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ABSTRACT BOOK 1st WORLD CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE LIFE SCIENCES
WOCOLS 2019
30th June-07th July 2019
Budapest, HUNGARY
Web: http://woscun.wocols.com
1
ABSTRACT BOOK
1st WORLD CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE LIFE SCIENCES
WOCOLS 2019
30th June-07th July 2019
Budapest, HUNGARY
Editors
Asst. Prof. Dr. Aziz Satana
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sahane Funda Arslanoglu
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Fırat Baran
ISBN: 978-975-6478-98-1
i
COMMITTEES
Conference Chairman
Asst. Prof. Dr. Aziz Satana, Erciyes University, Turkey
Conference Secretary
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sahane Funda Arslanoglu, Ondokuz Mayıs University,
Turkey
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Fırat Baran, Siirt University, Turkey
Organizing Committee
Sevda Esma Daraman, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey
Arife Şimşek, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey
Merve Göre, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey Mehmet Can, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey
Hasan Alp Şahin, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey
Tolga Ayeri, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey
Taiypov Alybek, Szent Istvan University, Hungary
Scientific Committee
Prof. Dr. Marisol Berti, North Dakota State University, USA
Prof. Dr. Elias M. Elias, North Dakota State University, USA
Prof. Dr. Ted C. Helms, North Dakota State University, USA
ii
Prof. Dr. Burton L. Johnson, North Dakota State University, USA
Prof. Dr. Fatih Duman, Erciyes University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Murat Deveci, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Hakan Ulukan, Ankara University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Gökçen Yuvalı Çelik, Erciyes University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Halil Kırnak, Adnan Menderes University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Munis Dündar, Erciyes University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Peter Pepo, University of Debrecen, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Chiwon Lee, North Dakota State University, USA
Prof. Dr. Jose Villareal Quintanilla, Universidad Autonoma Agraria
Antonio Narro, Mexico
Prof. Dr. Juan A. Encina Dominguez, Universidad Autonoma Agraria
Antonio Narro, Mexico
Prof. Dr. Radka Ivanova, Agricultural University-Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Prof. Dr. Talat Özpozan, Erciyes University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Rüya Yılmaz, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Cengiz Toker, Akdeniz University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Adnan Orak, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. İbrahim Demir, Ankara University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Abdul Wahid, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
Prof. Dr. Shahzad Maqsood Ahmad Basra, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Pakistan
Prof. Dr. Nusret Zencirci, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Emel Uslu, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Aziz Karakaya, Ankara University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Didem Arpalı, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Turkey
iii
Prof. Dr. Cem Özkan, Ankara University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Mehmet Emin Çalışkan, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University,
Turkey
Prof. Dr. Nazan Dağüstü, Uludağ University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Mohamed Mergoum, University of Georgia, USA
Prof. Dr. Adnan Akyüz, North Dakota State University, USA
Prof. Dr. Sreekala Bajwa, Montana State University, USA
Prof. Dr. İsa Özaydın, Kafkas University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Mithat Şahin, Kafkas University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Narin Liman, Erciyes University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Zafer Gönülalan, Erciyes University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Erkan Gönülol, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Tinatin Doolotkeldieva, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University,
Kyrgyz Republic
Prof. Dr. Hristo BELOEV, University of Ruse, Bulgaria
Prof. Dr. Ladislav Nozdrovický, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra,
Slovak Republic
Prof. Dr. Hsin Chi, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
Prof. Dr. Mirza Barjees Baig, King Saud University, the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia
Prof. Dr. Herák David, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech
Republic
Prof. Dr. Wang Yingkuan, Jiangsu University, China
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nurettin Tahsin, Agricultural University-Plovdiv,
Bulgaria
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Murat Muştu, Erciyes University, Turkey
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Elvan Bakar, Trakya University, Turkey
iv
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sibel Day, Ankara University, Turkey
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sahane Funda Arslanoglu, Ondokuz Mayıs University,
Turkey
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Amitava Chatterjee, North Dakota State University, USA
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cristian Popescu, University of Pitesti, Romania
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Monica Popescu, University of Pitesti, Romania
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Fırat Baran, Siirt University, Turkey
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Reza Amirnia, Urmia University, Iran
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aleksandar Anastasovski, International Balkan
University, Republic of North Macedonia
Assoc, Prof, Dr. Yuriy Kravchenko, National University of Life and
Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Francesco Nocera, University of Catania, Italy
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aliyev Zakir Huseinoglu, National Academy of Sciences,
Azerbaijan
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Francesco Nocera, University of Catania, Italy
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Iduna Arduini, University of Pisa, Italy
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Charles Thomas Worley, The Ohio State University, USA
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Roswanira Abdul Wahab, University of Technolgy,
Malaysia
Asst. Prof. Dr. Ergin Erdem, Robert Morris University, USA
Asst. Prof. Dr. Gökhan Eğilmez, University of New Haven, USA
Asst. Prof. Dr. Rebekah Oliver, North Dakota State University, USA
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mukhlesur Rahman, North Dakota State University, USA
Asst. Prof. Dr. Aziz Satana, Erciyes University, Turkey
Asst. Prof. Dr. Abbey Wick, North Dakota State University, USA
Asst. Prof. Dr. Orhan Şahin, Iowa State University, USA
v
Asst. Prof. Dr. Anna Yarosh, National University of Life and
Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
Asst. Prof. Dr. Giorgos Mallinis, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
Asst. Prof. Dr. Vrizas Z, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
Asst. Prof. Dr. Safdar Bashir, Institute of Soil and Environmental
Sciences, Pakistan
Asst. Prof. Dr. Zubair Aslam, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad,
Pakistan
Asst. Prof. Dr. Zulfiqar Ahmad Saqib, Institute of Soil and Environmental
Sciences, UAF, Pakistan
Asst. Prof. Dr. Nabeel Niazi, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences,
UAF, Pakistan
Asst. Prof. Dr. Ali Dehastani, Institute for Agricultural Genetics and
Biotechnology, Iran
Asst. Prof. Dr. S. M. Rahaman, Bihar Agricultural University, India
Asst. Prof. Dr. Neeraj KHARE, Amity University Rajasthan, India
Dr. Adnan ABBAS, China Agricultural University, College of
Engineering, China
Dr. Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari, Islamic Azad University, Iran
Dr. Khurram YOUSAF, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
Dr. Sevim Z. Erhan, Eastren Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, USA
Dr. Aykut Gram, University of Zurich, Switzerland
Dr. Orsolya Balogh, University of Zurich, Switzerland
Dr. Giuseppe Giuliano, Studiogiuliano, Italy
Dr. Katerina Pazderu, Czech Univeristy of Life Sciences Prague, Czech
Republic
Dr. Vinayak S. Shedekar, the Ohio State University, USA
Dr. Denis Magnus Ken Amara, Njala University, West Africa
vi
Dr. Jaime Senabre, University of Alicante, Spain
Dr. Marcelo Huarte, National University of Mar del Plata, Argentina
Dr. Rafiq Islam, the Ohio State University, USA
Dr. Elham Motallebi, Garmsar Azad Eslami University, Iran
Dr. Mani Yousefi, Islamic Azad University Nour Branch, Iran
Dr. Abdelmotalab F. Kheiralla, University of Khartoum, Sudan
Dr. Tahir IGBAL, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Dr. Jiban Shrestha, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Nepal
Dr. Mohamed Faraj Edbeib, BaniWalid University, Bani Walid, Libya
Dr. Fahrul Zaman Huyopi, University of Technolgy, Malaysia
Anny Roelofsen, ISTA, Vinçotte ISACert Nederland, the Netherlands
KEYNOTE SPEAKERS
Dr. Katerina Pazderu, CULS, Prague, Czech Republic
Dr. Sevim Z. Erhan, USDA/Agricultural Research Service, USA
Giuseppe Giuliano, Colsultancy Firm, Italy
vii
Preface
Dear Colleagues,
We pleased and honored that “World Conference on Sustainable Life
Science (WOCOLS 2019)” was been held in Budapest, Hungary on 30th
June-07 July 2019.
WOCOLS 2019 promoted and disseminated the knowledge concerning
several topics and technologies related to life sciences.
The main goal of WOCOLS 2019 was to bring together researchers,
scientists and experts in universities, companies, institutions,
communities, agencies, associations and societies to provide them a
unique platform for sharing worldwide ideas well as the recent
developments on life sciences.
Thank you all for your great contributions to the conference.
Sincerely yours,
On Behalf of the Conference Organizing Committee
Asst. Prof. Dr. Aziz Satana, Chairman
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sahane Funda Arslanoglu, Secretary
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Fırat Baran, Secretary
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS Oral Presentations .......................................................................................................................... 1
Sustainable Bioproducts ............................................................................................................... 2
Seed Quality as a Solution to Decrease Environmental Stress in Changing Climate .................. 3
The Potential of Some Inland Disadvantaged Areas Deriving from Innovative Agricultural Crops
and Products ................................................................................................................................. 4
Renewable Energy Generation of Local Governments in Turkey ............................................... 5
An Assessment for the Protection of Historical Environment in Turkey: Konya Aziziye Mosque
...................................................................................................................................................... 6
Preliminary Tests for the Assessment of Some Commercial, Low Cost, Sensors for Measuring
the Taat-Liner Contatc Pressure ................................................................................................... 7
Briquettes from Sunflower Agri-Residues and their Physical-Mechanical Properties for Solidity
...................................................................................................................................................... 8
A Sustainable Approach for Restoration and Reforestation of Peatland Ecosystems for
Germplasm Conservation, Biodiversity Enhancement and Plantation Forestry .......................... 9
Some Physiological Impacts of Climate Change & Global Warming in Local Wheats (Triticum
spp.): A General Apprroach ...................................................................................................... 10
Selecting Spontanious Populations of Annual Medicago: Medicago Ciliaris, Medicago
Scutellata and Medicago Intertexta for Salt Tolerance by Measuring Gas Exchange and Plant
Morphological Parameters .......................................................................................................... 11
Variability Analysis of Local Goat Population and Biodiversity of Livestock Production System
in the Arganeraie of the Agadir Region in Morocco .................................................................. 13
Land Surface Temperature Retrieval Using Landsat 8 Imagery: A Case Study of .................... 14
Budapest, Hungary ..................................................................................................................... 14
Calculating Actual Evapotranspiration Using Landsat 8 Imagery: A Case Study of Budapest,
Hungary ...................................................................................................................................... 15
Strategıes and Methods for Improvıng Wheat Root Traıts in Raınfeed and Irrıgated-Lands:
Whıch Technıque is Further Effıcıent for Selectıon in Breedıng Programs? ............................. 16
Evaluation of Arsenic Pollution and the Effect of Arsenic on Branchybacterium
paraconglomeratum in Van Lake .............................................................................................. 17
Effect of Water Stress on the Agronomic Characteristics and on Water use Efficiency of four
Landraces of Basil (Ocimum Basilicum) .................................................................................... 18
Use of Intercropping for a Better Resource use Efficiency in a Mediterranean Climate ........... 19
Research on the Use of Alternative Herbicides in the Flax Crop (Linum Usitatissimum L.) ..... 20
ix
The Effect of The Biodynamic Preparations and Harvest Month of Quility Indicates in the Leaves
of White Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Grown in Lithuania ........................................................... 21
Carotenoid Content and Composition in Rose Hips (Rosa spp.) During Ripening ................... 22
Influence of Cultivar and Different Farming Systems on the Contents of Flavonoids in Potatoes
.................................................................................................................................................... 23
Effect of Different Salt Mixtures on Mineral Content and Sensory Characteristics of Spanish-
Style Table Olives (Cv Domat) .................................................................................................. 24
Use of Natural and Modified Walnut Shells for Zinc Removal from Aqueous Solutions ......... 25
Adsorption Modelling of Removal of Malachite Green Dye from Aqueous Solution Using
Natural and Biochar Butt ............................................................................................................ 26
Determination of Suitable Egg Laying Material in Mass Rearing of Predator Anthocoris Minki
Dohrn (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in Biological Control ........................................................... 27
Spider Biodiversity of Field Crops Cultivated in Tigris and Euphrates Basins, Turkey ............ 28
Identification of Turkish Extra Virgin Olive Oils Produced in Different Regions with Volatile
Components ................................................................................................................................ 29
Vitamin B12 Content in Blood Camel in Algeria ...................................................................... 30
Application of the Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach to Wastewater Treatment Plants in
the Black Sea Region of Turkey ................................................................................................. 31
Assessment of Deep Sea Discharge Systems Efficiency in the Eastern Black Sea Using Artificial
Neural Network: A Case Study for Trabzon, Turkey ................................................................. 32
Evaluation of Heavy Metal Enrichment and Pollution Degree in Contaminated Sediment
Environments at the Mid Black Sea Coast of Turkey ................................................................ 33
Mini Review: The Determination of Hsp Regions in Bumblebee by Qpcr ................................ 34
The Effect of Genotype and Sowing Times on Camelina [Camelina sativa L. (Crantz)] Oil
Content and Fatty Acid Composition ......................................................................................... 35
Determination of Field use Changes and Green Infrastructure System by Using Landscape
Methods: Erzurum City Example ............................................................................................... 36
Web-Based Urban Park Information System: A Case Study of Anneler Park, .......................... 38
Gaziantep-Turkey ....................................................................................................................... 38
Determination of the Quality of Green Areas in the City of Erzurum ....................................... 39
Determination of Genotype X Environmental Interactions and Stability of Yield Values in Pea
Genotypes ................................................................................................................................... 40
Silage in Turkey, Yesterday, Present and Future ....................................................................... 41
Isolation Adaptation and Determination of Microorganisms for Biodegradation of Phenol from
Wastewater. ................................................................................................................................ 43
Possible Roles of Insulin Signaling Pathway in Grooming Behavior ........................................ 45
x
Comparison of Nirs and Chemical Methods for the Some Quality Properties in Pea (Pisum
Sativum L.) .................................................................................................................................. 46
Novel Approaches to Utilize Agri-Food Wastes (By-Products) for Potential Food Industrial
Applications ................................................................................................................................ 47
In Different Regions, Evaluation of Yield and Morphological Characteristics of Registered
Chickpea (Cicerarietinum L.) Varieties ..................................................................................... 48
Ascochyta Blight (Ascochytarabiei ) Tolerance Of Registered Chickpea (Cicerarietinum L.)
Varieties at Southeastern Anatolia Region ................................................................................. 49
Antifungal Potential of Bacillus and Trichoderma Isolates Against Phytophthora Capsici Under
Laboratory Conditions ................................................................................................................ 50
Establishment of Entomopathogenic Fungi as Endophytes in Tomato Plants ........................... 51
Research on Special Aims of Enterprise According to Production Subject at Furniture
Industry ....................................................................................................................................... 52
The Important ın Terms of Health of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) ........................................ 53
Cbd and the Content of Cannabis Genotypes of Turkey ............................................................ 54
Research on Relation Level Among Management and Departments at Sme Furniture Enterprises
.................................................................................................................................................... 55
A Research on Raw Material Problem at Small and Medium Sized Furniture Enterprises in
Mersin Province, Turkey ............................................................................................................ 56
The Effects of Betaine and Zing on Growth Parameters of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) ....... 57
The Effects of Waste Lime and Raffinate on Growth Parameters of Sugar Beet (Beta
vulgaris L.) ................................................................................................................................. 58
IR & Raman Spectral Analysis through DFT Calculations of Ambrisentan .............................. 59
Theoretical Study of Begacestat used as a drug for Alzheimer Disease .................................... 60
Composite PBI based HTPE Membranes with 2D Vermiculite Nanolayers Aligned Through
Electric Field ............................................................................................................................... 61
Poster Presentations ..................................................................................................................... 62
Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Capability in Mono and Intercropping with Basil (Ocimum
basilicum L.) for Copper Phytoextraction by EDTA and Humic Acid ...................................... 63
Effects of Climate Conditions on Some Quantitative Traits of Burley Tobacco ....................... 64
The Effects of Hb-101 and Supplementary Fertilizers Foliar Application on the Yields and Some
Morphological and Quality Characteristics of Forage Sorghum (Sorghum
Bicolor L. Var. Speed Feed) ...................................................................................................... 65
Impact of Climatic Factors on the Production Properties of Some Varieties of Type Jaka ....... 67
The Influence of Food Fibers on the Consumer’s Health .......................................................... 68
xi
In Vitro Examination of the Effects of Some Fungicides on the Biocontrol Agent Trichoderma
harzianum – Contribution to the Compatibility in Tobacco Production .................................... 69
Physical Characteristics of the Leaf In Some Oriental Varieties And Lines Of ........................ 70
Yaka Tobacco ............................................................................................................................. 70
Microbiological quality assesment of food in children .............................................................. 71
Catalase-Co2+ Bionanohybrid (CatCoNh) .................................................................................. 73
Grazing of Local Breeds of Livestock as a Tool to Maintain Biodiversity of Grasslands in the
Polish Carpathians ...................................................................................................................... 74
Chemical Composition of Cardoon (Cynara Cardunculus L.) Grown in South Bulgaria ......... 75
Short Cırcuıt Analysıs of the Karadenız Regıon Energy Transmıssıon System ........................ 76
Observation of Pollution in Water and Sediments in Middle Black Sea Coast by Using Dgt
(Diffusive Gradients In Thin Films) Method ............................................................................. 77
Identification of Turkish Extra Virgin Olive Oils Produced in Different Regions by Using
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H AND 13C) and Isotope Ratio (13C/12C) Mass Spectroscopy . 78
Biodiversity, Life Forms and Chorology of Threatened Medicinal Plants on the Territory of
Bredhik Reserve (Sharr Mountain), Kosovo .............................................................................. 79
Physical Characteristics of the Leaf in Some Oriental Varieties and Lines of Yaka Tobacco .. 80
The Effect of Replacing Fish Oil with Sesame Oil on Sea Bream Liver Fatty Acid Composition
.................................................................................................................................................... 81
Stapolol E in Grape Seed Oil and Alcohol Damage to the Gastric Mucosa Membrane in Rats 82
Radon Therapy on the the Diseases Associated with Anthropogenic Factors ........................... 84
The Effect of Radon Inhalation on the Aggressiveness of Animals and the Neurochemical
Correlates .................................................................................................................................... 86
Effect of Storage on Volatile Compounds of Olive Oil: Flavors and off-Flavors ..................... 88
Volatile Constituents of the Aerial Parts of Pulicaria Arabica (L.) Cass. Growing Wild in Semi-
Arid Land (Algeria) .................................................................................................................... 89
Evaluating Water Quality of Some Selected Wells in Nenavah Governorate/North Iraq and it’s
Suitability for Agriculture and Human Consumption ................................................................ 90
Physico - Chemical Properties of Seed Oil of Rarely Grown Varieties of Grapes .................... 91
Essential Oil Composition of Aerial Parts from Algerian Anacyclus Monanthos Subsp.
Cyrtolepidioides (Pomel) Humphries ......................................................................................... 93
Productivity and Development Index in Tomatoes, Greenhouse Production ............................ 94
Screening of Ctx-M, Tem and Shv Β-Lactamases in Clinical Isolates of Escherichia
coli Collected From Fatih State Hospital in Turkey ................................................................... 95
Use of Artificial Neural Networks in Animal Science ............................................................... 96
xii
Temporomandibular Joint Surgery with Hyaluronic Acid ......................................................... 97
Effect of Microbial Fertilizer Treated Anatolian Sage (Salvia fruticosa (Mill.) Seeds on Seedling
Quality ........................................................................................................................................ 99
The Effect of Different Storage Conditions on Some Physiochemical Characteristics of
Anatolian Sage (Salvia fruticosa Mill.) .................................................................................... 100
Assessment of Acid Mine Drainage Pollution on Surface Water Around an Abandoned Mine,
Northern Portugal ..................................................................................................................... 101
Bioaccumulation of Arsenic and Heavy Metals by Spontaneous Vegetation from Tailings and
Contaminated Soils in Vale Das Gatas Mine, Northern Portugal ............................................ 102
Ethnobotanical Review of Herbal Tea Plants in Albania and Kosovo ..................................... 103
Endemic Plants in Flora of Shutman (Sharr Mountain), Kosovo - An Analysis of
Phytogeographical Elements and Life Forms ........................................................................... 104
Why Breast Cancer? Interest of the Question .......................................................................... 105
Analysis of the Total Polar Compounds of Frying Oils Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy on Fried
Potatoes ..................................................................................................................................... 106
Evaluation of Antioxidant Effect of Green Tea Powder Addition in Fatty Acids ................... 107
Effect of Fertilization on Nitrogen Uptake in Cotton ............................................................... 108
Description of the Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System in EHU of Oran ......................... 109
An ECG Classifier using FIR with QRS Response .................................................................. 110
Quantitative and Qualitative Study of the Intestinal Microbiota of Newborns ........................ 111
Elemental and Spectroscopic Pigment Analysis of the Love (Karsi Bucak) Churchwall Paintings
in Cappadocia, Turkey .............................................................................................................. 112
Efficiency and Risk of Long-Term Fertilization of Durum Wheat .......................................... 113
Sustainable Development of Protected Areas Throughout a Cultural Grazing - a Case Study of
Babia Gora National Park ......................................................................................................... 114
Mathematical Approaches to Study the Influence of Three Levels Fertilization and Irrigation
.................................................................................................................................................. 115
Healing From Nature; Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don ................................................... 116
Traditional Uses of Berberis sp. in Anatolia ............................................................................ 117
Presence of Pesticides Residues in Honey, Albania ................................................................. 118
Determination of Pesticide Residues in Egg with Lc-Ms/Ms By Ethyl Acetate Extraction .... 119
Ethiological Investigation of Ascites, Multiorganel Deformities, Granulocytosis Observed in
Cultured Sparus Aurata ............................................................................................................ 120
Study of Some Quality’s Parameters of Olive Oil in Albania Markets .................................... 122
Spe Technique for Determination of Pah in Water Samples .................................................... 123
xiii
Screening of Some Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Genotypes under Salinity Stress Based on
Germination and Emergence Tests ........................................................................................... 124
Impact of Boron (B) Applications on Yield Components and Minerals Content of Safflower
Cultivars .................................................................................................................................... 125
1
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
2
Sustainable Bioproducts
Sevim Z. Erhan 1*, Helen Ngo 1
1 Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA/Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid
Lane 19038, Wyndmoor, United States
*Corresponding Author: Sevim Z. Erhan, [email protected]
There has been a steady increase in demand for environment friendly lubricants. Vegetable oils
are promising candidates as base fluid for eco-friendly lubricants because of their excellent
lubricity, biodegradability and low evaporation loss. Their use, however, is restricted due to low
thermo-oxidative stability and poor cold flow behavior. This paper presents a systematic approach
to improve the oxidation and cold flow behavior of vegetable oil derivatives (chemical
modification and additive technology). Soy oil-based lubricants formulated using the above
approach exhibit superior oxidative stability, improved low temperature properties such as pour
points and better wear properties compared to some of the commercially available industrial oils.
Therefore, we will review recent technology efforts to develop new industrial bioproducts from
renewable resources and their market opportunities. Specifically, the research projects at ARS to
modify renewable feedstocks to bioproducts will be discussed, along with how they are benefiting
the industry.
Keywords: Renewable, sustainable, bioproducts, feedstock, lubricants
3
Seed Quality as a Solution to Decrease Environmental Stress in Changing Climate
Katerina Pazderu
CULS, Prague, Czech Republic
The article emphasizes the importance of assessing seed vigour to improve seed quality with a view
to increasing the resistance of crops to drought. The solution is to use seed vigour tests that are
internationally validated according to ISTA, or simply a simple tightening of the criteria for
marketing of seeds into circulation. If sand will be used in the ISTA germination test instead of
filter paper, which is also allowed for the germination test, the differences between the analyzed
seed lots would be higher and explicit.
4
The Potential of Some Inland Disadvantaged Areas Deriving from Innovative Agricultural
Crops and Products
Giuseppe Giuliano
Managing Partner, Colsultancy Firm, Studiogiuliano, Italy
The inland disadvantaged areas are an important issue in many European countries. These areas
have progressively been abandoned by the farmers, citizens and in particular by young people who
have not found economic, social and cultural attractiveness in these areas.
A vicious circle was initiated. It has led to an impoverishment of those areas and their remaining
inhabitants and to the land degradation phenomena. All this has deprived of the possibility of
sustainable agriculture and its products which represented the historical and cultural identity of
each area, even each village.
The winning paradigm of industrialised agriculture has culturally imposed that in developed
countries inland areas could not have a role in the dominating model of development.
Only in the recent decades about these areas a new awareness is making itself felt. It is necessary
to re-think the policies adopted at local, national and European level on the issue of inland areas.
Some ideas and experiences about innovative approaches to crops and products capable of giving
a new economic and social perspective to young people, will be illustrated in the speech.
5
Renewable Energy Generation of Local Governments in Turkey
Adnan Söylemez
Selçuk University, Vocational School of Social Sciences, Department of Management and
Organization, Konya, Turkey
Local governments offer a number of important services to facilitate the lives of the communities
in which they live. In this regard, local governments provide public transportation services and
build roads and pavements and do environmental cleaning and collection and separation of
domestic waste. In addition, local governments also work on future projection to facilitate urban
life. Reduction of carbon emissions in cities and reduction of fossil fuels are examples of such
studies.
Therefore, local governments need to take steps towards renewable energy production. Local
governments need to explore their energy potential and take their energy from domestic and
renewable sources, taking into account the geographical location in the region. Some local
governments on this issue in Turkey is conducting studies for renewable energy production.
The aim of this study, "Local governments in Turkey, does he have the legal rights to the production
of renewable energy?" "Central government which supports and opportunities in uncovering the
issues of renewable energy generation potential we can offer to local governments?" Is to seek
answers to their questions.
In this regard, firstly Turkey's local governments and scanning the legislation related to energy
production and the studies to be done on this issue is discussed. Local governments what they could
do to reduce Turkey's dependence on fossil fuels are focused on.
Keywords: renewable energy; renewable energy generation; local governments in Turkey
6
An Assessment for the Protection of Historical Environment in Turkey: Konya Aziziye
Mosque
Duygu İLKHAN SÖYLEMEZ
Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
Historical circles, the period or periods that created them; It was born as a result of its physical,
social, cultural, economic and technological conditions. For this reason, the main purpose of
preserving historical monuments and their environment is to protect, develop and keep these values
which constitute them. Due to the rapid urbanization and population growth of historical
monuments and their surroundings, the lack of order and plan has caused the historical environment
to be damaged or even disappear. Comparison with its own unique character and historical
monuments have managed to reach up to the present, the city's character, according to the echelon
jik conditions and the socio-economic structure, the creation of renovations and landscaping work
is of great importance.
Aziziye Mosque, located in the city of Konya, was a mosque built between 1671-1676 by the name
of High Mosque, which was the work of the late Ottoman period. The construction of the mosque
in 1872, the Ottoman Sultan Abdülaziz period, started in 1872 as a result of the fire that broke out
in the center of the bazaar.
Aziziye Mosque, which was restored by restoration, was planned to be taken together with the park
and fountain. In this section, the construction of an underground basement and the elimination of
illegal structures are aimed and are compatible with traditional texture and mosque architecture,
urban design, infrastructure, landscape, urban outdoor The aim of the project is to prepare design
projects.
This work is carried out midweek built in 1944, the first development plan for the city of Konya
Konya Karatay movement located in the municipality of Aziziye mosque and evaluate the
environmental side.
The purpose of this study, Konya Old Town Aziziye Mosque in the center of the factors
surrounding the historical pattern and the environment It is determined.
