, no trend has been found. It was further found that there is a positive correlation
between temperature and river discharge in Swat River. It has been statistically confirmed as
temperature increases, the snow, ice and glacier melting ascalates, which consequently recharge
river Swat.
ICESD-42
Assessment of Health Risks And Environmental Quality By Noise Pollution
Hinnan Khaild1,2*, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman1 and Hafiza Amara Hamid1
1Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040,
Pakistan 2Punjab Agriculture Extension Department, Shahkot, Pakistan
[email protected] Tel. 0334-6965207
Noise Pollution has been declared as the most alarming threat of the present era. However, many
developing countries are still unaware about the health risks due to noise pollution. Continuous
exposure to noise pollution may cause temporary or permanent hearing loss. In human beings these
auditory effects ranging from discomfort, sleeplessness, aggression, blood pressure, to sever
irreparable damages like deafness, impeded mental growth in children, permanent loss of memory
and psychiatric disorder. Thus, to grab the attention of common people about this horrible aspect
a research study was conducted in Jhang city, Pakistan. Results of this study brought out the awful
aspects of noise pollution on human health. Due to intensive increase in traffic noise 86%
population has fallen a prey of severe headache, 65% for temporary hear loss, 68% for mental
stress, 81% for nausea, 67% for sleep quality, 83% for sleep quantity, 50% for change in behavior,
72% for concentration level, 66% for high blood pressure, 63% for hypertension and habit of
talking loudly. Keeping in view the constitution of Pakistan, various regulations have been
authorized to control the noise pollution. Therefore, by adopting some strategies like population
awareness about the hazardous impacts of noise pollution, we can lessen the noise pollution and
its effect.
Keywords: Noise; Pollution; Health Risks; Environmental Quality
ICESD-43
Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water and Sediments of the Nullah Bein, Basanter
and Nullah Daik - Tributaries of the River Ravi, Pakistan
Muhammad Umer Nawaz Bajwaa, Mujtaba Baqarb, Abdul Qadira, Muhammad Salmanc aCollege of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. bSustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
cInstitute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
The Nullah Bein, Nullah Deg and Nullah Basenter are the major tributaries of River Ravi that are
originated from lower Himalaya, India and enter into Pakistan. These streams receive industrial
effluents, municipal sewage from different cities, which degrade the water quality. Present study
was designed to determine the heavy metalscontent of these streams and River Ravi, upstream and
downstream to the confluence of these streams. For this purpose, water samples were collected at
26 sampling sites on seasonal basis, i.e. post-monsoon season, during September (2015) and pre-
monsoon season, during April (2016).Four heavy metals which include Cu, Cr, Cd and Pb were
analyze in surface water and sediment samples of the forementioned Nullahs and River Ravi. The
results of twenty six sampling sites revealed that the amount of heavy metals is not significant in
upstreamsites but amount of heavy metals is significantly high in downstream sites, particularly in
Nullah Deg. This study is strongly recommends the proper treatment of the domestic sewage and
industrial wastewater prior to their disposal into these streams.
ICESD-44
A Sociocultural Qualitative Comparison of Two Important Cities of Pakistan Due To
Planned and Unplanned Urbanization
Badrunnisa Ch.1 , Dr. Mohammad Hashim Zuberi 2
Sindh Madressa tul Islam University Karachi.
[email protected] . Tel: +92 312 9545419
Urbanization is a solemn issue which needs to be meticulous specifically in an emerging country
like Pakistan where inflation rates are extraordinary, public lives underneath poverty line, incomes
are fewer and political uncertainty exists. It can cause infrastructure insufficiency, escalation urban
insufficiency & joblessness, lead to limited assets and cause more political inequity. Trend of
expansion in Pakistan have been cumulative over the past three decades due to an intensification
in the relocation ratio, mergers of trivial settlements into big towns then in additional of birth rates
over death rates which causes inhabitants proliferation and a rise in the living population of the
big cities. Growth in trade and business lead individuals to move towards urban hubs. The core
fortitude of the study was to analyze sociocultural qualitative comparison of two important cities
of Pakistan that are Islamabad and Karachi. The influences and determinants of planned and
unplanned urbanization causing the sociocultural difference in both cities. Islamabad the only
planned city of country and planned cities have acquired culture of modern society in contrast the
biggest metropolitan of region Karachi has expended without any planning and unplanned cities
may have the culture similar to traditional societies.
Keywords: Urbanization, Sociocultural, Planned and unplanned, Metropolitan, Modern society,
Traditional society.
ICESD-45
Spatial Epidemiology Of Tuberculosis In Gujrat City: A Geographical Perspective
Muhammad Miandad1, Muhammad Mushahid Anwar1, Shawaz Ahmed1
1Department of Geography University of Gujrat, Gujrat Pakistan
[email protected]. Tel 03333001530
Background: Tuberculosis a highly contagious disease killing the human being since a long time.
Pakistan being underdeveloped country facing innumerable problems to eliminate the disease.
Like other cities of Pakistan Gujrat is also facing problems to eradicate the disease. Current study
was an effort to highlight the epidemiological factors which are responsible to spread tuberculosis
in the urban areas of Gujrat city.
Methods: Tuberculosis data had collected from District Health Officer, National Tuberculosis
Control Program and Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Hospital Gujrat. Data analyzed temporally from 2012
to 2016 which showed escalation of TB cases. Questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the
epidemiology of tuberculosis. Data has been analyzed in SPSS using Principal Component
Analysis with Kaiser Normalization. Using Landsat Imagery, images were analyzed in ERDAS
software to evaluate the ratio of barren land, built up area and water from 1990 to 2015. NDVI
was used to evaluate the greenery with in study area.
Results: Questionnaire survey based data analyzed in Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using
SPSS software. Three factors extracted from PCA. Factor 1 revealed the highest correlation of 37
variables. On the basis of highest loadings of variables Factor I named as socioecological cum
demographic status. It was evident from Factor I that tuberculosis has highest relation with social,
ecological and demographic factors of the study area. Factor II named as socio-economic cum
ecological, which indicates the relationship of social, economic and ecological factor were
responsible for spread of tuberculosis.
Conclusion: Tuberculosis has correlation with epidemiological indicators which include social,
ecological and demographic. As it evident from result and discussion that geographical
epidemiological indicators are responsible to spread TB in the study area. There is an urgent need
to evaluate the vulnerable population of urban areas on priority basis i.e Moinuddin pur, Kanjah,
Adhowal and Madina UCs. Unplanned urbanization, poor garbage disposal, lack of recreational
facilities, poor management of urban green spaces, rapid urban sprawl, and accessibility to health
facilities were favorable factors of disease transmission. Ecological factors can be improved by
combined effort of health planner and urban development authorities. Tuberculosis can be
controlled to improve the quality of life and awareness among people.
Key words: Epidemiology, urbanization, tuberculosis, geographical, health
ICESD-46
Mapping Of Groundwater Potential Zones Using Remote Sensing And Gis Techniques
Munazza Usmani and sajid Rashid Ahmad
College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab,
Lahore-54590, Pakistan
[email protected]; [email protected]
Tel. 042-99233122, Cell No. 0312-9801510
Organization of groundwater resources, especially in hard rock areas, requires modern techniques
and scientific guidelines. remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS)-based multi-
criteria and analytic hierarchy techniques are executed to identify promising areas for groundwater
potential in Islamabad city, Pakistan. Multi-criteria evaluation techniques were used to integrate
all the thematic layers of geology, lineament density, drainage density, digital elevation model
(DEM), slope map and land use/land cover (LULC). Individual class and their corresponding
categories were assigned a facts base ranking from 1 to 7, depending on their importance for
groundwater potential. Results show that zones of excellent groundwater potential are
characteristic for quaternary layers of geology, have slopes of between 4 and 12 % and are
cultivated areas. The major soil type in the excellent to good areas is loam, followed by clay loam
and topography with high lineaments and well controlled drainage network with valley fill
deposits. The generated groundwater potential zones were confirmed with field checks and bore
well /dug well yield data, and showed steadiness with the observations. Results of such
verifications proved that the groundwater potential zones recognized by RS/GIS and analytic
hierarchy process (AHP) techniques are reliable and demonstrative.
Keywords: GIS, Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), DEM, Multi-criteria evaluation, Potential
Zones
ICESD-47
Increasing the Life Span And Efficiency Of Membrane Bioreactors, By Controlling
Membrane Biofouling
Mariam Ayub Nawaz, Nadeeha Saeed, Shinho Chung
Environmental Sciences Department, Forman Christian College University
[email protected] Tel. (042) 99231581-8 (ext 589)
Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) technology has experienced a fast development since the
advancement of the immersed configuration in 1990s. They have become very popular in
wastewater treatment due to their very unique technology which requires a smaller footprint and
ensures better effluent quality as compared to the conventional method. No doubt that MBR is
advantageous however, the widespread use of MBR has been hampered, particularly by membrane
biofouling, which is closely associated with attached microbial growth on the membrane surface.
This study is the consequence of the whole effort done until now, where the Department of
Environmental Sciences, FCCU build up a bench scale MBR. This bench-scale MBR is aim to
understand effectiveness of various biofouling control method to increase life span of membrane
and to improve its performance as well as to utilize it for deeper studies in future. This project
started with the designing of a bench scale MBR, selection of design HRT, SRT and flux and
selection of equipment’s needed and installation of MBR. Membrane modules were prepared with
hollow fiber poly-vinylidene difluoride membranes (0.1~0.4um) in different designs i.e. loop type
and straight type. Effectiveness of different biofouling control methods i.e. relaxation, standard
backwash (with water only), chemically enhanced backwash (CEB, with sodium hypochlorite)
were examined. Influence of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) on the biofouling control
method was investigated. Impact on membrane material of concentration of cleaning solution
(sodium hypochlorite) and soaking time for recovery cleaning were examined by checking change
of filtration resistance of the membrane. This impact was confirmed by observing the structure of
pores of membrane using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. As a result, we found
various factors that give impact on the MBR’s performance so that we can utilize the factors to
increase the life-span of the membrane and to improve overall performance.
Keywords: Wastewater Treatment, Membrane Bioreactor, Biofouling Control, Small Scale
Application
ICESD-48
Application of Ozone in Cotton Bleaching Using Various Additives to Reduce Water
Pollution
Fariha Arooj1*, Aisha Nazir, Aysha Iftikhar, Saman Sana 1Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
The effect of various additives (methanol, isopropanol, oxalic acid and sodium borohydride) on
the efficiency of ozone bleaching process has been studied in this paper. The results reveal that
methanol (2 g/l) gives the best results in terms of absorbency (12 seconds), whiteness (WCIE 67.53)
and bursting strength (95 lb) at an ozone dose of 10g/h, pH 5 and ozone exposure time of 45
minutes at room temperature. The addition of isopropanol and sodium borohydride has also
improved the whiteness and strength of fabric but absorbency remains unchanged (> 60 sec) while
oxalic acid reduces the strength of the fabric due to hydrolysis. The pollution load of ozone
bleaching effluent even after adding additives is far less than conventional bleaching effluent.
Statistical analysis of the experimental data using analysis of variance confirmed that methanol
addition significantly improved the ozone bleaching performance.
Keywords: Ozone; Bleaching; Additives; Absorbency, Whiteness, Effluent
ICESD-49
Evaluation Of Ceiling Fan Dust As An Indicator Of Indoor PCBS Pollution In Selected
Cities Of Punjab, Pakistan
Foqia Khalida, Abdul Qadira*, Adeel Mehmoodb, Saba Hafeeza, IqraAslama, Gan Zhangc
aCollege of Earth and Environmental Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan bDepartment of Environmental Sciences Govt. College Women University,Sialkot,Pakistan.
cState key Laboratories of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, the
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China.
The present study was designed for the assessment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in dust
deposited on ceiling fans in an indoor environment of Lahore, Faisalabad and Bahawalnagar
Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 32 dust samples on ceiling fans were collected from residential areas
of studied cities. Samples were prepared and extracted using standard methods and then further
PCBs were analyzed through Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. The highest concentration
of ∑35PCBs was recorded from the samples of Lahore city (34.39ng/g) followed by Faisalabad
(9.94ng/g) and Bahawalnagar (8.79ng/g).Among the indicator PCBs (PCB-101,118,138,153 and
180), highest concentration was measured in Lahore (6.72ng/g), while lowest concentration was
measured in Bahawalnagar (0.78ng/g).Similar trend was observed in dioxin like PCBs. In Lahore
city,highest concentration of dioxin like PCBs (5.56ng/g) wasobservedin samples collected from
Lahore followed by Faisalabad(1.30ng/g) and Bahawalnagar(0.77ng/g).The concentration of
∑35PCBs, indicator PCBs and dioxin like PCBs were observed low as compared to studies
conducted in developed countries like Canada (290ng/g), USA (220ng/g) and New Zealand
(67ng/g). The results of current research work provide baseline data of PCBs levels in indoor
ceiling fan dust in three different cities of Punjab, Pakistan. This study should be extended to rest
of cities of Punjab, to evaluate levels of PCBs in indoor environmentanditsassociation with
humanhealth risks.
