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When? The movement started from roughly 1150-
1600.This means that the movement started during
the period of the middle ages and into the period of time, which was also called Renaissance.
Renaissance means re-birth, this was because the
middle ages was thought as of a period of
darkness. Because it involved a period of 100-year
war, the plague and the chaos, which was happening in the Catholic Church which was said
to, unsettle people’s faith in the government and
religion.
movement occurring in Europe as people
were searching for a di#erent culture than the one
they had hence the renaissance name Renaissance
because they wanted a new society. The meaning of Renaissance’ represents how at
the time things resumed after the decline in trade
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used for structuring society and how relationships
were based around the holding of land and
exchanged for services and labour work. 'The arts had quite a di # cult time remaining important during the Middle Ages, given all of the territorial struggles that were occurring
throughout Europe. People living then had enough to do merely figuring out how to stay in
the good graces of whoever was ruling them, while the rulers were preoccupied with
maintaining or expanding control.’ Jennifer Rosenberg People wanted to bring back the
classical arts which had declined they had
declined because of the period of war and
unsettlement that had taken place this meant that
because 'that People living then had enough to do merely figuring out how to stay in the good graces of whomever was ruling them' it meant
they just had to what they could to survive and not
get into some kind of trouble with what is nowknown as a dictator 'the good graces of whom ever was ruling them’. This shows how
they had to keep the ruler happy and not step out
of line therefore this implies that the ruler was
demanding and didn't give the people of that time
much freedom, this means that they weren't given free will and were treated like sheep almost bosses
around and not give free will. The definition of
a dictator is 'a ruler with total power over a country, typically one who has obtained control
by force.' They were therefore too busy keeping their ruler happy this shows how they must have
been running errands for them out of fear for their
lives, this is because of the reason that if they were
not afraid of them why would they give up there
free will for them 'With the large exception of the
Roman Catholic Church, no one had much time or thought left over to devote toward the luxury of art' ( Shelley Esaak ). This means the ruler must
have given them a reason to fear them like made
an example of someone else, to have so much
authority, what we know as a dictator now, which is
someone who contradicts to you what to do, what to think such as what to believe in.
This created a sudden want from society to learn
classically again this was from the: paintings,
sculpture, architecture, music and literature work
that was created in previous centuries (14th,
15th and 16th). This was therefore when societies
knowledge and awareness of nature and classical
learning increased. This means that the movement
was influenced by a variety of subjects these were
all under the category of classical arts: politics, art,
literature, philosophy, music, science and religion.
that 'Christian worship and symbology continued to inspire renaissance artists’; this
therefore means that they included symbols in their paintings, which are associated with religion. Other
things such as ‘roman history and mythology were
explored for subject matter’ also inspired them.
Quote Art the Whole Story
Characteristics of renaissance? The art was characterised by a humanist
aspect that meant that they were trying to capture
the human element of emotion within the art; this
therefore meant that they wanted to capture
emotion within a scene rather than just
concentrating on the visual beauty of the painting.
Most important pieces and artists of the movement?
Florence doors (gates of paradise) which were
installed in 1452.
is made up of ten panels.
The doors are so important to the renaissance
period because of the fact that 'Before him, nobody in Italy was able to create something in
bronze so big in dimension, not since the end ofthe Roman Empire," says Annamaria Giusti, the director of the Museo dell'Opificio delle Pietre
Dure' http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-
achievement, this is because at the time it would
have been a great innovation to be able to create
he had discovered a technique to create dimension
using the material of bronze. This therefore show
other artists how to use the material and mean that it paved away for them to use a similar technique
to what he did and eventually lead onto bigger
scale.
They are called 'The Gates of Paradise' and ‘received their name by Michelangelo who is believed to have exclaimed: "they are so beautiful that they would be
www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-gates-of-
competition which many artists competed in
each one was judged on '(realism, dynamic composition, perspective techniques) that
would become the keystones of the Renaissance, many scholars chose this date, 1401, to mark the beginning of the Renaissance', this was as these were the
characteristics of the movement.
examples of pieces created after the doors have
been created. The bronze doors had been created
with bronze and then gold plated. This is because
of the fact that the doors are a gold colour, if they were created using just bronze because the
materials a brown colour it would be a brown
colour.
have been created using the same method. The
sculpture also has slight erosion this is in the way that there is some brown colour showing through such as
on the sword she is holding this therefore shows the
material that is underneath.
$
This one is a very good example this is because of
the fact that it is made out of both techniques. This is because the hair is a gold colour and the object,
which she is holding, is also gold. And the body of
the person is a brown colour. The artist has used
the technique of sculpting the body straight out of
bronze and then the hair and the object the person is holding and plating it in gold. I think that this
technique creates focus point on the sculpture,
because of the contrast created. This is as the
colours of brown and gold are very di#erent toned
hues. This is as the brown is a dark colour and the
gold is a bright vivid metallic colour.
Triton, 16th century (1560–70)
$ And this one uses the most basic technique
although the subject has a lot of detail. This is
because the artists has sculpted the subject
straight out of bronze. This means that the
sculpture has been made is a more straightforward way because it doesn't have as many
And it also isn't mixing the two di#erent techniques
which therefore means that the technique which
has been used is more basic because it doesn't require as much delicacy either because small
details don't need to be gold plated either which
would require a lot of neatness.
David Michael Angelo
$ 'Michelangelo’s David has become one of the most recognised works of Renaissance sculpture, becoming a symbol of both
strength and youthful human beauty.' quote and image http://www.museumsinflorence.com/musei/
David_by_michelangelo.html
' It was commissioned with the idea that it would stand in a
niche on one of the cathedral’s tribunes, way up high. When Michelangelo was finished, they realized that it was
far too beautiful to be placed up high, and so it was decided to build a base for the sculpture and to place it
right in front of the main government building of Florence (like putting it outside the capital building in Washington
D.C.)’ It was therefore to become the symbol of Florence as it was placed in front of the %
quote from http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/ Michelangelo-David.html
louvre-lessing-pomarede-1st/italian-school-15th-
and-16th/five-masters-of-the-florentine)
the earliest known example of true scientific one
point linear perspective... which had only beendiscovered.... a few years earlier.’ http://
smarthistory.khanacademy.org, they explain in the
commentary how it creates an illusion of space.