Keywords: Historical monuments, environmental protection, Aziziye Mosque
7
Preliminary Tests for the Assessment of Some Commercial, Low Cost, Sensors for
Measuring the Taat-Liner Contatc Pressure
Roşca Radu Petru Cîrlescu Ioan Ţenu
University of Agricultural Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi, Romania
The purpose of the paper was to evaluate, under laboratory conditions, different types of flexible
force sensors: three force sensitive resistor (FSR) sensors and one capacitive sensor. The FSR
sensors were: FSR 400, FSR 402 (Interlink) and A201 FlexiForce (Tekscan); the capacitive sensor
was a SingleTact miniature force sensor. A FC-22 compression load cell (Phidgets) was used as a
reference.
The linearity, hysteresis and drift were evaluated for each sensor.
The linearity and hysteresis characteristics of the sensors were evaluated in static tests, gradually
loading and then unloading the sensors (nine steps, from 1.84 N to 10.67 N and then back to 1.84
N); the output voltage was measured for each load step. Drift tests evaluated the increase of the
sensor output signal with time (2500 s), under constant load (9.81 N).
The FC-22 and A201 sensors have displayed perfectly linear characteristic, with r2=0.999; for the
FSR 400 and FSR 402 the output voltage was given by a second order polynomial (r2=0.998 and
r2=0.999, respectively). For the SingleTact sensor the response was also linear (r2=0.968).
No hysteresis was recorded for the FC-22 sensor and only minor hysteresis was recorded for the A
201 and SingleTact sensor (average values of -0.96% and -2.4%, respectively). The FSR 400 sensor
recorded relatively low values of the hysteresis (-9.6… + 8.0%), while for the FSR 402 sensor the
hysteresis was comprised between -25.6 and – 1.65%.
There was no drift recorded for the FC 22; for A 201 sensor the drift was 2.1%, while a significant
drift was recorded for the other sensors.
Keywords: FSR, teat-liner pressure, linearity, hysteresis, drift
8
Briquettes from Sunflower Agri-Residues and their Physical-Mechanical Properties for
Solidity
Bahadır Demirel 1 Gürkan Alp Kağan Gürdil 2
1 Erciyes University, Agricultural Faculty, Melikgazi, 38038 Kayseri, Turkey
2 Ondokuz Mayis University, Agricultural Faculty, Atakum, 55200 Samsun, Turkey
Briquettes are solid and dense materials either are produced for construction purposes or for bio
fuel purposes. Compacting pressure, burning speed, briquette stability, etc. technological
parameters are very important for briquette density. In this research the utilization of sunflower
agri-residues for alternative energy source has been analyzed in forms of briquettes. Briquettes
were obtained by using a newly developed hydraulic press. Hydraulic type press having 0-320 MPa
pressure range and 50 mm press die diameter was used for manufacturing the briquettes. As
agricultural wastes that released intensely from agricultural areas in the Black Sea region were
investigated and evaluated an a solid biofuel. The materials were grinded into 10 mm size and dried
down to 13 – 15 % (M15) moisture content and were pressed under 80 MPa pressure. Some
physical properties of briquettes such as bulk density, tumbler index, shatter index, moisture
content were determined. Gas emissions values of briquettes after combustion and the combustion
efficiency were measured. Ash contents and calorific values were also determined. The physical-
mechanical properties of the obtained briquettes and their solidity were analyzed.
Keywords: Sunflower residues, Energy, Briquette
9
A Sustainable Approach for Restoration and Reforestation of Peatland Ecosystems for
Germplasm Conservation, Biodiversity Enhancement and Plantation Forestry
Somika Bhatnagar
Temasek LifeSciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, The NUS, Singapore-117604
Peatland is a unique ecosystem formed by the accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or
organic matter, in water-logged and acidic conditions, in deficiency of oxygen over thousands of
years. Tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia are home to a diverse range of special flora and fauna
and also act as carbon stores. Deforestation and over-drainage of land for growing exotic plantation
trees has resulted in drying of peat soils. Forest fires triggered by climate change as well as those
deliberately started by farmers for land-clearing result in recurring smoke and haze. This causes
serious health hazards (to humans and animals), economic loss (in terms of valuable forest
products, transport and tourism disruptions) and environmental damage (floods, carbon emission).
With the objective of finding a viable long term solution, we researched on 10 native, endangered,
elite tree species belonging to genus Alastonia, Aquilaria, Archidendron, Gonystylus, Koompassia,
Melaleuca, Melia, Palaquium, Shorea and Sterculia. Tissue culture protocols were developed to
conserve the germplasm and mass propagate different species to ensure diversity. Multiple
adventitious shoots (5-20 per nodal segment) were produced within 2-4 weeks of culture on shoot
induction medium. The shoots taller than 4cm were transferred on ½-strength WPM medium with
auxins for rooting. After 4-6 weeks of culture in dark, the well rooted plantlets (95%) were
transferred to soil, acclimatized and hardened in the green house. Plants were evaluated for survival
rates and growth performance under simulated peatland conditions. Melaleuca cajuputi and
Aquilaria crassna showed highest survival percentage (100%) while Melia dubia and Archidendron
clypearia were the fastest to grow. Inter-cropping of these species will ensure multiple products
and multiple benefits in a sustainable way. Our pilot scale project paves way for conservation of
germplasm, biodiversity enhancement, reforestation and commercial plantation.
10
Some Physiological Impacts of Climate Change & Global Warming in Local Wheats
(Triticum spp.): A General Apprroach
Hakan Ulukan
Ankara University, Agricultural Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected]
Tel: +90.312.596.1275, Fax: +90.312.596.1395
Without losing the criterion of economics and be in ecological limits, it is possible to produce as many
as possible and permitted by the genotype from the unit area. It is another important effort to prevent
the negativities that may arise in this process, and this sometimes threatens the life of plant. The water
gap that appears suddenly is called drought at any time and in any place. This gap should be closed as
soon as possible quick and fast to be able to make a maximum production, i.e. the water use efficiency
(WUE), which means amount of the water used by the plant to produce (1) g of dry matter. Due to
having many resistance gene(s) against of stress factors and high nutrition profiles, local wheats should
be always used as a parent/donor/genitor (especially for drought) in breeding programs. On the other
hand, scientific data show that the world’s mean temperature will increase by the end of 2100 as (1,4-
5,8) oC and this effect too many plants, ecology(ies), ecosystem(s) and related stress factor(s), etc.
Particulary, the Climate change (CC) and its result of the Global warming (GW) effect to their (local
wheats’) physiology, growth and development stages; the speed, and capacity of photosynthesis. They
have a significant role in blocking or minimizing to these negative effects, and are very important
sources for the resistance, quality & nutrition(al) genes. At the same time,, important agronomic
insufficiency(ies) which are met can be overed with the aid of hybridization(s), tissue culture
technique(s), genetic engineering science(s), etc.’s. in the multidisciplinary approaches’.
Keywords: Climate change, Global warming, Greenhouse gases (GHGs), Local wheats, Stresses
11
Selecting Spontanious Populations of Annual Medicago: Medicago ciliaris, Medicago
scutellata and Medicago intertexta for Salt Tolerance by Measuring Gas Exchange and
Plant Morphological Parameters
Sonia Mbarki1,2*, Ons talbi3, Siwar Minyaoui1, Frantisek Hnilicka2; Václav Hejnák2, Chedly
Abdelly3, Aziza Zoghlami Khélil4
1Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of agrobiology, Food and Natural resources,
Kamýcká 129, Prague - Suchdol 16500, Czech Republic
2Laboratory of Valorisation of Unconventional waters. National Research Institute of Rural
engineering, Water and Forests (INRGREF). BP 10, 2080, Ariana. 3 Laboratory of Plant Extremophiles, Biotechnology Center at the Technopark of Borj-Cedria
Tunisia. BP 901, Hammam lif 2050, Tunisia. 4Laboratory of Animal and Forage production (Institut National of Agronomic Research. Rue Hédi
Karray 2049 Ariana Tunisia. Tel: +216 71 230 024 /+216 71 230 239. Web site: http://www.mes.tn.
Mail* : [email protected]
Plant adaptation or tolerance to salinity stress involves complex physiological traits, metabolic
pathways. Understanding on how plants respond to salinity stress at different levels and an
integrated approach of combining physiological tools with photosynthesis techniques are
imperative for the improvment of salt-tolerant varieties of plants in salt-affected areas. In order to
understand the photosynthesis traits in dealing salt tolerance in seven populations of spantanious
plant Medicago ciliaris compared to Medicago scutelleta and Medicago intertextea cultivated on
clay soil. This study was performed under greenhouse controlled conditions with salt water
irrigation levels (0, 100 mMNaCl).
Seeds of seven spontanious populations of Medicago ciliaris and two others populations of
(Medicago scutellata and Medicago intertexta) were cultivated in clay soil and exposed to salt
stress at 100 mM NaCl. Leaf Chl content was estimated using a hand-held SPAD-502. The net
photosynthetic rate (Pn; μmol/m2/s), rate of transpiration (E; mmol/m2/s) and stomatal
conductance (gs; mol/m2/s) were measured on the 3th or 4th fully expanded leaf in situ, using the
portable gas exchange system LCpro+.
Salt stress is detrimental to the whole plant at the morphological level, has an effect on epicotyl
length and the weight of the aerial part. It appears clearly that salt induces a reduction on the various
parameters but this decrease remains correlated with the population as they have different
geographical origins. No effect of salt is observed on the hydration of the aerial organs but has a
significant effect on those of the roots. Therefore epicotyl length and fresh biomass production is
significantly affected by salt except populations (355 and M. scutellata) and to ta smaller extent
12
M.intertexta. While the elongation and the production of fresh biomass of the roots is not affected
by irrigation with salt water. So we can say that a sustained growth of the root system under stress
conditions would be a factor of resistance to salt stress. The most sensitive to salt stress genotype
is 773, whereas M.ciliaris (populations 355), M.scutellata and M.intertexta showed sustained
biomass production in the presence of salt compared to other M.cliaris populations. Salt has no
effect on the hydration of the aerial organs although has a significant effect on those of the roots.
Salt stress causes a drop in leaf K + content for all populations except (773, M.scutellata and
M.intertexta).
The lowest levels of Na + at the aerial parts are recorded in 306 and 355 for plants grown in the
presence of salt. All populations showed higher levels of Na + in the aerial parts than their roots,
except for the population 355. The tolerance of M.ciliaris (355 populations), M.scutellata and
M.intertexta to salinity at 100 mM appears to be related to its ability to avoid accumulation of toxic
levels of Na + at the leaf level and sustained root growth in presence of salt stress. Salt induces a
reduction on the growth parameters but this decrease remains correlated with the population as they
have different geographical origins
The results showed non-significant effect of salt and significant effect of population treatment for
the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and beta-carotene. Nett assimilation
and Stomatal conductance decreased in all populations except Pop1, M.scutellata and M.intertexta.
Similarly, salt affects the net assimilation of CO2 and these values decrease in all populations with
the exception of Pop1, Pop2, 667 and 773.
This study showed the most sensitive genotype to salt stress is 773, whereas M.ciliaris (population
355), M.scutellata and M.intertexta showed sustained biomass production in the presence of salt
compared to other M.cliaris populations. The growth of the root system sustained under salt stress
would be a factor of tolerance to salt stress may avoid Na+ accumulation in above-ground parts,
facilitating a higher photosynthetic rate.
Keywords: Medicago ciliaris, Medicago intertexta, Medicago scutellata, salt stress, growth,
SPAD-Chllorophyll, chlorophyll pigments, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, rate of
transpiration.
13
Variability Analysis of Local Goat Population and Biodiversity of Livestock Production
System in the Arganeraie of the Agadir Region in Morocco
Houda EL KHEYYAT1and Saïd EL MADIDI2
Biometrics and Bio Resources
Laboratory Biotechnologies and Natural ResourcesDevelopment (LBVRN)
Faculty of Sciences, UniversityIbnZohr, Agadir, Morocco
1: [email protected] and 2: [email protected]
The objective of the study was to evaluate the variability of some qualitative and quantitative traits
in local goats extensively managed in the Arganeraie and the assessment of biodiversity of livestock
production system. A study was conducted using a structured survey among 35 goat farmers randomly
selected and distributed in 9 villages in the Arganeraie of the Agadir region. A description of morpho-
biometric traits has been performed to establish characteristics distinguishing 3 different goats breed:
Alas, Barcha and Ghazalia. 14 qualitative and quantitative traits were used. Six qualitative variables
were measured: hair coat colour (HC), wattles presence (WP),ears shape (ES), horns shape (HSh),
wattles presence (WP) and beard presence (BP) .Eight quantitative variables were measured: height
at withers (HW), body length (BL) ,heart girth (HG), chest depth (CD), pelvic width(PW), ears length
(EL), horns length (HL) and height sacrum (HS). The principal component analysis (PCA) and
Factorial discriminant analysis (FDA) showed a highly significant difference between the different
goats breed populations. The livestock system is a traditional extensive type whose diet is based on
sylvo-pastoral resources. The living area per goat is less than (1.5 m² / goat) for 70% of goats farms
and less than (1 m² / goat) for 57% of the goats farms surveyed. The food calendar in the study area
is based exclusively on forest resources. The animals graze the forest area all year long, the herbaceous
layer is dominant during the period between January and April, the branches of tree and shrubs are
used during the months of September to February. Grazing in the argan tree consists of grazing on the
ground (in the spring). The argan leaves that make up the main component are consumed during the
months of January to May. Between July and September, the animals exploit the areas occupied by
Juniperus phoenicea [Arar] and other fodder shrubs. The use of biodiversity of local plant resources
as a specific food source based on fodder trees and shrubs and possibly with the inclusion and
development of mixed grazing systems is considered as an example of sustainable food based on the
use of local resources.
Keywords: variability, goat, morpho-biometric traits, Argan tree- park (arganeraie), Morocco.
14
Land Surface Temperature Retrieval Using Landsat 8 Imagery: A Case Study of
Budapest, Hungary
Hakan Oguz
Department of Landscape Architecture, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University,
Kahramanmaras, Turkey
Land Surface Temperature (LST) is one of the essential parameters in evapotranspiration, urban
climate, vegetation monitoring and climate change. The main objective of this study was to retrieve
LST for Budapest, the capital and the most populous city of Hungary, using Landsat 8 imagery,
acquired on August 29 2015. The new instrument called Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) carried
on board of the new generation of Landsat 8 captures the temperature of the Earth’s surface in two
bands. In this study, Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) method was used to calculate the LST for
the study area.
Keywords: ArcGIS, Emissivity, GIS, LST, Model Builder
15
Calculating Actual Evapotranspiration Using Landsat 8 Imagery: A Case Study of
Budapest, Hungary
Hakan Oguz
Department of Landscape Architecture, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University,
Kahramanmaras, Turkey
Water is the most important constraint facing agriculture in most of the countries. Irrigated lands
are extremely vital to the economy of the country. ET is usually the largest hydrological flux
through the summer months. The ability to accurately estimate the magnitude of this flux is crucial
for the water balance and planning the use of available water resources. The main objective of this
study is to calculate the actual ET for Budapest, the capital and the most populous city of Hungary,
with the Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land (SEBAL) model using Landsat 8 imagery.
A Landsat 8 scene with path/row 188/27 acquired on August 29 2018 was downloaded from the
USGS webpage for this particular study. Landsat images are a useful resource for estimating ET
when high spatial resolution is desired.
Keywords: ET, LST, Remote Sensing, GIS, Water
16
Strategıes and Methods for Improvıng Wheat Root Traıts in Raınfeed and Irrıgated-Lands:
Which Technıque is Further Effıcıent for Selectıon in Breedıng Programs?
Hayati Akman
Department of Seed Technology, Selçuk University, 42430 Konya, TURKEY
Selection for improved root traits plays a significant role in increasing wheat grain yield in dry and
irrigated lands. In drought condition, genotypes with deep rooting and small root systems should
be selected in wheat breeding program since large root system competes with above ground shoot
growth and deep rooting system can enhance uptake of water and nutrients in deep soil. However,
selection for genotypes with large root system would be efficient to improve modern cultivars in
irrigated condition where there is no competition between root and shoot in terms of water use.
Several destructive and non-destructive techniques have been developed for selecting root traits in
breeding programs. Among the most common used techniques, in long-tube the genotypes are
selected for root biomass and length. The core break method is another rapid and simple method
to observing root biomass and root length density in spesific depth. Of recently developed modern
techniques, minirhizothron is an expensive technique to detect root length density, rooting depth
and root hairs at different growth stages with camera on minirhizothron tubes installed to soil with
45° off vertical sowing line. PCR based a molecular technique is useful for indicating the responses
in root dna density to stress conditions. High throughput clear-pot method allow scientist to
combine favorable seedling root traits such as root angle and root number. Phenotype screening
has been recently improved with high resolution x-ray technology to image non-destructively root
growth and root system characterization. Accordingly, the approaches here despite their various
either advantages or limitations can be used to select and characterize favorable root system in
accordance with research target in breeding programs.
Keywords: Selection, Root traits, Methodology
17
Evaluation of Arsenic Pollution and the Effect of Arsenic on Branchybacterium
paraconglomeratum in Van Lake
Esra Ersoy Omeroglu
Ege University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Basic and Industrial Microbiology
Section, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
Looking around the world; in drinking and using water, various food samples and especially
various environmental habitats, arsenic is seen as to endanger the health of public health. In
addition to its use in the treatment of some forms of leukemia, this toxic metalloid exposure causes
various diseases such as malignancy, skin damage, gastrointestinal and neurological diseases in
humans. In this context; prevention of arsenic exposure and remediation of arsenic are among the
issues to be taken precautions. Within the scope of this study; in order to determine arsenic
pollution in Van Lake which is the largest soda lake in the world, performing water and sediment
sampling seasonally, isolation and identification of arsenic resistant bacteria and determination of
the effects of this toxic metalloid on bacterial growth were aimed. Arsenic-resistant bacteria were
isolated using the Hungate technique. The arsenic quantification of seasonal water and sediment
samples was determined using ICP-MS. The 16S rRNA gene region was considered to be the target
for species identification at the molecular level and species identification was made by sequencing
of the product obtained as a result of PCR which was performed by using universal primers. A total
of 81 isolates were obtained as a result of the study and assays with strain 1WS-1 isolated from
winter was continued. As a result of the molecular analysis, it was found that the strain shows 99%
16S rRNA gene region homology with Branchybacterium paraconglomeratum. It was determined
that the arsenic content of the lake was the highest in the autumn season with 26.070 µg/kg in
sediment and 261 µg/kg in lake water and varied seasonally. Increased concentrations of arsenate
[As(V)] and arsenite [As(III)] as toxic arsenic forms adversely affected bacterial growth and 20
mM for As (V) and 8 mM for As (III) was determined as minimum inhibitory concentration.
Keywords: Arsenic pollution, Van Lake, Branchybacterium paraconglomeratum.
18
Effect of Water Stress on the Agronomic Characteristics and on Water use Efficiency of
four Landraces of Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
Iakovos Kalamartzis, Parthenopi Ralli, Christos Dordas*
School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Agronomy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
*corresponding author: [email protected]
Water availability is one of the major issues in modern agriculture and especially in Mediterranean
countries. In addition, climate change and the scenarios that are proposed show that water
availability will be a serious problem for many countries especially in the Mediterranean area.
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an aromatic and medicinal crop that is grown widely for its essential
oil, dry leaves, and flowers. The objective of the present study was to determine the tolerance of
four landraces of basil and a commercial cultivar to water stress under field conditions using
agronomic and physiological characteristics. The experiment was conducted at the University farm
of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece during the summer of 2018. The landraces and the
commercial cultivar were evaluated using a number of physiological (gas exchange parameters,
chlorophyll meter readings, chlorophyll fluorescence, water potential, relative water content) and
agronomic traits (dry weight in three different samplings and essential oil content). Two irrigation
levels of 40% and 100% of the required evapotranspiration were used for maximum yield (ETm).
The availability of water affected the dry weight and chlorophyll content and did not affect
chlorophyll fluorescence and the content of essential oils. Chlorophyll content and dry weight
showed significant correlation with the yield of essential oils. There was an interaction of leaf area
index with genotype and growth stage. The results of the experiment show that the most efficient
use of irrigation water can be done by using appropriate genotypes and by applying deficit
irrigation. Consequently, it can be concluded that under these conditions the quality and yield of
the basil landraces can be maintained at high levels, which confirms that they have a good
adaptability to the dry-land conditions of the Mediterranean area.
Keywords: dry weight, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, essential oil content.
Acknowledgements
This research is co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund- ESF)
through the Operational Program «Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong
Learning 2014-2020» in the context of the project “Effect of water availability in Greek populations
of basil” (MIS 5005037).
19
Use of Intercropping for a Better Resource Use Efficiency in a Mediterranean Climate
Chrysanthi Pankou1, Christos Dordas1*, Anastasios Lithourgidis2, Dimitrios Vlachostergios3,
Athanasios Mavromatis4, Ioannis Tokatlidis5
1 Laboratory of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
2 Dept. of Agronomy, Farm of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
3 Industrial and Fodder Crops Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization
4 Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of
Thessaloniki
5 Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Agricultural Development
*corresponding author: [email protected]
Intercropping, the cultivation of two or more crop species on the same area of land, may improve
yield, product quality, and soil health. Water stress is one of the most important environmental
stresses around the world for many crop species and especially for cereals such as wheat. In
addition, climate changes and increasing population pose serious challenges to crop improvement
for increasing crop yield. The objective of the present study was to study the effect of water
availability of wheat-pea intercrops using agronomic and physiological characteristics. The
experiment was conducted at the University farm of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
during the growing season 2017-2018, using two different cultivars from pea and wheat and two
irrigation regimes. The different treatments were evaluated using a number of physiological (leaf
area index, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll meter readings, chlorophyll fluorescence, water
potential, relative water content) and agronomic traits (dry weight and grain yield). The availability
of water affected most of the characteristics that were studied as there was an increase in dry
weight, plant height and in the other characteristics that were studied. In addition, cultivar affected
the response to water stress and the growth was higher in intercrops compared with monocrops.
Therefore, the intercropping of wheat with pea uses the water resources of the environment more
efficiently and can be used in dry land conditions for higher yield.
Keywords: mixed cropping, cereals, legumes, protein, resources
Acknowledgements
This work has been supported by ReMIX - project which has received funding from the European
Union’s Horizon 2020 Programme for Research & Innovation under grant agreement n°727217".
20
Research on the Use of Alternative Herbicides in the Flax Crop (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Esra Çiğnitaş
Ministry of Agriculture and Forest
In this study the effectiveness of some pre and post emergence herbicides on weeds and
flax yield were studied. The study was performed in Ayancık county of Sinop province in
Black Sea region in 2017-2018. The trials were carried out in two locations with two
different varietyes of flax. Pendimethalin and a mixture of linuron and lenacil were used as
pre emergence herbicides. As post emergence herbicides bentazone+MCPA,
tribenuronmethyl, clopyralid and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl+cloquintocet- mexyl were used. The
efficacy of herbicides were evaluated at 7th, 14th,28th and 56th days following the
application. The analysis of the collected data have shown significant results in the pre
emergence treatments: for 8 weeds the found effectiveness was between 36.27% and 100%.
The tested post emergence herbicides have shown an effectiveness larger than the pre
emergence. For a number of 11 weeds the found effectiveness was from 70.22 to 100%.
The production of flax in the test fields was measured as well. A generalised increase of the
production was found in all trials. The percentage increases have been between 199.3% and
245.5%.
Keywords: Flax, Herbicides, Weeds, Effectiveness, Flax yield.
21
The Effect of The Biodynamic Preparations and Harvest Month of Quility Indicates in the
Leaves of White Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Grown in Lithuania
Dovilė Levickienė, Elvyra Jarienė, Jurgita Kulaitienė, Nijolė Vaitkevičienė
Institute of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Vytautas Magnus University
Agriculture Academy
White mulberry (Morus alba L.) is not a widely grown plant in Lithuania. Our research was aimed
to assess the impact of biodynamic preparations 500 and 501 on the variation of 1-
deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), fagomine, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid contents and
antioxidant activity in white mulberry leaves as influenced by their harvest month. Feld experiment
with the white mulberry cultivars 'Plodovaja 3' and 'Turchanka' were conducted in 2017 – 2018 in
Kaunas district, Lithuania. The soil and tree trunks were sprayed with preparation 500, while
mulberry leaves and flowers were sprayed with preparation 501. Leaves of white mulberry were
harvested once a month in June, July, August, and September. Leaves were lyophilized and finally
ground to a fine powder in a laboratory mill. The amounts of DNJ and fagomine in leaves were
identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The total phenolic compounds,
flavonoids were quantified by Shimadzu Prominence chromatograph (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan)
and antioxidant activity by the DPPH radical scavenging method. The data averaged over the two
experimental years suggest that the effect of the BD preparations 500 and 501 on the contents of
fagomine and DNJ was negative, while leaf harvest month had a significant impact in the leaves
of cultivars 'Plodovaja 3' and 'Turchanka'. However, the highest contents of total phenolic
compounds, total flavonoids and antiradical activity were determined at the end of the growing
season, in September. The application of biodynamic preparations 500 and 501 tended to decrease
the synthesis of these compounds in the leaves of the mulberry cultivar 'Plodovaja 3' during the
growing period, while in the leaves of cultivar 'Turchanka' both preparations increased these
parameters.
Keywords: mulberry, leaves, preparation, 1-deoxynojirimycin, phenolic compounds
22
Carotenoid Content and Composition in Rose Hips (Rosa spp.) During Ripening
Jurgita Kulaitienė, Brigita Medveckienė, Dovilė Levickienė, Nijolė Vaitkevičienė
Institute of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Vytautas Magnus University
Agriculture Academy
Carotenoids are important antioxidants and valuable bioactive compounds contributing to the
health benefits of different foods, and rose hips are known for high carotenoids content.
A two-factor field experiment with five rosehips species was conducted in 2017–2018 on an
organic farm (certificate No. SER-K-17-01478) in Pakruojis district Lithuania (56°10'29.0"N
23°49'02.6"E). The fruits were harvested five times in season.
The aim of this research was to determine the effect of ripening stage on carotenoids content and
composition of two different rosehip flesh species R. Rugosa and R. Canina. Content of carotenoids
in the fruits of rosehips were determined by the method described by Hallmann (2012) with some
modifications. The carotenoids contents of different rose species were compared at different stages
of hip development.
A large change in content of the analysed constituents occurred during ripening and revealed a
large variation among the different genotypes. These observations indicate great potential to
influence and/or increase the content of these antioxidants in foods containing rose hips by
selection of species, cultivars and harvesting time. The results revealed very large variations in
content of carotenoids in the rose hips, both in terms of total amount and in composition of specific
carotenoid compounds. The highest total amount of carotenoids (103,505 and 65,605 mg100 g-1
DW) was found in the R. Rugosa and R. canina on the last ripening stage. For all species, the lowest
amounts of carotenoids were detected on the early harvesting stages. The total carotenoids content
was more than 1.5 times higher in the R. canina compared with R. rugosa. The concentration of a
number of the carotenoid compounds increased from the first to fifth harvesting stage.
Keywords: flesh, species, carotenoids, ripening stage.
23
Influence of Cultivar and Different Farming Systems on the Contents of Flavonoids in
Potatoes
Nijolė Vaitkevičienė, Elvyra Jarienė, Jurgita Kulaitienė, Dovilė Levickienė, Honorata Danilčenko
Agronomy Faculty, Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy, 53361, Akademija,
Kaunas district, Lithuania
Flavonoids are a group of secondary plant metabolites with presumably beneficial health effects.