Keywords:
PCB pollutants, Indoor air quality, ceiling fan dust, residential areas, dioxin like PCBs
ICESD-50
Herbal Leather Dyeing: A Step Forward towards the Sustainability of Green Technology
Shazia Pervaiz1*, Tahira Aziz Mughal2, & Filza Zafar Khan3 1Centre for Integrated Mountain Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
2Department of Environmental Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan 3Textile Lab, Applied Chemistry Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Lahore,
Pakistan * [email protected]; +92-323-3337197
Azo dyes are commercially used for leather dyeing which are known to be hazardous, toxic,
carcinogenic and allergic. These dyes are responsible to change climate by emitting greenhouse
gases into the atmosphere. Owing to mutagenic and teratogenic impacts of these dyes, the
European Union, Turkey and India banned their use, which increased the scope and demand of
natural dyes. Keeping in view the economic importance of leather articles and the growing problem
of global warming owing to azo dyes, the present study was carried out to extract eco-friendly
dyes from the indigenous flower of Bombax ceiba Linn. of Punjab and investigated their dye
efficiency on goat leather. In this study, an attempt has been made to produce a wide array of
shades with and without mordants using pre-mordanting and post-mordanting techniques. Colour
coordinates of dyed leather specimens were measured in terms of CIE Lab values. Moreover, the
colour fastness properties viz. colour fastness to mild washing, rubbing, and daylight were
evaluated using ISO and BS standard methods. Results of colour fastness of dyed leather
specimens rendered good to very good output in mild washing and rubbing (dry) whereas colour
fastness to daylight displayed moderate dye efficiency. Findings of the study revealed that B. ceiba
has enormous potential to render green fashion shades. From the results, it was concluded that
natural dye will help to mitigate carbon emissions and improve socio-economic condition of rural
women. Furthermore, this study will help to strengthen green economy through sustainable yield
of dye bearing plants.
Keywords: Bombax ceiba, Green Technology, Natural Dyes, Plant Diversity of Pakistan,
Sustainability
ICESD-51
Capitalist Development and Environment Sustainability: Can they be Reconciled?
Rabia Sohail
University of Warwick
[email protected] Tel.03006149994
This paper will discuss the loss to environment done by capitalist developmental activities and
remedies required to not only reduce but undo the damage done. It will seek to explain that
transformation in existing capitalist order is needed for growth and prosperity of humans given to
deteriorating earth condition and its carrying capacity. There are various approaches that are
suggested as way out and based on majority views this paper argues that radical approaches are
not a practical solution as roots of capitalism has been so deeply entrenched in the lives that it
would take many years of concerted effort by humanity to root is out; which is more or less an
impossibility. Therefore liberal approach where the existing system is tweaked to bring about
sustainable development is what is required and fairly doable. As many examples of corporations
can be found that shifted to environmentally friendly means of production and have reaped fruitful
results. And given to changing needs we are fast approaching that time when only environmentally
friendly businesses would stay. This paper seeks to suggest various ways in which capitalism can
be reconciled with environmental sustainability to meet the needs of the current generation by
keeping in mind the needs of the future generation and saving planet for them which is the core
ideology of sustainable development.
Keywords: Bioenergy; Biogas; Sustainable energy, Renewables; Pakistan
ICESD-52
Comparative Study Of Functionalized UiO-66 for Adsorptive Removal of
Polychloroethylene
Marria Ghalib1, Uzaira Rafique, Hira Saleem
Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi
Trichloroethylene (TCE) a chlorinated volatile organic compound is among ubiquitous
contaminants that have been widely detected in environment media in recent years. These
compounds possess high volatility and strong recalcitrance to degradation. Trichloroethylene
(TCE) has been dominant solvent for metal degreasing and industrial solvent consequential release
from industries, polluting water systems. Subsequently entering food chain and adversely affecting
the human health. Chlorinated compounds are highly toxic and their toxicity is of growing concern
to the scientists and researchers. Current research proposes a convenient and novel remediation
model for chlorine containing compounds. For this purpose, as synthesized metal organic
frameworks (MOFs) functionalized with nitrogen and sulfur containing groups are applied as
adsorbents for the removal of Trichloroethylene (TCE). Being probable human carcinogen it is
selected as adsorbate for the present study. The base MOF (UiO-66) functionalized by amino
(UiO-66-NH2) and sulfur groups (UiO-66-NHC (S) NHMe) are evaluated as potential adsorbents
in time-dependent batch protocol. The experiments are repeated with varying adsorbate
concentrations and solution pH. The results exhibited optimal pH for Trichloroethylene and is 7.
However, thiol functionalized MOF showed the highest efficiency (>90%) followed by amino
functionalized. The adsorption isotherm and
adsorption kinetics revealed the fitness of Freundlich model (R2>0.99) and pseudo second order
rate expression suggesting the heterogeneous and multilayered structure of the synthesized MOFs.
It can be concluded that adsorption efficiency of UiO-66 enhances the adsorption capacity due to
organic moiety introduced thus increasing the binding sites for adsorbate. The study recommends
that thiol functionalized UiO-66 can be considered as economical and effective alternative to
commercial adsorbents for decontamination of chlorinated sites.
Keywords: Water pollution; Polychloroethylene; functionalized UiO-66
ICESD-53
Use of Remote Sensing to Monitor Urbanization in Lyallpur Town of Faisalabad
Muhammad Ashar Ayub1*, Hamaad Raza Ahmad1, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman1, Hinnan
Khaild1,2 and Khansa Komal1
1Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040,
Pakistan 2Punjab Agriculture Extension Department, Shahkot, Pakistan
[email protected] Tel. 0334-6965207
To monitor expansion of urbanization in an area is a challenge as we cannot track historic
urbanization changes with conventional measures. Remote sensing can play a vital role in this
aspect. In present study we used Landsat 7 data to monitor urbanization in Lyallpur Town of
Faisalabad. Landsat 7 imagery was downloaded from http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/ of dates 06
Oct 2016 and 17-july-2006. After different pre-processing, Lyallpur town imagery was extracted
and Red, Infra-Red and Shortwave Infra-Red bands of Landsat 7 images were used to extract
values of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-Up
Index (NDBI). Pixel values of both these indices range from -1 to +1. For NDVI, -1 to 0 values
represent absolute absence of vegetation (mean presence of bare soil or water bodies) while 0 to
+1 values represent presence of vegetation. For NDBI 0 to +1 values represent presence of urban
areas. Similar method was applied on both images and resultant maps show a significant increase
in urbanization of Lyallpur Town that is obviously coupled with decrease in vegetative area. All
images were processed using afree software called QGIS. This study provides a useful application
of Landsat 7 data to quantify urbanization so that better management strategies can be adopted to
conserve agriculture land.
Keywords: Remote Sensing; Urbanization; Vegetation; Faisalabad
ICESD-54
Evaluation of Drinking Water Quality Using Water Quality Indexmodel, Hydrochemistry
and Geospatial Techniques in the Vicinity of Kasur City
Maham Tahir1&Shumaila Majeed2 1Geography Department, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
[email protected] 2Geography Department, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
Groundwater is an important source for drinking and domestic activities in the Kasur city due to
insufficient sources of surface water. The current study was carried out to examine the groundwater
quality for drinking purpose and to determine the hydrochemistry of groundwater using Canadian
Council of Ministers for the Environment Water Quality Index and Gibb’s graph. A total of 19
groundwater samples were taken from different areas of Kasur city. To study the groundwater
quality, different parameters such aspH, EC, TDS, TH, Turbidity, HCO3, Cl, Ca, K, Mg, Na, Zn,
Cu, Fe and As were analyzed.The trend of heavy metal levels was observed as Cu > Fe >As>Zn
whereas cations and anions follow the trend Na> Ca> Cl> Mg> K. According to water quality
index,the groundwater of Kasur falls under good to poor category. Rock water interaction and
evaporation influence were dominant in the study area, indicating the interaction between rock and
percolated water geochemistry. The groundwater sources of Kasur were mostly polluted by
industrial activities, therefore, it is recommended that the government should install more tube
wells at a considerable depth to ensure contamination free and excellent drinking water at the
consumer’s end.
ICESD-55
Comparative Efficiency Of Wastewater Treatment Plants Of A Paper And Pulp Mill at
Lahore and Kasur
Ayesha Siddiqua1, Amtul Bari Tabinda1, Abdullah Yasar1, Yusra Mahfooz1,
1Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University Lahore
The present study is based on the assessment of water quality of paper and pulp mill before and
after treatment at wastewater treatment plant and comparison between two sites of treatment plant
i.e. Lahore Wastewater Treatment Plant at Walton and Bulleh Shah Wastewater Treatment Plant
(Primary and Secondary) near Kasur. Water samples were taken from influent and effluent of
Treatment Plant at both sites. Physical parameters (DO, pH, EC and TDS) and chemical parameters
(nitrates, phosphates, sodium, potassium, chlorides, BOD, COD and TSS) were analyzed in the
laboratory and percentage removal efficiencies were calculated. In wastewater of Lahore unit of
paper and pulp mill, the physical parameters decreased as pH 2.17%, Turbidity 27.4%, EC 8.81%,
TDS 58.1% while in the Secondary wastewater treatment plant at Bulleh Shah unit these
parameters decreased as pH 1.23%, EC 89.84%, TDS 20.37% while DO increased by 2%. For
chemical parameters of wastewater treatment plant in Lahore phosphate decreased by 6.02%,
nitrates 48.93%, sodium 38.96%, potassium 48.37%, COD 47.92%, BOD 44% and TSS 81.08%.
While for the wastewater of Secondary treatment plant of Bulleh Shah this decrease was for
phosphate 13.72%, nitrates 52.8%, sodium 3.34%, potassium 9.57%, COD 56.5%, BOD 9.09%
and TSS 58.2%. Both the treatment plants were treating the wastewater to a considerable amount
but the percentage removal of pollutants was not fully attained.
ICESD-56
Removal of Synthetic Dye (Blue FBN) From Aqueous Solution Using Modified Local Clay
Adsorbent
Anum Javed , Abida Kausar, Zill-i-Huma Nazli a Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University Faisalabad.
This research study deals with the removal of Blue FBN dye (BFBN), from aqueous system by
adsorption onto the local raw and modified clay. Raw clay was modified by acid activation. The
effect of different experimental conditions such as time, adsorbate concentrations, pH,
temperature, and presence of other ions has been investigated. In order to understand the
adsorption behavior of the dye molecules onto raw and acidified clay, the kinetics of the adsorption
data were analyzed using different models such as pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order.
This study shows that the adsorption maximum reached at 80 min and follows the pseudo-second-
order kinetics. The adsorption isotherm has been analyzed with different models namely
Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson models. The thermodynamic parameters such as the
Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), and entropy (ΔS°) changes were calculated. The
interaction of dye molecules onto raw and modified clay has been investigated by Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses,
Thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. The maximum adsorption
capacities onto the raw clay and acidified were 73.98 and 76.39% for BFBN dye at pH 2 and 30°C.
Desorption studies were performed for the recovery of adsorbent by using different eluting agents.
The developed method was applied to real textile effluent for the treatment of wastewater and
maximum removal 50.35 and 54.95% was obtained with raw and acidified clay.
Key-words: Blue FBN dye, local raw and acidified clay, adsorption, characterization, kinetics.
ICESD-57
Optimization of Membrane Module Configuration in Membrane Bioreactor
Nadeeha Saeed, Mariam Ayub Nawaz, Shinho Chung
Environmental Sciences Department, Forman Christian College University
[email protected] Tel. (042) 99231581-8 (ext 589)
The membrane bioreactor (MBR) has emerged as an efficient compact technology for municipal
and industrial wastewater treatment. To treat wastewaters, latest technical invention and
noteworthy membrane cost reduction have pushed MBRs to become a well-known process option.