This is in the way that the technique 'an artist may
suggest three dimensional depth on a flat surface'
this technique was discovered by 'Alberta asoutlined in his treatise on painting' the technique is
'as a science closely related to optics (the study of
the vision of the eye'. (Art the whole story)
'Three part nature of god', hence the 'trinity part of
the title'
and details of the human body which has been
illustrated in the painting creates sympathy for the
viewer, in the way it makes it seem and look like an event that actually happened, the man in the
commentary says 'extraordinary rendering of the
human body' he goes on to explain how the details
the artist has included of how the 'muscles are
pulled', he also explains how the blood
makes people empathy for Christ because it shows how he's su#ering and in pain 'Christ is bleeding'
and 'to see the hollow of the abdomen', I
personally think that the hollowing of the abdomen
is a way of conveying the theme of death and how
the life has been sucked out of him.
http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/holy-trinity-
death is inevitable and the path to eternal life (to
have an afterlife) is to follow faith, this is shown inthe way that Mary the one on the left side of the
cross in gesturing with her hand towards her son
‘see’s pointing up to Christ', they are talking
about Mary and how she looks very 'mournful' for
her son on the cross, she is showing the way to
eternal life. The theme of death is conveyed with the co&n which is at the bottom of the piece this is
in the way that the co!n is see-through and you can see a skeleton and bones lying in in, this
therefore conveys the ideas that the skeleton was
apart of someone who once lived.
http://mbyl.hubpages.com/hub/the-holy-trinity-by- massacio-masaccio-fresco-florence-paintings-
cathedral in Florence (19th century) http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/holy-trinity-
santa-maria-novella-florence.html The piece below also shows this, 'In the
Florentine church of Santa Maria Novella, Masaccio explored the illusionistic of
perspective.’ (Art the Whole Story)
'Theories into about how to imply depth beyond
a flat surface' The plan below was for the Santa Maria Novella of
Brunelleschi who constructed the roof of the cathedral, which replaced the old wooden one,
which was there previously.
$ Leonardo de vinci
$ The painting fits in well to the renaissance genre because of the
way he's placed brush strokes so that the painting has dimension this is seen in the way the creases in the material of her clothing bunch up on her wrists and arms, although the lady appears very three dimensional looking I think the background doesn't show
enough fine details to appear as if she's standing in front of it I feel as if she contrasts with the scenery too much almost like she
doesn't belong in front of it but on the other hand it draws your attention to her the main focus and subject of the piece. He has
also used light to create dimension such as on her neck area andusing light and dark shadows on her face to emphasise parts such as her cheek bones.
Michelangelo
Michelangelo was also a very famous figure ofrenaissance but he was the figure of high renaissance. He also experimented with various
techniques but he became famous as a sculpture before any of his paintings were well known. His
sculptures were under the name of 'Lorenzo
de' Medici' one well known sculpture of his is Pietàfor St Peter's.
The sculpture is located in the St peters church in
Italy, Venice that is located in Saint Marcs square. In 1501 he started working on painting projects
which are still left unfinished, this was partly due to the fact he was interrupted in 1505 as he was
ordered to Rome to work on a sculpted tomb for
'pope Julius' the
The first photo above is of the Sistine chapel ceiling and then below is the sculpture for the
saint’s tomb. The ceiling is apparently been painted in a particular way to present a message, this is in
the way it is made of Jewish symbols it was apparently an act of defiance aimed at the pope
and has to do with the crossover between catholic and Jewish faith. This is because they are found that there are 'shapes that correspond to Hebrew
letters', follow the link to a telegraph article covering the findings from authors with the
theory. % Quote from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/
Raphael is another high renaissance painter his
most famous paintings were the Madonna’s another famous piece was pope Julius the second to redecorate his papal apartments in 1505 he was also appointed the architect of St. peters in Rome,
Raphael died at the young age of 37.
St peters church
$

$
$ Above are the madonna's which he is most famous for. This also
includes the themes of classical arts, this is because of the fact that the babies are naked, the theme of the human form. However I find it strange that the baby is naked and the mother isn't. This is
because in a lot of classical paintings more than one person will be
nude.
The style of the painting is quiet realistic this is in the way the subjects in the painting is so realistic. For example the skin which is quiet a natural colour, this is in the way it is a colour between yellow and peach. It doesn't look like a false salmon coloured tone, which is quiet often used as a standard for skin colour.
The middle painting is the weaker painting this is because of thefact that the painting is partly cracked, this might be because of the fact that the painting is older than the other two paintings.
The a theme he has used in a few paintings. This is in the way the women aren't the same in the paintings and the babies aren't the same either therefore it is a theme or a concept which has been
used several times.
The theme has religious connotations, this is because of the fact that.
vision of a knight
$ This painting above by the artist was called vision of a knight it dates to about 1504. The painting is based upon the idea that the knight represent the
ideal attributes in a man these are conveyed in the use of objects in the piece. The book represents
the scholar for example reading and poetry and knowledge, which was very popular in the
renaissance period. The sword represents strength
in to protect and the flower represents the caringaspect the flower is used as it creates connotations to nature and mother nature and how's she's
thought to be a caring force. Although the painting fits the renaissance genre with the subjects in the paintings theme I don't think the colour scheme
appears very realistically because the colours use a blue vibrant tone and also a red tone. For
example the lady on the left has light reflecting on her dress this creates a pale washed out look of colour which reminds of comic characters the painting doesn’t seem to have enough dark to
contrast the light and a balance between the hues to make it have a realistic appearance.
Titan The next artist Titan became famous for the
painting called the portrait of a lady.
$ The painting fits in with the renaissance genre because the
appearance of the scene in very realistic in it's appearance this isthe three dimensional qualities this is in the way the material of her dress has dark creases in the dress and the detail in the stone in front has a realistic appearance this is because of the texture of stone and how it's appears like it is in real life. I like the composition of the piece because it appears to be balanced in the way the subject and objects are placed in the frame, this is because there is a bulky pillar like object on the right and then on
the left the lady and then the negative space around her balancesthe composition out. The painting fits in with the renaissance genre because the appearance of the
scene in very realistic in it's appearance this is the three dimensional qualities
this is in the way the material of her dress has dark creases in the dress and
the detail in the stone in front has a realistic appearance this is because of
the texture of stone and how it's appears like it is in real life. I like the
composition of the piece because it appears to be balanced in the way the subject and objects are placed in the frame, this is because there is a bulky
pillar like object on the right and then on the left the lady and then the
negative space around her balances the composition out.
Neo-classical- 1750 This was the art movement that started in Rome in
the 1750's to the 1830's, the word 'neo-classical' translates into the meaning 'new-classical'.
Characteristics of the art? 'Neoclassical art is characterized by its classical form and structure, clarity, and to an degree,
realism', in which is the opposite of Romanticism. The codes and conventions for this style was
influenced by 'political events' this was in the way
that Characteristics of this style include: vases, swags and festoons, classical figures, real and
fantastic creatures and beading. % quote from http://www.historyofpainters.com/
neoclassical.htm
Vases- these were loved by people in the second half of
the 18th century, they were the symbol of the ancient world and because it was a practical object
to put things and also a design motif which is
basically a decorative piece of imagery or design.