The content of these phytochemicals in potato tubers depend on the cultivar, plant nutrient
availability, environmental conditions and cultivation practices. This research was aimed to
determine the impact of conventional, organic and biodynamic farming systems on the contents of
major flavonoids in potato tubers with different coloured flesh. Five potato cultivars (Red Emmalie,
Laura, Salad Blue, Violetta, Tornado) were cultivated at a farm in the Širvintos district (Lithuania).
Potatoes were grown in different crop management systems: conventional, organic and
biodynamic. The contents of flavonoids and their derivatives were measured by High-performance
liquid chromatography method. The results shown that, the flavonoids composition in potato tubers
depends on the cultivar and farming system. The content of total flavonoids and quercetin in tubers
from all cultivation systems (conventional, organic and biodynamic systems) was similar (no
statistically significant differences were found). Hovewer organically and biodinamically grown
potatoes accumulated significantly higher content of total flavonols, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and
quercetin-3-O-glucoside, than potatoes grown in conventional system. The cultivar effect on the
content of selected flavanoids in the potato tubers was also observed. Tornado and Laura showed
the highest content of total flavonols, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and quercetin. Red Emmalie and
Violetta cultivars had the greatest content of quercetin-3-O-glucoside.
Keywords: biodynamic, conventional, quercetin, organic, total flavonoids, tubers
Acknowledgement
The study was funded by the Ekhagastiftelsen for application ”Effect of Farming Systems on the
Accumulation of Biologically Active and Anticancer Compounds of Potato Tubers with Coloured
Flesh” (No. 2017-33).
24
Effect of Different Salt Mixtures on Mineral Content and Sensory Characteristics of
Spanish-Style Table Olives (Cv Domat)
Ferişte Öztürk Güngör1, Özgül Özdestan Ocak2, Mustafa Kemal Ünal2
1Olive Research Institute, Izmir, Turkey
2Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Izmir, Turkey
Salt is used as a basic ingredient in the preparation of fermented foods. In this study, the effect of
different chloride salts, which have more beneficial effects on human health such as potassium
chloride and calcium chloride, in green table olive processing were investigated. Due to consumers’
increasingly concern about sodium intake, it was aimed to produce green olives with low sodium
content. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of partial replacement sodium chloride with
potassium chloride and calcium chloride up to 50% on mineral content, on mineral content and
sensory properties of Spanish style table olives. For this purpose four different combinations of
chloride salts were used in fermenting brines, namely (i) 7% NaCl (control treatment), (ii) 3.5%
NaCl and 3.5% KCl, (iii) 3.5% NaCl and 3.5% CaCl2, (iv) and (v) 3.5 NaCl-1.75% KCl-1.75%
CaCl2.
The change in the salt concentration of the brine led to table olives with a significantly lower
sodium content and increased the K and Ca contents. The use of CaCl2 resulted in harder and more
yellow olives at the end of fermentation compared to the use of KCl and NaCl and also significantly
increased the bitterness, hardness and crispness perceptions of the table olives. Although not
statistically significant, the use of CaCl2 and KCl reduced the saltinnes perception of the green table
olives. The most preferred combination by the panelists at the end of fermentation was the
combination of NaCl and KCl which was used together in half. As a result, using moderate
proportions of KCl and CaCl2 instead of NaCl in the processing of Domat olives have improved
nutritional value and healthier characteristics but only a slightly modified sensory profile.
Keywords: Table olives, cv Domat, Sodium chloride, Calcium chloride, Potassium chloride,
Mineral content, Sensory properties
25
Use of Natural and Modified Walnut Shells for Zinc Removal from Aqueous Solutions
Sevda Esma Darama 1 Semra Çoruh 2
1,2 Ondokuz Mayıs University, Engineering Faculty, Atakum, 55200 Samsun, Turkey
It is discharged from the industrial wastewater to a large amount of heavy metal receiving
environments. This poses a threat to human and environmental health. It is necessary to remove
these metal ions from the wastewaters before releasing them into the environment, because there
is possibility of entry of toxic metal ions into food chain through waste discharges into the aquatic
environment. There are many conventional methods that are being used to remove the metal ions
including oxidation reduction, physico-chemical precipitation, cementation, ion exchange, solvent
extraction, adsorption, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration and electro-dialysis. Among the above
methods, the promising process for the removal of metal ions from water and wastewater is
adsorption, because the employed adsorbent can be regenerated by suitable desorption process and
it is highly effective and economical. In recent years, the use of agricultural residues as adsorbent
has become popular. The fact that agricultural residues are more easily obtained and cheaper than
commercial adsorbents makes it attractive. In this study, walnut shells were used as an agricultural
residue. Walnut shells were used as adsorbent in zinc removal with natural and modified forms and
compared. In this study, different zinc concentrations and different capacities of walnut shells were
investigated. In addition, adsorption isotherms and kinetics were also studied. With the modified
form of the walnut shell, up to 98% zinc removal efficiency was obtained. Also, adsorption was
observed to be consistent with pseudo-second kinetics and Freundlich isotherm. The results showed
that the walnut shell modified in zinc removal was a potential adsorbent.
Keywords: Biochar, walnut shell, zinc removal, isotherm, kinetic.
26
Adsorption Modelling of Removal of Malachite Green Dye from Aqueous Solution Using
Natural and Biochar Butt
Sevda Esma Darama 1 Semra Çoruh 2
1,2 Ondokuz Mayıs University, Engineering Faculty, Atakum, 55200 Samsun, Turkey
The wastewater with a high concentration of dye is formed from the textile industry. When these
wastewaters are discharged to natural environments, they cause eutrophication and damages the
ecosystem. Adsorption is an easy and inexpensive method for removing dyes. In this study, as an
alternative to commercial adsorbent substances, cigarette butts were used as adsorbent.
The aim of this study is to investigate the adsorption of malachite green dye removal on natural
and biochar butt using 23 full factorial design. Factorial design of experiments is employed to study
the effect of three factors adsorbent amount (0.005g / 30mL and 0.1g / 30mL), initial dye
concentration (50 and 500mg / L) and adsorbent type (natural and biochar butts), at two levels low
and high. The results were statistically analyzed by using the student’s t-test, analysis of variance
(ANOVA) and an F-test to define important experimental factors and their levels. A regression
model that considers the significant main and interaction effects was suggested. The selected
experimental factors were determined to influence the adsorption process, but their importance
varied according to the sequence: adsorbent type> malachite green concentration> adsorbent
amount. The results indicate that biochar butt is a suitable adsorbent for the adsorption of malachite
green dye.
Keywords: Adsorption, full factorial design, dye, biochar, butt.
27
Determination of Suitable Egg Laying Material in Mass Rearing of Predator Anthocoris
minki Dohrn (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in Biological Control
Mehmet MAMAY 1 İlyas RAT 2
1 Harran University, Agricultural Faculty, 63050, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
2 Şanlıurfa Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry, 63100, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
There are many methods to control agricultural pests. Biological control is most susceptible to the
environment among these methods. The most important macrobial agents in biological control are
predators and parasitoids. One of the predators, which are used in the biological control, is
Anthocoris minki Dohrn (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). This study was carried out under laboratory
conditions in order to determine suitable egg laying material for mass rearing of A. minki in
economical, rapid and efficient manner. The main materials of the study were the eggs of Ephestia
kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as prey for the predator, Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.),
faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) seed capsules as egg laying material. In the
study, the number of eggs, the rate of egg hatching, survival rates, maturing rate, life span,
reproduction rate, preoviposition period, oviposition period and postoviposition period were
determined. As a result of the study, it was determined that the preoviposition period were 5.75,
8.36 and 7.31 days; the oviposition period were 7.83, 24.18 and 19.63 days and postoviposition
period were 7.83, 9.73 and 5.38 days for the bean, faba bean and pea, respectively. The total egg
numbers laying on bean, faba bean and pea were determined as 430, 964 and 799, respectively, and
the hatching percentages of these eggs were found as 80.5, 71.1 and 39.0 percent, respectively.
Consequently, the pea fruit capsule is not suitable as egg laying material for A. minki to mass
rearing economically and efficiently. Although there is no statistical difference in some parameters,
It was determined that faba bean is an economic and efficient egg laying material because of the
highest egg number and egg hatching rate for mass rearing of A. minki.
Keywords: Biological Control, Anthocoris minki, Mass Rearing, Egg Laying Material, Ephestia
kuehniella
28
Spider Biodiversity of Field Crops Cultivated in Tigris and Euphrates Basins, Turkey
Çetin Mutlu
Harran University, Agricultural Faculty, Haliliye, 63000 Şanlıurfa, Turkey
Spider diversity has attracted the attention of ecologists, entomologists, and biologists due to their
pivotal role in biological control of agricultural pests. Exploratory surveys at regional and
landscape scales are important to determine the spider diversity. Turkey is considered among the
biodiversity hotspots in Europe; however, limited literature exists on spider biodiversity of the
country. Nonetheless, information is scanty on the spider biodiversity of Tigris and Euphrates
basins. Therefore, the current study was devised to determine the spider diversity of Tigris and
Euphrates basins in southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The major (wheat, maize, and
vegetables) and minor (sunflower, groundnut, tobacco, sesame, and potato) were surveyed during
the vegetation periods of 2014 and 2015. The samples were collected with two different methods,
i.e., sweep net and D-Vac. The selection of the sampling method was based on the phenological
stage of different crops surveyed in the region. A total of 50 species belonging to 39 genera and 17
families were identified from the region. The highest spider diversity was found in cereal crops (23
species) followed by vegetable crops (22 species), while sunflower, lentil, and potato (2 species
each) had the lowest spider diversity. Cyclosa algerica Simon, 1885 is the first record in spider
fauna of Turkey. Salticidae, Philodromidae, Linyphiidae, Araneidae and Thomisidae families had
the highest number of recorded species (9, 8, 5, 5 and 5 species, respectively), whereas the lowest
number of spider species belonged to Agelenidae, Clubionidae, Gnaphosidae, Mimetidae,
Miturgidae, Oxyopidae, Pisauridae, Sparassidae and Uloboridae families (1 species each). The
current study adds important information on the spider diversity of Tigris and Euphrates basins
along with the first record in Turkey.
Keywords: Spider species, Tigris, Euphrates, Survey, Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey
29
Identification of Turkish Extra Virgin Olive Oils Produced in Different Regions with
Volatile Components
Didar Sevim1, Oya Köseoğlu1, Hasan Ertaş2, Durmuş Özdemir3,
İmran Güney2, İrem Aydın2, Mehmet Ulaş1
1 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Olive Research Institute Izmir/TURKEY
2 Ege University Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry Izmir/TURKEY
3İzmir Institute of Technology Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry Izmir/TURKEY
Virgin olive oil is extracted from the olive fruit of the olive tree, Olea europaea L., only by
mechanical and/or physical methods. Since it is not subjected to additional refining, there is no
change in the volatile and non-volatile components. Conservation of the sensory and nutritional
properties of olive oil are, therefore, maintained. Its composition depends on several factors such
as production area, degree of fruit ripening and quality of olives, cultivar, climate conditions of
geographical origin, and the extraction systems. The aim of this research was to identify Turkish
extra virgin olive oils produced in different regions by volatile components.
In this research, volatile components of virgin olive oils (Ayvalık, Memecik and Gemlik cv.) that
was obtained by industrial two and three phase continuous system from different regions (North
Aegean, South Aegean and South Marmara) of Turkey were analyzed. Totally one hundred and
twenty two olive oil samples were collected from the Regions. trans-(E)-2-hexene-1-ol and cis-2-
pentene-1-ol were determined as the highest aroma compounds in the studied olive oils for both
years. 1-penten-3-one, hexanal and acetic acid hexylester/cis-3-hexenil acetate were followed
them. Finally, the results also showed that by using classification and clustering models, geographic
marking and labeling of these oils can be carried out with only one year or a single production
system (2 and 3 phase continuous system) along with aroma analysis.
Keywords: Volatile components, Ayvalık and Memecik, Chemometrics, Classification
Acknowledgement
This study is supported by General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TAGEM) of
Turkey under the grant No. TAGEM/ HSGYAD/15A05/P01/75
30
Vitamin B12 Content in Blood Camel in Algeria
Naima Sahraoui
Ait Issad Nassima, Bouabdallah Racha-Hind, Belhousse Youssef, Hornick Jean-Luc
The content of vitamin B12 in camel blood was studied. The blood samples were collected from
20 individual camels (Camelus dromedarius) in two different occasions. The study showed that
camel blood contains considerably high than cow blood . The level of vitamin B12 was in average
two times higher than that of cow blood.The young animals had a higher levels than adults.
Sahraoui breed had also the higher levels.
Keywords: Camel, blood, Vitamin B12, Algeria
31
Application of the Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach to Wastewater Treatment Plants
in the Black Sea Region of Turkey
Tolga Ayeri 1, Bilge Aydın Er1, Ozge Koksal1, Yuksel Ardali1
1 Ondokuz Mayis University, Department of Environmental Engineering, 55139, Atakum,
Samsun, Turkey
In the determination of appropriate wastewater treatment (WWT) plant alternatives, multi-criteria
decision-making techniques have been extensively used recent years due to taking into account a
variety of factors such as environmental, economic, technical and technological. In order to deal
with complex decision problems, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method, which is widely
preferred multi-criteria decision-making technique, has been accepted as a reliable and reasonable
multi-criteria decision-making tool by the international scientific society. The aim of the present
study is to choose the most optimal WWT plant alternatives in the Black Sea Region of Turkey via
the AHP methodology. These ten domestic WWT plant alternatives are compared with reference
to both environmental (e.g. suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total
nitrogen, etc.) and technical performances (e.g. age of the plant, investment and operating costs,
treatment process, etc.) of WWT plants in the Black Sea. Environmental performance is evaluated
accordingly the samples taken from WWT plants whereas technical performance is assessed
according to project reports of WWT plants. A comparison of the merits obtained from the AHP
technique shows that the most sustainable WWT plant are determined Samsun East Tekkekoy
WWT Plant not only for environmental but also for technical criteria from among alternatives.
Keywords: Multi-criteria Decision Making Technique, Artificial Neural Network, Black Sea,
Wastewater Treatment Plant
32
Assessment of Deep Sea Discharge Systems Efficiency in the Eastern Black Sea Using
Artificial Neural Network: A Case Study for Trabzon, Turkey
Tolga Ayeri 1, Bilge Aydın Er1, Ozge Koksal1, Serhat Odabas 2, Yuksel Ardali1
1 Ondokuz Mayis University, Department of Environmental Engineering, 55139, Atakum,
Samsun, Turkey 2 Ondokuz Mayis University, Bafra Vocational School, 55400, Bafra, Samsun, Turkey
The aim of this study is to evaluate the parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature,
conductivity, salinity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids, ammonia,
chlorophyll-a and heavy metals affecting total coliform values in seawater using Artificial Neural
Network (ANN) modelling at the Eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey. The results obtained from the
ANN model are compared with actual total coliform values. The seawater samples are taken from
the different points selected along the deep sea discharge systems starting from the diffuser end of
three domestic deep sea discharge systems at Turkey's Eastern Black Sea coast. ANN model is
developed for estimating the relationship between total coliform and other parameters. The
parameters measured in seawater samples are analysed by the ANN model for prediction of
coliform values. The results show that the neural network model is capable of estimating sea
pollution with reasonable accuracy.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Black Sea, Deep Sea Discharge, Total Coliform, Trabzon
33
Evaluation of Heavy Metal Enrichment and Pollution Degree in Contaminated Sediment
Environments at the Mid Black Sea Coast of Turkey
Arife Şimşek1, Gülfem Bakan1
1Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering,
Samsun
This study focuses on the enrichment and degree of contamination of heavy metals (Al, Co, Cu,
Cr, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni and Zn) in contaminated sediment environments at the Mid-Black Sea coast of
Turkey. Pollution by these metals were examined using several calculation methods: enrichment
factors, modified degree of contamination, pollution load index and geoaccumulation index. For
this purpose, in addition to physical and chemical parameter analyzes, heavy metal concentrations
were measured by inductively coupled plasma- optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) in water
and sediment samples collected at five different points for two periods. Sediment enrichment
factor, contamination factor, pollution load index, and geoaccumulation index were calculated to
evaluate the contamination degree and influence of human activities, chemical and microbiological
pollution, synthetic organic contaminants, fisheries resources, aesthetic and recreational activities
on heavy metals. It was determined that most of the heavy metal deposits in the sediment were one
of the causes of pollution at sampling points.
Keywords: Heavy metal, Mid-Black Sea, sediment enrichment factor.
34
Mini Review: The Determination of Hsp Regions in Bumblebee by Qpcr
Mustafa Ersal1, Berkant Ismail Yildiz1, Kemal Karabag2
1Akdeniz University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of
Biotechnology, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
2Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, 07058,
Antalya, Turkey
Bumble bees are important pollinators of both cultivated crop plants and natural flora. They provide
much better pollination than honey bee in many plant species. As a result of the use of bees for
pollination of plants were determined with many positive results, such as high fertilization,
increased seed viability, high fruit and fruit aroma formation, increased disease resistant, rapid
growth, high seed yield, increased fruit yield, decreasing fruit loss. Unfortunately, due to various
stress factors, the natural bumblebee populations are decreasing worldwide and 11% of bumblebee
species are in danger of extinction. In addition to many stress factors, global climate change plays
an important role in these decreases and extinction. Heat shock proteins (Hsp), called chaperones,
provide resistance to stress caused by unfavorable environmental temperature in all organisms.
Because of these functions, the Hsp regions offer a potential to solve the problems related to
temperature changes in the bees. In this study, we will focus on the qPCR method from the
molecular methods used to determine the relationship of hsp regions with temperature.
Keywords: Heat shock protein, Molecular diagnosis, qPCR method, Bumblebee.
35
The Effect of Genotype and Sowing Times on Camelina [Camelina sativa L. (Crantz)] Oil
Content and Fatty Acid Composition
Merve Göre 1, Orhan Kurt* 1
1University of Ondokuz Mayis, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Samsun,
Turkey
Corresponding author email: [email protected]
This research was conducted in 2017 and 2018 in order to determine the effects of genotype and
sowing time on the oil content and composition of fatty acids in camelina. Field experiments were
conducted as 3 replications in the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 summer seasons, according to the
Split Blocks Experimental Design. Genotypes (Ames-26665 and PI-304269) were placed in the
main parcels and sowing times [1 May (1st), 11 May (2nd), 21 May (3rd), 31 May (4th)] were also
placed in sub-parcels. Crude oil analysis was performed using a semi-automatic oil analyzer.
Analysis of fatty acids was made by using Gas Chromatography device. The data on oil content
and the composition of fatty acids were analyzed by using SPSS Statistical Program. Multiple
comparison test (DUNCAN) was performed in parameters which are important in statistical terms.
The result of the research; It was found that the effect of varieties factor was very important in
terms of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids (p <0.01) and it was found to be significant (p <0.05) in
terms of oil content. It was determined that sowing time was very important (p <0.01) in oleic,
arachidic and erusic acid and it was determined that it was significant (p <0.05) in terms of linolenic
acid. In addition; the effect of genotype and sowing time interaction was found to be very important
in terms of erusic acid (p <0.01)
When the average of two years was evaluated together; the highest oil content (25.18%) was
obtained at the 1st sowing time of Ames-26665 genotype. The highest oleic acid ratio (19.20%)
and the lowest erusic acid ratio (1.01%) were obtained at the 4th sowing time of Ames-26665
genotype. The highest ratio of linoleic acid (26.81%) was obtained in the 2nd sowing time of the
PI-304269 genotype.
Keywords: Camelina, Sowing Time, Fatty Acid Composition, Oil Content
36
Determination of Field use Changes and Green Infrastructure System by Using Landscape
Methods: Erzurum City Example
Nalan DEMİRCİOĞLU YILDIZ 1 Uğur AVDAN 2
Başak AYTATLI 1 Ali Can KUZULUGİL 1 Enes AVCI 1
1 Atatürk University, Architecture and Design Faculty, Yakutiye, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey 2 Eskişehir Technical University, Earth and Space Sciences Institute, 26555 Eskişehir, Turkey
The migration rate from rural to urban areas is increasing day by day. This situation requires cities
to be planned in order to meet the increasing population needs. In the cities; The development of
historical texture and urban structure must be ensured in order to meet the needs of the increasing
human population. Human beings have been living in nature since the day they are living and
benefiting from natural resources. As a result, pressures on the environment increase and resources
are exhausted.People should be aware of the balance of protection and use and of using nature
almost without destruction. People have a positive or negative effect on the environment they live
in and their habitats change their immediate surroundings. Therefore; The landscapes also change
over time. On the one hand, natural events and various social, political and economic processes
can be effective in the emergence of this change. Landscape ecology examines these changing
relationships and treats the landscape as a level and system within the concept of hierarchical order.
In order to understand the landscapes and ecological processes, landscape structure analyzes and
landscape metrics are used. Landscape structure analysis is an important method used in ecological
planning studies, which examines the landscape in the matrix-patch-corridor model and provides
interpretation of landscape structure by producing analytical data with the help of landscape
metrics.
On the basis of ecological planning; Considering both the socio-cultural structures and
psychological conditions of the people living in crowded cities, people are looking for open green
areas where they can breathe in active / passive recreational activities in cities. Rapidly developing
industry and transportation networks increase the destruction to the nature and global problems
such as air pollution occur in our cities. Ecological corridors are created in cities in order to enable
people to have fun and to have a clean environment.Ecological corridors can be natural or artificial
and continue as a line. Ecological corridors are known as aquatic or terrestrial ecosystems that
connect two different landscape matrixes. They form an integrated landscape mosaic with different
landscape matrices and patches.
This approach, which forms the basis of green infrastructure systems, emphasizes centers and
connections.As it is known, in addition to the traditional urban gray infrastructure, the subject of
today more emphasis is on the green infrastructure.The green infrastructure system has been
designed with a systematic approach that maintains the sustainability of ecological networks within
the scope of the landscape system integrity at the urban scale, protecting and improving the natural
37
and cultural living environments.The green areas, centers and connections of the city of Erzurum
are considered ecologically. In order to create sustainable cities, it is desired to increase the amount
of open-green space, to create a model which can self-sufficient and actively use renewable energy
resources. Especially, in order to maintain the existence of urban flora and fauna, to ensure the
integrity and to ensure the continuity of the green infrastructure requirements are required.
In this study, to preserve the natural and cultural assets and values of Erzurum,to improve the
habitats in the region and to stimulate the life of the region and the city.In order to develop the
ecological, socio-economic and socio-cultural values of the region, the landscape structure was
analyzed by using landscape metrics to construct the green infrastructure system.
To be able to understand the relationship between the landscape structure and the ecosystem
functions in the field of research and their connection with their environment and to interpret the
current and possible pressures on the areas of natural importance, landscape metrics were subjected
to analysis. The numerical data obtained by using Patch Analyst 4.2 software were analyzed by
performing class level analyzes. The interactions between the patches forming the matrix covering
the research area, their interactions with each other, their environment, habitat quality, formal
dimensions and differences are evaluated on the basis of landscape ecology.
Keywords: Landscape metrics, Ecological corridor, Green infrastructure, Urban open-green area
38
Web-Based Urban Park Information System: A Case Study of Anneler Park,
Gaziantep-Turkey
Hakan OGUZ, Ozgenur CAYRAZ, Ahmet Selcuk ZABUN
Landscape Architecture Department, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, 46100, Turkey
The main objective of this study is to develop a web-based urban park information system for
Anneler Park in Gaziantep-Turkey. The first step of this study was conducting an inventory for
trees in the park. With this study, geographic location and individual attributes of each tree were
gathered by doing ground measurements and field observations and these data gathered were
ımported into ESRI ArcGIS to create a geodatabase. Finally, all information was uploaded into
web using ArcGIS Online to create a digital map of the park. In this study, Leica Zeno 20 was used
to record accurate geographic locations of each tree in the park. Haglöf Vertex IV was used to
measure tree heights. We took a picture of each tree and measured canopy diameter and diameter
at breast height (dbh) of each tree in the park. Trees’ Scientific and common names were also
recorded. A geodatabase in ArcGIS was created after all data gathered and finally a digital map of
the park was created with ArcGIS Online. The map is publicly accessible to visitors, students, and
researchers, allowing users to find trees by location and name or to create custom maps before or
during their visit.
Keywords: ArcGIS Online, Geodatabase, GIS, Inventory, Trees, Web Map.
39
Determination of the Quality of Green Areas in the City of Erzurum
Nalan DEMİRCİOĞLU YILDIZ, Ali Can KUZULUGİL, Başak AYTATLI, Enes AVCI
Atatürk University, Architecture and Design Faculty, Yakutiye, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
The economic, social, cultural and political factors brought about by the rapid increase in
population cause the concentration of settlements and industrialization. Due to the fact that the plan
and practices are not based on ecological basis, the distorted urbanization is a major factor in
decreasing the green areas and decreasing the quality of life by disrupting human health.Increasing
construction also brings about many environmental problems such as the destruction of natural
resources. The importance of quality of life and open-green areas, which are considered as an
indicator of civilization, are increasing day by day.Open and green spaces are the areas that can
add urban identity to the city, which have important contributions to the urban texture and to all
city in a recreational way.Protection and management of these lands can be ensured by the holistic
planning approach in order to prevent the degradation of ecological systems, to reduce the pressure
on natural resources and to ensure the sustainability of the landscapes.
Many ecological planning methods are established in order to ensure the sustainability of natural
and cultural areas in many countries.Ecological planning, which is based on the linking of
ecological values and evaluation as a whole, is one of the open green space planning approaches.
In the first phase of the study, by using the literature data, field usage maps have been formed by
determining the parks, children's playgrounds and sports fields and other green areas in the city of
Erzurum, through the zoning plans and satellite images. In the second stage, studies were conducted
in terms of the competence level spatial competence and accessibility of the park, sports and
children's playgrounds determined with the help of GIS and UA.In addition, the amount of green
space per person was determined and a new open-green area system was planned.
The existing green space system was evaluated in terms of accessibility and compared with the
green space system that was constructed and suggestions were made.During the evaluation of
accessibility, the existing park and green areas layer, the park and green areas layer in the zoning
plan, the neighborhood layer, the neighborhood population data obtained from “TUIK” are
processed using “ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Network Analyst module, Esri City Engine”.In the
City Information System (KBS), the number of independent houses (apartments) integrated in the
spatial address registration system (MAKS) is based on the neighborhood. The existing public
parks and green areas have been updated with data from the park gardens directorate. Assuming
that a person walks an average of 4 km per hour, the Network data set is set to calculate service
areas using the network analyst toolbar in the ArcMap interface. Accessibility of green areas has
been determined by the standards.
40
Determination of Genotype x Environmental Interactions and Stability of Yield Values in
Pea Genotypes
Reyhan KARAYEL1 Hatice BOZOĞLU2
1 Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute 2 Ondokuz Mayıs University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Agronomy 55139
Atakum, Samsun, Turkey.
This study was carried out in order to determine the line / lines of varieties candidates that could
be used for cooking in peas, which is one of the important plants that can enter crop rotation for
regions with temperate climate type. Although Turkey take place in an area where the origin of
peas, pea cultivation in our country is not frequent enough. One of the reasons for this is that there
is not enough number of varieties to adapt to different regional conditions.