When used with domestic wastewater, MBR processes could produce effluent of high quality
enough to be discharged to rivers and other waterways or to be reclaimed for urban irrigation. The
main objective of this study is the performance evaluation of bench-scale MBR, comparison of
different membrane modules design, and finding the optimum operational conditions in order to
increase the productivity of lab scale MBR. The study was done in two phases. In first phase
bench-scale establishment and commissioning of MBR was done in the research labs of FCCU,
Lahore. In second phase synthetic wastewater with the characteristics of average municipal
wastewater was treated at various operational conditions to test the basic parameters. Comparison
of different membrane module design, different permeate flux and different hydraulic retention
time (HRT), solid retention time (SRT) condition were made. It is concluded that the high flux
rate leads to quick membrane fouling and longer SRTs gives better productivity at lower mixed
liquor suspended solid (MLSS) ratio. Longer HRT offers better COD, BOD and ammonia removal
efficiency.
Keywords: Wastewater Treatment, Membrane Bioreactor, Optimization of Membrane
Configuration and Operational Condition
ICESD-58
Energy Utilization Monitoring and Designing Energy Efficiency Analytics for Knitwear
Industry
Khadija Asad*a, RizwanRasheeda b, Almas Hamida aKinnaird College for Women Lahore, Pakistan
bSustainable Development Study Center, GC University Lahore, Pakistan
[email protected] Tel. 0321-4000250
The initiative of this study was to measure and evaluate the energy input in boiler and estimate
emissions from different fuel sources by recommending different energy saving options.
Therefore, the boilers, their blow down, boiler water treatment and fuel analysis using Emission
Estimation Techniques has been taken into account. The problems associated with discharged
water were also studied. It has been concluded that efficiency depends on many factors like gross
calorific value of fuel, steam produced and its enthalpy. Efficiency of boiler operating on wood
was higher as compared to boiler operating on natural gas because of difference in production
loads even industry on natural gas produces 1 ton steam by consuming less fuel than wood fuel.
The emission analysis shown that wood was poor fuel than natural gas due to high carbonmonoxide
contents. 7262 mg/Nm3 CO was found in wood whereas natural gas measured 27 mg/Nm3. The
measured value of sulphur in wood found to be 174 mg/Nm3 whereas 1 mg/Nm3 in natural gas.
The value measured for NOx was 230 mg/Nm3 in wood while natural gas measured 74
mg/Nm3NOx. After the energy efficiency analytics, waste water tests were conducted which
deliberated that as we move away from the source, the distance of the source from the end point
increases, decreasing the intensity of effects ranging from higher value in Hydiara drain like for
turbidity the measured value was 182 NTU and for river Ravi it was 23 NTU. BOD of river Ravi
was lower i.e., 80 ppm as compared to 102.4 ppm for Hydiara.
Keywords: Boiler, blow down, wood , natural gas, energy saving option
ICESD-59
Small Scale Sewage Treatment Plants: A Case Study Of Canal View Cooperative Housing
Society, Lahore
Ayesha Ijaz Cheema and Mohammad Rafiq Khan*
This study aims at providing a small scale sewage treatment facility at the community level such
as Canal View Cooperative Housing Society, Lahore. The data regarding its water volume,
population in all the sectors including the residential/commercial area was collected from the Canal
View Officials except the schools from where the data were collected through personal visits and
dialogue. Integrated sewage water samples were taken from the Canal View Cooperative Housing
Society and were tested in the Environmental Protection Department Laboratory. The COD and
BOD of sewage water were exceeding NEQS. Two emerging sewage treatment technologies i.e.
Bio-cleaner Technology and Ozone Based Compact Sewage Treatment Plant were identified from
the market and different cost design alternatives were framed and compared applying “Discounted
Cash” Flow technique on the basis of acceptance/rejection criteria such as PV, B/C, NPV and PBP.
The results indicated that out of 8 alternatives framed only two based on Ozone technology
qualified for installation at the scale of processing of sewage of Canal View Society or any other
society in Pakistan at par with reference to it area, population and sewage volume etc.
Key Words: Ozone, Bio-cleaner, Sewage treatment.
ICESD-60
Epidemeiological Study Of Hepatitis B & C And Its Spatio - Temporal Distribution In
Lahore Metropolitan And District In Gis Perspective
Zainab Shah
Govt. Degree College VandalaDayal Shah
Hepatitis means “Inflammation of liver”. There is an estimate that about 170 million people is
globally affected from this deadly virus called Hepatitis C virus , whereas about 2 billion people
globally affected from Hepatitis B virus. So there is a great need to deal with these viruses and
took steps for the prevention of these diseases. Two kinds of data are collected in this research:
demographical and spatio-temporal . Data is collected from four major hospitals of Lahore
metropolitan. Collected data reveals that Hepatitis C is more common in females as compared to
males, whereas Hepatitis B is more common in males as compared to females. And the most
infected age groups are from 15-64 in Hepatitis B and in Hepatitis C most infected age groups are
from 35-65. This study also reveals that there is great increase in the spread of these diseases from
2011 to 2014which is shown with help of maps at union council as well as at town level.
Key Words: Hepatitis B & C, Demography, Spatio-Temporal spread, age group
ICESD-61
Assessing the Impact of Distance in Deteriorating the Health of Daily Commuters Working
in Lahore in a GIS Environment
Samina Iqbal* & Ibtisam Butt**
*M.Phil. Scholar,Department of Geography, University of the Punjab, Lahore
**Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, University of the Punjab,
Lahore
Travel is pleasantly fascinating for the man but only when it becomes a gap-filler in the everyday
monotonous life or when it is scheduled in leisure time for the sake of entertainment. Not when it
contributes reluctantly to the daily routine and stakes to enhance the tiresome working hours.
Previous researches prove that great distancesfrom home to workplace put a negative impact on
the health and wellbeing of travelers. The present study was an attempt to highlight therole of
distance in creating healthproblems among the labor community who travelled great distances on
daily basis to reach their workplaces by using GIS applications. Lahore city was selected as the
study area and 06 sample sites were selected for the purpose of data collection. Primary data were
collected through a properly structured questionnaire and GPS Handset.The questionnaire was
filled by interview method from labor community who travelled at least 10 kilometers daily to
reach their workplace. GPS was used for marking the ground locations of sample sites and further
mapping purpose. Moreover, secondary data were obtained from Lahore Transport Company,
Environmental Protection Agency Lahore, Meteorology Department Lahore, Traffic Engineering
and Planning Agency. The collected data were further arranged and tabulated in Microsoft Excel
2010 and SPSS 20 and Interpolation and weighted sum overlay analysis wereperformed through
ArcGIS (Arc Map 9.3). The results confirmed that travel to distant workplaces was creating many
health problems among the commuters within the study area. A high incidence rate of chronic
diseases was found among the target population greatly associated with the increasing distance of
their daily travel to workplace. Respiratory disorders, skin infections, Central Nervous Systems
disorders and ear disorders were found more common than other diseases. The study recommends
further detailed research on the association of wellbeing of travelers with the mode of transport
and time spent in travelling to reach workplace.
Key words:
Commuters, Distance, Interpolation, GIS, weighted sum overlay analysis
ICESD-62
Evaluation of Hydroquinone, Mercury and Total Plate Count in Skin Lightening Creams
Available at Local Markets of Lahore
Mehreen Arshada,YumnaSadefa, Muhammad Naeemb,FarzanaBashirb,MisbahNoreena aCollege of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore
bPakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories, Lahore.
White skin is considered as a symbol of grace and people are getting involved in the use of skin
lightening creams without having any awareness about the impacts regarding dangerous
ingredients in them. In this study twenty skin lightening cream samples purchased from local
market were analyzed for hydroquinone (HQ) and mercury (Hg) estimation and also for total plate
count (TPC). Hydroquinone was measured by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography
(HPLC), mercury by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) and TPC was
detected by using nutrient agar media. It was observed that the hydroquinone concentration
wasranged between0 to7.14±0.18% with median value 0.33 %. In 25% studied samples
hydroquinone was not detected, 70% samples have within limit and5% samples have
hydroquinone concentration above the permissible limit (2%) defined by World Health
Organization (WHO) and United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA). Similarly,
mercury concentration ranged between 0 to 7.7±0.2 ppm with median value of 2.5 ppm. Mercury
was detected in 95% samples, only 5% samples have no mercury and 20% have within limit value,
while 75 % sample have concentration above the standard limit (1 ppm) defined by WHO and US
FDA. However, the total plate count observed between 0 to 700±1 cfu/g with median value 230
cfu/g and all the samples have bacterial count within the permissible limit (1000 cfu/gm) defined
by Europimitean Union (EU) Directive. The findings are that the skin whitening creams have
sufficient amount of toxic ingredients that may leads to the serious skin problems. There should
be regular monitoring of such cosmetics by regulatory bodies appointed by government.
ICESD-63
Public Perception About Noise Pollution; A Case Study of Faisalabad, Pakistan
Muhammad Arif Saeed1, Kashif Mahmood2 and Muhammad Nasar-u-Minallah1
1Department of Geography, Govt. Postgraduate College Gojra, Pakistan 2Department of Geography, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
[email protected]; Tel: +923336564413
World is progressing every day, but every coming day carries a lot of pollution in environment.
One of them is noise pollution. The present research based on a social surveywas carried out to
identify the causes and effects of noise pollution on the people of Faisalabad city. Survey was
conducted from June 2016 to August 2016 and 300 questionnaires were filled from seven different
classes as shopkeepers, students, patients, industrial workers, Drivers and residents of Faisalabad
city. After the completion of social survey the obtained data were manipulation in SPSS for
descriptive statistics. Results exposed that 82.7% people think that they have aware about noise
pollution and 67.3% people felt noise in their areas, while only 2.3% found hearing loss in family,
94.7% considered that traffic is the main cause of noise, 87.3% think that industries and factories
are responsible for noise pollution, 87% consider that increasing population have play a major role
in noise, 82.3% respondents replied that poor urban planning contribute in noise pollution, 70.7%
considered that social events created noise, 51.7% people think that household activities are
responsible for noise. We found unexpected element that only 33% people discussed this severe
issue with others and from rural areas there is no person that discussed this issue. In the future the
relationship between noise levels and human behaviour changes can be studied. This research is
valuable assets for urban planners and policy makers to cope with this problem.
Key words: Noise Pollution, Faisalabad, Social, Household, Environment
ICESD-64
Treatment and Extraction Of Nickel From Edible Oil Waste Sludge And Its Particle Size
Analysis Through XRD (X-ray diffraction)
Rabia shaukat
Sustainable Development Study Center, GC University Lahore
Waste heavy metals issue has become challenging for the global industrial sector. From the last
two decades, nickel waste has taken the attention of global researchers to recycle this toxic and
expensive rare earth metal. In this review, all aspects of the nickel recovery and its particle size
analysis covering from conventional chelation to modern ultrasonication methods and XRD (X-
ray Diffraction) assessments have been considered. Hydro and pyro metallurgy have been used for
a long time to extract metals from the ores and scrap of e-waste. Sulfuric acid and hydrochloric
acid leaching of spent catalyst used in hydrogenation of edible oil ends up in a replenished 98%
and 78% nickel sulfate salt respectively. Ultrasonication has now grabbed the attention of scientists
which recovers the nickel from waste sludge of ghee industry within 50 minutes. By using nitric
acid in 1:10g/l, 90ºC temperature and 20 kHz frequency, 96% of the nickel recovered. Clean
technology has also replaced many skills with bio-leaching because of growing concerns of
environmental pollution. Researchers are now exploring more structural and behavioral toxic
nature of nickel and its salts through XRD (X-ray Diffraction) assessments, which must be less
than 10nm at the end of pipe in order to cope with respiratory disorders. These chemical analyses
and leaching kinetics help out scientists in innovation of more promising technologies.
Key words: Spent nickel catalyst, ultrasonication, sulfuric acid, leaching kinetics, particle size,
XRD
ICESD-65
Environmental Footprint of Leather Industry
Sehrish Afzal1, Amtul Bari Tabinda*1, Abdullah Yasar1, Rizwan Rasheed1, Anum Iqbal1, 1 Sustainable Development Study Centre, GC University, Lahore
*Corresponding Author’s Email: [email protected]. 0336-4016979
Due to increased environmental awareness, people are now more concern about the manufacturing
of different products and its associated environmental impacts. Thus, present study focuses on the
environmental footprint of a representative leather industry in Kasur by using water footprint,
carbon footprint and solid waste generation as indicators. Functional unit of one square meter was
selected for the study. Effluent samples were collected through grab sampling techniques at each
processing step and analysis was done according to the APHA (2010) guidelines. The
concentration of BOD, COD, sulfates, TDS and Cr in the effluent were higher exceeding than the
permissible levels of EPA and NEQS. The overall water footprint of the industry was 02.32 m3/m
and the carbon footprint was 0.048 m2. The total weight of raw trimming waste was 457.14 kg/day
whereas the waste of fleshing was 295.15 kg/day. About 50% of the total water was consumed in
washing only and other 50% was used in different tannery process i.e.: soaking, liming, deliming,
batting, pickling etc. This study also lays the groundwork for further industrial water footprint
studies.