Swags and festoons-
flowers were also used
were bud like motifs. These were based on classical Roman decoration
Classical figures-
These were used as the human figure is used in Classical Greek and Roman art.
Animal figures- Both real and imaginary creatures were
used 'Dolphins, lions, sphinxes, gri!ns and satyrs often form the bases or handles of objects.'
Beading- Lines of small bead shapes adorn many Neo-classical objects, this is because it’s a common feature to classical architecture.
Influences? The style was influenced by the designs of
classical Greece and Rome 'the major source of inspiration came from archaeological discoveries such as those made at Herculaneum and Pompeii
which brought the ancient world to life '
The aim of the movement was 'to revive the spirit
of the great civilisations of ancient Greece and
Rome and developed as a reaction
against hedonism and frivolity of the Rocco movement', the movement first started
by philosophers in France who talked about enlightenment examples of those philosophers are
'Denis Diderot' and 'Voltaire'. The philosophers were against the Rocco movement this is because they didn't like
the 'morel laxity of the Rocco style, and by
association, the regime that had spawned
it' they replaced it with 'art that was more
rational, morel and high-minded. A revival of the culture of the classical world fitted this
perfectly'.
The movement started in Rome 'It's theoretical basis was
provided by Johann Wickelman, a German scholar who worked
for Cardinal Alessandro Albani, a wealthy collector of
antiquities. In his books, Wickelmann proclaimed
the superiority of Greek art, while also urging painters to dip
their brush in intellect.'
This inspired Anton Mengs, an example of this is the ceiling painting in Alessandro Albai in his new villa.
characteristics of the movement?
'over the course of it's development across Europe neoclassic took on di $ erent characteristics and meaning'.
This shows how there was a really varied amount of characteristics that the movement used over the years it was active. %
quotes from Art the Whole story
Jacques- Louis- David he perceived the movement as being 'a grand heroic movement
that was associated with the French revolution'. This shows how the artist had one perspective on the art movement that there were several di&erent takes on the movement. He is the example of
artists who painted events in a heroic style. % quote from http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/neoc_1/
hd_neoc_1.htm Whereas the artist below Robert Adam had a completely di&erent
take on it. This is in the way that he used it in the medium of interior design. Still using the a similar style, the concept of
everything being grand, for example this artists who painted heroic scenes whereas the designer below designed grand looking rooms
they both have a grand look almost like they are making a celebrative statement.
$
whereas other contributors to the movement such as 'Robert Adam and James Wyatt, it became a fashionable, decorative form
of interior design'. % quote from http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/neoc_1/
hd_neoc_1.htm
'Robert Adam'
'Robert Adam was one of the most eminent architects of the
second half of the 18th century. He played a major role in
introducing Neo-classicism to Britain’ V&A. His work was so well known and liked that it was given the name 'adam' style. This
therefore shows that his work was successful and had a good response from people. This is in the way that the 'Adam style'
became a nickname. This is almost like it was something everyonewas talking about and had become a house hold name. This is like the way celebrity's are re&ered to today, for example when we are talking about the singer Madonna Louise Ciccone we don't need to call her by her first name we can just re&er to her as madonna this is because of the fact
that she is so well known that we just know her by her first name. Another example is the singer Beyoncé Knowles we just call by the name Beyoncé, this
is because of the fact that she is so well known that everyone knows who she is by her first name. But this could be due to the fact that she has such as distinct name which not many people
have. However it is a simuliar concept to the 'Adam Style'. %
ceilings, walls and floors to furniture, silver and ceramics. The
'Adam Style' was enormously popular and had a lasting influence on British architecture and interior design.’ V&A
He produced a wide variety of work 'interior decoration,
sculpture, furnishing, metalwork and architecture.' V and A This means that he had a wide skill set to use in his career it meant that

whereas other contributors to the movement such as 'Robert Adam and James Wyatt, it became a fashionable, decorative form of interior design'.
'Robert Adam'
'Robert Adam was one of the most eminent architects of the
second half of the 18th century. He played a major role in
introducing Neo-classicism to Britain', his work was so well known and liked that it was given the name 'Adam' style. This
therefore shows that his work was successful and had a good response from people. This is in the way that the 'Adam style'
became a nickname. This is almost like it was something everyone was talking about and had become a house hold name. This is like the way celebrity's are referred to today, for example when we are talking about the singer Madonna Louise Ciccone we don't need to call her by her first name we can just refer to her as Madonna this is because of the fact
that she is so well known that we just know her by her first name. Another example is the singer Beyoncé Knowles we just call by the name Beyoncé, this
is because of the fact that she is so well known that everyone knows who she is by her first name. But this could be due to the
fact that she has such as distinct name that not many people have. However it is a similar concept to the 'Adam Style'.
' Adam developed a distinctive and highly individual style which
was applied to all elements of interior decoration, from
ceilings, walls and floors to furniture, silver and ceramics. The
'Adam Style' was enormously popular and had a lasting
influence on British architecture and interior design.' He
produced a wide variety of work 'interior decoration, sculpture,
furnishing, metalwork and architecture.' V and A %
This means that he had a wide skill set to use in his career it meant that he could do a wide range of alteration work that his clients
wanted. His career started 'work as an architect grew out of his reputation as a painter', he then went onto architecture but he only built one the quote 'He only built one complete country house, Belvedere in
Kent.' shows this fact that he didn't do much construction from
scratch but he did other architecture in the form of alterations'most of his work outside London consisted of alterations to existing houses and villas', the work was said to have come from upper class families who lived outside London in large towns, this
is shown 'of alterations to existing houses and villas. Compact buildings near large towns, villas were used by their fashion-
conscious owners for hospitality and display.' in the projects he used inspiration from his research into classical Greek and Roman
buildings,
material decor motifs on a building front. An example of his work is the interior room design below.
The book by the artist below James Stuart inspired Robert Adam which was called Antiquities of Athens, this book meant that the
things which people hadn't seen who didn't live in Athens would be able to be inspired from it.
'James Stuart' One of the biggest contributions he made was the 'Antiquities of Athens' he published in 1762 accurate record of Classical Greek
architecture and served as a principal source book for architects and designers well into the 19th century, this meant that designers who didn't live in Italy could access the inspiration away from the
geographical location, this explains why the book was said to have 'impact on British design in the late 18th century is largely due to Stuart's landmark publication Antiquities of Athens’ V&A, the book was brought back to England when he returned in 1755
and published it in 1762.