In the study, 6 control varieties and 30 lines selected by selection of local pea materials were used.
The materials were planted at 4 different locations (Samsun-Atakum, Samsun-Gelemen, Tokat,
Amasya-Gökhöyük) and at 2 sowing time (summer and winter). Trials were established in the
Augmented Trial Design. Adaptation classes and stability of the materials were determined
considering fresh fruit yield, fresh grain yield and dry grain yields (Eberhart-Russell, 1966).
The average fruit yield is 1185.7 kg. In the control varieties, the regression coefficient and the
confidence limits of the mean were determined and no stable varieties were determined. The
average fresh grain yield of the varieties is 693.8 kg. Klein variety was found in the stable region,
which is expressed as a medium fit to all circles, but only three of these lines (B15, B33, B36) were
found to enter the same statistical group with this type. The average dry grain yield is 267.1 kg. As
a result of the stability analysis, Klein, Further, G. Pearl and Lanset varieties were stable in terms
of dry grain yield. The lines that belong to the same statistical group with these varieties were
determined to be stable.
Keywords: Pea, Stability, Yield
41
Silage in Turkey, Yesterday, Present and Future
Cihat YILDIZ
Atatürk University, Agricultural Faculty, Yakutiye, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
In this study, an important source of coarse fodder for businesses engaged in animal husbandry
silage start in Turkey are given information about the development and future. Despite the technical
sense in the world starting in the 1850s silage, silage making first began in the year 1940 in Turkey.
Silage, which was started to be made in Atatürk Forest Farm in those years, has been made in state
production farms, universities and public institutions until 1980s and has not become widespread
among farmers. After the 1980s, seeing the benefits of silage by farmers, together with the teaching
of silage making techniques and developments in the manufacturing sector foragers, silage has
expanded rapidly in Turkey. In 1994, approximately 500 thousand corn silage was made, while
this value reached 10 million tons in 2010 and 23 million tons in 2018. Produced in Turkey and
consumed forages 1/3 is met from corn silage. In the beginning, silage, which is made in land or
stone silos for the own needs of the enterprise, has become a commercial product with the
development of silage making techniques. In addition to the traditional building techniques in soil
and stone silo, silage bale silage making equipment, vacuum bag silage making techniques, plastic
silage in the tunnel construction techniques' are applied in Turkey. The companies that make silage
for their animals need silage by using traditional silage making technique in silos or stone silos,
while those who use silage to trade silage prefer baler silage and vacuum bag silage method
(package silage). Plastic tunnel silage technique has only just begun in Turkey. silage tower in
concrete or metal silos does not apply in Turkey.
Single-row or two-row maize silage machines, usually operated by tractor, for the harvesting of
plants such as corn, sorghum and sunflower, for the harvesting of plants such as triticale, clover,
weed silage machines, which are operated by tractors, are also used. According to data from 2018,
There are 30,000 corn silage and 6,000 grass silage machines machine in Turkey. In addition to
these machines, there are approximately 500 self-walking silage machines imported from abroad.
These machines can change the mowing tables and make silage of both corn group and herb group
products. Turkey does not have a domestic production of self-propelled aerial foragers. In order to
transport the mulched silages from the field to the silos, trucks and trucks are generally used in the
forms made with the tractor, usually in the form of trailers, self-propelled mops. In stone or
reinforced concrete silos, tractor or bucket is used to compress the silage. of the silage made in
Turkey is used for feeding a large proportion of dairy cows. The use of silage in feeding sheep,
goat or fattening cattle is not common enough. Silage is usually mixed with straw and concentrate
feed and is given once a day. Other meals are given as weed or clover.
It appears that the future of silage making and increased usage in Turkey. It is observed that corn
+ sunflower, triticale + Hungarian vetch mixtures will be cultivated in the same field and become
42
silage. The high price of concentrate feed will increase the attention to quality roughage and in
particular the silage. Plants that have the possibility of growing in the same terrain, instead of
making the silage of the coarse fodder, or the plants overlapping with the harvest periods will be
consumed together with silage as a mixture. It is seen that the silages will be used not only in the
feeding of dairy cattle but also in the feeding of sheep, goats and even poultry. It is thought that the
production and use of 3 and 4 row maize silage machines working with tractors will become
widespread for silage mechanization. In addition, 4 or 6-row self-propelled silage machines are
being produced in the country. It is seen that the production and consumption of packed silage is
rapidly spreading. The biggest problem here is the high price of stretch for the packaging of silage.
Until a few years ago, silage stretch, which was imported from abroad, started to be produced
within the country. Increasing the number of producers and production capacity will also bring
stretch prices to reasonable levels. In the current situation, silage baling and stretching machines
weighing 100, 500 and 1,000 kg turn into 200, 750 and 1.250 kg to reduce the cost of packaging.
In addition, 1.250 kg of traction mobile machine silage baler and packaging machines for machine
munition will be on the field in a very short time. Although the beginning of silage in Turkey after
about 100 years from Earth, its use is widespread. The future of plant varieties silage made in
Turkey and will increase the amount of silage made, and it seems to be particularly widespread in
the ration of silage.
Keywords: Silage, Rural Development, Sustainable production, Good quality roughage
43
Isolation Adaptation and Determination of Microorganisms for Biodegradation of Phenol
from Wastewater.
1Ismail Erdil, Kungulovski Ivan2, Atanasova-Pancevska Natalija3, Kungulovski Dzoko4
1Yahya Kemal College, Varsavska nr.23, Karpos, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia
2 Bioengineering, Research Centre for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,
Ivan Agovski 7/1, Skopje, Macedonia 3,4 Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of
Natural Sciences and Mathematics, “Ss. Cyril and Methodius” University, Skopje, Macedonia
Phenol and its higher molecular structures are dangerous pollutants due to their toxic character.
These molecules tend to accumulate in water and soil if not treated.
There are several strategies including Physical and Chemical methods have been designed to
remove phenol from wastewater. Biological treatment is one of the most effective, environmentally
friendly and energy-saving methods for removing phenol from wastewater.
This study was aimed to monitor the viability and resistance of microorganisms to high
concentrations of phenol and the possibility of their use in the efficient process of bioremediation.
Putting the emphasis on phenol as the main carcinogen, mutagen and teratogenic pollutant of
wastewater, several parameters were monitored as well as a comparative analysis was done
between the native active sludge from the wastewater and granulated microorganisms. It was aimed
to observe if different bacteria species and yeast can collaborate to degrade phenol into its
molecular components.
The formation of native isolates takes place in a predetermined medium containing primary source
of carbon and (NH4) 2 SO4 as a source of nitrogen. In addition, the proper adaptation of
microorganisms (bacteria and yeasts) and their selection was carried out. Analyzes were
performed by supplementing the phenol concentrations from 100 to 1500 mg/ L-1. In MSM and 72
h aeration-agitation at 150 rpm, 28oC. The phenol concentration is determined by using 4-
aminoantipyrine in the colorimetric assay (Spectrophotometric, Manual 4-AAP with Distillation),
according to standard methods reported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA).
After three weeks of enrichment and strain isolation, a total of nine (9) isolates of yeast and bacteria
were obtained. Morphological properties of isolates were identified firstly by gram stain and optical
microscopy as well as phenotypic and biochemical tests. Colonies capable of degrading phenol
from wastewater was isolated from an oil refinery effluent. The morphological properties of the
isolated colonies by optical microscopy was Bacillus Gram+ bacteria, Big-rod shaped Gram+
bacteria and typical yeast colonies. The resistance of microorganisms was decreased as phenol
concentration increases. The second series of experiments selected bacteria and yeast species were
used together. There was a better result of using a combination of different bacteria and bacteria
with yeast. The viability and resistance of microorganisms were observed up to 1500 mg/L
concentrations of phenol. As a result, a group of microorganisms were isolated and adapted to a
high concentration of phenol and their determination for Biodegradation of Phenol from
wastewater.
44
The increase in water demand and the reduction in water resources have made the wastewater
treatments more important. Among all process and strategies for managing wastewater in the
petrochemical industry, Biological treatment is one of the most effective, environmentally friendly
and energy-saving methods.
In conclusion, Initial experiments indicated that altered parameters in the effluent refinery
wastewater was decreasing unlike the influent. The viability and resistance of bacteria, yeast and
granulated microorganisms to high concentrations of phenol points to the possibility of their use
and preservation in the environmentally and energy efficient process of bioremediation.
Granulated-combined microorganisms which better results were observed for phenol
bioremediation can be an alternative wastewater treatment strategy.
Keywords: Phenol-degradation; Biodegradation, Wastewater.
45
Possible Roles of Insulin Signaling Pathway in Grooming Behavior
Kemal Karabag1, Berkant I. Yildiz2
1Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, 07058 Antalya, Turkey 2Akdeniz University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
The insulin signaling pathway is a highly conserved mechanism in vertebrate and invertebrates and
regulates many physiological processes such as metabolism, growth and development. Insulin
becomes functional after binding to insulin receptors in most tissues. Any disorder in the regulation
of insulin release or downstream signaling leads to a variety of metabolic diseases including
diabetes and obesity. Generally, researches have focused on the role of insulin signaling in
metabolism, cell proliferation, development, growth and aging. However, recent studies have
focused on the role of insulin in the regulation of insect behavior and in the interactions between
nerve circuits. In this review, we will focus on the possible effects of the insulin signaling pathway
on grooming behavior in honey bees.
Keywords: Honey bee, Insulin signaling pathway, Grooming behavior, Nerve circuit
46
Comparison of Nirs and Chemical Methods for the Some Quality Properties in Pea
(Pisum Sativum L.)
Hatice BOZOĞLU1 Reyhan KARAYEL2 Gülbahar ÇULHA3
In the legumes which are protein crops, breeding studies in terms of productivity and resistance to
stress conditions have focused weight in our country. Whereas, as the knowlodge level of
consumers increasing; their healthy, nutritious and protective food demans are also increasing.
Therefore, studies on quality of agricultural products need to be concentrated. Chemical analysis
of quality characteristics of legumes such as protein, starch, amylose, amino acids etc. are long-
term, laborious, expensive and at the same time creates environmental pollution. Therefore, more
environmentally friendly systems have been developed in recent years. NIRS (Near Infrared
Reflection System) is one of them.
In this study, it is aimed to determine the usability of NIRS by comparing and it’s and chemical
analysis of some quality properties of peas. For this reason, some properties in dry seed, fresh seed
and canned of pea genotypes (30 lines and 6 control varieties) grown in 4 different locations, at 2
sowing time (early sipring and winter) were determined with chemical method and NIRS (Foss
6500 model, part no:1001 1569 program). The results were compared with the t-test. The number
of samples for each analysis were 2592.
While the average of ash and P contents in dry seed, fresh seed and canned samples were similar,
there was a statistical difference between the methods in the t-test results. While there was no
statistical difference in the method comparison in the dry seed and fresh seed for protein analysis
but the difference was determined in canned samples. There was a statistical difference between
the methods of starch analysis. These results showed that milled dry seed samples for protein
analyis can be read in NIRS by pea program. For other features there were concluded that read
directly in the NIR instrument could not be or determining whether a mathematical formula can be
developed or the need for calibration of the program.
Keywords: Pea, NIRS, Quality Properties
47
Novel Approaches to Utilize Agri-Food Wastes (By-Products) for Potential Food Industrial
Applications
Rajeev Bhat* and Ivi Jõudu
ERA Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies, Estonian University of Life
Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
Sustainable use of agri-food industrial wastes and by-products holds high promise for value
addition. Going in-line with the global initiatives and the conspicuous concepts proposed by the
WHO for food wastes, food security and food sustainability, it is worth exploring valorization of
agriculture based wastes and by-products. Wastes and by-products are encountered along the entire
agri-food supply chain and can ensue at the 'on farm' or 'off farm' levels (from farm up to the table).
Besides, they also contribute to safe disposal issues and environmental pollution related stress. As
per the recent FAO report, vegetable wastes have created a significantly higher ‘carbon footprint’
while fruit wastes occurs as the major ‘blue water hotspot’, primarily in the industrialized countries
of Europe and Asia. Nevertheless, available reports indicate that these wastes/by-products to
contain high amounts of bioactive compounds and functional phytonutrients. Further, to technically
tap these wastes, novel biotechnological and food processing techniques needs to be adopted with
a sustainable approach. As of today, considerable interest has been shown towards recovery,
recycling and reuse of agri-wastes and by-products.
The present paper aims to summarize the author's contributions towards supporting the 'zero waste
concept' with minimal waste generation and maximal utilization of plant based agri-food raw
materials. In this paper/presentation, main focus and discussions will be made on the research
works undertaken on screening of vegetal wastes (fruits and vegetables), identifying the
nutraceutical potential (micro- and macro-nutrients, bioactive compounds, therapeutic activities,
etc), and the effective utilization of wastes/by-products in developing novel products for food
industrial applications. Apart from presenting interesting results, it is aimed to highlight the
existing gaps and future potential on valorization of agri-food wastes/by-products to provide a
valuable market niche.
Keywords: Wastes, Sustainable utilization, Valorization, Value addition
Acknowledgement
Project VALORTECH has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
and innovation programme under grant agreement No 810630.
48
In Different Regions, Evaluation of Yield and Morphological Characteristics of Registered
Chickpea (Cicerarietinum L.) Varieties
DürdaneMART1 [email protected],
Dr.Gülgün Öktem2, Meltem Türkeri1, Derya Yücel 1, Tolga Karaköy3, Dr. Süreyya Emre
Dumlu4, Evren Atmaca5, Nejda Çankaya6
1East MediterraneanAgriculturalResearchInstitute - ADANA,
2GAP AgriculturalResearchInstitute -URFA,
3University of Cumhuriyet Sivas MYO -SIVAS,
4 East AnatolianAgriculturalResearchInstitute - ERZURUM
55Transitional RegionalAgriculturalResearchInstitute -ESKIŞEHIR,
6Black SeaAgriculturalResearchInstitute -SAMSUN,
This research was conducted to evaluate regional adaptation of registered chickpea varieties, and
yield and some other characteristics related with yield were observed at trial plantations under
winter growing conditions of Mediterranean region at Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural
Research Institute, Adana location and South Eastern Anatolian region at GAP
AgriculturalResearchInstitute, Urfalocation in 2014year. Trials were conducted at Agricultural
Research Institute trial fields of both locations and 34 registered varieties were used for the study,
as 17 trial varieties and 3 controlvarieties at eachtrial, 20 genotype, doubletrial plan. Duringstudies,
evaluations in Adana locationin themediterraneanand in the Southeastern Anatolia at Urfa location
were evaluated for winter growing. The highest and lowest yield results in 2014sowing in Adana
locationfortrial-I were176 kg/da and394 kg/da and for trial-II were82.4kg/da and389 kg/da. The
highest and lowest yield results in 2014-2015 sowing in Urfa location for trial-I were 98.30kg/da
and202.41 kg/da and for trial-II were85.2kg/da and188.7 kg/da.
Keywords: Chickpea, RegisteredVarieties, Adaptation
Acknowledgement
In this study, TUBITAK 1003 Project is supported by 113O070 numbered project.
49
Ascochyta Blight (Ascochytarabiei) Tolerance Of Registered Chickpea (Cicerarietinum L.)
Varieties at Southeastern Anatolia Region
Dürdane MART1 [email protected],
Gülgün Öktem2, Canan Can3, İlker Özyiğit4,
1East MediterraneanAgriculturalResearchInstitute - ADANA,
2GAP AgriculturalResearchInstitute -URFA,
3University of Gaziantep, Faculty of Biology -GAZIANTEP,
4University of Marmara, Faculty of Biology -İSTANBUL
This research was conducted to evaluatedisease tolerance/resistance of 34 registered chickpea
(Ciceraritinum L.) varieties at Southeastern Anatolia region during winter sowing conditions at
diseasegardens of GAP Agricultural Research Institutetrial area. During 2014 sowing season, 4
different diseasegardens for 4 different pathotypes have been planted from registered chickepa
varieties and tolerance of the varieties is studied through observation sandreadings. During trials,
34 registered chickpea varieties are evaluated and Canitezvariety, which is known to be sensitive
against disease is used as control variety. During this study, artificialinoculation of 4 pathotypes
that were identified at Turkish legumeplantati on areas was made at diseasegardens of Adana
triallocation, and evaluations are made on suitibility of the registered varietiest the region for
winter sowings, through diseasereadings made on day 7, day 14 andday 21 based on 1-9 scale.
From diseasegardentrial sconducted by artificialinoculation of 4 pathotypes, lowes tscoresare
obtained from Pathotype 1 application sand highest score sare obtained from Pathotype 4
applications.
Keywords: Chickpea, Registered Varieties, Ascochyta Blight
Acknowledgement
Inthisstudy, TUBITAK 1003 Project is supportedby 113O070 numberedproject.
50
Antifungal Potential of Bacillus and Trichoderma Isolates Against Phytophthora Capsici
Under Laboratory Conditions
Muhammad Zohaib Anjum
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
Email: [email protected]
Biocontrol is an environment friendly and proficient way to manage the plant diseases which leads
to comes true the dream of organic farming. In present study different antagonistic assays (dual
culture, volatile and nonvolatile metabolite) were used to investigate the antifungal activity of three
already molecular characterized isolates of Trichoderma viz, Trichoderma asperellum TH,
Trichoderma harzianum HM, Trichoderma harzianum HK and two morphologically characterized
isolates of Bacillus subtilis against Phytophthora capsici (Leonian) a threating pathogen of fruit
rot of chili. Results showed that all the antagonist inhibited the radial growth of tested pathogen.
In dual culture assay, T. asperellum TH showed maximum (61.6%) mycelial growth inhibition
followed by Bacillus subtilis A (54.3%), T. harzianum HK (51.4%), T. harzianum HM (47.2%)
and Bacillus subtilis B (41.5%). Culture filtrate (Extracted metabolites/ nonvolatile metabolites)
were proved as more efficient inhibitor of pathogen as compared to volatile metabolites.
Nonvolatile metabolites of T. asperellum TH showed maximum inhibition (44.5%) and minimum
inhibition showed by Bacillus subtilis B (29.1%) while volatile metabolites of T. asperellum TH
showed maximum inhibition (28.3%) and Bacillus subtilis B (11.5%) gave minimum inhibition as
compared to other tested biocontrol agents against fruit rot pathogen. On the basis of results, it is
concluded that biocontrol agents have great potential to manage the P. capsici in a better way.
Keywords: Chili rot, Phytophthora capsici, Antagonist, Bacillus, Trichoderma, Metabolites
51
Establishment of Entomopathogenic Fungi as Endophytes in Tomato Plants
*Muhammad Zohaib Anjum1,2, Zafar Iqbal1 and Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1
1 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha,
40100, Pakistan
2 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
*E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Entomopathogenic fungi are present in diverse habitats. Recently, different unexpected roles of
fungal entomopathogens are reported like their presence as endophytes, plant growth promoters
and plant disease antagonists. Present study was performed to examine the colonizing ability of
two entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces lilacinus in two tomato
varieties (Rio Grande and Napoli) by using gnotobiotic assay. Seeds of both varieties were coated
with each entomopathogenic fungi at two concentrations (1×108 and 1×109 conidia ml-1). Percent
colonization and seed germination were determined after three weeks. Results showed that both
entomopathogenic fungi have colonizing ability and better seed germination rate as compared to
control treatment. Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces lilacinus were recovered from sections of
leaf, stem and root plated on selective media. At both concentrations, colonization of Paecilomyces
lilacinus was higher in both tomato varieties as compared to Beauveria bassiana. Higher conidial
concentration rate increase the colonization percentage. Colonization of Paecilomyces lilacinus in
Rio Grande was greater than Napoli (100 and 84% respectively) while colonization of Beauveria
bassiana in Rio Grande was also higher than Napoli (69 and 61% respectively) at 1×109 conidia
ml-1. At conidial concentration of 1×108 conidia ml-1, colonization of both entomopathogenic
fungi was higher in Rio Grande as compared to Napoli. Maximum seed germination percentage
was observed in Beauveria bassiana treated seeds of Napoli variety than Rio Grande as compared
to Paecilomyces lilacinus treated seeds at 1×109 conidia ml-1.
Keywords: Tomato, Entomopathogenic fungi, Endophytisim, Seed germination
52
Research on Special Aims of Enterprise According to Production Subject at
Furniture Industry
Hasan SERİN1, Yunus ŞAHİN2
1Prof. Dr., Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Endüstri
Mühendisliği Bölümü 46040 Kahramanmaraş /E-posta: [email protected] 2Araş. Gör, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi, Orm.an Endüstri
Mühendisliği Bölümü 46040 Kahramanmaraş /E-posta: [email protected]
Enterprises have to determine their aims before they get success and correct decision. The
enterprises have basic and special aims from top management to sub departments. The basic aims
are valid for all the enterprises but the special aims change according to the enterprise’s conditions.
Furniture industry has important place in forestry industry. There are not many researches about
special aims at furniture enterprises.
In this research, it has been determined that special aims such as general image, market share of
furniture enterprises were researched in reference to production subject at organized industrial
zones in Turkey. The most of surveys were filled Bursa, Ankara, İstanbul, and Kayseri where the
furniture industry is commonly. The general image took first place at enterprises produced
miscellaneous furniture; the productivity took first place at enterprises produced sitting group-sofa-
hide a bed; the quality took first place at enterprises produced teen room. On the contrary labor
relations took last place at enterprises produced door-table-chair-profile.
Keywords: Private Sector Objectives, Enterprise, furniture, production
53
The Important ın Terms of Health of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Şahane Funda Arslanoğlu Selim Aytaç Ali Kemal Ayan
Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops
Samsun-TURKEY
The flax is one of the oldest known cultivated plants of the World that that benefited from seeds
and fibers. It is an important nutrient because of the rich α-linolenic acid (ALA, omega-3 fatty
acid), lignans, short chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, soluble and insoluble fibers, phytoestrogenic
lignans (secoisolariciresinol diglycoside-SDG), waxy and mucilage compounds, protein and
antioxidant compounds. In addition, the seed contains components effective in reducing
cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, digestive system, urinary tract disorders, osteoporosis, cancer,
arthritis, autoimmune and neurological diseases. Seed protein content varies between 20-30%, of
which approximately 80% consists of globulins (linine and conlinin) and 20% glutelines. The
amino acid level is so rich and gluten-free that it can be compared with soy. The unconscious
consumption of seed may cause toxicity due to trypsin, myo-inositol phosphate inhibitors,
cadmium and cyanogenic glycosides in the seed. The seed should be consumed as milled flour after
absolute heat treatment. Side effects may be seen in pregnant and young men due to hormonal
effects of lignan. It may be oxidized shortly after grinding due to the fatty acids present in the seed.
Flax fibers (Linen) have been used in house and fabric textiles, sailing and tent making since 5000
BC. The fibers are gold-yellow in color, the qualitative and moisture absorption capacity is very
low, easily creasing. For this reason, the linen keeps the skin cool and does not sweat. Fiber is also
an important source for healthy insulation materials, biocomposites, structural application
materials for automotive, contributing both to the environment and to human health. In this paper,
the effects of flax on human health and methods of traditional uses in Turkey were discussed.
Keywords: Flax, traditional uses, seed, lignan, health
54
Cbd and the Content of Cannabis Genotypes of Turkey
S. Aytaç1, Ş. F Arslanoğlu1, A.K. Ayan1, Ş. Gizlenci2, A. Efendioğlu2
1Ondokuzmayıs University
2Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute
In this study, the detection of the village population for many years cultivated in Turkey in order
THC and CBD content was produced in 2018. In the study, 8 village populations collected from
the producers in 2014 harvest year, 1 village population gathered in 2015 harvest year, 34 hemp
(C. Sativa L.) genotype obtained from Gene Bank of the Aegean Agricultural Research Institute of
the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock and 3 cultivars brought from abroad including a
low THC (Uso-31, Ferimon 12 and Santhica 27). Totally 46 genotype was used this research. Nine
populations obtained from producers; they have produced themselves for many years. Populations
were collected legally from producers engaged in fiber production. Seeds were sown in greenhouse
conditions on September 15, 2017. The necessary maintenance works were carried out and the
seeds were harvested in January 2018. Samples from female plants were subjected to GC analysis
and CBD and THC ratios were determined. According to the results; THC ratios of genotypes
ranged from 0.00% to 6.04%. CBD rates are; It has changed between 0.60-17.37%. According to
these data; Turkey hemp genotypes vary in terms of THC and CBD.
Keywords: Hemp, CBD, THC, Turkey
55
Research on Relation Level Among Management and Departments at Sme Furniture
Enterprises
Hasan SERİN1, Yunus ŞAHİN2
1Prof. Dr., Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Endüstri
Mühendisliği Bölümü 46040 Kahramanmaraş /E-posta: [email protected] 2Araş. Gör., Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Endüstri
Mühendisliği Bölümü 46040 Kahramanmaraş /E-posta: [email protected]
Enterprises are divided into departments to get better using of machines, materials, and work
power. Resources productivity by management and taking right decisions depend on the relations
among to department and inside the enterprise. Also, the good relation among the top management
and departments contributes taking suitable decisions and managing the enterprise effectively. At
this research, it was determined that the relation among the top management and departments
studied with five point likert scale method by face to face survey method. This survey was made
at 302 furniture enterprises in 24 organized industrial zones. The research data were examined by
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software. It was accepted as micro
enterprises (9 and less person), small enterprises (10-49 person), middle sized enterprises (50-99
person) and large sized enterprises (100 and more person). It was determined that the relation levels
among the top management and departments were purchase department as first rank for micro and
small enterprises; manufacturing department as first rank for middle and large sized enterprises.
Keywords: Communication, SME, furniture, management
56
A Research on Raw Material Problem at Small and Medium Sized Furniture Enterprises in
Mersin Province, Turkey
Hasan SERİN1, Yunus ŞAHİN2
1Prof. Dr., Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Endüstri
Mühendisliği Bölümü 46040 Kahramanmaraş /E-posta: [email protected] 2Araş. Gör., Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Endüstri
Mühendisliği Bölümü 46040 Kahramanmaraş /E-posta: [email protected]
Raw material supply is one of the basic activities of manufacture enterprises. Supplying raw
material in desired quality and quantity has a critical importance for enterprises at answering
customer requests and maintaining their lifetimes. Furniture enterprises which their main activities
are manufacture basically use forest products as raw material. Solid wood, fiberboard,
particleboard and glued laminated timber are important raw material constituents in manufacture
process. Absence of these raw materials and arising of private consumption areas have revealed
raw material problems for furniture enterprises. In this research, raw material problems that small
and medium sized furniture enterprises in Mersin province, Turkey are researched. In the scope of
study, some subjects are examined such as raw material problems, raw material stocks, marketing,
mostly used raw materials, intended use of raw materials. As general results of this research, these
are pointed out that furniture enterprises don’t have raw material supply problems, can’t keep out
raw material stock because of various reasons notably undercapitalization and 95,8% of enterprises
product according to order.
Keywords: Furniture enterprises, raw material, survey, Turkey
57
The Effects of Betaine and Zing on Growth Parameters of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
Aziz Şatana
Erciyes University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Crops Science, 38030, Melikgazi,
Kayseri, Turkey
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different betaine doses in sugar beet. The
research was conducted at North Dakota State University Agriculture Experiment Station Research
Greenhouse Complex, Fargo, ND, USA. Betaine (B) and Zinc (Zn) fertilizer and combinations of
them were used in pot experiments. Both application doses were 0, 1, 2 and 3 l/da, have been and
namely B0, B1, B2, B3 and Zn0, Zn1, Zn2, Zn3, respectively. According to the results; the highest
plant height, wet weight and dry weight were B2G1 dose as 30.30 cm, 90.95 g and 41.74 g,
respectively.