Keywords: Tannery; Waste; Water footprint; Carbon footprint; Physiochemical; Leather industry
ICESD-66
Patterns of Groundwater Pollution Along The Industrial Zones of Lahore, Kasur and Kala
Shah Kaku
Momina Anwar1&Shumaila Majeed2 1Geography Department, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
[email protected] 2Geography Department, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore,
The present study is an in depth analysis of groundwater pollution along the industrial zones of
Lahore, Kasur and Kala Shah Kaku. The total of 40 ground water samples were collected from the
study area (20 groundwater samples were taken from the industrial sites of Lahore, 10 groundwater
samples were gathered from the industrial sites of Kasur and10 from Kala Shah Kaku.In order to
evaluate the groundwater quality, different physiochemicalparameters such as pH, TDS, EC, Ca,
Mg, Na, HCO3, Cl, Cr, Cd, Zn, Pband Ni were analyzed and were compared with the prescribed
limits of WHO (2011).The trend of heavy metals was observed as Mn> Zn>Cu>Cd>Cr>Pb>Ni.
The results indicated that heavy metals were above the permissible limits of WHO. The effluents
discharged from various industries without treatment are a potential threat to groundwater
contamination. Thus, it is recommended that industries should install treatment plants to reduce
the pollution load. Furthermore, strict government actions, effective environmental laws and social
awareness programs must be undertaken to ensure contamination free groundwater for the local
citizens.
ICESD-67
Alterations in Copper, Iron, Manganese and Zinc Availability and Uptake by
Hydroponically Grown Triticum aestivum L. Treated with Different Cadmium Levels
Muhammad Azhar1*, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Irfan Sohail1, Muhammad
Naeem Khan2 and Umair Riaz3 1Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
2College of Agriculture, Bahaudin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-campus Layyah, Pakistan 3Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
*[email protected] Tel: +923004964047
Cadmium (Cd) stress in growth medium hinders plant growth and physiology by affecting nutrient
homeostasis. To study the effect of Cd on micronutrient phyto-availability and uptake, a solution
culture experiment was done in glass house of Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences,
University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan. Wheat seedlings were grown in acid washed sand
and were transferred to foam plugged holes in thermo-pore sheet floating on plastic tubs (8 L)
containing Hoagland’s nutrient solution. Four Cd levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 µM) with four replicates
were applied after one week of nursery transplantation. Crop was harvested after twenty days of
Cd application. Results showed that addition of Cd in rooting solution significantly decreased
accumulation of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in both root and shoot. The concentration of root Cu, Fe, Mn
and Zn was decreased by 61, 12, 41 and 17% respectively in 15 µM Cd treated plants. Similarly,
15 µM Cd received plants showed 57, 19, 41 and 16% reduction in straw Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn
respectively. The uptake of these nutrients by wheat tissues (both root and shoot) and their root-
shoot translocation was significantly lowered in the presence of 15 µM Cd in growth medium.
Thus results indicated that presence of Cd even at lower levels in rooting medium negatively
affected micronutrients availability and uptake.
Keywords: Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, phyto-availability, wheat, solution culture
ICESD-68
Effects of Drinking Water Quality on Growth, Hematological and Anatomical parameters
of Chicks
Sehrish Iqbal, Naveed Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Muhammad Akram, Muhammad Imran,
Poultry is a good source of food in the form of eggs and meat for human beings. The broiler
requires 1.5 to 2 times as much water as feed. Therefore, the fluctuation in the provision of water
affects adversely on the growth of broilers as compared to feed. Present study aimed to estimate
the effects of water quality from various locations of Tehsil Mailsi on broiler’s overall growth,
blood contents and anatomical features. Prior to the experiment, the water samples were analyzed
for the presence of heavy metals. The broilers were divided into three experimental groups on the
basis of location of water sample i.e. Baba Nathe Shah (S1), Sakhi Hassan (S2), BahawalWah (S3)
and one control group was treated with Nestle Mineral Water (S4). The animals were weighed and
marked at their wings. The animals treated with Nestle Water had greater hemoglobin count and
larger white blood cells, platelets and neutrophils. The animals treated with Sakhi Hassan water
(S2) had greater lymphocyte count. However, there was no significant difference in monocyte and
eosinophil count among the experimental and control groups. Among the animal weight, Nestle
Mineral Water (S4) had the greater weight. The experimental groups animals showed significant
reduction in body weight. Among the anatomical features, liver weight was significantly great in
Sakhi Hassan (S2) treated water, the kidney weight was greater in BahawalWah (S3) water, lungs
and heart weight did not show significant difference in all the groups, the gizzard weight was
greater in Baba Nathe Shah (S1) treated group and intestinal length was greater in the Control
Group (S4).
Key Words:
Total dissolved solids (TDS), Oxidation reduction potential (ORP), Body weight, Blood Contents,
Anatomical feature.
ICESD-69
Groundwater Nitrate Remediation by Iron Minerals
Shanawar Hamid*, Haroon Rahid, Abdul Nasir, Ch. Arslan and Asma Sattar
Department of Structures and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering
and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
[email protected], Tel. 0333 8981826
Groundwater is a vital source to fulfil potable water needs around the globe in general and in South
Asia in particular. However, groundwater resources are rapidly depleting. In addition, they are also
facing severe pollution stress due to anthropogenic activities. Nitrate pollution to groundwater
bodies is one of such critical problems especially in agricultural countries. This situation is
effecting both the ecological cycle and human health. Worldwide nitrate pollution problems
require treatment strategies which are fast, steady, and efficient in denitrification. Recently
catalytic nitrate reduction form water/wastewater has proven to be efficient, faster and reliable
method compared to other denitrification techniques. A number of lab and field scale studies show
that catalytic denitrification is strongly inhibited by impurities present in groundwater. The two
main inhibitory factors are temporary or permanent fouling by common anions and cations present
in groundwater and dilution of promoter metal, noble metal and/or support material due to
leaching. In view of the potential application of catalytic nitrate reduction to stable groundwater
denitrification, more studies are required to formulate eco-friendly, stable and reusable catalyst
and catalytic processes. In this study, we demonstrated stable nitrate reduction in real groundwater
samples over multiple recycles using bimetallic catalyst supported by hematite and red mud. More
than 95% nitrate reduction, about 60% nitrogen and about 40% ammonium selectivity was
observed over five recycles by hematite and red mud supported catalyst. Inductively coupled
plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis revealed that negligible promoter and noble metal
leaching occurred during all recycling batches. The results also show that soil minerals supported
bimetallic catalyst have a very high removal capacity and it can reduce more than 600mg/L NO3-
N (2650 mg/L NO3) in one recycle.
Keywords: Environmental nanomaterials; iron minerals; nitrate reduction; remediation
ICESD-70
Drinking Water Quality Of New Plant And Its Comparison With Conventional Water
Supply In A Rural Area: A Case Study Of Faisalabad
Yusra Mahfooz1, Amtul Bari Tabinda1, Abdullah Yasar1, Muhammad Tayyab Sohail2, Ayesha
Siddiqua 1Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University Lahore
2Department of Government and Public Policy, National Defence University islamabad
The regular supply of safe drinking water is a right to every citizen in a country. Polluted water
effect the health and damage quality of life. Pakistan is also struggling to provide basic life
facilities but safe drinking water is not enough to meet the needs of people, it may be because of
increasing pollution level. Present study is based on the comparison between drinking water
quality of saline and fresh water in a village of Manawala, Faisalabad. Physiochemical,
microbiological and heavy metal analysis was performed on the saline and fresh water samples.
Parameters like pH, turbidity, nickel, copper, nitrates, phosphates and total suspended solids were
within the permissible limit of World Health Organization. However, the values of electrical
conductivity in saline water samples ranged from 2092.3 to 6540 mg/l and in fresh water ranged
from 766.29 to 1378 mg/l, hardness in saline water samples ranged from 694 to 1041.5 and in fresh
water samples ranged from 301.5 to 678 mg/l, chlorides in saline water samples ranged from 550
to 1597.5 mg/l and fresh water ranged from 72.7 to 231 mg/l, total dissolved solids in saline
samples ranged from 1360 to 4251 mg/l and in fresh water samples 498.09 to 895.9 mg/l. The
most probable number of bacterial coliforms was higher than the permissible limit in both saline
and fresh water samples. Water borne diseases data was collected from the basic health unit of the
village. Questionnaires were conducted from 50% of population and study revealed that diarrhea,
abdominal pain and fever increased in this area by consumption of poor quality of drinking water.
ICESD-71
Paris Agreement: A Beacon of Hope for Climate Action - A Critical Appraisal
N. F. Sohail1, M. N. Anwar1, A. Fayyaz1, B. K. Bakht1, M. Iftikhar1, M. Baqar1 1Sustainable Development Study Center (SDSC), Government College University, Lahore,
Pakistan
Extravagant deforestation, overpopulation, excessive utilization of fossil fuels and many other
anthropogenic activities are the major reasons for global warming.Climate change has
multifacetedimpacts: sea level rise, ice melting, droughts, heat waves and forest fires. Climate
change – owing to its devastation - has become the talk of the town. The journey towards
development of global consensus for climate action dates back to 1992 followed by relatively
ineffective Copenhagen conference in 2009, and it was finally achieved in the form of Paris
agreement on 12th December, 2015– where an unprecedented number of countries,195, pledged to
impart their efficient role in combating climate change. Paris agreement is anuniversal binding that
aims to promote sustainable developments in order to limit down the global temperature below
2°C through achieving net zero emissions,implementation of REDD+, carbon trading,and binding
signatories to be express their resolve in the form of regularly updated NDC’s. It also focuses on
providing 100 billion USD to developing countries by the developed nations.This review paper
critically evaluates the effectiveness of Paris Climate Agreement: the appraisal of targets being set
in the light of the SMART Principle: Specific, Measurable, Realistic, Applicable, and Time bound.
Mainly, It has served a beacon of hope for the climate action although there is always room for
improvement.
Key Words: Paris Climate agreement, Climate Change adaptation, and mitigation, NCDs,
REDD++
ICESD-72
Exploring Nitrate Elevations In Groundwater And Associated Health Concerns
Afifa Malik, Abdullah Yasar, Amtul Bari Tabinda, Sidra Mukhtar
Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University Lahore, Pakistan
The rapid depletion and deterioration of groundwater and its quality is triggered by increased
consumption of water for human, agricultural and industrial activities. Nitrate (NO3) contamination
is an increasing concern in groundwater.In Pakistan, Nitrate pollution in groundwateris as high as
upto 1610 mg/L which exceeds threshold level i.e. 50 mg/Lset by WHO for drinking water. Shallow
aquifer found to be more contaminated. It has been observed that 80 % of groundwater is affected
with high nitrate levels and has negative health impacts on human well-being. Infants found to be
more prone to even slight elevations of 10 mg/L nitrate in drinking water. Diseases like blue-baby
syndrome (methemoglobinemia), other serious birth defects and various types of cancer can be
caused by high nitrate ingestion. Hence, the sustainable and quality management of groundwater is
the utmost need to protect the resource and ensuring human health.
ICESD-73
Geospatial Technology Appraising The Plantation of Biofuel Source in Pakistan
Muhammad Jahangir Khan1, Mahmood Ahmed Sajid2
1Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Bahria University Karachi Campus, Karachi 2Virtual University, Burewala Campus, Burewala
Abstract
Integration of modern geo-informational system and satellite remote sensing techniques with
traditional knowledge of earth sciences provide substantial solutions in mapping and modeling
extensive earth resources.Pakistan hosts fertile soil and dominant agriculture industry. The
exploitation of depleting conventional energy resources can be balanced by deputy energy sources
such as Jatropha Curcas. It is an energy plant, commonly known as “Jamalgota”which can yield
biofuel from its fruits/seeds. The Jatropha seed hold 35-45% bio-oil which can be used as biodiesel
and exhibits ample reduction in global warming. This multidisciplinary study highlights significant
potential of bioenergy plants in Pakistan and broaden the scope of biotechnology, geospatial
technology, soil sciences and environmental studies which reduce the chaos in plantation of
Jatropha crop and present a sustainable crop management system. The conclusions are derived
from GIS based visualization prepared through computer image processing of Landsat 8 spectral
imageries and geospatial analysis of climatic data (precipitation, temperature etc.), topography
(DEM) and soil type. The results will showcase promising zones suitable for cultivation of
Jatropha crop, its growth potential and classification of iso-parametric conditions of agricultural
soil. This study force national agricultural society to adopt the plantation of environmental friendly
Jatropha plant on regional scale. Thus contribute in economic growth, create environmental
balance, and addsupplement in national energy demands of Pakistan.