$ The artist James Stuart did these two paintings, they are apart of his collection based upon the classical architecture of Greece and
Italy. The paintings were deliberately made to be very accurate
$
Josiah Wedgwood The 'Sta&ordshire potter' Josiah Wedgwood (1730 - 1795) was the one who introduced 'Neo-classical ceramics', he was the one to make di&erent types of ceramics (pottery) available which were
very decorative 'Wedgwood did much to broaden the appeal of
Neo-classicism by introducing new materials and new types of
pottery goods.', he started out by copying 'designs from their
books and antiquities.', therefore he got lots of inspiration from di"erent imagery and sources and composed it all together. He
did this from being 'introduced to the style by a number of
collectors and architects’ V&A , this means that he took influence by artists and designers before him this means that he is taking inspiration from what they have learned worked and what didn't
therefore he was informing him self. He then found steady employment from those wishing to havehouses and park buildings created in the latest and most authentic
Classical style. He also designed Neo-classical silver and furniture.' and then gradually his work became known.
These ceramic vases are examples of what he produced.
$ image from http://www.design-about.com/people-josiah-
$ image from http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006mk0g/
features/wedgewood The ceramics were very successful this was in the way that 'His
cream coloured earthenware was christened 'Queen's Ware' after Queen Charlotte, who appointed him queen's potter in 1762' BBC
'And also the fact that Wedgwood greatly improved the clumsy ordinary crockery of the day, introducing durable, simple and regular wares.' BBC
I like the way the designs are very simple. This is because of the fact that the itonly uses two colours. The designs are very obviously inspired by classical greek art. This is in the way that the women are dressed on the design. The lady is
wearing a toga dress. This dress is recognisable from the way the dress goes over one shoulder.
Romanticism-1770- 'The movement emerged when a combination of
particular 'philosophical, political, social and artistic
movements and conditions brought imaginative individualism
and unconstrained activity to the fore'. This therefore means that it was a combination of di&erent ideas that didn't come from art
but from the situation in society that had occurred during the time. It was brought on partly by German philosophers Immanuel Kant, Karl Schlegel and Georg Hegel, they focused on the artists 'inner
world as the content of the Romantic sphere', it was the idea ofa ' visionary, dreamlike core' and this was the inspiration for the early romantic works. In the way that it 'fuelled early romantic
works such as the mascabre painting The nightmare by the
Swiss artist Henry Fuseli’.% Quotes From Art The Whole Story
this painting was first exhibited in 1782.
$ 'depicts a women lying defenceless on her bed, trapped within
her nightmare vision, while a demon incubus squats on top of
her looking defiantly out at a viewer’. This creature is used as a metaphor, this is from the way that the way it is sitting, it looks like a heavy mass on her chest. This therefore conveys the idea that
the creature is weighing her down mentally so much that it istrapping her in the nightmare she is having. % Quote from Art the whole story
when? This was the movement, which happened in 1782-1830, it started
in Germany and then gradually moved to England and spread
across Europe.
The movement happened from the influence of German poets and writers, they wrote about love hence the title Romanticism. It was also a reaction against the art movement of Enlightenment which happened in the 18th century, which was because of the 'war torn
years across Europe. movement characteristics?
The style was characterised by the fact that they refuse to use the traditional painting style such as landscapes, still lives and seascapes. Although the subject matter that they paint isn't
classical the style in which they paint it tends to be. But the style developed into a more decorative style in its structure, form and mainly in the way there are luminescent colours used these were used. For the purpose of creating an emotional or spiritual like
reaction to the viewer.
Because the paintings were influenced by writings this meant that they were based upon legends, mythology, fairytales and folklore which basically means a story which has been passed through
word of mouth this therefore means that these story's are
sometimes generations old. 'the idea of the inner world, specifically its visionary, dreamlike core’ Art the Whole Story , an example of this in a painting is in the painting of the nightmare
by the Swiss artist Henry Fuseli, this painting has a 'dreamlike core' this is in the way that the subject has been taken over by her night mare, this is illustrated by the gremlin sitting on her chest and also in the way the women is lying spread hanging over her bed this is
almost like the position of someone who has passed out, this could
also be inspired by the story of sleeping beauty because they areinspired by fairytales and the lady is passed out in a similar way and the gremlin on her chest could be illustrating the character of
who is evil and misleads her. Because the Romantics were trying to evoke emotion in their audience they would sometimes use animals as there subject
matter this is because animals could be used as metaphors for
human behavior and nature forces by artists such as 'Delacroix, Antoine-Louis Barye, and Edwin Landseer.' quote from metmuseum
Influenced by?
The movement was influenced by the industrial revolution which started in 1779 when the coal Brookdale bridge was constructed in
England, an example of this is in 1844 in turners painting Rain,Steam and speed 'allying Romanticism with the spirit of the
steam' and the industrial revolution. Art the Whole Story Quote.
Also during the movement in 1789 the French revolution starts, the movement helped the French revolution as they produced art that
promoted the cause of the revolution for example in 1793 the painting 'The death of Marat' painted by the artist Casper David
Friedrich which was based upon the murder of his friend. The movement was also inspired by the French revolution this is in the way they rejected the 'the rational thought of the 18th century
enlightenment', the enlightenment was the period of time when people 'had sought to rationalize the world and move away
from the dominations of superstitions and religious ideals
towards a more ordered world and more intelligent
thinking' this was because during of the French revolution which
occurred after the American revolution, it created a period of timewhen there was war right across Europe which lasted years. This therefore meant that people were losing faith in religion and the idea of having a higher power guiding them such as god, and
looked for other solutions to the unsettlement. % Quotes from Art the Whole Story
This was one of the reasons the paintings were so dramatic and emphasised the emotion within the painting , this was referring to
the trauma which was happening socially in the movement, for example the unsettlement of death during the war, they used
nature to emphasise this such as animals and also weather such as sea storms and rain. The paintings seem to having a mainly deep
and dark toned colour scheme. Then in 1799 when Napoleon was brought to power in France he
was the main subject of many paintings during the movement, the Spanish resistance was then painted later on, the theme of faith
was also used to produce dream like landscape paintings such as the paintings by John Martin.
The movement was also influenced by events in society. The French revolution which happened in 1789
which occurred because of the American revolution which happened between 1775 and 1783, this 'marked long war-torn
years across Europe, illustrated by works such as the third of May 1808 by Eugene Delacroix.
$ The piece above is called the wanderer above the sea of fog.
The message behind the piece is that 'the artist is experiencing
the world as no one has ever experienced it before. Fredrich's
wanderer is symbolically at the edge of existence. He stands
on the mountain top, confronted by a physical, and emotional,
choice- he could end his life by hurling himself into the
unknown or he could return to the world below and changed
man’ V&A. This therefore is exploring the theme of death and the belief or idea that there might be an afterlife or we could just have one life, this is conveying the idea that no one really knows until
they die if there is one.
The colours and textures that have been used also help emphasise the emotion the character is feeling this is in the soft texture of the
waves and the blue colour, which has been used.