Keywords: Sugar Beet, Betaine, Zinc, Fertilizer, Growth Parameters
58
The Effects of Waste Lime and Raffinate on Growth Parameters of Sugar Beet
(Beta vulgaris L.)
Aziz Şatana
Erciyes University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Crops Science, 38030, Melikgazi,
Kayseri, Turkey
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different betaine doses in sugar beet. The
research was conducted at North Dakota State University Agriculture Experiment Station Research
Greenhouse Complex, Fargo, ND, USA. Waste Lime (WL) and raffinate (R) fertilizer and
combinations of them were used in pot experiments. Both application doses were 0, 1, 2 and 3 l/da,
have been and namely WL0, WL1, WL2, WL3 and R0, R1, R2, R3, respectively. According to the
results; the highest plant height, wet weight and dry weight were WL2R1 dose as 35.20 cm, 82.69
g and 39.83 g, respectively.
Keywords: Sugar Beet, Waste Lime, Raffinate, Fertilizer, Growth Parameters
59
IR & Raman Spectral Analysis through DFT Calculations of Ambrisentan
Hatice Arı
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yozgat Bozok University,
Yozgat, Turkey
Ambrisentan, as indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension, is a selective
endothelin-A receptor antagonist which is demonstrated to have lower risk for transaminase
elevation. Its selectivity for the endothelin-A receptor may provide an advantage to eliminate the
vasoconstrictor effects of endothelin-A receptors and the vasodilatory and clearance properties
inherent to endothelin-B receptors.
Ambrisentan is multifunctional chemical compound with C22H22N2O4 chemical formula and (2S)-
2-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]-3-methoxy-3,3-diphenylpropanoic acid IUPAC name. It has
an interesting chemical structure with three aromatic rings, carboxylic acid, two etheric and
heterocyclic groups which can be investigated easily and effectively by vibrational spectroscopic
theoretical techniques via DFT calculation. The conformer analysis, geometry optimization and
vibrational (IR and Raman) spectral analysis have been carried out by DFT/B3LYP with 6-
31G(d,p) basis set. The HOMO&LUMO energies, additionally, were calculated to determine the
intra molecular charge transfers within the molecule. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP)
was obtained as well.
Four conformers for ambrisentan have been obtained from the conformer analysis. The most stable
conformer has 76% population. It has 50 atoms possessing 144 vibrational degrees of freedom
which should be observed both in IR and Raman spectra due to the low symmetry (C1) of the
molecule. The electronic transition from HOMO to LUMO associates with electron density
transition from the phenyl parts to the dimethylpyrimidin part of the most stable conformer. The
LUMO-HOMO energy gap was calculated as 5.24 eV. MEP shows that the positive region is
mainly localized on hydrogen atom of OH group whereas the negative regions are mostly located
over the carbonyl oxygen atom and the pyrimidine nitrogen
Keywords: Ambrisentan, IR-Raman, DFT, MEP.
60
Theoretical Study of Begacestat used as a drug for Alzheimer Disease
Talat Özpozan
Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TR
Dementia is a serious problem in elderly people cause by Alzheimer’s disease. Researches on
Alzheimer’s disease therapy have been pretty successful in terms of developing symptomatic
treatments although there have been several failures in terms of developing disease-modifying
therapies. Many ongoing clinical and experimental studies are encouraging but we need to a single
cure for Alzheimer’s disease to find an approach to drug development for this disorder to
reconsider.
Begacestat (BGCS) has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Alzheimer
Disease. It has a chemical formula of C9H8Cl6NO3S2 and known with IUPAC name “5-chloro-N-
[(2S)-4,4,4-trifluoro-1-hydroxy -3-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-yl]thiophene-2-sulfonamide”. BGCS
has a typical drug structure with 2 trifluromethyl, sulfonamide and chlorothiophene groups. In this
study, the basic physicochemical features have been theoretically studied and their importance in
terms of chemical active sites charge distributions and potential surfaces have been discussed. The
calculations of these properties were achieved using DFT/B3LYP method with 6-31G(d,p). The
calculated properties of BGCS including the molecular electrostatic potential maps (MEP),
HOMO-LUMO, IR-Raman Spectra gave critical information for BGCS.
Three conformational isomers are obtained for the molecule with a decreasing populations in the
orders for the conformers 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The MEP Surfaces showed that the positive
charges are located on N-H hydrogen and the negative charges are located over sulfonyl and
hydroxyl oxygens. HOMO & LUMO energy gab was obtained as 5.23 eV. The presence of
characteristic functional groups C-F, C-Cl, C=O, C-N, O=S=O, S-C, etc. was shown by the
vibrational spectral analyses including IR & Raman. The results of these analytical data showed
that BGCS can be used as a potentially active drug in terms of its chemical outputs.
61
Composite PBI based HTPE Membranes with 2D Vermiculite Nanolayers Aligned Through
Electric Field
Omer KARPUZ1,2,
F. Jale GULEN2
1GUMUSHANE UNIVERSITY, Gumushane, 29100, Turkey
2YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, Istanbul, 34349, Turkey
Addition of two-dimensional (2D) nanolayers of vermiculite (VNL) to polybenzimidazole (PBI)
and Polybenzimidazole with ether unit based membranes through an electric field during casting
has been studied. Exfoliated 2D vermiculite sheets have been applied in previous works such as
reinforcement materials, ion exchangers or catalysts. Alignment of nanomaterials with the help of
electric field causes improvement in many features such as conductivity. Both high-temperature
environment PBI-based membranes were synthesized via condensation polymerization with
microwave assistance. Presence of aligned VNLs within polymer membrane structure yielded
increased acid doping amount and conductivity which are the most important feature for high-
temperature proton exchange membranes (HTPEM). Introduction of the VNLs to the structure of
PBI based HTPEMs did not cause any negative impact to mechanical properties and chemical
stabilities of the membranes.
Keywords: Nanoclay, Vermiculite; HT-PEMFC; Polybenzimidazole
62
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
63
Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Capability in Mono and Intercropping with Basil
(Ocimum basilicum L.) for Copper Phytoextraction by EDTA and Humic Acid
Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nassab* 1, Faezeh Movahedpour 1,
Nosratollah Najafi 2 and Rouhollah Amini 1
1. Dept. of Plant Eco-Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran
2. Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran
A lot of contaminants enter to the environment, yearly and cause accumulation of heavy metals in
soil such as copper (Cu). In order to investigate the growth traits and Cu concentration in differen
t organs of Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in contaminated soil by application of amendment in
mono and intercropping systems, a greenhouse experiment was carried out as factorial based on r
andomized complete block design with three replications. The factors included soil amendment (E
DTA and humic acid) application at three levels as control (without amendment), 29.2 and 2.5 mg
.kg-1 EDTA and humic acid, respectively, and four levels of copper in soil as control (without Cu)
, 100, 200 and 300 mg Cu.kg-1 soil. High level of copper application in soil, reduced shoot and ro
ot dry weight and grain yield, but increased Cu concentration in different organs of B. napus in m
ono and intercropping systems. Amendments had considerable role in enhancement of growth trai
ts in monocropping system unlike intercropping system, also stimulated Cu translocation from soi
l to the aerial parts of plant, however the highest values of Cu concentration were recorded in root
. The effect of intercropping system in Cu translocation from root toward shoot and soil toward sh
oot in both of TF (translocation factor) and BCF (bioaccumulation coefficient), respectively was
more than monocropping system of B. napus. According to critical level of copper toxicity in rega
rd to relative shoot dry matter and relative grain yield of B. napus, monocropping system increase
s tolerance to Cu toxicity than intercropping system especially when accompanied EDTA, so, 10
% of decrease in relative shoot dry matter and relative grain yield was obtained by 300 and 265 m
g Cu.kg-1 soil, respectively.
Keywords: Amendment, Copper concentration, Growth traits, Oilseed rape
64
Effects of Climate Conditions on Some Quantitative Traits of Burley Tobacco
Karolina Kocoska
St. Kliment Ohridski University – Bitola, Scientific Tobacco Institute – Prilep
Investigations were carried out in the Experimental field of the Scientific Tobacco Institute – Prilep
during 2014 and 2015 with four foreign varieties of Burley tobacco (Hy-71Ø, B-963, SA-130, B-
197/13) and two domestic male-sterile hybrid lines (B-209/13 CMS F1 and B-225/13 CMS F1).
The trial was set up in 4 replicates using the randomized block design at 90 × 50 cm spacing. Two
hoeings were performed and the plants were nourished with 5g 26% of KAN. During the growing
season, several additional irrigations were made. Tobacco leaves were then stringed, matured and
cured in special barns for Burley tobacco (air-curing). The qualitative assessment of cured tobacco
was made according to the Rules for unique measurement of quality of Burley tobacco leaf. The
adjusted yield per stalk and hectare were The trial was designed in randomized blocks with four
replicates. Meteorological conditions during the growing season (June – September) were recorded
in the Meteorological Station located in the field of the Institute. The aim of investigations was to
study the influence of climate conditions on some quantitative traits of raw material obtained from
Burley tobacco varieties and lines. The climate conditions were relatively good for production of
Burley tobacco, but for normal development of plants during the driest months July and August,
several irrigations of tobacco were applied. Тobacco was assessed according to the Uniform criteria
for evaluation of raw tobacco quality. Data for each year of investigation were statistically
processed using the method of analysis of variance and LSD test. All varieties and lines grown in
the same soil and climate conditions showed absolute dominance of the new lines B-225/13 CMS
F1 and B-209/13 CMS F1 created in the Scientific Tobacco Institute – Prilep over the other
varieties, which was statistically confirmed. From a practical point of view, these results can be a
good guideline to tobacco growers in selection of tobacco variety.
65
The Effects of Hb-101 and Supplementary Fertilizers Foliar Application on the Yields and
Some Morphological and Quality Characteristics of Forage Sorghum
(Sorghum Bicolor L. Var. Speed Feed)
Reza Amirnia*1, Roya Karimi1, Mahdi Ghiyasi1, Shiva Sadighfard2
1Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran 2Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Gaziosmanpasha University, Tokat, Turkey
The present experiment was carried out on the bases of randomized complete block design with
three replications in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station in Khoy during the crop
year of 2018. Treatments included HB-101 (Growth stimulus, 1cc/lit), macro (NPK 20-20-20,
2cc/lit), micro (Fe (3%), Zn (2%), Mn (0.5%), Cu (0.5%), Mg (1%), Mo (0.03%), B (1%), 2cc/lit)
and water (Control). Results showed that the effect of spraying treatments on crude fiber, soluble
fiber in acidic and neutral detergents and yield were significant but their effect on height and
number of leaves were not meaningful. The spraying decreased qualitative characteristics reviewed
(crude fiber, soluble fiber in acidic and neutral detergents). Spraying water (Control) had the
highest crude fiber, soluble fiber in acidic and neutral detergents. The highest forage yield was
obtained from foliar application of HB-101, and lowest was dedicated to spraying water (Control).
According to the results, HB-101, supplementary fertilizers are beneficial for improving the growth
conditions of forage sorghum and are recommended.
Keywords: Fiber, HB-101, Sorghum, Supplementary Fertilizers, Yield.
66
The Effect of Different Organic Fertilizers on Some Quantitative and Qualitative
Characteristics of Two Savory Species
(Satureja Khuzestanica and S. Rechingeri)
Reza Amirnia, Asma Bastami, Mahdi Ghiyasi
1Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran
For comparison of the growth characteristics and quantitative yield and essential oil of two savory
species (Satureja khuzestanica and S. rechingeri) in response to different fertilizers, this factorial
experiment was carried out based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in
the north of Loresatan province during 2017. Treatments examined include of three species
mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae, G.intraradicese and G. fasciculatum), fish and cattle manure,
vermicompost (in two forms: soil and solution), Barvar-2 biofertilizer (Phosphate, Nitrogen,
potassium) and Control. Results showed that the most dry weight (1/36 ton/ha) was obtained from
the treatment of soluble cattle manure on khuzestanica species. The highest plant height and
number of branches (40 cm and 45 respectively) were obtained from treatment of vermicompost
solution on khouzestanica species. But the highest percentage of essential oil (6.6%) was obtained
from the treatment of mycorrhiza intraradicese on rechingeri species, which had a significant
increase compared to the control.
Keywords: Dry weight, Essential oil content, Fish manure, Mycorrhiza, Vermicompost
67
Impact of Climatic Factors on the Production Properties of Some Varieties of Type Jaka
Gordana Miceska, Miroslav Dimitrieski
“St.Kliment Ohridski”-University- Bitola, Scientific tobacco institute-Prilep,
Republic of North Macedonia
e-mail:[email protected]
Despite the climate and soil, genotypic characteristics of tobacco is one of the most important
factors in getting quality tobacco raw. During 2016 and 2017 in the experimental field of Scientific
Tobacco Institute were set up field trials with five lines and varieties of type Jaka in order to
examine the impact of climate conditions on morphological and production characteristics of the
studied lines and varieties.
From the investigation we came to the conclusion that climate conditions significantly influence in
the production characteristics of the tested varieties. The distinctively dry year 2017 reduced by
20-30% yield per stalk and hectare compared to the 2016 year which was an extremely wet year
but the schedule of rainfall and relative humidity during the vegetation period of tobacco from May
to September were favorable for good growth and development of tobacco plants resulted in greater
yield per blade and hectare in some of the tested varieties.
Keywords: Oriental Tobacco, Variety, Type Jaka
68
The Influence of Food Fibers on the Consumer’s Health
Steluța RADU
University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
The food fibers are polysaccharides of vegetable origin that may be soluble or insoluble. The
scientific research shows that some of the dietary fibers like cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin
have a structural role in its plant sources, being insoluble in water. Another part of the food fibers
have a repairing role and are soluble in water. This category includes pectins, gums, mucilages and
hemicelluloses. However, some people with medical problems were recommended them to have a
low fiber diet for a certain period of time. Sometimes diet rich in insoluble fiber is irritating to the
digestive tract. Such a diet is beneficial in treatments for: abdominal cramps, ulcerative colitis,
intestinal blockage, after surgery on the digestive tract.
In experimentals it followed the hydration of the insoluble and soluble fiber of some vegetables
such as: potatoes, cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, tomatoes, cucumber, red pepper, peppers, celery,
carrot, parsnip, green peas, green beans, beans, as basic food for the human nutrition.
In the same time we investigated the capacity of hydrated fibers at different times : after 6, 12 and
24 hours. Depending on the degree of hydration of the food fibers, the specific particle absorption
surface increases, there by accelerating the intestinal transit.
The results of the research shows that the beans, the green beans, the green peas, the tomatoes and
the cauliflower had a very good absorption capacity on the fibers(between 68-100%). So that, the
digestibility of these vegetables is also higher than other vegetables because the surface formed by
the food bowl particles increases by the absorption of water.
After 24 hours the pH values have decreased, which means the occurrence of fermentative
phenomena. This affects the food’s digestibility because the alcoholic fermentation produces
carbonic acid, which can cause the discomfort, disrupting the normal functioning of the digestive
tract.
Keywords: vegetables digestibility and absorbtion capacity of fibers
69
In Vitro Examination of the Effects of Some Fungicides on the Biocontrol Agent
Trichoderma harzianum – Contribution to the Compatibility in Tobacco Production
Biljana Gveroska
University "St. Kliment Ohridski" – Bitola, Scientific Tobacco Institute-Prilep
,Nort Republic of Macedonia
e-mail: [email protected]
One of the powerful mechanisms of the biocontrol activity of the genus Trichoderma is а tolerance
to pesticides, and their synergistic effect with fungicides is also pointed. The use of these properties,
in particular, compatibility in specific production conditions would contribute to increasing their
efficacy.
The aim of these studies was to determine the influence of the most commonly used active
ingredients in tobacco production on the biocontrol agent Trichoderma. hazianum, which is
distinguished by its biocontrol activity to numerous pathogenic fungi that cause tobacco diseases.
Fungicides Top M 0.1% (70% thiophanate -methyl), Folicur EW -250 0.1% (Tebuconazole 250 g
/ l) and the combination Top M 0.1% + Proplant 722 SL 0.15% (70% thiophanate -Methyl +722 g
/ l propamocarb) showed a strong reducing effect on the development of T. harzianum.
The majority of fungicides, contact and systemic, with the expiry of the examination period, reduce
or lose the negative impact on the development of this BCA
The strong reducing effect in systemic fungicides Quadris 25 SC (250 g / l azoxystrobin) 0.15%
and Galben M (8% benalaxyl + 65% mancozeb) 0.25% is lowered to moderate.
Systemic fungicides Proplant 722 SL (722 g / l propamocarb), Signum 33WG 0.1% (267 g / kg
boscalid + 67 g / kg pyraclostrobin), Armetil M 0.3% (8% metallaxyl + 64% mancozeb) and
Agrizole 250 -EC 0.05% (Diphenoconazole 250 g / l) on the 10th day have no reducing effect.
These results are important for the correct and timely application of the biocontrol agent to prevent
the reduction of its population and, of course, the choice of fungicide without harmfull effect on
the presence of this agent.
The contribution to compatibility will allow the creation of aplication model for this biocontrol
agent in specific conditions of tobacco production with the use of fungicides, which will achieve a
greater effect in the protection against various diseases.
Keywords: Trichoderma hazianum, fungicide, active ingredient, reducing effect
70
Physical Characteristics of the Leaf in Some Oriental Varieties And Lines Of
Yaka Tobacco
Miroslav Dimitrieski, Gordana Miceska
St. “Kliment Ohridski”, Bitola, Scientific Tobacco Institute-Prilep
e-mail: [email protected]
Physical characteristics of tobacco leaves are the basic indicator which enables the assessment of
tobacco quality in practice. They reflect the structure and chemical composition of leaf and are
closely related to the smoking and taste properties of tobacco. In most cases there is a consistent
relationship between chemical composition, anatomical structure, numerous external organoleptic
properties and physical traits of tobacco leaf, which are widely used in determination of tobacco
quality (Timov et al., 1974). The study of the dependence between the quality of tobacco and its
physical properties is of particular importance, because they determine the so-called technological-
commercial quality of leaf tobacco (Uzunovski, 1985).
Considering their great importance in the industrial processing of tobacco, some major physical
properties (leaf substantiality, thickness and midrib content) of five newly created aromatic
varieties and lines of Yaka tobacco were analyzed and compared to the standard variety YV 125/3.
Keywords: tobacco, Oriental, Yaka, physical properties
71
Microbiological quality assesment of food in children
M. Lika (Çekani)1, Dh. Torba2, M. Xhetani1
1Department of Biology, University of Tirana, Boulevard “Zogu i Parë” , 1001 Tirana, Albania 2Institute of Public Health, Rr. “Aleksander Moisiu, no.12, 1001 Tirana, Albania
Assessment of Microbiological load on Vegetables, which are used from human, has been
conducted on microbiological problems relating to the safety and spoilage of vegetables in
recent years. It considers incidences of human pathogen contamination, sources of microbial
contamination, microbial attachment to produce surfaces, intractable spoilage problems,
efficacy of sanitizing treatments for fresh produce, novel interventions for produce disinfection,
and methodology for microbiological evaluation of fruits and vegetables. The number of
documented outbreaks of human infections associated with the consumption of raw fruits,
vegetables, and unpasteurized fruit juices has increased in recent years.
Food safety is a major focus of food microbiology. Numerous agents of disease, pathogens, are
readily transmitted via food, including bacteria, and viruses. Microbial toxins are also possible
contaminants of food. However, microorganisms and their products can also be used to combat
these pathogenic microbes. Probiotic bacteria, including those that produce bacteriocins, can
kill and inhibit pathogens. Alternatively, purified bacteriocins such as nisin can be added
directly to food products. Bacteriophages, viruses that only infect bacteria, can be used to kill
bacterial pathogens.[5] Thorough preparation of food, including proper cooking, eliminates most
bacteria and viruses. However, toxins produced by contaminants may not be liable to change to
non-toxic forms by heating or cooking the contaminated food due to other safety conditions.
Microbiology of food has been conducted on microbiological problems relating to the safety
and spoilage of food, especially fruits and vegetables in recent years. It considers incidences of
human pathogen contamination, sources of microbial contamination, microbial attachment to
produce surfaces, intractable spoilage problems, efficacy of sanitizing treatments for fresh
produce, novel interventions for produce disinfection, and methodology for microbiological
evaluation of fruits and vegetables. The number of documented outbreaks of human infections
associated with the consumption of raw fruits, vegetables, and unpasteurized fruit juices has
increased in recent years. The present paper shows data related to a microbiologic survey on
microbiologic quality of fresh fruit and vegetables, used in nutrition diet. This study consist in
carrying out bacteriological assessment, the identification of risk factors, which may affect their
contamination and in laying the groundwork for the establishment in Albanian standards on
microbiological quality of food.
The survey has started at 2017 and actually is going on. A total of 7184 bacteriological
examinations were tested. A total of 620 samples tested and no sample of Powdered Infant
72
Formula (PIF) was found contaminated with Cronobacter sakazakii. Results of our study
confirmed that only one isolate of Salmonella spp. was found present from 340 sample tested.
Microbiologic analyses were performed at Microbiology Laboratory at Faculty of Natural
Sciences and the Food Microbiology Laboratory at Public Health Institute, Tirana. For sample
analyses are used classic methods and ISO too. For some suspected cases of Escherichia coli
O157: H7 were used test kits. The presence of some microorganisms were found in 14% of
samples to Hafnia alvei, Enterobacter agglomerans 12.9%, Salmonella spp 0.2%, etc. 83.7%
of the examinee samples for E. coli was found to be satisfactory microbiological quality, while
5,6% resulted to be of “unsatisfactory”.
Keywords: food, bacterial load, microbiological quality, E. coli, Enterobacter, pathogens
73
Catalase-Co2+ Bionanohybrid (CatCoNh)
Nalan Özdemir, Burcu Somtürk Yılmaz, Firdevs Geçili
Erciyes University, Faculty of Science, Melikgazi, 38038 Kayseri, Turkey
Protein–inorganic hybrid nanostructures with flower-like shapes (bio nano flowers;
bionanohybrids) have been prepared using a variety of proteins, enzymes, small organic molecules
and a bio-inspired approach. When an enzyme was used as the protein component, the nanoflowers
exhibited increased enzymatic activity compared to the free enzyme. However, this technique is
still relatively new and the factors affecting the formation of enzyme-inorganic nano-flowers are
not well defined.
In this study, a protein-inorganic nanohybrid with flower-like shape was synthesized by using
catalase as protein component and Co2+ as the inorganic component. To synthesis of Catalase-Co2+
Nanohybrids (CatCoNh), a 120 mM Co2+ stock solution in ultrapure water was freshly prepared.
Then, a ceratin amount of Co2+ stock solution was added to a ceratin amount of 10 mM PBS
solution, containing 0.02 mg mL−1 catalase. This final mixture was vigorously agitated, and was
then left undisturbed for incubation for 3 days. After incubation, the growth process of CatCoNh
was complete and the mixture was centrifuged to obtain purple precipitate. The collected CatCoNh
powder was washed at least 3 times with water in order to remove unreacted components. Finally,
the CatCoNh precipitates were dried under vacuum at room temperature. We examined the effects
of the synthesis conditions on the formation of Catalase-Co2+ Nanohybrids (CatCoNh) using some
technique such as FTIR XRD, and EDX spectroscopy and SEM. To calculate the encapsulation
yields of the nanohybrid, Bradford assay was used.
Keywords: Protein-inorganic hybrid structures, Nanoflowers, Catalase
74
Grazing of Local Breeds of Livestock as a Tool to Maintain Biodiversity of Grasslands in
the Polish Carpathians
Kamila Musiał, Jacek Walczak
National Research Institute of Animal Production, Department of Production Systems and
Environment, ul. Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland, email:[email protected]
Pastoralism involves extensive breeding of livestock, by using seminatural pastures, often seasonal
ones. It is widespread in areas where farming is either impossible or unprofitable. In Polish
environmental conditions, pastoralism is concentrated mainly in Carpathians. Despite the fact that
sheep production in Poland is nowadays perceived as bringing small income, a tradition of keeping
sheep has been strongly rooted in the Carpathians` culture and it is a way of life there. The aim of
the study was an evaluation of linkage between tradition of grazing local breeds of livestock, and
the biodiversity of grasslands. Field research was carried out in 2018 and consisted of 50
phytosociological releves by Braun-Blanquet method, each on the surface of 100m², in vegetation
grazed extensively by polish mountain sheep and ungrazed. A place of research was one of the
mountain ranges of Carpatians - Beskid Sadecki. There were estimated number of vascular plant
species, fodder value and natural values of selected grassland associations: Gladiolo-Agrostietum
capillaris and Cirsietum rivularis. In Gladiolo-Agrostietum capillaris there were found in
particular releves averagely 28 species in ungrazed surfaces and 48 in grazed. Average fodder value
in ungrazed surfaces was 4,6 which characterize sward of poor quality and in the grazed ones the
average value was 8,4, which classifies the sward as very good. Natural values in grazed surfaces
were characterized by low values - class IIIA, compared to ungrazed grasslands with moderate
values - class IVB. For Cirsietum rivularis number of species was 29-34, fodder value 3,2-5,4, and
natural values were classified as IVB to VIB (moderately high values). In conclusion, it was seen
that extensive grazing can be a potential solution to reduce the biodiversity loss resulting from
undergrazing. Thus, grazing of ruminants can be a tool both to maintain and restore biodiversity of
seminatural plant associations, like grasslands.
Keywords: grasslands, biodiversity, local breeds of livestock, the Carpathians
75
Chemical Composition of Cardoon (Cynara Cardunculus L.) Grown in South Bulgaria
Violina Angelova1, Mariana Perifanova2, Nemska Galina Uzunova2, Luzian Krustev2
1Agricultural University of Plovdiv, 12 Mendeleev Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria 2 University of Food technology, 26 Boulevard "Maritza", 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Comparative research has been conducted to allow us to determine the content of macro- and
microelements in the vegetative and reproductive organs of Cynara cardunculus L. and quality of
Cynara cardunculus L. oil. The experiment was performed on an agricultural field near Plovdiv
(South Bulgaria). The contents of macro- and microelements in plant materials (roots, stems,
leaves, seeds) were determined. The oils were extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus from seeds of
Cynara cardunculus L. The dry matter content, ash, sugars, proteins, and fats in Cynara
cardunculus L. leaves and seeds were also determined. The quantitative measurements were carried
out with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Oil fatty acids
characterization for unsaturated and saturated acids was performed by gas chromatography.
Cardoon seeds were a rich source of macro- and microelements (K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn).
Cardoon oil was abundant in unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic (61.67%) and oleic acids (22.82%)),
followed by palmitic acid (10.50%) and stearic acid (3.29%).
Keywords: Chemical composition, Cynara cardunculus L, Leaves, Seeds, Oil, Quality
Acknowledgement
The financial support by the Bulgarian National Science Fund Project DFNI Н04/9 is greatly
appreciated.
76
Short Cırcuıt Analysıs of the Karadenız Regıon Energy Transmıssıon System
Hüseyin Emre Darama
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Engineering Faculty, Atakum 55200 Samsun, Turkey
In the late 19th century, electricity energy was used primarily for lighting purposes, and then the
demand for this energy increased as the usage area expanded. New lines and transformer centers
were built for energy transmission which caused the establishment of new power plants. The
selection of the cutter class when designing the system is done according to these short circuit
currents.