ICESD74
Performance of Microalgae In Solid Waste Integrated Treatment & Biogas Production To
Meet Energy Crisis In Pakistan
Zara Maqsood1 and Dr. Muhummad Anwar Baig1
1Institute of Environmental Science & Engineering
School of Civil & Environmental Engineering
National University of Science & Technology, (H-12) Islamabad
Email: [email protected], Tel: 0324-5152525
Fossil fuels reserves and fresh water availability is decreasing with each passing day. In this era,
sustainable development is the key to survival. Microalgae is a novel green technology that possess
very high potential to remove pollutants from leachate and it also acts as a growth medium. The
harvested biomass has a huge potential for biogas production. In a study conducted at IESE, NUST,
one locally isolated strain and three identified strains were acclimatized in different concentrations
of solid waste generated leachate and an acclimatization of 50% was achieved. The acclimatized
strains were grown in 50% leachate and their performance was monitored with OD680. Algae
cultures were set up in 1.5 L PET bottles, illuminated with TLD 36W fluorescent lamps
continuously and an air flow rate of 3.5 L/min was maintained. The resultant biomass was
harvested by centrifugation and codigested with leachate and cow dung seeding. Biogas was also
analyzed for methane concentration. All strains showed increase in growth and slurry samples
showed decrease in nitrate and phosphate concentrations. The codigestion of pectinodasimus strain
i.e. S6gave maximum biogas volume after 10th day and highest methane yield i.e. 61.5%. The
results proved that microalgae can be used for solid wasteleachate treatment and the resultant
biomass can be used for biogas production. However, conditions need to be optimized for 100 %
efficiency of this system.
Keywords: Microalgae, Biomass, Acclimatization, Biogas, Leachate, Dictyosphaerium specie,
Pectinodasimus species, Methane, Cow dung, Seeding.
ICESD-75
Extraction of Copper From Electronic Waste Through Leaching
Amina Hadayat, Fakhra Aslam and Arifa Tahir
Environmental Science Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore Pakistan
Used electronic equipment became one of the fastest growing waste streams in the world. The
most of the contemporary research activities on recovery of base and precious metals from waste
PCBs are focused on hydrometallurgical techniques as more exact, predictable and easily
controlled. Due to rapidly depleting natural resources ofmetals, it becomes essential to find
secondary resources formetals. E-waste can be a potential secondary source for that.It contains a
number of metals which can be recycled aftersuccessful separation. The present study deals with
the extraction of Copper from printed circuit boards (PCB) of different obsoleteelectronic devices
by means of leaching using different type of acid and their combinations. Printedcircuit boards
were dismantled and cut into small pieces. The cut pieces of 1cm were leached by using theaqueous
solutions of HNO3, H2S04+H2O2, HCl, and HCl+HNO3. The different parameters such as effect of
reaction time, and the effect of different type of leaching chemical were observed in order to extract
best concentration of copper from printed circuit boards of mobile phone, CPU, and charging light.
In present study it was found that maximum copper extraction was achieved at 150 min. In present
study highest copper extraction was achieved from PCB of mobile phone using aqua regiaas a
leaching acid while lowest copper extraction was achieved from PCB of charging light using
hydrochloric acid as a leaching acid. These results show that the hydrometallurgical extraction of
copper present in PCB’s scrap is a technically feasible alternative that shall be considered and
evaluated.
Keywords: E-waste, leaching, printed circuit boards
ICESD-76
Effect of Pretreatments and Co-digestion on Biogas Production from
Organic Kitchen Residues and Paperboard Waste
Adeema Zareen1 and Dr. Muhummad Anwar Baig1
1Institute of Environmental Science & Engineering
School of Civil & Environmental Engineering
National University of Science & Technology, (H-12) Islamabad
Email: [email protected]
Inadequate municipal solid waste management in Pakistan, from collection to disposal is a
foremost health and environmental hazard and due to its biodegradable nature can be converted
into renewable bioenergy by the process of anaerobic digestion. Organic content of municipal
waste in Pakistan comprises of 53 – 58 % kitchen waste and 6 – 8 % paper waste. Presence of 50
– 56 % cellulose content in paperboard waste makes it a potential feedstock for anaerobic digestion
but the major limitation is lignin 17 – 23 % that hinders and elongates the hydrolysis phase.
Pretreatment of lignocellulosic substrates prior to digestion can enhance the biogas yield and
quality. This study was conducted at IESE,aims to investigate the synergistic effects of co –
digestion of paperboard waste and organic kitchen residues and effect of alkali (NaOH),
hydrothermal and ultrasonic pretreatments on rate of hydrolysis and biogas production. Paperboard
waste undergoes 76 %, 68 % and 42 % delignification for alkali, hydrothermal and ultrasonic
pretreatments, respectively. Whereas the biogas yields increased up to: Alkali(70
%)>hydrothermal (61 %) > ultrasonication(45 %) as compared to thecontrol. Biogas production
by using organic fraction of wastes can be one solution to many environmental problems as well
as bioenergy resources are good greenhouse friendly substitute of fossil fuels and conversion of
these wastes into energy is the way forward for sustainable development.
Key words: Municipal solid waste management,Waste to energy, Paperboard waste, Organic
kitchen residues, Lignocellulose,Pretreatment, Anaerobic digestion, Biogas.
ICESD-77
Comparative Efficiency of Two Different Incinerators In Terms Of Exhaust Gases And
Ash Produced
Ihtesham Khattak
Proper management of hospital waste is a critical concern in many countries of the world. This
study compared two different incinerators i.e. single chambered (referred as type-1) and 3-
chambered (referred as type-2) incinerator for efficiency in terms of various flue gas emissions
and ash produced. Exhaust gases were compared with NEQs level. Type-1 incinerator
could achieve maximum of 8000 C temperature, while Type-2 could go up to
1200 oC. Plastic only incineration showed various results suggesting that Type-1 resulted
in more CO emissions in the lower temperature range (0-500)C.Type-2 incinerator at 700o C or
above operation resulted in emissions below NEQs most of the times as temperature rose sharply
and thus less time for incineration at lesser temperature.Similarly,incineration of Human waste and
Bandages only, resulted exorbitantly higher CO emissions in the lower temperatures in Type-1
incinerator but again it decreased sharply at around 8000C. Type-2 results showed higher
emissions at 650 0C but lower emissions as the temperature went up. Mix waste resulted in higher
emissions of flue gases,both at lower and higher temperatures in Type-1 and in Type-2, the results
varied.Similarly,Ash produced by Type-1 was more (above the regulatory level i.e. 3 to 5
kg) during incineration of all three different groups of waste. Ash produced in Type-2 was much
lesser and according to various regulatory standards i.e. 3 to 5 kg left after per 100kg of waste is
being incinerated. The study satisfactorily concludes that emissions from both type-1 and 2 at or
around the benchmark temperature i.e. 700-7500C were below NEQs level in case of all different
groups of hospital waste, but amount of ash produced varied in both cases.
ICESD-78
Thermo-catalytic Decomposition Of Plastic Waste Into Valuable Products
Jan Nisar
National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
[email protected]. Tel. 0919216766
This study is focused on the use of a suitable catalyst for the conversion of plastic waste into useful
products. The study was performed in indigenously manufactured furnace which gives a
temperature of 500-750K. The condensable and non-condensable contents were obtained during
the reaction. The condensable fractions were analyzed by GC-MS and FTIR techniques, while the
non- condensable products were analyzed by GC. The experiments were also performed in the
absence of catalyst. The results showed that the laboratory synthesized catalyst successfully
converted the plastic material into valuable products at very low temperature. Kinetics study was
also performed for determining kinetics parameters.
Keywords: Plastic waste; Pyrolysis; valuable products; Kinetics study.
ICESD-79
A GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Evaluation System For Suitable Landfill Site Selection: For
Lahore, Pakistan
Khadija Asif1, Uzma Ashraf 2, M. Nawaz Chaudhry1 1Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Lahore School of Economics
2College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Punjab University Lahore
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and its management has become a global problem. Poorly managed
waste has a diverse effect on the global and local environments. In Pakistan, SWM is considered
to be a serious problem, with most of the hazardous and non-hazardous waste being dumped in
landfills without any segregation. According to international SWM standards, one of the major
problems associated with these landfill sites is their locations, which are often not appropriate or
suitable for handling such a large amount of waste for a variety of reasons. The key objective of
this research study is to select a suitable landfill site that is environmentally sound, economically
feasible and socially acceptable for Lahore. In order to deal with the multiple concerns around
Landfill Site Selection (LSS), remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are
utilized. The project involved preparing a suitability by incorporating reclassified maps in GIS.
For Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) pair-wise comparison method was applied for assigning
weightages to the delineated criteria. According to the results, 6.26 percent of Lahore is highly
suitable for a landfill site, whereas, 20.96 percent is moderately suitable and 2.15 percent is highly
unsuitable for landfill siting. The result of the analysis shows that there are 49 possible sites
available that are greater than 50ha in area. For further statistical analysis (i.e. AHP) the data size
was reduced to 9 possible sites by applying a buffer of 15km from the city center, as measured by
the horizontal and vertical extent of urban land use area. The selected potential landfill locations
were contrasted with oneanother in connection to their land size, distance from close-by settlement
and from the city center. Six suitable sites, their ranking along with weightage are discussed in the
paper. As these sites are at a reasonable distance from settlements, surface water bodies, ground
water, airport, railways and are at the same time comparatively closer to the city center and the
road network. These sites are also considered environmentally and socially acceptable. Another
buffer of 25km from the center of the area shows the other possible locations for landfill siting.
ICESD-80
Foreign Direct Investment, Trade Openness and Environmental Degradation: Empirical
Evidence from the ARDL Bound Test Approach for Pakistan
1Sajid Ali, 2Raima Nazar 1School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
2Department of Economics, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan.
[email protected] Tel: +923017501628
At the present time, there is a major threat to the earth's environment which is due to the increase
in environmental degradation. CO2 emissions is one of the major indicators of environmental
degradation in Pakistan. The present research work uses annual time series data to assess the
effects of FDI inflows and trade openness on environmental degradation in Pakistan. CO2
emission (a proxy for environmental degradation) is used as dependent variable while foreign
direct investment, trade openness and urbanization are used as independent variables. ARDL
Bound test approach is used for analysis of data which shows there is long-run relationship among
variables. Both trade openness and urbanization show positive impact on environmental
degradation while FDI shows negative relationship with environmental degradation. Thus,
Pakistani authorities should implement more stringent pro-environment policies and adopt stricter
environmental strategies in their trade agreements with other countries in order to ensure better
protection for the environment.
Keywords: Environmental Degradation, Foreign Direct Investment, Trade Openness
ICESD-81
Generation and Management Practices of e-Waste in Hafeez Centre Lahore, Pakistan
Anum Iqbal1*, Sumbal Arshad1, Amtul Bari Tabinda1, Abdullah Yasar1
1 Sustainable Development Study Centre, GC University, Lahore
[email protected], Tel. 0301-4469085
Hafeez Centre is one of biggest I.T business centre in Lahore. Used products can also be purchased,
sold and repaired in its repairing labs that ultimately results the generation of e-waste at large scale
which then sent to recycling sites. Present study was conducted to identify the major factors
contributing in e-waste generation, analyse the practices of e-waste management from the
importers, retailers and repairers of e-waste. The total e-waste generated by the retailers of Hafeez
Centre was 100,000 kg per year while the repairers of Hafeez Centre generate 575,000 kg of e-
waste per year. The collected e-waste is sold to the junk yards usually at the price of PKR 500–
1000 per unit, depending upon their quality and usage level. A large quantity of e-waste is recycled
in an informal way. The underlying reasons for e-waste generation includes poor management
practices, lack of inventory and poor quality of electronics which has been declined enormously
since the last-decade.