$ The painting above is called The Raft of the Medusa, this piece is also conveying a very emotional scene 'placed an emphasis on
the turbulence of human psychology and the awe inspiring
power of nature Art the Whole Story'. The nature has been shown as very powerful in this painting, this has been conveyed in
the way that the waves a gradually getting higher and thereforemore powerful, the wave on the left is a little away from the raft but is on the way to the raft and is seen to be rising and is therefore a danger to their lives, then on the right side there is a wave a way
away but is on it's way and appears like it's getting to them and is also a danger to them because it's also gaining strength like the
other one.
'a major work in French 19th-century painting—is generally regarded as an icon of Romanticism.'http://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-
notices/raft-medusa
'It depicts an event whose human and political aspects greatly interested Géricault:
the wreck of a French frigate o" the coast of Senegal in 1816, with over 150 soldiers
on board. The painter researched the story in detail and made numerous sketches
before deciding on his definitive composition, which illustrates the hope of rescue.’
Louvre This therefore shows how the painter has based the piece on a real event of the time and by 'making many sketches before deciding his
definitive composition' it shows that he has developed his ideas rather than picking the first one that came to mind straight away when deciding to make the painting.
The name of the painting is implying or speculating that the accident was too strong of a
force just to be a natural accident this therefore means that the force had to be supernatural, which would be a much more powerful force. This therefore brings the
legend of medusa into the title
The legend of medusa comes from 'Greek mythology, the most famous of the monster figures known as Gorgons . She was usually represented as a winged female creature having a head of hair consisting of snakes; unlike the Gorgons, she was sometimes represented as very beautiful.
Medusa was the only Gorgon who was mortal; hence her slayer, Perseus , was able to kill her by cutting o$ her head'. http://
www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/372807/Medusa
Perhaps the artist is comparing the strength of the waves and the event to a force like medusa or perhaps those who survived, saw the event or where
told about it speculated that it was this ancient Greek myth or medusa. The colours used in the painting, which are very typical of romanticism, create a moody atmosphere, the artist to heighten and emphasise the
emotion of the dictator and the experience for the people in it has used this. For example the colour scheme which has been used is: black, grey, navy
blue, duck egg blue, beige, white, peach/ tan tones, and brown. These are all examples of very natural tones because they are seen in photos of
woodlands or the sea. And although the artist has used some lighter colours to highlight the scene the colours, which are used, the most are darker tones
this therefore makes use of the darker tones more therefore conveying a moody atmosphere.
This has also been created because of the body language of the people in the scene some are screaming, gritting their teeth, crying out for help and then some are just lying on the floor unconscious or dead. The ones which are crying out for help are reaching up and are waving their arms in the air
like they are praying to god that it stop or that someone will see them, which looks unlikely that it will happen because no one is around so they are most
likely turning to faith (to god).
$ The piece above is called The third of May, this piece is by theartist Franciso De Goya, which also represents a real life event in history. ' a French firing squad executing ordinary people in
Madrid as punishiment for actions of the Spanish rebels, who
revolted against the French occupation’. Which had taken place the day before he painted this on 2 may 1808.
'The painter used contrasts to tremendous e$ ect in this scene
and the two groups of figures face each other at very close range'. Quotes from Art the Whole Story
'early Romanticism was shaped largely by artists trained in David’s studio, including Baron Antoine-Jean Gros, Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson, and Jean-
Auguste-Dominique Ingres.' (met museum) This therefore would contribute to the fact that they each have such a similar style because they a common piece of
background/ foundation training, this is in the way they were all trained in Jacques Louis David's studio. Which means that they have been taught the same
techniques and methods.
$
$ The artist was 'trained in David’s studio' , before that he was first trained by his father. He met Napoleon through a friend Joséphine de Beauharnais
who he met in 1785.
These two paintings are from the artist, both of Napoleon. He choose to paint him because he was 'his hero’ Art the Whole
Story. This therefore means that he idolised and looked up to him a lot. This therefore could have added to the dream like state of the
painting the Romantic fantasy like appearance of the paintings, because of the fact that when you look up to someone they become like a hero, almost god like and not apart of reality.
The fantasy like appearance has been created with the use oflighting. For example the either moody or vibrant appearance of the sky. The first painting is using a vibrant lighting this is in the way
that the yellow tone coming from the sky area is seen, it is therefore conveying sunny weather but the use of the yellow is properly
emphasising the warm weather more than it is this is because the yellow is so deep, because on a warm day you an see a glow from
the sky but it isn't as deep of a yellow tone which the artist has used he is therefore probably emphasised and therefore
romanticised, meaning that it has been made to seem better than it actually was or is.
The scenes of the paintings are based upon the subject’s military career, these are therefore scenes where the subject is in conflict or
just about to go into conflict. This is conveyed in the way that people are lying on the floor with
the other people looking strong. This therefore conveys that they are dead because they don't have there eyes open and also the
fact that a lot of people are lying on the floor in a heap, this emphasises how many people have been killed this therefore
means that it's not just the one o& person they've killed it's many this therefore means that it's initial this conveys the idea that there is a conflict and it's one side against another, this therefore means
it's some kind of battle, this is also conveyed with the use of
imagery where one man is holding a spear which is weapon which would be present it they where having a battle, but the others don't have them out because they have over powered the other side who
have died and are standing in some kind of victory pose.
(Images from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/246595/ Antoine-Jean-Baron-Gros)
'By 1840, then, the emergence of an artist such as Théodore Chassériau,whose hybrid style fuses Davidian classicism—which he learned in Ingres' studio—with the Romantic painterliness and exotic subjects of Eugène
Delacroix, captures the contradictory stylistic impulses of his generation.' the purpose/ How it happened?
The movement 'o"ered an alternative to Davidian Neoclassicism. David
himself had been exiled to Belgium in 1816, where he died in 1825, and his
loyal pupil Gros ran his studio until his own death in 1835. In pursuing the
stylistic alternative that Romanticism o "
ered, French artists looked beyondtheir borders, emulating British prototypes, particularly in landscape and
portraiture’. Art the Whole Story
This therefore means that some artists had become board with the movement of
Neoclassism and it o&ered something a bit more modern for the time period.
Characteristics?
'This blurring of stylistic boundaries is best expressed in Ingres' Apotheosis of Homer and Eugène Delacroix's Death of Sardanapalus (both Museé du
Louvre, Paris), which polarized the public at the Salon of 1827 in Paris.' (met Museum).
'the boundaries between Neoclassicism and Romanticism blurred, as evidenced in the works of many of David's own pupils.'(met Museum). This is therefore saying that the characteristics of both movements almost emerged into
one.
However the movement was freer for artists 'with its free handling of paint and expanded repertoire of subjects'(met Museum). This therefore means that they
didn't have such ridged codes and conventions.