In this study, the part of TEİAŞ Interconnection system in the Black Sea Region was analyzed by
PSS / E software with seasonal scenarios. Effect of new added generators, transformer centers and
lines on the busbar short circuit currents was investigated.
Keywords: PSS/E software, Short circuit analysis, IEC60909
77
Observation of Pollution in Water and Sediments in Middle Black Sea Coast by Using Dgt
(Diffusive Gradients In Thin Films) Method
Şule Sancak, Arife Şimşek, Gülfem Bakan
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering,
Samsun
The Black Sea which is connected to the Azov Sea in the north and to the Mediterranean in the
South, is called the largest anoxic sea in the world because 90% of its structure is anoxic. In the
Black Sea, which has undergone ecological changes for many years and nowadays, marine
activities, excessive nutrient input, increase in foreign species, wastes from the regions where
agricultural production is carried out, domestic and industrial pollution sources lead to
degradations.
In this study, it was aimed to determine the degree of domestic and industrial pollution in water
and sediment by DGT (Diffusion and Gradient in Thin Films) method in the Black Sea. Five
different sampling points were selected, including Akkiraz Stream, Şabanoğlu Stream, Organized
Industrial Zone Channel, Hıdırellez Stream and Selyeri Stream. The organic matter content, %
water content and particle size analysis were performed for these sediments. Standard analyzes
such as pH, conductivity, temperature, TOC, TN, TP were applied to the water samples. In addition,
heavy metal accumulation along the depth was observed in the sediment column with the DGT
used in the determination of the elements and compounds in the aquatic environment including
natural sediments and soils.
As a result, the organic matter content of the sediment samples were between 5.88% and 9.96%
and the water content 14.66% and 32.79%. In the analysis of water samples, pH values were
between 0.6-0.9, dissolved oxygen values 4-12 mg / L and chemical oxygen requirement 32-192
mg / L. Analysis results were evaluated according to the Aboveground Water Quality Regulation
and International Sediment Quality Criteria.
Keywords: DGT, Mid-Black Sea, sediment quality, water quality.
78
Identification of Turkish Extra Virgin Olive Oils Produced in Different Regions by Using
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H AND 13C) and Isotope Ratio (13C/12C) Mass Spectroscopy
Didar Sevim1, Oya Köseoğlu1, Hasan Ertaş2, Durmuş Özdemir3, Salih Günnaz4, Mehmet Ulaş1,
Veysel Umut Çelenk5
1 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Olive Research Institute Izmir/TURKEY
2 Ege University Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry Izmir/TURKEY
3İzmir Institute of Technology Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry Izmir/TURKEY
4Ege University Science and Technology Centre NMR Satellite Laboratory Izmir/TURKEY
5Ege University Research and Application Center of Drug Development and Pharmacokinetics
Izmir/TURKEY
Extra virgin olive oil produced solely by mechanical and physical processes is indispensable part
of Mediterranean diet with its high nutritional value and poly unsaturated fatty acids, especially
high content of oleic acid. Olive oil (OO) with high commercial value, sensory and nutritional
quality are unfortunately mixed with low-quality cooking oils and refined oils with low phenolic
compound content. In order to protect genuine production, it is necessary to assure authenticity of
these products. Isotop Ratio Mass Spectroscopy (IRMS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
spectroscopy techniques are the two of the analytical methods that are used to characterize food
products. The aim of this study is to classify virgin olive oil samples collected from Marmara,
Eagean, Mediterranean, Black Sea and Southeastern Anatolian Regions of Turkey based on δ13C
carbon isotope, 1H and 13C NMR analysis data by using chemometric data analysis methods.
Classification and clustering models generated by this study will be employed to identify
geographical origins of the olive oils. Ayvalık OOs collected from the North of Aegean Region,
Memecik OOs collected from the South of Aegean Region, Gemlik OOs from the Marmara Region,
Sarı Ulak, Ayvalık, Gemlik, Karga Burun, Eşek Zeytini, Sarı Haşebi, Nizip Yağlık, Kilis Yağlık,
Saurani OOs collected from the Southeastern Anatolia Region and Girit, Beylik, Gemlik, Tavşan
Yüreği OOs collected from the Western Mediterranean Region in 2014 and 2015 harvest years.
Totally 151 OO samples were collected from the Regions. The results showed that by using
classification and clustering models, geographic marking and labeling of these oils can be carried
out regardless of distinction of year and production systems (2 and 3 phase continuous system)
according the NMR analysis.
Keywords: IRMS, NMR, Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Acknowledgement
This study is supported by General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TAGEM) of
Turkey under the grant No.TAGEM/ HSGYAD/15A05/P01/75
79
Biodiversity, Life Forms and Chorology of Threatened Medicinal Plants on the Territory of
Bredhik Reserve (Sharr Mountain), Kosovo
Avdyl Bajrami1, Erta Dodona2, Haxhi Halilaj1, Xhavit Mala3, Robert Damo4
1 PhD candidat, Agricultural University of Tirana, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment,
Albania 2Agricultural University of Tirana, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Albania 3 Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning -DAPK “Sharr Mountain”, Kosovo
4 Fan S. Noli University, Faculty of Agriculture, Korçë, Albania
This study was carried out to identify the medicinal plants of conservation status on the territory of
Bredhik Natural Strict Reserve (Sharr Mountain, Kosovo). After distributed species identification
on the area, based on the fieldwork conducted during the vegetative period May – September 2018
and April 2019, each of the species was compared with the red list. A floristic list of threatened
medicinal plants in Bredhik Reserve was finalized. Biodiversity of medicinal plants listed in this
study represented by 91 taxa that belong to 43 families and 74 genera. Rosaceae and Asteraceae,
with 11 and 10 species respectively, are the families by the high number of threatened species.
Eleven families were represented by two species and 24 families have only one species. The main
genera were Plantago, Prunus and Salix with 3 species each. The species with conservation status
by European Red List of Medicinal Plants are 68 species or 74.72%, while in IUCN Red List are
included 51 taxa or 56.04 % of the total species number. Hemicryptophytes and perennial
herbaceous plants with 41.75% (38 species) and 48.35% (44 species) were dominant on the
threatened medicinal plants that were the subject of this research. Most of the species were of the
Euroasian origin and there were also widespread European, Euro Mediterranean and Euro-Siberian
chorological types. The conducted floristic analysis showed that the number of relics species of
conservation status is significant, 20 species (21.98% of the total species number), and therefore
area of study has the highest conservation value. The presented data can be used for comparison
with data for medicinal plants in other Natural Strict Reserve of Sharr Mountain and other
mountains in Kosovo.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Threatened plants, Biological types, Relict species.
80
Physical Characteristics of the Leaf in Some Oriental Varieties and Lines of Yaka Tobacco
Miroslav Dimitrieski, Gordana Miceska
Scientific Tobacco Institute-Prilep
e-mail: [email protected]
Physical characteristics of tobacco leaves are the basic indicator which enables the assessment of
tobacco quality in practice. They reflect the structure and chemical composition of leaf and are
closely related to the smoking and taste properties of tobacco. In most cases there is a consistent
relationship between chemical composition, anatomical structure, numerous external organoleptic
properties and physical traits of tobacco leaf, which are widely used in determination of tobacco
quality (Timov et al.,1974). The study of the dependence between the quality of tobacco and its
physical properties is of particular importance, because they determine the so-called technological-
commercial quality of leaf tobacco (Uzunovski, 1985).
Considering their great importance in the industrial processing of tobacco, some major physical
properties (leaf substantiality, thickness and midrib content) of five newly created aromatic
varieties and lines of Yaka tobacco were analyzed and compared to the standard variety YV 125/3.
Keywords: tobacco, Oriental, Yaka, physical properties
81
The Effect of Replacing Fish Oil with Sesame Oil on Sea Bream Liver Fatty Acid
Composition
Oğuz TAŞBOZAN1*, Celal ERBAŞ2, Şefik Surhan TABAKOĞLU1,
Özgür YILMAZ2, Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE1
1Cukurova University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Adana-Turkey
2Cukurova University, Yumurtalık Vocational School, Yumurtalık, Adana-Turkey
*corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]
In this study, it was investigated the effects of sesame oil on sea bream liver fatty acid composition.
Initial mean weight 32 g sea bream were stocked into each tank as 25 individual and three
replicates. Four different groups were used including control; fish oil 100% (FO), and sesame oil
(SO) 20, 40 and 60 %, respectively. At the beginning and also at the end of the experiment enough
fish samples were used for the biochemical analysis. Statistical analyses were conducted by using
SPSS and all differences were considered significant at P<0.05. Growth performance were high
in FO, SO20 and SO40 and no statistical differences among the groups. Better feed conversion
ratio (FCR) was in SO40 with 1.35±0.03. The dominant fatty acid group was MUFA. The highest
level was found in SO40. The better EPA level was determined in SO20 (1.13±0.05) followed by
SO40, FO and SO60 groups, respectively. DHA values had shown almost the same tendency with
thw EPA values. The better n-3 values were in SO20 (12.54±0.09) and FO (12.46±0.02) according
to other groups. In regards to the result, it can be evaluated SO20 and S040 groups in terms of
growth, feed utilization and liver fatty acid composition without any negative effect.
Keywords: Sea bream, sesame oil, fish oil, liver fatty acid, growth,
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by Scientific Research Projects Unit of Cukurova University, Project
number: FBA-2017-7849
82
Stapolol E in Grape Seed Oil and Alcohol Damage to the Gastric Mucosa Membrane in
Rats
G.Jikia, M. Nikolaishvili, T.Museliani, Kh.Dondoladze
I.Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine
The carried studies showed that extraction from grape seeds oil (registered as stepalol E) is a direct
correlation agent between dimensions of ulcers and indicators of oxidative stress, and moreover,
the capacity of grape seeds oil has a positive effect on the dynamics of the indicated processes. The
obtained data enable us to consider that the extraction from grapes seeds oil is more reasonable to
be included in the complex treatment of the patients with ulcer disease who have more manifested
ulcer defects with a higher degree of H. pylori infection and higher activity of POL as the medicine
has the evident cytoprotective, anti-helicobacterial and antioxidative actions. We had taken of
Wistar line rats of control and experiment animals with 18-18 rats in 150-170 g. We had 3 groups
of animals, 1 group control with weeding of water of 25 mg / 100g and we had Stepalol E, 2 group
alcohol of 25 mg / 100g. And the third group of water and Alcohol + Stepalol E administration
daily for 10 days. The animals were both sexes in identical conditions on standard feeding. Gastric
wall was damaged by administration of alcohol per of 25mg / 100 g / kg once a day. Stepalol E
was administered from the first day of alcohol administration daily for 10 days. Malonildialdehyde
(MDA), ELISA Kit (#MBS9389387). The studies have shown that the inclusion of grape seeds oil
(registered under the name Stepalol E) serves as the direct corrective agent between the size of the
ulcer, and the indices of oxidative stress, as well as the ability of grape seeds oil to affect positively
on the dynamics of these processes. Conclusions: The obtained data make it possible to consider
more appropriate the inclusion of grape seeds oil (Stepalol E) in the complex treatment of patients
with peptic ulcer with a more expressed ulcerative defect, with a higher degree of H. pylori
infection and a higher activity of LPO, since the medicine has expressed cytoprotective, anti-
Helicobacter and antioxidative actions.
CONCLUSIONS: 1- The paper was given The scientific research is devoted to the study of the
effect of oil from the bones of grapes obtained from natural raw materials on the clinical
manifestations of the disease, reparative, cytoprotective and antioxidant processes in 105 patients
with duodenal ulcer (mean age - 38.5-1.5 years). 2- cold pressing of the grape seed oil for use in
alcohol-induced gastritis promoted complete regeneration of the ulcerative defect with the
formation of tender scars after 12 days of treatment in 76% -80%, while in the control groups a
positive effect was noted in 66% of cases. 3-Inclusion of oil from the bones of grapes, with a
morphological study of biopsy specimens of the gastric mucosa, a more pronounced decrease in
the inflammatory process was noted, which was manifested by a more pronounced decrease in the
number of interepithelial lymphocytes and neutrophil granulocytes. 3- The following tests will be
carried out h.pilorit infected and cold pressed using grape seed oil antiulcer treatment stistandartuli
83
scheme (omeprazole-clarithromycin-metronidazole and famotidine-amoxicillin-metronidazole).
Our thoughts are metoidit even early and the disappearance of pain syndromes of dyspeptic rats,
Who suffers from H. Pylori.
Keywords: H. pylori, Stapolol E, alcohol, gastric, rats
84
Radon Therapy on the the Diseases Associated with Anthropogenic Factors
T. Musieliani, M.Nikolaishvili, G. Jikia, Kh. Dondoladze
Beritashvili Center for Experimental Biomedicine
Today the ecological environment, in which the organisms exit, is becoming increasingly unhealthy
because of the influence of a variety of production and other factors. Therefore, it is important to
study these factors, especially the electromagnetic field (EMF), which constantly affects the body.
The patients who are under the influence of high-frequency EMF changes the optimal range of the
sympathetic system, which leads to hyperinsulinemia, the excitation of the center of hunger, obesity
and eventually infertility. Analysis of experimental data enabled us to assert univocally that radon
therapy prevents the development the diseases associated with antropogenic factors and therefore,
associated with peroxidation reaction. The subjects of the study were volunteers - 20 women aged
20-40 years, The group, treated with radon, took the procedure in the sauna of the mineral waters
of Tskhaltubo, the temperature of which was 36-370C, and the radon concentration was 37 Bq /
m3. The control group (practically healthy people) was taken to another local sauna with the same
temperature. No patient took a bath, limited only to visiting the sauna. Once a day for 10 minutes,
the nasal inhalations were performed to the patients, in conditions of high humidity. On the 5th and
10th day the blood samples from these patients were taken 2 hours after the procedure before meals.
In some experiments, insulin was determined by imunoradiometric method. Quantitative analysis
of CA in the blood was performed on the automatic analyzer of amino acids AAA-339 (CSFR).
Determination of biogenic amines and hormone grelin were determined by ELISA kits. The effect
of EMF of high frequencies (mobile phones and computers) and the action of radon arose our deep
interest, since this phenomenon and its influencing therapeutic factor on the body is not still
generally known. In addition, we are constantly under the influence of different EMF frequencies,
the study of which also deserves attention. This raises the following question: how high-frequency
EMF affects the body, in particular, the emotionality of the organism. It is known from the literature
that the radioactivity of Tskhaltubo mineral waters is stipulated by the presence of radon in them.
The use of radon-therapeutic procedures is called alpha radiation or alpha therapy. Radon
procedures have a clear analgesic effect. Receiving radon alleviates the flow of inflammatory
processes in the nerve, accelerates the regeneration of the nerve fiber. Radon has a clear sedative
effect on the central nervous system. The clarification of the influence of EMF of the production
frequency on living organisms and, first of all, on their nervous system, acquires a special urgency,
since the neurochemical and physiological correlates of the changes caused by the action of EMF
are not always given clearly, what needs new studies. At the same time, it is necessary to introduce
into the practice "the reasonable evasion" from long-term exposure to EMF. In the recent works on
oncopromotor properties of electromagnetic radiation (EMF) a great concern and necessity of
detailed research of the influence of high frequencies and powers on particular biological objects
is expressed. Moreover, for the first time we will study the influence of radon water inhalation on
the illnesses developed by unhealthy lifestyle and changes of neurochemical correlates developed
after EMF effect.
CONCLUSIONS: 1- In the patients’ blood we detected a disruption of the amount of biogenic
amines which causes a high level of insulin, which causes hyperinsulinemia. 2- In the patients’
blood we detected a sharp decrease in the number of amino acids in the blood, which changes the
optimal range of the ratio of biogenic amines.Emf cause incrise of greline level and after radono
85
therapy normalizes concentration in blood of volunteers. 3- The effect of vapors of radon-
containing mineral water Tskhaltubo reduces and normalizes the CA and biogenic amines . 4- The
effect of radon neutralizes excitability, headaches and prevents of diseases caused by antropogenic
factors associated with peroxidation reactions,
Keywords: Radon Inhalation, amino acids, biogenic amines, insulin
86
The Effect of Radon Inhalation on the Aggressiveness of Animals and the Neurochemical
Correlates
M.Nikolaishvili, G.Jikia, T.Museliani, Kh.Dondoladze
I.Beritashvili Center of Experimental biomedicine
Various forms of natural aggressive behavior are the most important ethological tools providing
homeostasis, adaptation and survival at all levels of physiological and social organization of
humans and animals from individual to species. On the other hand, the growth of aggressiveness
beyond the naturally motivated necessity may have the opposite effect and cause a biological and
social degradation of the individual, populations and even civilizations. With this, the great interest
of specialists of social and natural sciences is connected with the study of social and
neurobiological determinants of aggressive behavior. It is known from the literature that the effect
of radon contained in the vapors of the Tskhaltubo mineral water is used as a means to regulate
certain processes, namely, facilitating headaches, increased excitability, labile blood pressure,
caused by the wrong way of life, etc. In this connection, it seemed interesting to clarify the effect
of radon-containing vapors of mineral water on the aggressive behavior of animals and the
associated processes in the central nervous system. The purpose of this work was to elucidate the
effect of radon contained in the vapors of the Tskhaltubo mineral water on the aggressive behavior
of animals and its relation to the quantitative content of AA in various neuroanatomical structures
of rat brain functionally associated with the organization of aggressive behavior. A part of
aggressive animals was exposed to a 10-minute exposure to mineral water vapor (at a humidity of
about 90%), the temperature of which was 37°C, and the radon concentration was 37 Bq / m3 [4,
5] daily for 10 days. 1.Aggressive rats, without exposure (control), 2. Aggressive rats exposed to
radon vapors; 3. Aggressive rats exposed to normal water vapor (normal); 4. Non-aggressive rats
exposed to normal water vapor (normal); 5. Non-aggressive rats without exposure (control). On
the 5th and 10th days, 2 hours after the next exposure, a part of the rats was decapitated to
determine the content of free amino acids (AA) in brain structures (in the hippocampus and
amygdala complex), for which their biochemical analysis. Quantitative analysis of AA in the
structures of the brain was performed on an automatic analyzer of amino acids AAA-339 (CSFR).
The processing of the results of simultaneous determination of the quantitative content of BA in
various structures of the brain, the calculation of their relationships and comparison were carried
out using standard programs (ANOVA) in the operating environment of "STATISTICA-6".
Analysis of the data of the conducted study showed that a decrease in the amount of urea and
ammonia indicates their participation in the processes of formation of AA, and the decrease in
tyrosine is explained by its use as a source of catecholamines. Earlier, intensive synthesis of DA
and HA in brain structures in aggressive rats was noted. Simultaneously, the decrease in tyrosine
is caused by the destruction of the carbon skeleton with the formation of acetoacetyl Co-A, then
with Co-A acetyl or by the direct formation of a fumarate-active member of the citric acid cycle.
To interpret the obtained data, the key factor is that we found the fact that in all the brain structures
87
in aggressive animals the amount of ammonia and urea is less than that of the control ones. This
suggests that ammonia is involved in the synthesis of AA by the glutamine system and the cyclic
reamination-deamination of the adenyl system. Analysis of experimental data and comparison of
the quantity of AA in the brain structures of naturally aggressive animals after exposure to radon
on the 10th day with the AA fund in non-aggressive rats shows that the previous differences in AA
content level off. These changes are reflected in the behavioral acts of the animal - aggressive rats
lose their aggressiveness and "turn" into non-aggressive. Therefore, it has been suggested that
radon exposure is one way to influence aggressiveness that was not previously known. As a result,
we can conclude that the effect of radon on the central nervous system affects both the inhibitory
factor, which is of considerable interest.
CONCLUSIONS: 1- It is shown that in the structures of the brain, the hippocampus and amygdala
complex studied in this research the amount of ammonia and urea in natural-aggressive animals is
less than that in non-aggressive ones. 2- It has been established that in natural-aggressive rats on
the 10th day after exposure to radon, the earlier existing differences with regard to the naturally-
non-aggressive ones are leveled, the amount of AA in the studied structures of the brain decreases
and normalizes. Changes in the quantitative distribution of AA are reflected in the behavioral acts
of animals: naturally-aggressive rats lose their aggressiveness and "turn" into non-aggressive ones.
Keywords: Radon Inhalation, aggressive rats, amino acids
88
Effect of Storage on Volatile Compounds of Olive Oil: Flavors and off-Flavors
Berna Yildirim, Oya Koseoglu
Olive Research Institute, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
Two of the most important characteristics that carry virgin olive oil to the forefront in terms of
consumer preference are its health benefits and its taste not found in any commercial edible oil.
Virgin olive oil is extracted mechanically, thus containing all natural compounds related with
nutritional and sensorial characterization can be consumed without any further refining process.
The nutritional value of virgin olive oil depends on the high content of oleic acid and some minor
components. The fragrant and delicate flavor of virgin olive oil is attributed to volatile compounds.
Volatile compounds give the unique and exquisite taste of virgin olive oil. Virgin olive oil has high
oxidative stability due to its fatty acid composition. Volatile compounds in virgin olive oil are
mainly produced by oxidation of fatty acid, linolenic and linoleic acids, through a chain of
enzymatic reactions known as the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway, producing acids, alcohols and
esters and ketones. However, virgin olive oil is susceptible to further oxidation or decomposition
such as autoxidation that are responsible for some off-flavor during storage. The main sensory
defect that develops during virgin olive oil storage and is correlated with the oxidation process is
the rancid off‐ flavor. This review is concerned with the changes on volatile compounds affecting
on sensory notes during storage.
Keywords: Virgin olive oil, volatile compound, storage, flavors, off-flavors
89
Volatile Constituents of the Aerial Parts of Pulicaria Arabica (L.) Cass. Growing Wild in
Semi-Arid Land (Algeria)
Sarri Madani1, Sassoui Ammar1, Hendel Noui2, Sarri Djamel1, Filippo Maggi3, Maurizio Bruno4
1Department of Nature Sciences and Life, Faculty of Sciences, M’sila University, 28000 M’sila,
Algeria 2Department of Microbiological and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, M’sila University, 28000
M’sila, Algeria 3School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino Via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
4Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies
(STeBiCEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d’Orleans II, I-90128 Palermo,
Italy
Essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Pulicaria arabica (L.)
Cass.growing wild in Hodna (north-eastern Algeria) was found to be 0,3% (v/w). The oil was fully
analyzed by gas chromatography / mass spectrum (GC-MS). Characterization of individual
components was performed using a commercial mass spectrometry library, and thirty five
components, representing 93.2% of the aerial parts essential oil were identified and grouped into
four classes, namely oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons, oxygenated
sesquiterpenes and others. The oxygenated sesquiterpenes, with 56%, was the most represented
class, epi-α-cadinol (23,9%), α-cadinol (19,8%), germacrene D-4-ol (8,4) and α-muurolol (2,5%)
being the main components. δ-cadinene (21,1%), α-muurolene (3,4%), trans-cadina-1(6),4-diene
(3,2%), γ-cadinene (2,6%) and δ-selinene (1,9%) were the more significant sesquiterpene
hydrocarbons. The concentration of oxygenated monoterpenes and others gave a minor
contribution.
Keywords: Pulicaria arabica (L.) Cass. - Essential oils - GC-MS - Algeria
90
Evaluating Water Quality of Some Selected Wells in Nenavah Governorate/North Iraq and
it’s Suitability for Agriculture and Human Consumption
Adil M.S.Aalhassan1 Maan AbdAlameer2
1University of Telafer, Iraq
2University of Mosul, Iraq
A study was conducted to evaluate fifty five ground water wells distributed on a wide area from
Nineveh Governorate . Water quality assessment was made through physical and chemical analysis
and the effect of location of wells on water quality and the suitability of waters for irrigation and
human consumption.
Results indicated that except Batnaia and Bahzani (1) wells, all other wells have a very hard waters.
Using (Richards 1954) parameters we found that (51%) of the studied wells are from class (C3S1)
and (38%) are from class (C4S1) while (11%) are from class(C2S1).Depending on Romani 1981,
diagram we found that (24%) are from ( Ca-Mg- HCO3) type. However and depending on World
Health Organization (WHO) system and the Central Iraqi quality control system we found that
around (67%) of the studied wells are not recommended for human consumption because of the
high (TDS) .Finally this study revealed that most of the inhabitants depending on well waters
especially for agricultural purposes.
Keywords: Wells, Hardness, Water quality TDS
91
Physico - Chemical Properties of Seed Oil of Rarely Grown Varieties of Grapes
St. Minkova1, M.Perifanova2, Kr. Nikolova1, G. Gentscheva3,4, A. Pashev3,
G. Antova5, J. Petkova5, G. Uzunova2
1Medical University-Varna, Bulgaria, Varna, blv Marin Drinov 54 2University of Food Technologies, Bulgaria, Plovdiv, blv. Meritza 26
3Medical University-Pleven, Saint Kliment Ohridski Str.1, Pleven, Bulgaria 4Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,
Akad.G.Bonchev Str.11, Sofia, Bulgaria 5 University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Asen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Grape seeds are one of the waste products produced during winemaking. Depending on the cultivar,
the dry seeds contain between 7.0 and 14% total fat content. As grape seed oil has an interesting
greenish yellow colour and a neutral flavour it can be used in a wide range of food applications. It
may also be used for blending with other more expensive oils i.e.: walnut, olive oil or hazelnut oils
and other food products such as mayonnaises due its neutral flavour and colour. The composition
of grape seeds from mix of two red wine varieties grape (Sandjoveze and Pinot Noar) from region
of Varna was investigated. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the physico-chemical
properties of grape oil from rarely grown varieties of grape in Bulgaria and compare them with the
characteristics, obtained from wide grown red wine varieties grape Mavrud and Shiroka melnishka
loza and also compare with other samples, extracted from foreign variety of red grape. The content
of biological active compounds (phospholipids, sterols and tocopherols), fatty acid and sterol
composition of grape seed oil have been investigated. The content of phospholipids was
determinate spectrophotometrically and was found to be 1.1%. The sterols content determined by
gas chromatography was 0.2 % while β- sitosterol were the major component (80.6 %).The
unsaturated fatty acid composition (84.0%) is predominated than saturated fatty acid composition
(16.0 %). Linoleic acid (64.7%) was the main component in the fatty acid fraction, followed by
oleic (19.0%) and palmitic (12.3%) acid. It is determined that this sample have not tocopherol
contents. The oxidant stability by using Ransimat is too low- about 4.5 h.
The fluorescence spectra for excitation wavelength 350 nm contains peaks which are attributed
with pigments, oxidative products and vitamins. Transmission spectra is used to determine the
content of β-carotene (67.99 ppm), chlorophyll a ( 17.04 ppm) and colour characteristics in CIELab
colorimetric system. The green component dominates over the yellow in the sample from
Sandjoveze and Pinot Noar from Varna region. Mineral elements play an important role in the
human metabolism and are necessary in order to maintain certain chemo-physical processes, which
are essential for life. Mineral elements are essential because the body cannot synthesize or replace
them, for this reason, they must be consumed. The concentrations of some elements (essential and
toxic) in oil was determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
92
and ICP-OES (Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry) after microwave
digestion. Infrared spectroscopic experiments (ATR and transmittance) were used to study the fatty
acid profile of the analysed oil mixture. This technique allows easy profiling of the major
components of most edible oils. The acid value was determined by measuring the infrared
absorbance of the oil in diluted CCl4 solution.