Keywords:e-Waste, Recycling, Used products, e-Waste management, Junk yards
ICESD-82
An Econometric Study of Environmental Degradation, Energy Consumption and
Economic Growth for Pakistan
Raima Nazar1, Sajid Ali2 1Department of Economics, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
2Lecturer, School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan,
[email protected] Tel: +923457012499
In any economy, sustainable economic growth can be achieved by sustainable environmental
conditions. Energy consumption and CO2 emissions are the major cause of environmental
degradation in Pakistan. This study elaborates the long-run relationship among environmental
degradation, energy consumption and economic growth in Pakistan using annual time series data
from 1975 to 2017. GDP is used as a dependent variable while CO2 emissions, Energy
consumption, FDI, trade openness and population growth rate are used as independent variables.
Both CO2 emissions and energy consumption are used as indicators of environmental degradation.
ARDL approach is used for analysis of data which shows there is long-run relationship among
variables. The results indicate that energy consumption, CO2 emissions and population growth
have negative effect on economic growth. On the other hand, FDI and trade openness have positive
impact on economic growth.
Keywords: Environmental Degradation, Energy Consumption, Economic Growth
ICESD-83
An assessment of Health Impact Of Hospital Waste On Sanitary Workers in Lahore,
Pakistan
Anam Riaz*, Dr. Ibtisam Butt**
*M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Geography, University of the Punjab, Lahore
**Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, University of the Punjab,
Lahore
Hospital waste is one of the major concerns all over the world due to its infectious and hazardous
nature that can cause threat on surroundings as well as on the health. The person at great risk are
the sanitary workers of the hospital who collect hospital waste. The present research conducted to
calculate the health risk of the hospital waste on the sanitary workers of the hospital in Lahore city,
Pakistan. Questionnaire method was used to collect data from the sanitary workers from the
hospitals regarding their health, hygiene, precautionary measure and diseases they were suffered
from within the lapse of a year. The data collected was arranged and analyzed by using Microsoft
Excel 2013, SPSS 20, and maps were prepared using Arc GIS 10.1. Spearman rank correlation test
was performed to check the strength of association between hospital waste and diseases. The study
reveals that there is weak relation between hospital waste and the health risk, so it can be concluded
that workers were receiving proper vaccination and precautionary measure were being used by the
hospital workers.
Keywords: Hospital, Sanitary workers, Hazardous waste, Arc GIS, Spearman rank correlation
ICESD-84
Economic Analysis and Recycling Of Plastic Waste Post Consumer Pet Bottle In
Lahore Pakistan
Laraib Fatima1*, Abdullah Yasar1, Rizwan Rasheed1 1SDSC, GC University Lahore, Pakistan
[email protected], Tel. 03204778024
Waste management problems are highly related to the high rate of plastic production is a
tremendously important challenge globally. Plastic waste has the widespread consideration when
dealing with recycling. PET is the only most commonly used plastic material and also the most
important recyclable material from municipal plastic waste. PET has higher density among all
plastics i.e., 1.40. Various technologies designed to treat PET and plastic waste 1)bottle to bottle
recycling 2) injection stretch blow moulding technique. There are two mechanisms of recycling
1)closed loop recycling 2)open loop recycling. 21.2%of recyclables waste is recycled in Lahore
by the informal recycling sector. Currently there are three companies privately working in Lahore
which collect municipal solid waste and also maintain MRFs. These companies only collect
approximately 10% of the total MSW that has been generated only in Lahore. The recycling
potential and degradation was calculated through cost benefit analysis using indicators NPV,
Payback time. Nowadays, PET bottles are widely used for the filling of, mineral water, soft drinks
energy drinks, and also for more susceptible beverages like juices, beer, and wine. The
enhancement of the PET recycling practices on the large scale as proper industry could convert it
into the profitable business.
Keywords: plastic waste, PET Bottle recycling, PET flake, cost-benefit analysis, mechanical
recycling
ICESD-85
Biomass Production, And Nutritional Value Of The Berries of Livistona chinensis
Fiza Pir Dad, Ramla Hasnain, Amin Ul Haq Khan, Faiza Sharif
Government College University, Lahore
[email protected] +923400754019
The research was designed to investigate the nutritional and carbon storage status of Livistona
chinensis R.Br.. The study was divided into three parts. In the first part, the macro-micronutrients
of the pulp (berries) along with the percentages of these nutrients were determined by using
standard methods. The macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats and fibers) were 84.86% and
the micronutrients were 0.10% in the berries of L. chinensis. The second part relates to the carbon
storage capacity of the Livistona chinensisby using the allometric equations. The result revealed
that the average growth rate was 17.7cm year-1. The total average carbon biomass of the tree and
the annual sequestration rate was 42.93kg and 5.91kg tree-1 respectively. The third part relates to
the feeding behaviour of the common birds like bulbul (Pycnonotus barbatus), house sparrow
(Passer domesticus), koel (Eudynamys scolopaceus) and crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos). The
findings were based on the collection of fallen fruits that has been fed upon by the birds over the
period of 24hrs. The results revealed that the common birds frequently visited L. chinensis to get
their food and use it as a roosting site. In this part, the number of L. chinensis was noticed in the
old and new gardens also. This research showed that only the old gardens have this palm tree, and
this was missing in the new gardens and parks.
Keywords: micronutrients, macronutrients, annual sequestration, allometric equation, roosting
site
ICESD-86
Role of Energy Efficient Products to Induce Sustainable Development Practices
among the communities in Hunza, Gilgit Baltistan
Irfan Karim & Amin U. Khan
[email protected] Tel.0342-5070802
The basic purpose of conducting this study was to assess and evaluate Building and Construction
Improvement Program (BACIP) newly introduced Energy Efficient (EE) and home improvement
products that claims to improve household health, economics and housing conditions more
accessible and affordable, while simultaneously making the ecosystem more sustainable by
reducing human pressure on the environment and reducing the level of CO2 and allied hazardous
emissions. In order to assess the efficiency of the Energy Efficient products a systematic
assessment of sustainability was carried out by comparing it with traditional stove. The study was
carried out in two parts. Firstly a reconnaissance survey was carried out to estimate the aerosol
levels of traditional and energy efficient stoves, secondly questionnaire based survey was carried
out to gauge the Effectiveness of EE stoves, Roof Hatch Window (RHW) and Poly Ethylene (PE)
foam along with the consumptive patterns of fuel wood for both type of stoves. The aerosol levels
for both type of revealed that traditional stoves have very low levels of aerosol levels (Particulate
matter) as compared to EE stoves. The questionnaire results clearly showed that EE stoves with
water warming facility are less popular among the locals due to defectively engineered structure
and high fuel wood consumption patterns. Study also revealed that locals are more inclined
towards the components of energy efficient Roof Hatch Windows and PE foam because they are
appropriate for summer and winter season with good design and durability. Therefore it is
recommended that there is need to combine the traditional stove and EE products i.e. RHW and
PE foam to make them popularize among the locals and to induce more sustainable practices.
Keywords: Energy Efficient; Biogas; Particulate matter, Renewables; Pakistan
ICESD-87
Gasification: A Paradigm shift from Non-Renewable to Renewable Energy
Khadija Sadiq, Asma Ghaffar, Dr. Engg. Abdullah Yasar, Dr. Amtul Bari Tabinda
The thermo-chemical process of converting combustible waste either from industrial sector,
agricultural sector or the municipal solid waste into the useful form of energy in controlled method
is known as the gasification technique. This technique resolves many current environment
deteriorating issues like sustainable management of waste, production of clean and green fuel
along with the energy by using waste as renewable energy source and most importantly the
reduction of green house gases which are the major culprits of global warming and climate change
phenomenon. Everything produced as waste has some energy content present in it either the
biomass, or something like sludge or black liquior. This energy is being utilized in the gasification
process. There are different feed stocks used in this process but the most efficient form is to mix
the different waste or even the homogenous waste than densify the waste into pellets, this is known
as the refuse derived fuel (RDF). This reduces the volume of waste by about more than 80% and
densify the waste so that energy content of waste also increases. The waste usually produced as a
result of gasification technique is bottom ash, this has also ability to be further used in gasification
technique or it can be used in the bioremediation technique as it has the ability to absorb the heavy
metals. The efficiency of gasification can be improved by reducing the ash content, this can be
achieved by operating it at high temperature. Among all other techniques to manage waste the
gasification is most suitable technique. It has lowest global warming potential (GWP) as compared
with the other techniques like incineration and landfilling. The studies show that the incineration
technique contribute three times more in GHG emission as compared with the gasification
technique. Moreover, gasification technique has ability to decrease the carbon dioxide emissions
by about 2% per year as compared with the current emissions from the open dumping of waste.
Similarly, it reduces the carbon dioxide emissions by 6% per year contributed by the burning of
fossil fuel to produce energy. So the gasification technology is considered to be the most
environment friendly technique and is desired by the researchers.
ICESD-88
Integration of Environmental Aspects in Secondary Level Science Education Curricula In
Pakistan
Asma Javed, Nadia Akhtar*, Muhammad Irfan Khan
Department of Environmental Science, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
[email protected] Tel. 92-51-9019820
Today, environmental education is a successful way of preventing environmental problems and
sustainable development and is very important for countries where financial resources for
addressing environmental issues are limited. In such countries, the role of contents of school
curriculum is the crucial in implementing and sustaining environment-based education. As part of
the strategy for raising environmental awareness with responsible attitudes amongst the population
through the formal school system and to implement its Education Policy, the Federal government
has introduced integration of environmental aspects in primary, elementary and secondary
education curricula. In this study, the contents of the books of Biology, Chemistry and Physics
developed by Federal Board Intermediate and Secondary Education for class 9th and 10th were
reviewed and examined against Bloom’s Taxonomy for infusion of environmental component in
secondary education’s science curricula. The results indicated that more emphasis is on knowledge
(cognitive domain) component about environmental problems than the component of skills
(psychomotive domain) and very little emphasis is on common attitudes (affective domain)
towards environment. The study also identified gaps with reference to developing problem solving
skills and environmental appreciation among students. It has been concluded that the integration
of environmental aspects is not balanced in the existing science education curricula at secondary
level. The study suggested for a study for assessment of competences of teachers to deliver such
component and knowledge of students against infused environmental education contents.
Keywords: environment; science; curriculum; infusion; secondary; education
ICESD-89
Using of Begass for the Removal Of Hexavalent Chromium From Tanneries Waste Water
and Health Risk Assessment
Mehwish Rubab, Muhammad Afzaal
Sustainable Development Study Center, GC University Lahore
Leather tanning industry is considered as one of the largest economic sector in Pakistan and Kasur
is the second largest leather producing city in Punjab and it is also associated with critical
environmental concerns due to release of toxic chemicals in fresh water by leather industries. The
most widely used method is the chrome tanning that discharge carcinogenic hexavalent chromium
at different stages of tanning process. The present research focus on the treatment of tanneries
waste water with low cost adsorbent begass and the removal efficiency is 96% which ultimately
low the health risk index of population in that affected area of tanning industries. Effluent water
samples were collected by using grab sampling techniques. Four samples of two chrome tanning
industries were collected followed by four samples of main discharge stream. The distance of 200
meter was maintained between these four sites and finally two samples were collected from Kasur
Treatment Waste Agency (KTWA).Different parameters were adopted to study the pollution level
including PH, COD, BOD, TSS, TDS and Cr(VI).The adsorption of hexavalent chromium is
investigated at different level of PH and concentration of chromium. Exposure of population to
these contaminants develops asthma, dermatitis, hepatic, neurological and ulceration of skin. To
tackle this serious environmental challenge, Environmental regulations with law enforcement
should be exercised to use the treatment processes by leather industries before discharge into
environment. Polluter must know the environmental cost of their industry and treated according to
precautionary or polluter pays principles.
ICESD-90
Agro-waste Gasifier; An Alternate Cooking Energy Source For Rural Households
Muhammad Masood Khan 1WWF-Pakistan
[email protected] Tel. +92 333 6465652
Agro-waste gasifier works on the basic principle of gasification converting the biomass to
synthesis gas (syngas) or producer gas. Agro-waste gasifier developed by WWF-Pakistan under
its project ‘Agro-waste community enterprise for provision of alternate energy for households and
small-businesses’ (AWARE), is a low-cost yet clean source of energy for household cooking and
uses agro-waste as fuel. Generally agro-wastes are openly burnt in brick kilns, hence leads to
emission of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. While biomass gasification to produce
combustible gas is one of the promising sustainable energy options available in current scenario.
The tests carried out by WWF-Pakistan revealed that fuelwood consumption on an average for
medium sized family of 5-6 people is 240 Kg per month (30 days) using traditional wood stove
and cost spent on fuel wood is PKR 3240 (PKR. 13.5 per Kg). While agro-waste gasifier provides
10-12% more cooking time than traditional stove, so it consumed 24 Kg less fuel (ago-waste).