Other artists-John Martin- 'He was nicknamed 'Mad martin' because his brother was
mentally ill produces awe inspiring Romantic landscapes that
expresses his faith.’ V&A He was an artist in the later part of the movement when paintings were said to have been fully developed
in techniques and therefore more impressive.
$ When you look at the painting from a distance it looks like a calm
scene of nature. This means that the artist is conveying the themeof heaven through the calmness of nature.
'The Plains of Heaven'
But when you look closer at the painting you can see that on the cli&, where it looked like waves where crashing gently there are women wearing long floating dresses, although crashing isn't
usually a word used for something and connotes something which is harsh or brash that happens, but the waves have been painted in a motion which appears soft this is because of the white which has been used and also the soft texture which they have been painted
in.
The women in long floating dresses connote the ideas and themes which are in the bible this is in the way that there are supposed to be angels in heaven the hue which the dresses have been painted
in connotes purity this is because... this therefore connotes the idea of angles being good and being present in heaven.
'was inspired by St John the Divine's fantastic account of the Last Judgment given in Revelation, the last book of the New Testament.', this means like the title suggests the painting is based upon the theme of religion, god and how there is a higher power in
control rather than the people on earth making the decisions.
'to express the sublime, apocalyptic force of nature and the helplessness of man to combat God's will', by the use of the word ' apocalyptic' , this is referring to
the 'Biblical Apocalypse' ( Google definitions), This seen in the painting below which has a very chaotic, busy and moody atmosphere, the painting is apart of a three painting series which he based upon the same theme, the title of the series
being 'the Judgment Series'. The reason that the painting series fits the style of romanticism is because the theme is based upon the idea that there is a god which is a
higher power in control of our path and that when we die that there is a heaven, although some people strongly believe that this is the case, they don't know for sure only when
they die because no one knows that there is a heaven or hell for sure until they die because it isn't believed to be on earth or not accessible until our life on earth is over,
these paintings are therefore based upon the imagination of the belief this therefore means that the paintings have a dream like quality which is typical of the style.
The colour scheme of this painting adds to the moody atmosphere, which has been created by the artist, this is the way that they have used deep, dark and vivid hues. For example the colours used in this piece include: black, brown, grey, blue, white and red. The black and brown hue have been used in the most quantity this is in the way 2/3 of the painting are painted using them, because they are darker colours they connote a darker mood this is in that bright
colours such as yellow connote a happy atmosphere because theyare seen in hot and sunny weather this means that the dark colours connote the opposite because they are seen in rainy and cold weather. The dark colours also help create a contrast between it and the vivid colour of red this is because the vibrant colour against the dark brown and black, makes the red seem more vibrant this is in the way a contrast is created from the darker colours. The colour red also connotes the theme of anger and danger which the artist is trying to convey, this is because the scene is about the 'Biblical Apocalypse' ,this means the idea of the 'cataclysmic vision of destruction', this is therefore conveying the idea that god is causing an ' Apocalypse' , this is in the way that god is getting angry with the people on earth. This is conveyed with the imagery in the scene of the angry looking sky, the sky looks angry and moody because of the way there are big storm clouds and the way that the orange and red lines in the sky look like lighting is brewing in the sky because they look like lighting bolts. The colour red also connotes anger and danger this is in the way that the colour red is associated because blood is red so it connoted death (the end of life) which we all fear out of
human instinct because we are programmed to survive (the survival of the fittest. % Quotes from V&A

$
'Georgios Klontz' The imagery within the painting represents the ideas within religion that there is an
after life and that there is a hell which people who haven't been good and have
committed sins burn in red hot lava and singe in hell whereas the people who have been good go to heaven a live peacefully forever in their afterlife.
International Gothic
The title gothic refers to the 'Nordic tribes that overran the
Roman empire in the sixth century', it was an early style of art in Europe at the end of the 14th century.
It was called an international style because 'of
the similarity between stylistic trends and techniques that
appeared geographically distant European centers’ an example of this is in the way that artists from France, Italy, Austria, Bohemia (Czech republic) and England' all 'developed an artistic style that
intensified elements of the gothic during it's last flourish'. This therefore shows how it happened in an international way.
The movement happened because the artists of the movement were influenced by the events during that time period, the European crisis that happened 'in the political, social, and
cultural spears at this time'. This was caused by the decline of
the holy roman empire. Two things ‘the schism in the church
prior to the death of emperor Charles IV coupled with the
removal of the papal court to Avignon further undermined the
absolute authority of the church’ caused the decline in the holy roman empire. This was therefore a religious crisis and this means
that the people trust and respect in the church needed to be restored. Which in turn means why the medieval religious theme of
the work in this is present, for example ' Religious figures and
scenes were the periods predominant subject matter'.
Quotes from Art the Whole Story
The hundreds of years of war during the medieval period from 1337 to 1453 between the countries of England and France were also an influence on the art work this is because the war e&ected the 'social and political landscape of Europe', for example the
piece below
This piece is showing 'indirect expression of struggle for power', this is therefore a metaphor for the people in the medieval period
and how they had to do what ever the ruler wanted and had no say
or freedom to state their opinion out of fear, this istherefore comparable to a modern dictator. The piece is therefore conveying their feeling of unsettlement in their lack of control in the
situation in society. % Quotes from art the whole story
Gothic Architecture
The gothic movement also included gothic architecture, the style of the art was a type Medieval art that developed in Northern
France which then spread throughout western Europe, it came from the Romanesque art which happened in 12th century AD,
it occurred and was influenced led by the development of Gothic architecture which was 'developing side by side with
Romanesque art.’ Art the Whole story % The movement lasted more than 200 years, the movement like the
renaissance was apart of societies e&ort to move out of the darkness of the middle ages. Societies reaction to trying to move
out the dark ages meant that Christianity strengthened, this therefore meant that the building of churches and cathedrals and
the interior decor inside it for example tapestries, colourful windows etc.
'Gothic architecture is the result of an engineering challenge:
how to span in stone ever-wider surfaces from ever-greater
heights? While most early medieval churches were covered
with timber ceilings, many Romanesque buildings have either
stone barrel vaults (i.e., semi-circular) or groin vaults (i.e., bays
of barrel vaults crossing at a right angle). Their walls are
necessarily thick to counter the outward thrust of the vault,
and they allow only small windows. From 1100 onward,
architects experimented with innovations that, once properly
combined, allowed the dissolution of the wall and a fluid
arrangement of space.' MetMuseum % This means that the movement arose from the want to have higher windows that the technical di!culty of not being able to construct
high windows resulted in them having a 'pointed arch' from this movement they also 'developed a system of stone ribs to distribute
the weight of the vault onto columns and piers all the way to the ground' this innovation allowed them build bigger buildings which gave a grand appearance therefore creating a grand visual looking which would impress citizens this therefore is an e&ort for artists,
architects, designers to try and make the church seem appealing in someway an act of propaganda by using visual elements of colour
and great scale of building to draw people near to capture their attention, in my opinion to attract them with a big good looking building as it would stand out around the smaller buildings and
therefore attract them to want to see what the buildings for.