93
Essential Oil Composition of Aerial Parts from Algerian Anacyclus Monanthos Subsp.
Cyrtolepidioides (Pomel) Humphries
Sarri Madani1, Fodil Hadjer1, Hendel Noui2, Maggi Filippo3, Sarri Djamel1
1Department of Nature Sciences and Life, Faculty of Sciences, M’sila University, M’sila,
Algeria; 2Department of Microbiological and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, M’sila University,
M’sila, Algeria; 3School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
The chemical composition of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Anacyclus monanthos subsp.
cyrtolepidioides (Pomel) Humphries (Asteraceae) growing in a semi-arid region of Algeria was
investigated for the first time. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and fully
characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 97 compounds were
identified. The essential oil was found to be rich in trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (9.8 ± 2.0%), (E)-
β-farnesene (7.4 ± 1.5%), germacrene D (6.9 ± 1.3%) and myristicin (4.8 ± 0.8%).
Keywords: Anacyclus monanthos subsp. cyrtolepidioides (Pomel) Humphries - Essential oil -
(GC-MS) - Algeria
94
Productivity and Development Index in Tomatoes, Greenhouse Production
Antoniya Stoyanova1, Velika Kuneva2, Nikolai Valchev1
1 Trakia University, Faculty of Agriculture, Student Town, 6015, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
2Agricultural University, 12, Mendeleev Blvd, Thrace, 400, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
In the period 2016-2018, the study the influence of three levels of fertilization and different
irrigation regimes on the expression of the growth and productivity of tomatoes variety Vitellio F1.
The aim of the study is exploring the influence of controlled water deficit and three levels of
fertilization on precocity and productivity of tomatoes. The study was conducted in a polyethylene
greenhouse by the block method. Analysis of two factors - fertilization (A) and irrigation (B). The
experimental variants are: 1. Broken irrigation regime (50% of the irrigation norm) without
fertilization; 2. Broken irrigation regime (75% of the irrigation norm) without fertilization; 3.
Optimal irrigation regime (M-100%) without fertilization (control); 4. Broken irrigation regime
(50% of irrigation rate) 50% fertilization; 5. Irrigated/Broken irrigation regime (75% of irrigation
norm) 50% fertilization; 6. Optimal irrigation regime (M-100%) with 50% fertilization; 7. Irrigated
irrigation regime (50% of the irrigation norm) and 75% fertilization; 8. Irrigated irrigation regime
(75% of irrigation norm) and 75% fertilization; 9. Optimal irrigation regime M-100%) with 75%
fertilization; 10. Irrigated irrigation regime (50% of irrigation norm rate) and 100% fertilization;
11. Irrigated irrigation regime (75% of irrigation norm) and 100% fertilization; and 12. Optimal
irrigation regime (M-100%) and 100% fertilization. The environmental risk factors fertilization
and the role of irrigation water, environmental factors underlying this environmental study. The
influence of different modes of feeding and watering are more pronounced at higher fertilization
rates. At an optimal rate of irrigation development index at 100% rate of fertilization was of 27.7%
on average for the period, and 75% respectively 25,1%. When realizing a 50% irrigation rate and
100% fertilization index is established 22.1%. Yields for irrigation by 50% of the irrigation rate
increased with increasing fertilizer rate accordingly by 116.3 percent, 213.5 percent and 244.7
percent. With the implementation of 100% irrigation rate and fertilization during the growing
season by 50%, 75% and 100% were obtained with yields of 104.4%, 214.7% and 195.9%. At
optimum irrigation and feeding a zero yield of tomatoes, greenhouse production averaged about
three year period 32 380.0 kg / ha. A trend towards increasing productivity by increasing the
realized amount of irrigation water. Against the background of zero fertilization and irrigation with
50, 75 and 100% were obtained yields of 25 630.0 kg / ha to 32 380.0 kg / ha. At 100% fertilization
and irrigation various norms yields move in the range of 88 to 101 350.0 730.0 kg / ha average
study period.
Keywords: Tomatoes, Drip Irrigation, Fertilization, Correlation, Yield
95
Screening of Ctx-M, Tem and Shv Β-Lactamases in Clinical Isolates of Escherichia
coli Collected From Fatih State Hospital in Turkey
Ayşegül Saral1, Ersin Kaya2, Esma Akyıldız3, Tuba Köse4, Azer Özad Düzgün5
1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Artvin Coruh University,
Artvin, Turkey
2Department of Biology, Institute of Science, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
3Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Health Services Vocational High School,
Gumushane University, Gumushane, Turkey
4Microbiology Laboratory, Fatih State Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
5Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences,
Gumushane University, Gümüşhane, Turkey
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an opportunistic pathogen and can cause variety of infections such as
urinary tract infections, septicemia, respiratory tract infections, wound infections and diarrhea.
ESBL-producing E. coli has emerged worldwide as an important cause of infections. This study
aimed to detect ESBL-coding genes (CTX-M1, CTX-M9, TEM and SHV). One hundred fifty eight
E. coli strains were collected from the Fatih State Hospital in Turkey. Clinical specimens consisted
of urine (91.77%), blood (1.89%), pleural fluid (1.89%), wound (3.16%) and sputum (1.26%). They
were screened for ESBL-coding genes by PCR. According to the PCR results, CTX-M1 was the
most prevalent β-lactamase 60.12% (95/158), followed by TEM 41.14% (65/158), CTX-M9 8.86%
(14/158) and SHV 1.89% (3/158). Rate of the strains harboring only CTX-M1, CTX-M9 and TEM
β-lactamases were 32.27%, 6.96% and 12.02%, respectively. Rate of the strains harboring the
combinations of TEM/CTX-M1, TEM/SHV, TEM/SHV/CTX-M1, TEM/CTX-M9, CTX-
M1/CTX-M9 were 25.94%, 0.63%, 1.26%, 1.26% and 0.63%, respectively.These results shows
that CTX-M1 group is the most common type of class A β-lactamases among ESBL-producing E.
coli strains in Fatih State Hospital.
Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, CTX-M, SHV, TEM
96
Use of Artificial Neural Networks in Animal Science
Hasan Alp ŞAHIN, Hasan ÖNDER
Artificial neural networks (ANN) are weighted connections which inspired from human brain. It
consists of dispersed and parallel processors which has its own memory and links each other via
weighted connections on the other hand, it imitates biological neural network system. ANN collects
information from samples and converts them to generalized data and uses the data for the new
decisions for new samples in the future. According to generalization and learning abilities, ANN
system is using in various science fields and solves complex problems. ANN system is using in
system description, image and sound analyse, prediction analyses, trouble analyzing, medicine,
communication and traffic management since 1940’s. In this study the use of Artificial Neural
Networks in animal science described and introduced.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Animal Science, Biostatistics
97
Temporomandibular Joint Surgery with Hyaluronic Acid
Sophy Chikobava1, Marine Nikolaishvili2, Mamuka Gogiberidze1
1Tbilisi St. Michael Archangel Multi profile Clinical Hospital, Department of Maxillofacial
Surgery
2Beritashvili's experimental biomedical center
The topicality of the treatment of the patients with diseases of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
is due to the wide spread of this pathology, the difficulties of early diagnosis of intra-articular
lesions, the existence of various approaches to therapy. Over the past 15 years, both conservative
and surgical methods for the TMJ treating, including the use of minimally invasive interventions,
have been developing rapidly in maxillofacial surgery and dentistry. The TMJ diseases can occur
in patients with various rheumatic disorders, but most often these joints are involved in the
pathological process in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Thus, according to different
authors, the frequency of lesions of the temporomandibular joint during RA widely varies: from
4,7 to 88,0%. Studies have shown correlation between the duration of rheumatoid arthritis and the
pathology of the TMJ. It was noted that the TMJ diseases are more common in patients with more
than 5 years of RD. The purpose of our research was to evaluate the effectiveness of arthrocentesis
and arthroscopy of the TMJ in this category of patients. Special interest is the surgical treatment of
diseases in patients with rheumatic diseases (RD). The therapy in patients of this group requires
not only an interdisciplinary approach, but also performing surgical operations during the period
of minimal activity or remission of the primary disease. The processing of the results of
simultaneous determination of the quantitative content of BA in various structures of the brain, the
calculation of their relationships and comparison were carried out using standard programs
(ANOVA) in the operating environment of "STATISTICA-6". At the same time, in 20.5% of cases,
acute asymmetrical TMJ arthritis, accompanied by severe pain and functional restriction of lower
jaw movements, is detected in the debut of RA. According to various studies, in psoriatic arthritis
(PsA), clinical and structural changes in the TMJ occur in 48–80% of cases, and as we know from
other sources, in the debut of the disease – in 27,6 % of cases. Involvement of the TMJ in the
pathological process in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and systemic diseases of connective tissue is
not well-studied. The literature data indicate that AS is found in 4–35% of cases (2,16,18). It was
found that patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are much more likely to complain of
pain in the TMJ, while patients with systemic scleroderma are more likely to experience
difficulties and limitations when opening the mouth. According to computer tomography (CT) and
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in the vast majority of cases with RD, degenerative changes
of the TMJ corresponding to stage IV – V according to Wilkes international classification, are
detected, namely degenerative changes in the bone and cartilage structures of the joint and articular
98
disc with deformity of articular surfaces, the formation of osteophytes, as well as the displacement
of the articular disc (6,10,12). One part of researchers thinks that performing open surgical
interventions on the TMJ in patients with RD is associated with a greater risk of postoperative
complications. Another part of researchers thinks that the use of minimally invasive methods of
surgical treatment in this group of patients has great prospects in connection with the minimization
of tissue damage during operations. There is no consensus on the use of conservative methods of
treatment. Some authors believe that treatment with an occlusion-stabilizing device (OSD) and
physiotherapy is the only correct approach, whereas, according to others, conservative methods
have a number of limitations on the effect on the pathological process and are often inadequate or
insufficiently effective (according to various sources, from 8 to 60% of cases) and lead to a relapse
of the disease.
CONCLUSIONS: 1- This study was carried out taking into consideration the insufficient study of
the use of minimally invasive surgical interventions in the treatment of TMJ in patients with RD.
2- The purpose of our research was to evaluate the effectiveness of arthrocentesis and arthroscopy
of the TMJ in this category of patients.
Keywords: Hyaluronic acid, temporomandibular joint, urgery
99
Effect of Microbial Fertilizer Treated Anatolian Sage (Salvia fruticosa (Mill.) Seeds on
Seedling Quality
Olcay Arabacı, Uğur Tan, Mihriban Taş, Tolga Gemirter, Yunus Küçükkaya
Field Crops Department, Agricultural Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, 09100, Aydın,
Turkey, +90 0256 772 70 23
Medical plants are used in many areas, mainly medicine, due to their secondary metabolites. In
recent years, methods of organic farming have gained importance for production of this group of
plants due to effect on human health. In particular, organic farming is important that the production
material (seedling and cuttings) is grown without use of chemicals during production. Therefore,
alternative methods are searched for the cultivation of seedlings and cuttings other than chemicals.
Among the sage species grown in Turkey, Anatolia sage (Salvia fruticosa Mill.) is the most
collected medicinal plant and used both domestic consumption and exporting. The plant is usually
collected from nature and presented for consumption. This situation makes it difficult to meet the
demand. In recent years, Anatolian sage cultivation has been started. However, there is very little
research on production. On the other hand, the presences of problems with germination of Salvia
genus are also known. In this study, In order to produce solutions to these problems and also make
seedling cultivation in according to organic farming principles, the effect of microbial fertilizer
treated Anatolian sage (Salvia fruticosa (Mill.) seeds on seedling quality were determined.
The experiment was designed as four replicates according to two-factor randomized plot design.
In the experiment, two different microbial fertilizers (Em1 and Em5) and five different applications
(0, ½, 1, 1.5 and 2) were examined. In the study; seedling length (cm), seedling stem diameter
(mm), root length (cm), number of roots (quantity), root spread (mm), seedling fresh root weight
(g), seedling dry root weight (mg), seedling fresh stem weight (g) and seedling dry stem weight
(mg) were determined.
In the study, it was found that the maximum seedling length (12.05 cm) and the highest dry stem
weight (0.54 g) were found in 1 dose of Em5 microbial fertilizer.
Keywords: Anatolian sage, Salvia fruticosa (Mill.), Microbial fertilizer, seedling, quality
100
The Effect of Different Storage Conditions on Some Physiochemical Characteristics of
Anatolian Sage (Salvia fruticosa Mill.)
Olcay Arabacı, Uğur Tan, İlknur Omur, Fırat Sönmez, Sabahat Sevinti
Field Crops Department, Agricultural Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, 09100, Aydın,
Turkey, +90 0256 772 70 23
Some Salvia genuses have economic importance due to uses in perfumery, cosmetics, medicines
and flavors. Salvia genus contain 1,8-cineol, a pharmacologically important essential oil
component. Among the sage species grown in our country, Anatolia sage (Salvia fruticosa Mill.)
is the most collected and used both domestic consumption and export.
The chemical composition and essential oil ratios may vary depending on factors such as climate,
season, geographical conditions, harvest time, distillation methods and storage. This study was
carried out to determine the effect of different storage conditions on some physical chemical
characteristics during the storage of Anatolian sage.
Five different packaging materials (paper bags, nylon bags, jute bags, nylon sack and glass jars)
and three different storage conditions (dark storage, light storage and cold storage) were examined
for 6 months. In the study, moisture content (%), ash content (g), color properties, essential oil ratio
(%) and refractive index (%) were determined.
As a result of the study, the changes in physicochemical properties were determined according to
storage conditions and packaging materials in Anatolian sage and the most suitable conditions were
determined.
Keywords: Anatolian sage, Salvia fruticosa, storage, essential oil, moisture, color
101
Assessment of Acid Mine Drainage Pollution on Surface Water Around an Abandoned
Mine, Northern Portugal
Paulo Favas 1, 2
1 University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real,
Portugal, [email protected]
2 MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, 3004-517
Coimbra, Portugal
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is characterized by high concentrations of heavy metals and high
acidity, a combination that causes severe environmental problems in most cases. The migration of
untreated AMD can contaminate surface stream water and groundwater, compromising the quality
of water resources and affecting the aquatic life. The present study has been performed with the
following objectives: (1) investigate the hydrogeochemistry of AMD and stream waters in the Vale
das Gatas abandoned mine site; and (2) to explore the extent of metal contamination in the study
area. The abandoned Vale das Gatas mine is located in northern Portugal. The ore deposit was
exploited for tungsten and tin by underground mining from 1883 till 1992. The results show that
the AMD from the galleries and from the tailings generally present the chemical characteristics of
the sulfide leaching process, exhibiting pH values between 3.35 and 6.56, a high metallic charge
(e.g., 70 – 37,050 µg/L Fe; 300 – 145,000 µg/L Al; 25 – 6,440 µg/L Mn; 9.06 – 49,200 µg/L Cu;
7 – 159,120 µg/L Zn) and sulfate as the dominant anion (6.3 – 943 mg/L). The contamination
generated by these sources of pollution reflects in the presence of high levels of sulfate, Cu, Zn,
Mn, Cd and Pb together with low values of pH in the surface water of the area. However, the
environmental impact on surface water quality occurs mainly at distances less than 1 km from the
sources of pollution. As a consequence of acid drainage, the concentrations of heavy metals make
these superficial waters unsuitable for human consumption as well as for irrigation purposes.
Keywords: Old mine; environmental impact; water quality; Vale das Gatas mine
Acknowledgement
This study had the support of Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), through the strategic
Project UID/MAR/04292/2019 granted to MARE.
102
Bioaccumulation of Arsenic and Heavy Metals by Spontaneous Vegetation from Tailings
and Contaminated Soils in Vale Das Gatas Mine, Northern Portugal
Paulo Favas 1, 2
1 University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real,
Portugal, [email protected] 2 MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, 3004-517
Coimbra, Portugal
There is a wide variety of plant species that can colonize areas highly polluted with heavy metals
and metalloids, such as mine tailings or soils contaminated by mining activities. The objective of
this study is to assess the arsenic and heavy metals bioaccumulation ability of spontaneous
vegetation growing on mine tailings and contaminated soils in the abandoned Vale das Gatas mine
(Northern Portugal). Very high maximum values for lead (Pb: 6,299 mg/kg), arsenic (As: 5,770
mg/kg) and tungsten (W: 636 mg/kg) were observed at samples of soil and tailings of the Vale das
Gatas mine area. In general, metal concentrations in plant samples were strongly related to
concentrations in soils and tailings. The species Holcus lanatus and Agrostis castellana were the
main accumulators of As, copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and Pb and good accumulators of zinc (Zn). The
species Pteridium aquilinum was a good accumulator of As, Pb and Zn, and Juncus effusus
appeared to be a Zn bioaccumulator. In the samples of Pinus pinaster trees growing on the tailings
and contaminated soils the older needles (2- and 3-years-old) show a tendency to accumulate higher
concentrations of As, Fe, Zn, Pb and W while nickel (Ni) and Cu were preferentially accumulated
in young needles and stems (1-year-old). The arsenic and heavy metal concentrations higher than
toxic level in some species indicate that internal detoxification metal tolerance mechanisms might
also exist; therefore, their ability for vegetative covers, phytoattenuation and phytoremediation it
is promising.
Keywords: Abandoned mine, Native flora, Phytoattenuation, Phytoremediation, Vegetative cover
Acknowledgement
This study had the support of Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), through the strategic
Project UID/MAR/04292/2019 granted to MARE.
103
Ethnobotanical Review of Herbal Tea Plants in Albania and Kosovo
Pirro Icka1, Haxhi Halilaj2, Avdyl Bajrami2, Robert Damo1
1”Fan S. Noli” University of Korça, Faculty of Agriculture, Albania
2PhD student, Agricultural University of Tirana, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment,
Albania
Tea is one of the most consumed beverages all around the world. In most of the cases, tea is use to
promote health and to treat diseases, based on local traditional knowledge. Albania and Kosovo
characterized by high plant diversity and their people have well knowledge about the usage of wild
edible plants that are still an integral part of the society in both countries. This literature review,
based on ethnobotanical studies in Albania and Kosovo, gather wild and cultivated plant species
used in the form of the herbal infusions, drunken for specific medicinal purposes. This is the first
time to make an inventory of plants used for tea making in Albania and Kosovo. This paper
highlights the traditional knowledge of people to use different plants parts to prepare tea in both
countries, with an attempt to document diversity of plant species and the collection of information
about the usage of plants for making herbal tea. Results obtained showed that plants listed in this
study represented by around 150 taxa, grouped in 54 families. The Lamiaceae with 25 species,
Asteraceae with 20 and Rosaceae with 17 species were the most represented botanical families. In
Albania are used 128 plant species, while on Kosovo 75 species. Of these, around 53 plant species
are use in both countries, 75 species have usage only in Albania and 22 only in Kosovo. The most
used plants in both countries are Origanum vulgare L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Melissa
officinalis L., Achillea millefolium L., Rosa canina L. etc. Flowers, leaves and fruits are the most
common parts of plants that people in both countries use to prepare the tea.
Keywords: Herbal tea, ethnobotany, traditional knowledge, wild plants.
104
Endemic Plants in Flora of Shutman (Sharr Mountain), Kosovo - An Analysis of
Phytogeographical Elements and Life Forms
Haxhi Halilaj1, Lirika Kupe2, Avdyl Bajrami1, Pirro Icka3, Xhavit Mala4
1PhD student, Agricultural University of Tirana, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment,
Albania 2Agricultural University of Tirana, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Albania
3”Fan S. Noli” University of Korça, Faculty of Agriculture, Albania 4 Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning -DAPK “Sharr Mountain”, Kosovo
Kosovo has a considerable floristic richness with a huge number of interesting local and regional
endemics. Shutman Natural Strict Reserve is part of the Sharr Mountain that lies in the south and
southeast of Kosovo. The geographic position, climate and specific orographic conditions in the
area determine its peculiar subalpine and alpine flora. This paper aims to present the diversity of
endemic flora on Shutman area and their chorological groups and life forms. The fieldwork is
conducted during the vegetative period May – September 2018 and April 2019. Shutman studied
flora comprises 38 endemic plant species. Among them, there are 30 Balkan endemic, 3 Kosovo
endemic, 3 sub-endemic and 2 species Central or Caucasian – Southeastern Europe endemics. They
belong to 16 families and 26 genera. Richest in endemics plants are the families Asteraceae (5),
Caryophyllaceae (5) and Rosaceae (4). All endemics are herbaceous perennials. The
hemicryptophytes dominate among the life forms with 65.79%. In the endemic flora of the Shutman
there are 11 floristic elements. Most of the species are Balkan floristic elements (20 species or
52.63%), followed by Alpine-Carpathian-Balkan, Southeast European and South European
floristic elements all by 3 taxa (7.89%). A total of 32 species have national or international
conservation status. Of these, only Colchicum macedonicum Košanin is not mentioned in “Red List
of flora of Kosovo”, but included in the IUCN Red List. Six of the species described in the studied
area are included in the Red List of IUCN and a national IUCN threat category. Reporting of
Ranunculus degenii Kümmerle & Jav. for the first time in Shutman makes this area the second
areal of this plant in Kosovo. The results of the study showed that Shutman distinguish for their
huge richness in endemic plant.
Keywords: Alpine flora, Balkan endemics, Floristic element, Conservation status.
105
Why Breast Cancer? Interest of the Question
Terki K.1,2, Zaoui C.2 ;3
1SEMEP EHU Oran
2Faculté de médecine, université Oran 1
3laboratoire de Biologie du Développement et de la Différenciation, Université Oran 1.
The interest of science and researchers in breast cancer is the result of the interaction of several
factors, knowing that it is a disease whose origin is multifactorial and multidisciplinary care.
On the epidemiological level, it is the first female location affected and the most formidable (1/3
of all cancers). It is one of the leading causes of female mortality.
On the psychological and social level, the breast is an organ present and followed in all stages of a
woman's life, from puberty to her last day. His cancer involvement is an additional concern and
unexpected family burden. This is an additional economic and financial concern. It can be the cause
of family disunity. Having breast cancer is a heavy burden for the woman and her family.
At the medical and therapeutic level, pathology represents a major element of the burden of
morbidity, the prognosis of which is dominated by the risk of metastases, since the diagnosis is
often late.
The treatment remains radical: most often imposing an amputation of the mammary gland.
Mastectomy is an important traumatism whatever the age.
On the psychological level: Its repercussion can be attributed to two main causes:
The loss of the breast for itself and the aesthetic damage it entails. It is known to the public that
complete removal of the breast is only performed for malignant breast lesions. Mastectomy has
been described as "a serious insult to one's own personality". Wearing an external prosthesis is
already a help for everyday life.
Keywords: breast cancer, epidemiology, psychology, treatment.
106
Analysis of the Total Polar Compounds of Frying Oils Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy on
Fried Potatoes
Jie Yu Chen and Han Zhang
Akita Prefectural University, Akita, 010-0195 Japan, E-mail: [email protected]
The quality of fried foods is closely related to the quality of the frying oils. Research interest in
how fried foods are degraded by deteriorating frying oils has increased over recent years, because
of the connection between degraded oils and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, a rapid
technology is required to measure the content of total polar compounds (TPC) in fried foods such
as French fries, and to monitor the quality of frying oils during processing.
This study proposes a rapid technique for determining the degree of degradation of frying oils by
scanning intact fried potatoes using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.
Fried potato samples were collected from potato deep-frying experiments using an actual restaurant
style stainless steel electric fryer at temperatures of 180, 200, or 220 °C. In these experiments, the
French fries and two kinds of rapeseed oils (commercially refined canola oil and unrefined
Kizakinonatane rapeseed oil) were used. The ATR-FTIR spectra were recorded directly from the
intact fried potatoes in the wave number range of 4000-500 cm-1, using a special probe.
Partial least square (PLS) regression with full cross validation was used to correlate the TPC
content of the frying oils with the near infrared spectra from the intact fried potatoes. The PLS
calibration model exhibited a high correlation coefficient of prediction (r) of 0.92, and a relatively
low value of the standard error of the prediction (SEP) of 2.9 %. These results indicated that this
measuring method offers a fast and simple method to determine the degree of degradation of edible
frying oils.
Keywords: frying oil, fried potato, degradation, ATR, FTIR spectroscopy
107
Evaluation of Antioxidant Effect of Green Tea Powder Addition in Fatty Acids
Eitaro MASUI, Satoru FUJITA, Xiaofang LIU, Jieyu CHEN and Han ZHANG1
Department of Biotechnology, Akita Prefectural University
241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi Nakano Shimoshinjo,
Akita City 010-0195, Japan
The object of this study is to evaluation of antioxidant effect of green tea powder addition in fatty
acids. Commercial green tea powder (GTP) was acquired from food store in Japan. Various
concentrations of GTP were added directly in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and
polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), then heated at 5 0 ° C for 12 days. The results showed that
addition of GTP at the level of 2.5% gave an excellent antioxidant effect on the fatty acids stability,
peroxide value (POV) and carbonyl value (CV) showed 39% and 42% inhibition compared with
non- addition samples each. Antioxidants added to the samples clearly slowed down the speed of
oxidation of fatty acids, inhibiting the fatty acids decomposition.
Keywords: Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), POV, CV
108
Effect of Fertilization on Nitrogen Uptake in Cotton
Galina Georgieva and Galia Panayotova
Trakia University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Production,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
This study was conducted to assess the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on
concentration and uptake of nitrogen in cotton (G. hirsutum L.), grown on Pellic Vertisols soil type
in Field Crops Institute Chirpan, Bulgaria. The cotton cultivar Darmi was grown in double crop-
rotation with durum wheat under non-irrigated conditions. The experimental design was a
randomized complete block with four replications. Individual plots consisted of six 2.40-m rows
spaced 0.60 m apart with a net plot size of 10 m2. Single and combined nitrogen as NH4NO3 in
rates 0; 80; 120 and 160 kg.ha-1 and phosphorus as triple superphosphate in rates 0; 80 and 120
kg.ha-1 were tested. The N content in plant parts (% of dry matter) during bud formation, flowering
and maturity stages was analyzed by Kelhdal method. N uptake (kg.ha-1) was the product of dry
matter yield (kg.ha-1) and concentration (%). The results showed that fertilization exerts a
favourable influence on cotton plants. The nitrogen application to the Bulgarian cotton cultivar
Darmi increased seed-cotton yield, concentration and N uptake. Under the influence of N
fertilization the total seed-cotton yield increased by 26.6 (N80) to 32.9 % (N120) compared to the
unfertilized (1.32 t.ha-1). Fertilization with N120P80 led to the highest economic effective yield –
1.82 t.ha-1, by 37.8 % above the unfertilized. The total dry yield in maturity stage was an average
5.51 t.ha-1. At single fertilization with N80, N120 and N160 the total dry matter in the maturity was
more than the unfertilized (4.07 t.ha-1) by 24.0, 40.8 and 62.8 %, respectively. The biomass was
highest at combined fertilization N160P120. The concentration of nitrogen in the cotton plants
increased with increasing the fertilizing rates and from stage bud formation (2.47 %) to flowering,
and then decreased to a maturity (2.13%). The nitrogen uptake with the total cotton biomass was
from 62.2 to 173.8 kg N.ha-1. The intensity of nitrogen uptake increased at nitrogen fertilization
due to its strong influence on the above ground biomass. Such information would enhance nutrient
management strategies and may be used for cotton development/yield models.
Keywords: Nitrogen, Fertilization, Cotton, Yield, Concentration, Uptake
109
Description of the Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System in EHU of Oran
Khadidja.Terki1, Chahinaize ZAOUI, Radia Dali Yahia2, Fatima Serbis3, Nori Midoun1.