Likewise, the cost spent on fuel source (agro-waste) is PKR 648 (PKR. 3 per Kg) per month. On
average, fuel consumption in agro-waste gasifier was 216 Kg per month (30 days) for a medium
sized family of 5-6 people. Therefore, by switching to agro-waste gasifier, households saved on
an average PKR.2592 (PKR 3240-PKR 648) per month. The cost of agro-waste gasifier (one
complete unit) ranges from Rs. 3000 to 3300 depending on its size and quality of fabrication
material used, thus the payback period is about 30 to 40 days. These results indicate that agro-
waste gasifier has the potential to meet the domestic fuel requirements of rural communities.
Moreover, agro-waste used as a fuel is locally available in abundance form and is less expensive.
Keywords: Bioenergy; Biogas; Sustainable energy, Renewables; Pakistan
ICESD-91
Energy Efficiency Auditing of Polyester Textile Industry
Rizwan Rasheed, Arfa Shahid
Government College University Lahore
The energy efficiency auditing in which the Energy Management Standard ISO 50001:2011 is the
effective way to conserve energy. In this study, electricity consumption data was collected from
the three major halls of Reshma Textile Industry Lahore which includes production hall, cotton
hall and twisting and sizing hall. With the maximum capacity of running load 500KW, 350KW,
1200KW respectively including all machines and motors. Also, monthly electricity bills of these
processing halls were collected from the month October 2016 to February 2017. An Energy audit
was conducted in the twisting and sizing hall of the industry and by conservation strategies of the
motors machines and ILER measurement was calculated to estimate the annual energy wastage
842.4 KW/h/annum of the light emission. Good housekeeping through routine practices results in
the cost saving of 86,8691PKR in day light harvesting, 18667PKR when the electrical equipment’s
are shut down. Efficiency check of the motor was also measured on the basis of horse power. The
lower efficiency motor was suggested to replace with the efficient motor, with the use of formula
replacing 2.5KW motor results in the energy saving of 439PKR per year and it can payback within
its actual cost.. These alternatives are suggested and measured to conserve maximum amount of
electricity which derived out to be an operative way.
Keywords: Efficiency; Energy Efficiency; Sustainable energy, Energy Auditing; Pakistan
ICESD-92
Wastewater Treatment Using Membrane Bioreactor
Dil Afroz
Government college university Lahore
[email protected] Tel:923484141769
Membrane bioreactor is a technique through which wastewater is treated which was introduced in
1960s.The arrangement of bioreactor and membrane separate technology is leading towards an
innovative application of technology for wastewater treatment. With the help of membrane
application we come across a very compact wastewater treatment system giving rise to a very high
effluent quality. Membrane bioreactors has been applied successfully for landfill leachate,
agricultural waste and industrial streams to treat the concentrated wastewater. The treatment of
wastewater goes from primary treatment to bioreactor removal of carbonaceous material. Some of
the methods which are most common are submerged membrane into the activated sludge and new
membrane techniques like transfer flow modules, have created wide spread application of
membrane bioreactor technique.One of the main fact about MBRs is there is no any separate tank
for settling instead of the settling tank they have compact membranes which are used to treat
wastewater. Membrane bioreactors produces a very high quality and largely disinfected effluent
therefore especially suitable for reuse purposes they have no bacterial disinfections due to compact
and small pores or sieves having aperture size that is ranging from150-4000 micrometer through
which bacteria and virus free water is taken out. This unlock opportunities for far going reuse of
wastewater, by decreasing sludge production, smaller footprint and operate at a very low DO with
all together nitrification bioreactors for wastewater treatment. But it cost lot of energy, capital cost
is also very high and the membrane replacement is costly too.
Key words: membrane filtration, wastewater, membrane bioreactor, landfill leachate, transfer
flow modules.
ICESD-93
Use of Coal Fly Ash in Wastewater Treatment
Muhammad Faisal Irshad
[email protected], Tel:- +923084015300
Coal is a non-renewable source of energy, comprises of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, Sulphur, and
nitrogen. This review critically analyses the use of coal fly ash, and coal fly ash derived zeolites
which are microporous aluminosiliceous minerals. Because of their excellent ion exchange
capacity, high surface territory and one of a kind pore attributes, zeolites have been utilized for the
removal of heavy metals and dyes from industrial sludge’s, wastewater from domestic and
industrial sources. The zeolite materials were portrayed by AFM, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, BET and
surface vitality estimations to layout the crystalline and morphology changes. The zeolite-type
substrates were obtained by using the fly ashes modified through hydrothermal processes using a
low concentration of NaOH, in order to get maximum efficiency to remove heavy metals the
adsorption conditions (contact time, initial concentration and optimum amount of substrate) were
improved. The outcomes show that the substrate composite with fly ash altered can be utilized as
an efficient and low cost adsorbent for synchronous evacuation of heavy metals and dyes.
Keywords: Coal Fly Ash, Zeolite, Heavy metals, Dyes, Wastewater
ICESD-94
A Sustainable Alternative Waste Water Treatment Technology; Constructed Wetlands
Fizza Tahir, Abdullah Yasar
Sustainable Development Study Center, GC University Lahore
The rapid urbanization and industrialization has put stress on water resources. The most important
current challenges that pose affect to the ecosystem are water scarcity and wastewater
management. The poor management policies and increased anthropogenic activities by human
have led to water shortages, now faced by humanity. The estimates have shown that developing
countries will run out of water by 2050. This is an issue of concern and along with a challenge to
find alternative treatment wastewater methods. To mitigate the problem of excessive water
pollution, a low cost natural option of constructed wetlands is considered. Constructed wetlands
uses the natural processes of wetland and require specific conditions for enabling the physio-
chemical and biological processes. A constructed wetland is an effective, less expensive (as
compared to other technologies), has the potential to achieve high treatment efficiencies, is also
an environmental friendly approach and considered as sustainable systems for treating wastewater.
Keywords: Water issues, Wastewater, Effective technology, Constructed wetland
ICESD-95
Attitudes and Perspectives of University Students about Biodiversity Conservation Projects
of Pakistan
Muhammad Umer Hayat, Hifza Butt, Samrah Batool
Government College University Lahore
[email protected] Tel. 03204806818
Biodiversity conservation is very significant for enhanced progress and improved socio-economic
life. Richness of species in Pakistan is indicated by its flora and fauna and endemic species.
Pakistan’s mammals, birds, insects and plants are becoming threatened due to increasing
environmental pressures. This study examines the perception, attitudes and behaviors of young
students regarding biodiversity conservation. A questionnaire survey was administered to assess
the knowledge as well as perception of young university students about biodiversity. Our one of
the main focus was to explore that how much they know and obey the wildlife rules and
regulations. Favorable attitudes towards wildlife conservation were high among the youth. 81.5%
students considered that wildlife conservation is necessary. It was seen in the questionnaire that
most of the students were trusting NGOs for giving funds and not to Government agencies.
Whereas the majors goals of country are to be achieved by Government organizations. An open
ended question was asked to the respondents about the iconic species of Pakistan. The reason for
asking this question was to assess the knowledge and awareness of respondents regarding wildlife,
and assessing gaps of knowledge of students about biodiversity of Pakistan and give
recommendations for having a better and efficient educational system for improving and
enhancing knowledge and attitudes of students for biodiversity. National level conservation laws
and policies are required that should be implemented from national to local level so that their
monitoring can be effective and maximum outcomes can be achieved. With the increasing youth
involvement, participation of organization should be steadily phased out. This will help youth for
becoming self-dependent and increase the impacts on the community in maintaining their
environment positively.
Keywords: Biodiversity, Attitude, Conservation, Perception, Wildlife; Pakistan
ICESD-96
Role of Activated Carbon in Waste Water Treatment
Muhammad Ibtihaj Shabbir
Government College University Lahore
[email protected]:923126161165
Activated carbon has been recognized one of the oldest and wide used adsorbent for the waste
water treatment for removing organic and inorganic pollutants. The applying of activated
carbon in adsorption method is principally depends on the surface chemistry and pore structure of
porous carbons. With the assistance of activated carbon application we tend to
encounter awfully compact waste water treatment system giving rise to awfullyhigh effluent
quality. Activated carbon has been applied with success for the removal of endocrine disrupting
chemicals represents 2 categories of rising contaminants that are ubiquitously present in municipal
waste effluents. Many membrane varieties and applications were evaluated at pilot and full scale
however granular activated carbon was evaluated at bench-scale. Microfiltration and ultrafiltration
were found to reject only a few target compounds however granular activated carbon was
extremely effective at removing all target chemicals. Modified activated carbons are carbonaceous
adsorbents that have tetra butyl ammonium iodide (TBAI) and sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate
(SDDC) immobilized at their surface. This modification technique enhance the
removal capability of carbon and so decreases efficient removal of Cu(II), Zn(II), Cr(VI) and CN−
from metal finishing (electroplating unit) waste. Throughout the last decade, many physico-
chemical and biological techniques are developed to get rid of color from textile wastewaters. The
role of activated carbon is flexible it acts as a dye adsorbent, not solely in simple adsorption
process however additionally in activated carbon enhanced coagulation and membrane filtration
processes, generate strong oxidizing agents largely, OH radicals in chemical dye oxidation,
catalyzes OH production in advanced oxidation processes anaerobic dye reduction and supports
biofilm growth in microorganism dye removal. In this paper these modifications
ways are reviewed and therefore the potential of surface changed activated carbons towards water
treatment has been mentioned. This literary criticism is geared toward providing
precise information on efforts created by varied researchers within the field of surface modification
of activated carbon for pollution management.
Key words: Activated carbon; Endocrine disruptor; Pharmaceutical; Carbonaceous adsorbents;
Catalyzes; textile wastewater.
ICESD-97
Economic Potential of Plastic PET Bottle Recycling and Degradation in Lahore Pakistan
Laraib Fatima, Abdullah Yasar, Amtul Bari Tabinda, Rizwan Rasheed
Sustainable Development Study Center, GC University Lahore
[email protected] Tel. 03204778024
The focus of the study was the economic potential of mechanical recycling in the city of Lahore.
The economic potential was calculated by the cost benefit analysis using the three economic
indicators which are benefits to cost ratio (B/C), Net present value (NPV), Payback time. The main
study area was the recycling of the post-consumer PET bottles. The data was collected through the
recycling company established in the outskirts of Lahore. The analysis showed the benefits to cost
ratio of the 0.22 rupees, which was the profit per spending one rupee on the recycling of PET. Also
the NPV obtained was negative (i.e. -2,018,246), the pay back and NPV was considered for the
eight years of the past and future working years of the recycling. The effectiveness of the
mechanical recycling of the PET was predicted to be less beneficial for the future waste load of
the investment of the processes and activities wasn’t improved or enhanced and according to the
payback period it requires more than 7 years to recover the initial investment of the project, if it
wasn’t improved for the future waste load of the plastic waste. The enhancement of the PET
recycling practices on the large scale as proper industry could convert it into the profitable
business.
Keywords: mechanical recycling; Post consumer PET bottles; economic indicators; effectiveness
ICESD-98
Application Of Advance Oxidation Processes For Removal Of Color, Tss , Cod And Bod
From Textile Wastewater
Muhammad Rehman Majeed
Sustainable Development Study Center, GC University Lahore
The study based on treatment of textile effluents by advance oxidation processes. The one of the
main advantage of AOPs that it generates low waste.In this study three sample are collected from
textile industry and analyzed for various parameters such as Total Suspended Solid (TSS),
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), pH and Color removal
from the wastewater.As a comparison to other treatment such as biological process are taken longer
time and toxic metals in the effluent prevents growth of microorganism. The pollution parameters
such as COD and BOD indicate the significant reduction in pollutants of all three samples by
advance oxidation processes.
ICESD-99
Climate Change Policy And Urban Intervention On The Basis Of Analysis Of National
Climate Change Policy And New Master Plan
Mahad Ali
[email protected], Tel# 0323-4598906
Pakistan adds little fraction of global greenhouse gas emissions, yet it is one of the countries which
is at high risk to climate change. Climate change can be defined as an alteration in weather pattern
and conditions. Climate change adaptation refers to the changing in infrastructure, institutions, or
ecosystems to resist to the impacts of climate change. Climate change adaptation planning and
implementation exist at local and national level. It has been recognized as necessary to the political
and economic survival of least developed countries such as Pakistan. Because geology of Pakistan
sits at the intersection of the five major river basins, and features flat deltaic topography with low
elevation, it is prone to a multitude of climate related events such as flood, drought, tropical
cyclones and storm surges. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of mainstreaming
efforts regarding climate change adaptation in Pakistan. Provincial governments worldwide are
increasingly introducing adaptation actions and climate responses in their policies and agendas,
but the speed and success of these initiatives vary widely depending upon the implementation
strategies. We focus on climate policies and urban interventions in Pakistan, specifically on the
analysis of documents related to the National Climate Change Policy and New Master Plan.