The style was characterised by the naturalism aspects of work in the movement. The movement also had the purpose of 'art itself
was created to enhance and explain religion. With widespread
illiteracy, painting and sculpture became "teaching tools" to
bring the stories of Christianity to the masses' Yahoo. This means that in a sense the imagery was used to convey the story
and religion of Christianity to the people in society who were unable to read at the time so therefore weren't able to read the bible which is a heavy piece of written material, this therefore
means that they were 'teaching tools' to make it easier for people to access the religion and understand it.
French Academic Art 1800-1900
The movement occurred when 'the Academie Royale de Peinture
et de Sculpture' combined with 'two other academies and became 'the Academie des Beaux- Arts in 1816'.
The academy was first established in the 16th century 'replacing
the medieval guild- apprentice system', the academy required
each student to take an entrance exam before they could study 'several years' with them.
the currilicum involved :'a student would spend years copying
works by past artists in order to assimilate their methods.
Every drawing had to be approved before a student was
allowed to advance to the next level’ v&A. This was therefore a very staged process in although it is an art subject academic. This is because of the fact that the students were judged very closely in
what they produced.
They started by 'initially drawing from printa, then plaster casts
of classical statues, finally progressing to drawing from life.
Once proficient in drawing they learnt to paint, but there was a
straight hierarchy of acceptable subjects’ Art the WholeStory . There success was then measured of competitions.
'History painting, which included biblical and classical
subjects, had the highest status, next were portraits and
landscapes and last were still life’s and genre paintings' these were of Romanticism and Neoclassicism they were 'academy
approved styles that artists were encouraged to draw upon in
their work’Art the Whole story . This therefore means that the kindof painting that they could produce was from a very narrow range, which means it's had a very straight and rigid structure, which later caused the movement of pre-Raphael art where a brotherhood was
formed to rebel against the straight regime of French academic art.
artists include The one thing that all the pieces of art noticeably have in common is that they all
include the female nude. For example the birth of Venus there is a female standing in a shell, the next one there is back of a female figure, a women lying on a bed
with just a sheet and in the last one there are many women unclothed along with men. This I personally think is to do with the roots in neo classism and
Romanticism which have roots in the resistance which was inspired by the classic
arts for example how in the
renaissance period they used to sculpt the nude.
William Bouguereau- The birth of Venus
$
Thomas Couture
$ image from http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/works-in-focus/painting.html?
no_cache=1&zoom=1&tx_damzoom_pi1%5BshowUid%5D=2031 'all whom successfully combined the theories of
Neoclassicism', this means that they stated art should be modeled on accepted classics of form and composite and 'not to
repeat them but synthesis their qualities in new works'. The 'Industialisation and European revolutions of 1848
transformed social conditions and artists began to reconsider
the authority of academic art'.
French realists and the British Pre-Raphaelites were the first one's
to question this, they did this because they 'objected to the conservatism and inflexibility structure of the academies, as well as their control of patronage'. And they also didn't like the method of
academy painting because they had a 'polished finish' and 'showed insincerity and a perfunctory approach. To rebel against
the movement they 'held alternative, uno!cial exhibitions to show their unconventional work. Later on the Impressionists rejected
their principles because they felt that 'all subjects were are equally acceptable and that the truthful depiction of the sensation of light
is art's true goal% quotes from Art the Whole story
Realism 1840 When?
This was the movement, which started in 1840. Purpose?
The movement 'sought to convey a truthful and objective vision of contemporary life', (Metmuseum), this quote tells you that the
movements purpose is conveyed by the title because the movement wants to convey a 'truthful vision', this means that the purpose of the work in the movement is to be as realistic looking
as possible to imitate what is seen with the eye.
They 'responded to the social and political changes by
rebelling against the art establishment and eschewing Romanticism' they did this is the way that they choose 'to depict
ordinary people and events in a naturalistic, almost
photographic, painting style based on close observation'. (Metmuseum),
'they also painted such scenes on large- scale canvases to
deliberately elevate their significance to that of major historic
events'. (Metmuseum), This therefore shows that
events in society The movement happened because of the influence of the French Revolution in 1848,Metmuseum ' As French society fought for
democratic reform, the Realists democratized art by depicting
modern subjects drawn from the everyday lives of the workingclass. Rejecting the idealized classicism of academic art and
the exotic themes of Romanticism'. This means that although realists liked the classical style of painting things how they
appeared to the eye they did not like way paintings only painted a limited range of subjects, which were usually of the upper class. This is the reason why they decided to paint di&erent subjects, which were not usually considered such as the 'working class'.
Characteristics?
Realism was based on ‘direct observation of the modern world. Metmuseum shows how not just the style was realistic but also the
subject matter they painting because it was 'based upon direct observation of the modern world'. This means the art was used as a means to make a statement, the way they represented the lower
class people by painting them and also by painting them in such as realistic style this was in order to give people who didn't see this
side of society an idea of what they are like and how they live through imagery "They often used a detailed technique 'Realists
recorded in often gritty detail the present-day existence of humble people'", it therefore a message to help the lower class community
and protest against the higher societies opinions of them and establishment, the use of detail is in order to make them seem as
realistic as possible hence the title 'Realism'.
'They often used a detailed technique 'Realists recorded in often gritty detail the present-day existence of humble people',
this was to raise the awareness of the way the lower class lived and the presence of them this is because higher class societies
were generally the ones to attend art exhibition events, this therefore gives them an insight into the way they live as they don't live in the same area so they would not usually associate with them
only walk past them occasionally.
Other things influenced this movement such as literature, 'in the naturalist literature of Émile Zola, Honoré de Balzac, and
Gustave Flaubert. The elevation of the working class into the realms of high art and literature coincided with Pierre
Proudhon's socialist philosophies and Karl Marx's
Communist Manifesto, published in 1848, which urged a proletarian uprising’. This quote is explaining how the publications of the
literature by people like Emily Zola it gave awareness to the lower and working class people he stated his purpose in the following quote 'I have but one passion: to enlighten those who have been kept in the dark, in the name of humanity
which has su$ ered so much and is entitled to happiness.', he therefore believed that the lower and working class people were being kept in the 'dark' by this he means they are being undermined and that they aren't being considered
he wanted to make people aware that they exist. % quotes from Metmuseum
'Gustave Courbet'
He is considered to be the 'leader of the realist movement', the painting of his called 'up seven years of my artistic and moral life declares his
political agenda'. Art the Whole story
$ image from (http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/works-in-
In this painting he was making a joke out of academic art, this was in the way that it had a 'ridiculing the idealised stance of academic art' (art the whole story), this is referring to the way that academic
art makes things appear perfect or better than prefect, this is in the way that the definition of idealised is to 'regard or represent as perfect or better than in reality', (Google definition). He is therefore making a joke out of how
they make everything seem perfect or better than perfect this is in the way that model is standing in the middle (the naked women) but around her are di&erent
people for example on the right there are people who are from upper class background, this is because of the clothing that they are wearing (of the dresses which have patterns), one women the closet to the viewer on the right side has a pattern which appears like it's gold, the colour of gold denotes ideas of a higher
standard because it is associated with being pure and a good quality metal as well as being a desirable item because of it's cost and beauty people associate with it,
therefore because of desire for it is worth a lot this therefore means that onlypeople in a higher class can a&ord it because you need to have money to attain it.On the left side of the model and where the artist is set up are people from the opposite walk of life this is also conveyed in what they are wearing this is
because they are wearing what the typical working class person would wear in that time period which was in the Victorian era, which started in 1837.