1Service d’Epidémiologie et de Médecine Préventive, Etablissement Hospitalier et Universitaire
(EHUO) , Oran, Algérie
2Service: laboratoire de microbiologie EHUO, Oran, Algérie
3Centre de transfusion sanguine EHUO, Oran, Algérie
Epidemiological surveillance at the University Hospital of Oran is a systematic and continuous
process at the level of the Epidemiological Surveillance Unit within the Epidemiology and
Preventive Medicine Department. It consists of a record of all the cases declared by the hospital’s
services. The purpose of our descriptive study is to identify anomalies in the system.
In 2017, 382 reported cases were registered, of which 64% are male with a sex ratio = 1.76. The
lowest statement of recognition is recorded in the middle of the year (May, June and July). The
microbiology service is the first reporting service (51.3%) followed by the Blood Transfusion
Center (26.5%). The hepatobiliary surgery department is in the third position (11%). The average
age of patients is 44 ± 1.9 years old with a peak at 39 years. Syphilis is the first disease found in
the distribution (31%), followed by hepatitis (25% hepatitis C, 17% hepatitis B). The distribution
of cases, by category of diseases, emphasizes the hepatitis, 159 cases (41.7%) and sexually
transmitted diseases: 150 cases (39.3%). Zoonoses ranked third (11.8%). Several deficiencies are
noted, namely that in 54.2% of declarations do not include the concept of address. Age is not
mentioned in 18.3% of the declaration forms as well as for the accuracy of the confirmation of the
cases (56%).
MDO compliant reporting is a mandatory act of any medical practitioner. Training, with awareness
and organization in collaboration with the administration, is also required.
Keywords : reportable diseases , surveillance, system, notifiable, EHUO
110
An ECG Classifier using FIR with QRS Response
Dina Riydh Ibrahim
Republic of Iraq - Ministry of Higher Education - University of Ninevah
ECG signal is one of the main ways used to diagnose the diseases in the heart, which is consisting
of P wave, QRS complex and T wave , it is a bio electrical signal register the electrical activity of
the heart which may be irregular and caused heartbeat to be fast or slow, and it is very important
to diagnosis diseases and arrhythmia detection .The important step for ECG signal analysis is to
detect QRS complex, this gives more detail for diagnoses diseases The design of (FIR) is used as
high pass filter to detect QRS complex from the normal ECG signal by reducing the interference
of 50 Hz power supply , the next step is done by using this signal as a coefficients to a matched
filter in classifying Electrocardiography (ECG). This filter is based upon the concept of matched
filter with the simulation a (QRS) response of obtaining the best fit correlation factor. Such system
is to be design and verify.
111
Quantitative and Qualitative Study of the Intestinal Microbiota of Newborns
RAHLI Fouzia 1, 2, KIHAL Mebrouk2, BOUDERBALA Hadjer1, BELHADJ Hanane1
1 Ecole Supérieure en Sciences Biologiques d’Oran
2 Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Université d’Oran-1-
The intestinal microbiota is a complex set of microorganisms living in symbiosis with the host. We
maintain the survival of it through our metabolism and our dead cells, in return many researches
show that it is useful to our defense and can be a sign of good health. The microbiota is unique to
each person but its exact composition is not yet elucidated. Diet, mode of delivery, gestational age,
antibiotics and environment are factors that modulate bacterial composition. There is now a real
interest in research to describe the nature of host-microbiote interactions and their impact on health.
in this study, we quantified the intestinal microbiota of newborns from. in order to determine the
influence of the factors on the variation of the composition, we studied several cases (vaginal
delivery, caesarean delivery, premature birth). The results showed that children born vaginally have
a high proportion of Lactobacillus. Children born by caesarean section had a lower proportion of
Bifidobacteria and Bacteroides compared to others and were moreover colonized by Clostridium.
Prematurely born infants have a less diverse microbiota and strict anaerobic species appear to be
established later than in term infants. However, this may be due to the fact that premature infants
are often born by caesarean section and remain hospitalized for longer in a very aseptic intensive
environment with often antibiotic treatment.
Keywords: Intestinal microbiota, Flora, Newborns, Obesity, Probiotic.
112
Elemental and Spectroscopic Pigment Analysis of the Love (Karsi Bucak) Churchwall
Paintings in Cappadocia, Turkey
Hatice Temur Yıldız 1, Abdullah Zararsız2, ÖmerKantoğlu 2, Aslıhan Karatepe1
1Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Department of Chemistry, 50300, Nevşehir, Turkey; 2 Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, 06980, Ankara, Turkey
From the fourth century onwards, Christians who discovered Goreme and its surroundings changed
the fate of Cappadocia and they lived the monastic life for many years by adopting the world view
of St. Basil and built unique rock carved churches. The Karsı bucak Church is located behind the
village of Avcılar in an isolated volcanic cone. It is composed of two irregular aisles, preceded to
the north by a barrel vaulted vestibule; the north nave is longer and barrel vaulted, measuring ca.
4.75 by 2.8 meters, while the South nave is almost square, measuring ca. 3.1 by3.3 meters, with a
flatceiling. Architect Lemaigre Demesnil attributed the building to the early Christian period based
on its limited, carved decoration. The church has a history close to the time of painting in the second
half of the ninth century. The aim of our work was to investigate the pigments used in the
wallpaintings of the Love (Karsı bucak) Church by micro-XRF, micro-Raman and FT-IR methods.
For this purpose, red, yellow and orange pigment samples were taken from the walls as micro
particles as well as the tuff rock and mortar samples with out giving any damage. Samples were
analyzed in the Turkish Atomic Energy Authority Laboratories. According to the results, it is found
that Yellow Ochre, Red Ochre, and their combination was used in the yellow, red and orange
colored samples respectively.
Keywords: Cappadocia, wall paintings, pigment analysis, tuffrock, mortar
113
Efficiency and Risk of Long-Term Fertilization of Durum Wheat
Galia Panayotova1, Svetla Kostadinova2
1 Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora,
Bulgaria 2 Agrarian University, 2Faculty of Agronomy, Mendeleev 12, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and risk of long-term (1990-2014) nitrogen-
phosphorus fertilization in increasing rates and quantitative proportions on the productivity of durum wheat
at a stationary fertilizer trial on soil type Pellic vertisols, under differing weather conditions at the field of
Institute of Field Crops - Chirpan. The rates of nitrogen fertilization were N0; N40; N80; N120 and N160, and
of phosphorous fertilization - Р0; Р40; Р80; Р120 and Р160. The used fertilizers were ammonium nitrate and
triple superphosphate. The nitrogen for durum wheat plots was applied two times: one third - at sowing, and
the rest as a top dressing at the end of wheat tillering stage, and phosphorus – before sowing. The block
design with four replicates was used. The size of the yield plot was 10 m2 (2.40 x 4.20 m). The agronomic
efficiency (AE) was calculated using the following formula: AE = (Y-Y0)/F (kg.kg−1), where Y and Y0 were
grain yields from fertilized treatments and unfertilized control, respectively, and F - amount of N fertilizer
applied (kg.ha−1). The data and the regressions dependencies between the resultant parameter grain yield
and the nitrogen fertilization were statistically analyzed with the SPSS statistical program and the Duncan’s
multiple range test (P = 0.05) to find significant differences among means. The Pearson correlation
coefficient was determined. The comparison of the meteorological conditions in the studied years with the
long-term 86-year period shows that there are significant deviations, especially in terms of humidity, and
the deficit is primarily from vegetative rainfall in the most important phases of the development of culture.
For example, average rainfall in June of studied years was 47.3 mm, and it is lower by 20.6 mm compared
to the long-term period. It was found that average for 25 years, cultivar Progress realized a grain yield of
3.53 t.ha-1. As a result of natural soil fertility (without fertilization) the yield was 2.34 t.ha-1. With nitrogen
fertilization the yield increased to N120 - 4.02 t.ha-1, which exceeded the unfertilized with 17.2 %. With
independent phosphorous fertilization the yield reached up to 2.61 t.ha-1 at P120, with 11.8% above
unfertilized. With the increase of the phosphoric rate there was a tendency for yield decrease due to the
established good supply of phosphates. With combined fertilization, the yield increased up to N120-160P80-120
- 4.06-4.33 t.ha-1 of grain. The highest value is for fertilization with N12P12.The grain yield without
fertilization was lowest in 1999 – 1.03 t.ha-1, and highest - 3.96 t.ha-1 in 2001. The agronomic efficiency of
the applied fertilizer increased to fertilization with N80 reaching 173 kg grain/kg N fertilizer. AE decreased
to 96 kg аt a high nitrogen N160. At phosphorous fertilization AE is the best - 35 kg grain/kg fertilizer at low
applied P40. Fertilizing with P80 was paid off with 30 kg grain. The regression model showed that without
nitrogen fertilization can be expected grain yields of up to 1.50 t.ha-1 in 4 of the years; 1.50-2.00 t.ha-1 in 5
of the years; 2.00-2.50 t.ha-1 in 6 of them; 2.50-3.00 t.ha-1 in 8 of the experimental years and over 3.00 t.ha-
1 in 2 of the years.
Keywords: durum wheat, nitrogen, phosphorus, yield, temperature, precipitation, regressions.
114
Sustainable Development of Protected Areas Throughout a Cultural Grazing - a Case
Study of Babia Gora National Park
Kamila Musial, Jacek Walczak
National Research Institute of Animal Production, Department of Production Systems and
Environment, ul. Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland, email:[email protected]
Babia Gora National Park is one of 6 Carpathian national parks in Poland, located on the border
with Slovakia. The park covers an area of 33,92 km², mostly occupied by forests. The rest of the
area is covered by seminatural plant formations like meadows and pastures that require human
activities. Cultural grazing of livestock, mainly sheep but also cattle and horses in protected areas
of national parks is an example of such activity, characterized by numerous restrictions and rules.
They are imposed on shepherds by the authorities of particular national parks. The aim of the study
was a synthetic evaluation of rules and requirements of cultural grazing in Babia Gora National
Park and its impact on grasslands. Such grazing takes place on the basis of lease agreement for
cultural grazing in park, which determines the number of ruminants that can be grazed in particular
area, so that animals do not cause damage to the environment. Such lease agreement currently
permits for the presence of 1 flock of polish mountain sheep, which is a native breed, with
maximum number of animals up to 300. They are grazed just below the Babia Mountain, on the
area of 9.3 ha, each year from May to September, for 6-7 days during the month. Except sheep
there is also grazed a native breed of cattle - Polish Red. The aspect of animal husbandry and
breeding native breeds, is also important for sustainable development of such rural areas of
outstanding natural beauty. Old, native breeds of farm animals are often unsuitable for large-scale
farming, but on the other hand, they are perfect in locations with harsh climate and short vegetation
period. Grazing of sheep and cattle contributes to maintaining the seminatural plant formations
from Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class. Its impact is often manifested by twice as many species of
vascular plants on the grazed surfaces, compared to abandoned ones. Thus, it is crucial to sustain
the biodiversity of these plant communities.
Keywords: cultural grazing, native breeds, protected areas, southern Poland
115
Mathematical Approaches to Study the Influence of Three Levels Fertilization and
Irrigation
Antoniya STOYANOVA1, Velika KUNEVA2, Nikolai VALCHEV1
1Trakia University, Faculty of Agriculture, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
2Agricultural University 4000 Plovdiv
e-mail: [email protected]
Intensive greenhouse production of vegetable crops is usually associated with excessive use of
mineral fertilizers. Therefore, in this study the subject of the study is tomatoes, greenhouse
production grown under different diet regimes. The main objective of this study was to analyze the
impact of different modes of irrigation and fertilization levels on the productivity of tomatoes,
greenhouse production. Mathematical approaches to clarify the nature of dependence between
fertilizer level and various irrigation norms during the tomato vegetation period. Updating
greenhouse technology also includes water-saving irrigation systems such as drip irrigation. Three
years of tomato research has shown the impact of different fertilization and irrigation regimes on
the productivity of tomatoes, greenhouse production. Investigated the interaction of different levels
of the humidity created by the application of controlled constant water deficit (factor A - irrigation)
at three levels of the diet (factor B - fertilization) on the productivity and quality of tomatoes,
greenhouse production. The influence of different fertilization levels was investigated - zero
fertilization, fertilization at 50%, 75% and 100% of the fertilizer norms and irrigation regimes with
optimal and disturbed irrigation regime, achieved by constant water deficit at 50% and 75% of the
optimal irrigation rate. The experimental variants are: 1. Irrigated irrigation regime (50% of the
irrigation norm) without fertilization; 2. Irrigated irrigation regime (75% of the irrigation norm)
without fertilization; 3. Optimal irrigation regime (M-100%) without fertilization (control); 4.
Irrigated irrigation regime (50% of irrigation rate) 50% fertilization; 5. Irrigated irrigation regime
(75% of irrigation norm) 50% fertilization; 6. Optimal irrigation regime (M-100%) with 50%
fertilization; 7. Irrigated irrigation regime (50% of the irrigation norm) and 75% fertilization; 8.
Irrigated irrigation regime (75% of irrigation norm) and 75% fertilization; 9. Optimal irrigation
regime M-100%) with 75% fertilization; 10. Irrigated irrigation regime (50% of irrigation norm
rate) and 100% fertilization; 11. Irrigated irrigation regime (75% of irrigation norm) and 100%
fertilization; and 12. Optimal irrigation regime (M-100%) and 100% fertilization. Under the
influence of food and water deficiency, relationships between the morphological parameters, the
irrigation norm and the productivity of the tomatoes have been established. There is a high
correlation between plant height and leaf count, total yield (r = 0.897 ** and r = 0.899 **).
Keywords: tomato, irrigation regime, correlation, cluster analysis, factor analysis
116
Healing from Nature; Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don
Şahane Funda Arslanoğlu, Soner Sert
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, TURKEY
There are many plant species in Anatolia that are believed to be a source of healing, consumed and
collected from nature. One of them is Trachystemon orientalis (L.) (Boraginaceae), which grows
in beech and oak forests in moist, organic matter high, shaded areas in North Anatolia (Black Sea
Region). The genus Trachystemon D.Don is represented by one species in Turkey. Trachystemon
orientalis (L.) G.Don which is distributed in various habitats in the Black Sea region in Turkey. Its
local names are Kadırayak, Kaldirik, Deve pancarı, Ispıt, Zılbıt, Zıbıdık, Acı hodan, Doğu hodanı,
Tamara. T. orientalis is an edible plant that flowering branches, rhizomes, leaves, petioles, young
stems are sold in the in bazaar (open markets) in Black Sea region as vegetable until beginning of
February end of June. It is a food that the local people are loving and consuming too much. T.
orientalis is consumed as a food or vegetable plant and its recorded folkloric /traditional medicine
are as skin softener, constipation reliever, digestive system activator, diuretic, blood purifier,
emollient etc. fever reducer, perspirant. However, It knows as a medicinal plants in traditional uses.
The aim of this study is to determine the change in the amount of collected from nature and the of
consumption of T. orientalis in in year to year in Samsun-Turkey. The data of the study consist of
some data of studying for 10 years in order to see the effects of consumption and of collecting from
nature of Trachystemon orientalis. This research, in the north of Turkey, located in the Black Sea
region was carried out in province of Samsun. It was started on March 1, 2007, by collecting from
the nature and identifying the plants consumed due to their food and medicinal properties and
diagnosing the species. For this purpose, the 4 the biggest bazaar (open markets) for the Samsun
province were visited between 7 and 10 AM every week, in March, April, May and June. The
amount of T. orientalis brought to the bazaar was determined and surveys were made. Weekly price
and product changes were recorded. In this study, It has been determined that at the end of 10 years,
approximately 39.62% of the plant which has been consumed by collecting with rhizomes from
purely natural areas, was rapidly decreased and destroyed due to intensive collected. The reason
for this was that the plant was harvested from the beginning to the end of the flowering with flowers
and rhizomes which are reproductive material. This research is still going on.
Keywords: Trachystemon orientalis, medicinal plants, food, traditional medicine
117
Traditional Uses of Berberis sp. in Anatolia
Ömer Faruk Ayna, Şahane Funda Arslanoğlu
Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops
Samsun, TURKEY
The Berberidaceae family consists of 12 genera and 200 species. These are perennial herbaceous
or bush form. That they contains berberine alkaloid which gives yellow color in woody parts. In
Turkey, Berberis vulgaris, Berberis integerrima, Berberis crataegiana, Berberis cretica species
naturally grown. The roots, bark, leaves and fruits of Berberis sp. is consumed as food, jam,
molasses, sweet and tea in Anatolia. In addition, the yellow dye obtained from the roots is used for
dyeing yarn and wool. Berberis species are uses as supportive and therapeutic for vascular
problems, bile excretory, expectorant, laxative, energizer, fever-lowering, diabetes, against
hemorrhoids, blood pressure lowering, stomach disorders, bowel disorders, diarrhea, constipation,
jaundice, colds, eye pain, redness of the eye, treatment of sores and cuts. In this paper was picked
up traditional uses of Berberis species of in Turkey.
Keywords: Berberis vulgaris, Berberine, Traditional uses, Anatolia
118
Presence of Pesticides Residues in Honey, Albania
Elona Shahu1, T. Pihlström2, Vlash Mara3, Ederina Ninga1
1Department of Toxicology and Residues Monitoring, Food Safety and Veterinary Institute,
Tirana, Albania
2Department of Science, The National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food, Agricultural University, Tirana,
Albania
This study presents for the first-time presence of pesticides residues in honey produced in Albania.
A total number of 122 honey samples were analyzed for the determination of the pesticide’s
residues. The samples were collected from different regions in Albania, during the two harvest
seasons for two years. 10-gram sample was diluted with 10 ml distillated water and then extracted
with twenty milliliter of ethyl acetate. The extract was analysed for xx different analytes using gas
and/or liquid chromatography. Both gas and liquid chromatography were coupled to triple-
quadrupole mass spectrometry in MRM mode. 32 out of 122 samples were sent for further
confirmation. Eight different analytes were detected in those honey samples. The presence of
coumaphos, cypermethrin, dimeotate, DMF, diphenylamin, tau-fluvalinate, ortophenyl phenol and
piperonylbutoxide was confirmed. Coumafos was found to be present in 53% of samples with the
range of 2 - 46.1 ng/g and amitraz metabolite, dimethylphenylformamide, 2,4 was in 38 % of them
in the range of 0.5 - 42.4ng/g.
Keywords: Honey, pesticides residues, coumaphos
119
Determination of Pesticide Residues in Egg with Lc-Ms/Ms By Ethyl Acetate Extraction
Ederina Ninga1, Ilirjan Boci2, Elona Shahu1, Edlira Shahinasi3
1Department of Toxicology and Residues Monitoring, Food Safety and Veterinary Institute,
Tirana, Albania
2 Departament of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana,
Albania
3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food, Agricultural University, Tirana,
Albania
The goal of this study was to develop and validate a method for determination of 55 pesticides
residues and/or their metabolites in hen eggs. The selected pesticides were chosen to be in line with
Albanian National Residues Plan in Animal Products as well as from the list of plant protecting
products that is currently in use in Albania. The method is based on ethyl acetate extraction, or
SweET method, which is mainly used in the determination of pesticides residues in animal
products. Five gram of homogenized egg sample was extracted with 10 ml ethyl acetate, cleaned
up using PSA and C18. The samples were salted out using sodium sulfate and 1 ml extraction was
transferred in LC vials after a 10 minutes’ centrifugation. The egg extract was analyzed in liquid
chromatography system coupled with triple quadrupole in dynamic mode. Accuracy, precision,
linearity, limit of quantification of the method and the matrix effect were evaluated by spiking the
samples at three different levels corresponding to 0.01, 0.05 and 0,1 mg/kg. All of them excepted
Methamidophos, had acceptable recovery values specified by SANTE document, in the range 70-
120%. Although Methamidophos recovery was in all three levels between 45%-55 %, the results
were considered acceptable due to satisfactory precision data. The overall uncertainty of the
method was evaluated from the uncertainty of the random error and the uncertainty of the
calibration line. The expanded overall uncertainties estimated were found in all cases lower than
50%.
Keywords: Pesticides residues, egg, liquid chromatography, ethyl acetate exctraction
120
Ethiological Investigation of Ascites, Multiorganel Deformities, Granulocytosis Observed in
Cultured Sparus Aurata
Bilge Kaan Tekelioğlu 1 Celal Erbaş 2 Çiğdem Urku 3 Sinan Kandır 4
Oğuz Taşbozan*5 Şefik Surhan Tabakoğlu 5
Özgür Yilmaz 2, Alex Atanasoff 6 Mehmet Çelik 7 Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE 5
1 Cukurova University, Faculty of Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Adana,
Turkey
2 Cukurova University, Yumurtalık Vocational School, Yumurtalık, Adana-Turkey
3 Istanbul University, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Department of Fish Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey
4 Cukurova University Faculty of Faculty of Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, Department of
Physiology, Adana, Turkey
5 Cukurova University Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Adana-Turkey
6 Trakia University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Husbandry
Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
7 Cukurova University Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Food Processing and Technology,
Adana, Turkey
*corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]
This study aims to understand the causes of unexpected health problems in some fish samples in a
fish culture unit and to share the data obtained during the protection of fish health by taking
corrective measures. All data were compared to healthy fish samples. The average body weight
and length was, 98.63 g, 18.02 cm.
In gross pathology; abdominal enlargement, flake and dermal deformation, increased fish slime,
abdominal fluid, pale and discoloured kidney and liver with gastroenteritis were observed.
Histopathologically, intense steatosis with lipid accumulation scattered irregularity in shape,
haemorrhage and hyperaemia in the liver, large accumulation of lipid around the enterocytes in the
intestine and glomerulonephritis, tubular vacuolization and tubular dilation in the kidney were
observed.
121
Haematological values were within physiological range in unhealthy group, while red blood cells
(RBC), haematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean
corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) levels were decreased and white blood cells and
percentage of granulocytes were increased significantly (p<0.05) in unhealthy fish.
As a result, it was thought that the phenomenon might have arisen either due to the hypersensitivity
reaction caused by unexpected culture conditions, individual digestive problems or some
infections. The liver, spleen, and kidney have been sampled for bacteriology and were inoculated
into 5% sheep blood supplemented tryptic soy agar which has the final 1.5% NaCl concentration.
Inoculates were incubated at 20 °C for 7 d. Pathogen microorganisms, especially Pseudomonas
anguilliseptica have been not detected. In order to reach more accurate results, investigations of
viral infections and other diseases are continuing.
Keywords: Sea Bream, Fish diseases, Infections, Granulocytosis, Glomerulonephritis, Hepatitis.
122
Study of Some Quality’s Parameters of Olive Oil in Albania Markets
JONIDA CANAJ
Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences UT, Albania
e-mail : [email protected]
Olive oil is a very important agricultural product of the Mediterranean region, as Albania. In this
study were obtained for analysis of 10 samples of olive oils varieties produced in the country and
imported ones. Have conducted a series of physico- chemical analysis to determine the moisture
and volatile substances, acidity, peroxide number, lathering number, refractive index, density,
polyphenols, etc. These tests are indicative of the nature and quality of olive oil referenced by
Regulation of the European Committee. Methods used to determine these indicators refer to the
AOAC, 2005. The samples were collected randomly in different markets and are analyzed directly
in laboratory on May of this year. Physico- chemical parameters are in the range of standard, but
the value of polyphenols is not in high levels. Olive oil is rich in polyphenols but in this study the
samples labeling ‘extra virgin olive oil’ have a purity content of natural antioxidants.
Keywords: olive oil, physico - chemical characteristics, polyphenols.
123
Spe Technique for Determination of Pah in Water Samples
CANAJ J 1, BOCI I 1, VASO K2
1Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences UT, Albania
2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences UT, Albania
e-mail: [email protected]
The aim of this article is to provide current knowledge and information in assessing the need for
further extraction and quantification of these toxic compounds in water samples. Polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutants and their importance appears from
their toxicity and carcinogenicity to human. There are some techniques of extracting PAH from
different water matrices such as drinking water, lakes, surface water, rivers, ground water, etc. The
classical technique is liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) The selected extraction technique, influences
the accuracy of the results, also determines the total analysis time and cost. Different extraction
techniques as SPE, LLE, Automated SPE, used to release PAHs from water samples have been
overviewed in different studies. The method of extraction of SPE technique is EPA 8310 method.
The recovery of PAH results varies from 0.78%-52% to the concentration 10ppb of stock standard
and 2.456%-62% to the concentration 100ppb of stock standard. The accuracy of SPE technique is
not in very high level depending on the PAH results.
Keywords: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs, extraction technique, LLE, SPE
124
Screening of Some Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Genotypes under Salinity Stress
Based on Germination and Emergence Tests
Sibel Day1 *, Yakup Çıkılı2, Mehmet Demir Kaya3
1 Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
2 Department of Crop and Animal Production, Çilimli Vocational School, Düzce University,
Düzce, Turkey.
3 Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir,
Turkey
*Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]
Salinity diminishes germination, inhibits and delays emergence and prevents seedling growth of
linseed. Some genotypes or varieties less affected from salinity while the others affected seriously.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 levels (0, 10 and 20
dS m-1) on germination and seedling growth of 7 linseed genotypes by screening germination,
emergence and seedling characteristics. The results of the germination test showed that all lines
germinated. Emergency tests indicated that at 20 dS m-1 KCl level line 193 and line 114 did not
emerged and at 20 dS m-1 MgCl2 level line 104 did not emerged. Furthermore line 194 at 20 dS
m-1 KCl and 20 dS m-1 CaCl2 levels emerged but died after and line 193 and 114 also emerged at
20 dS m-1 CaCl2 and 20 dS m-1 MgCl2 level respectively and died after. Screening of cultivars
under salinity precisely showed the diversity among genotypes and demonstrated that lines 215, 87
and 89 had superiority over others. Key words: Linum usitatissimum L., KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2 , ion,
uptake
125
Impact of Boron (B) Applications on Yield Components and Minerals Content of Safflower
Cultivars
Sibel DAY1, Mehtap GÜRSOY2, Nilüfer KOÇAK1, M. Burak TAŞKIN3, Erman BEYZİ4,
Muhammad AASIM5
1Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
2Güzelyurt Vocational School, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
3Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University,
Ankara, Turkey
4Seyrani Agriculture Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
5Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya,
Turkey
The study presents the responses of cultivated cultivars of safflowe to Boron (B) under field
conditions. B was applied at the rate of 0, 4, 8 and 12 kg ha-1 B to Balcı and Remzibey cultivars
and trial were conducted in randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Data recorded
were plant height, branch number, head number, thousand seed weight, seed yield and oil ratio
(percentage) were investigated. Whereas, uptake of B, P, K and Ca by plants were also evaulated.
Cultivar × B interaction was only effective on B uptake of plants. The effects of B doses were
observed on branch number and yield per decare. The minimum B uptake was determined with
46.0 mg kg-1 in control to Remzibey cv. The maximum B uptake was recorded in 12 kg ha-1 B
application of cv. Remzibey. The maximum branch number was found as 7.1 in 8 kg ha-1 B
application. While the maximum yield per decare was observed in control application with 108.0
kg. Whereas, minimum yield per decare was observed in 16 kg ha-1 with 89.8kg da-1. Clear
differences bewtween two cultivars were recorded and Balcı cv. was found superior to Remzibey
cv at 12 kg ha-1 B application.
Keywords: Boron, Safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L., Yield components, Boric acid