Keywords: Climate Change, National Climate Change Policy, Master Plan
ICESD-100
Electrocoagulation Process In Wastewater Treatment: A Review Of Electrocoagulation
Passivation Of Electrodes And Cod Removal In Different Types Of Wastewater
Mahad Ali & Mujtaba Baqar
[email protected] Tel# 0323-4598906
Electrocoagulation process of wastewater treatment has been the area of interest from decades and
very diverse field of study according to the treatment applications of wastewater. This process of
treatment is used to neutralize the drinking water and treatment of industrial, agricultural, urban,
landfill leachate so as to increase the simultaneous reduction of dissolved, suspended and colloidal
pollution. These also include portions to theoretical understanding, arrangement, design, inter-
electrode distance, type and material of electrodes, and optimum conditions, and even techno-
economic analysis. Even though, many advantages and disadvantages highlighted in the literature
with respect to the type, volume and different concentration pollution in wastewater. This paper
presents a detailed review on its development, suitable process for single industry and best process
for immediate COD removal process in a very short time. The most recent advances on EC are
summarized with special attention on major issues that still constitute the cornerstone of EC: COD
removal performance in the presence of NaCl concentration, theoretical understanding of
mechanism governing pollution reduction, and techno-economic optimization. Finally, outlooks
for future research and developments are suggested.
Keywords: Electrocoagulation, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
ICESD-101
Assessment of Human Exposure to Some Poly-Chlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in District
Lahore
Maida Kanwal, AarfaTufail and Dr. Abdul Qadir
College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), a widespread and ignored chemical agent, are a worth
considering environmental issue now a day. They can cause adverse impacts on human heath, and
can pass from generations to generations through maternal plasma, umbilical plasma, and milk.
The study revolves around the concentration of PCBs found in maternal plasma. Samples of
women right after delivering child, were collected from 10 different sites of Lahore, including 5
urban and 5 rural areas. PCBs were extracted from plasma and analyzed by using Gas
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). The most contributing class of PCBs found was
Tetra-chlorobiphenyls followed by Penta-chlorobiphenyls, Tri-chlorobiphenyls, Hexa-
chlorobiphenyls, Hepta-chlorobiphenyls, Octa-chlorobiphenyls, and Deca-chlorobiphenyls.
Average value of PCBs found in Lahore was 294 ng/g, and average values of PCBs in urban and
rural areas were found to be 50.80 ng/g and 33.29 ng/g, respectively. Results of study support the
relation of age, number of children and locality with concentration of PCBs. It has been concluded
by results that urban areas have higher concentrations of PCBs than rural areas because urban areas
are more prone to anthropogenic activities,a major source of PCBs.
ICESD-102
Waste Water Treatment through Membrane Bioreactor - Review
Muhammad Arslan
Government College University
[email protected] Tel.:0312-6927827
The total amount of waste water produced in Pakistan is 6414 106m3y-1. In Pakistan, waste water
treatment methods are electrocoagulation, ozonation, vermifiltration, reverse osmosis, forward
osmosis, catalytic wet air oxidation, up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), aerated lagoons,
trickling filters, moving bed biofilms carriers, aerobic granulation and so on. The biological
removal of pollutants from the environment is more sustainable and cost effective. The Membrane
Bioreactor methods of great importance. The Bioreactors not only clarify the activated sludge but
also filter the harmful pollutants in a single step. The treatment of industrial waste water is much
important now a days. The biodegradation of organic pollutants is the advancement of this
technology. This release the pollutant pressure and speed up the treatment or removal of targeted
pollutant. The literature study reveals that there is no major study present which shows that major
organic pollutant degraded by using this technique. This review deals with the comprehensive
study of Waste water treatment technologies from industries and particularly by the use of MBR.
Keywords: MBR, Waste Water Treatment, Sludge Research
ICESD-103
Comparative Analysis of Sustainable Agricultural Techniques in Narang Mandi Punjab
Nida Bawar, Afshan Shahid
Sustainable agriculture is considered to be the backbone of sustainable development of any
country. Sustainable agriculture included those practices that meet societal current and future
needs for food and healthy lives and maximize net benefit to the society. The aim of the study was
to analyze conventional and sustainable agriculture techniques, their impact on soil and water
resources and cost benefit analysis to explore economic efficiencies of both techniques. The study
was based upon comparative evaluation of conventional and sustainable agriculture techniques,
various methods were performed to analyze soil and water parameters. Results also indicated that
due to highly practiced conventional techniques soil quality had been declined e.g high alkalinity
(mean pH=8.3± 2.3& pH=8.5±2), high concentration of sodium ion (mean Na ion=6.5±0.4
meq/100g and 7.4±0.2 meq/100g) in Mukeem Shah and Mehta Suja respectively. High EC in Burj
also indicated poor quality of soil. Decrease in soil fertility had been seen due to least mean organic
matter, organic carbon 0.46%±0.02, 0.79±0.3 % in Keranwali and (0.54%±0.02, 0.93%±0.05) in
Nangal. Result showed that excessive usage of fertilizers for example required amount of urea was
21 kg and applied fertilizers amount was 90 kg. Survey showed that although sustainable
agriculture techniques like rotavator, laser leveling, harvester and good quality of seed had high
cost but its yield and benefits were also high for wheat and rice crops. For example, super basmati
rice had high cost and benefit as well. The ratio of traditional land was more as compared to
practiced land.
ICESD-104
Different Techniques of Wastewater Treatment by Forward Osmosis.
Nida Bawar
Government College University Lahore
Water scarcity is an issue that converts the World attention towards the water conservation. For
the reuse of waste water different techniques are used. Forward Osmosis(FO) is one of the
technique that receive much attention to treat the wastewater. This technique is a physical
phenomenon and primarily consist of natural material but with the passage of time industries pay
attention to this technique and synthetic material is used along with natural material. A hybrid
Advanced membrane fabrication method added value to the FO. Different other membranes like
film composite, surface modified, mix matrix also used. These membranes have their cons and
pros. An Osmotic Membrane bioreactor is another type of membrane that contain a submerged FO
membrane system that is more efficient to remove the to remove the waste by Draw Solution(DS).
Sludge can produce a fouling, due to the deposit of small mineral particles on membrane. In FO
we can reduce the fouling by installing another membrane and control the fouling process that is
produce due to the nutrients(P and N).
ICESD-105
Treatment and Extraction of Nickel from Edible Oil Waste Sludge and Its Particle Size
Analysis through PXRD (Powder X-Ray Diffraction)
Rabia Shaukat; Dr. Abdullah yasar; Dr. A.B. Tabinda; Dr. Rizwan Rasheed; Aniza naveed
Government College University Lahore
[email protected] Cell: +92-334-0422654
Waste heavy metals issue has become challenging for the global industrial sector. From the last
two decades, nickel waste has taken the attention of global researchers to recycle this toxic and
expensive rare earth metal. Nickel based catalyst have been used widely for the hydrogenation of
vegetable oils but its fast activity rate gets reduced after 5-6 years. After that nickel leaches out
into ground water causing toxicity both in water and solid form which could be recovered through
environmental friendly methods. The purpose of this study was to recover nickel sulfate from
waste nickel catalyst by using acid leaching and the estimation of unknown samples by using UV-
VISIBLE spectrophotometer. For the maximum recovery of nickel, best conditions were 33%
concentration of sulfuric acid, 40 min for digestion, 1:4 solid –liquid ratio and temperature 60oC.
At temperature, higher than 60oC (80oC) the percentage extraction of nickel get reduced. The
nickel was recovered from waste nickel catalyst in the form of sulfate salt (NiSO4) having 85%
yield, with 90% nickel purity. The size of nickel present in waste nickel catalyst was estimated
19.56nm by using XRD (powder X-ray diffraction). The specific surface area of Ni was (SSA:
0.47m^2/g), and that of NiSO4 was (SSA: 0.43m^2/g). For the analysis of results, different
methods and techniques were used which include calibration curves, PXRD technique (powder X-
ray diffraction), DLS (dynamic light scattering), UV-visible spectrophotometer. These techniques
and methods were used for the estimation and determination of nickel and nickel sulfate present
in the waste sample (spent nickel catalyst). All the methods and test used in this study were
according to APHA standards 2012 (American Public Health Association). The results indicated
that in waste nickel catalyst a considerable amount of nickel was present which can be recovered
in the form of sulfate salt (nickel sulfate NiSO4).
Key words: Spent nickel catalyst, ultrasonication, sulfuric acid, leaching kinetics, particle size,
XRD
ICESD-106
Treatment of Food Industry Wastewater Using Microbial Fuel Cell
Sameen Salman, Ahmad Iqbal
Government College University Lahore
[email protected] 03208520395
Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) were studied as treatment technology for wastewater of food
industry. Salt bridge was used to separate aerobic cathode and anaerobic anode chamber in a dual
chambered MFC reactor. Wastewater was used as anolyte where microorganisms break down the
organic matter while NaCl solution was used as catholyte with Carbon electrodes as anode and
cathode. Removal efficiencies of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand
(COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were recorded after the
MFC process as 38.6%, 41.8%, 29.8% and 24.3%, respectively. The Open Circuit Voltage and
current produced increased as the microbes present in it continued to degrade the organic matter.
The voltage and current output were stabilized after reaching maximum readings of 0.90V and
1.059 mA, respectively in total duration of 240 hours. These results have shown that mediator or
catalyst less dual chambered Microbial fuel cells can be used for simple and efficient energy
transformation from waste water of food industries and could be taken into account as a new
technology or method with low operating cost of treatment plant.
Keywords: Microbial Fuel Cell, Food Industry, Wastewater Treatment, Electricity Generation
ICESD-107
Transforming Industrial Effluent to Bio-Energy Trough UASB Reactor: A Path to Energy
Self-Sufficiency
Muhammad Shahzad, Abdullah Yasar, Mohsin Ali
Sustainable Development Study Center, GCU Lahore, Pakistan
[email protected] Tel.+92 324 4824084
Various environmental challenges are linked with, recovery, storage and treatment of industrial
effluents. Energy recovery through biogas production from industrial effluents has made Upflow
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) an attractive treatment option. In UASB reactor, hydrolytic,
acidogenic, acetogenic, and methanogenic bacteria are involved in biogas generation. Digestion of
1 kilogram of COD, yield 0.39m3 of methane, which amounts to 13.5 MJ of methane energy.
Digestion process requires optimal operational conditions, such as organic load rate, pH,
temperature, influent wastewater and level of granulation. Heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Ni, Cd, Zn and
Pb) are found to inhibit the biogas generation process. Costs of operation and maintenance of
UASB reactors can be remunerated with energy recovered from reactors. Depletion of natural
resources and rate of global climatic changes can be reduced by replacing fossil fuels with biogas.
Keywords: UASB; Industrial Effluent; Bio-energy; GHG emission
ICESD-108
Comparative Evaluation of Growth Pattern of Reddish Vegetable after Application of
Different Amendments under Chromium Stress
Warda tahira
Food security decreases in these days due to shortage of food and crops growth mainly owing to
the presence of heavy metal in soil. Goal of this research was to reduce heavy metal stress in soil
and introduce a new method of enhancing crop production by using TiO2 Nano particles and
Biochar amendments. The Biochar was prepared by pyrolization at 400 degree centigrade for 4
hours and size of particles was less than 5mm diameter. The pure and doped TiO2 Nanoparticles
was prepared in lab and average size of particles was 65nm.The particles were characterized by
using Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron
Microscopy which revealed about elemental composition, size, crystalline structure and
morphology of nanoparticles and biochar material respectively. The soil was amended with 200mg
TiO2 nanoparticles, 1% Biochar mango and 3% Biochar Jaman were also characterized employing
same techniques. The seed of reddish crop was used with Biochar and TiO2 particles being
employed as soil amendments and plant parameters Chlorophyll (a), (b) content, phenolic
concentration, root and shoot length and MDA concentrations were measured. Most promising
results in terms of heavy metal immobilization were marked where a mixture of biochar and
Titania nanoparticles amendment was applied.