Madame Auguste Cuoq (Mathilde Desportes, 1827–1910)
$ This piece fits the genre of realism in the way that the painting style
is realistic but in the scene of the painting the painting doesn'tquiet match that aspect of it, this is because the lady is placed in a dress and sitting on what looks like a well made chair this therefore
connotes the idea that the lady is sitting in a well made comfy house, which also means that the lady is secure financially, this
therefore made me think when first looking at the piece why is it in the realism painting category because wasn't the purpose of the movement to represent the lower classes, but then the idea came to me that maybe this painting isn't conveying the social realism aspect maybe it's conveying emotive realism in the way that the
subject is posed she looks as if she's thinking deeply, she doesn't look happy or unhappy, it's the kind of deep expression that could connote that she is in some sort of depression or facing some sort of problem she needs a solution to if I had to sect I've her emotion
it would be deflated ( neither happy Or unhappy) just in a dream like state, this is therefore connoting the realism of her emotions
and peoples emotions, this is because in paintings before the movement subjects tended to be in planned poses and this therefore didn't connote the emotions people face in real life
because this means the subjects aren't portrayed or captured in a natural pose but are put in a pose which isn't natural this therefore forces their facial expressions. The colours on the piece also add to the moody, deflated emotion that the artist is trying to convey this is in the way he has used dark hues. For example the colour
schemes which the artist has used are: black, brown, vivid greenand burgundy and beige hues, this therefore connotes a depressed mood this is because of the connotations which the colours bring
into your mind for example black which is quiet often thought of as a funeral colour in western countries this is because black is worn
to funerals to represent morning whereas if the artist had used colours which had bright hues this would create the opposite connotations this is because colours which are bright such as
yellow make you think of happiness this is as they are associatedwith warm weather because of the sun and how it is yellow, and also because of the fact that days get lighter and brighter in the
summer and the night comes later whereas winter has long nights.
Woman in a Riding Habit (L'Amazone),
$ The painting above is not also obviously representing the lower or working class, this is because although the women isn't in a fancy
dress the women is dressed in a horse riding outfit this is an activity which you had to have some money to do unless the
women worked in a stable this therefore would mean that she was working class but in that period of time it was unlike that she works
as she was a women who didn't usually have jobs and stayed at home. The realism of the piece like the one before was done in the
detailed brush technique that the artist used therefore conveying as much detail as he could to make it close to what the eye could
see in real life, this means that it is slightly photorealistic, this appear similar to the way it would in real life, for example the
screen shot below of photorealistic art.
Colour scheme- I feel like the colour scheme is quiet dark like the
previous one for example the piece uses the colour scheme of: black, dark green, blue, navy blue, white and peach skin colour.
Although the painting has some lighter and brighter colours such as the hue below the navy blue which is a light blue colour, the
lighter shade of the deep green, the white, the pale skin colour a peach tone and the rosy red colour of her cheeks. This therefore
means that the painting isn't as dark as the previous painting, this is because it has slightly more lighter hues than the previous
painting. But I still feel like the colour scheme adds to the moody,morbid, and depressed atmosphere that the painting connotes, this is in the way that the subject (the women) is dressed in mostly
black which brings ideas into my mind such as death this is because the colour is very commonly worn to a funeral in the
western world it is therefore a colour which is considered to be a colour for mourning, for example widows mourning wear all black to convey/ communicate their deep sadden emotion. Also the fact that the women is the main focus of the painting and therefore the
black colour is the first thing you saw. The women is the focus point because of where she is placed on the canvas of the
painting, she is placed so her body is placed in the middle of the paintings width, this means that she stands out from the
background immediately, this therefore means that the eye falls on her straight away. Also I think the light blue hue and the lighter green hue which is present in the background has a contrast
between light and dark because of the darkness of the black, the eye also falls on the white gloves she is wearing because they are
$
This piece above by the artist Alyssa Monks who is a photorealistic painter, the painting is much more photorealistic than the painting above but I feel like it does have an aspect of realism in the way that it is interpreting what the eye see's but it isn't as realistic as
the photorealistic because the photorealistic painting concentrates on the tiny little details such as the fine lines of the girls face, the
details which are captured by the painter are as intricate as a camera would capture if you were taking a photo with a SLR high
quality camera.
'The artist Mary Cassatt admired this work as "the finest woman's portrait Courbet ever did."'
Pre- Raphaelite Art -1848-1900 This was created in rebellion to the form of the art academies. It was formed when students at 'London Royal Academy formed a society 'called the pre-Raphaelite brotherhood' the president of the group they were going against the 'dictates of the academies first president Sir Joshua Reynolds' they wanted to move away from the 'somber colour pallets, fixed subject matter and rigid conventions', they marked their paintings with PRB instead of signatures, the movement lasted about five years. The three founding members were 'Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and William Holman Hunt. Who were later joined by 'Thomas woolner, frederic george stephens, James collision, William Michael rosette.
Everett Millais-
influences-
'early Italianate art and were nostalgic for the medieval period,
believing that medieval art to be freer and more experimental
than in their own era. ‘This therefore means they were influenced by art movements that had freer codes and conventions because
they were reacting against the rigid rules that the French academicart followed that they didn't like.
the purpose of the movement 'was the melding of art and literature and they produced a monthly magazine, the germ, sub titled 'thoughts towards nature in poetry, literature and art'. the publication wasn't successful as 'very few copies were sold' and 'only four issues were published', however later it was considered 'highly influential' besides the fact it was a
'financial failure at the time'. They liked the theme of nature this is in the way that they had a 'painstakingly fidelity to nature'. They therefore had a very big
interest in nature and it was a theme they enjoyed.
They like the theme of fantasy this is in the way that they ‘often
choosing medieval romance as their subject matter', this therefore means that they liked themes that contained more
freedom in the painting.
earlier'.
They therefore goes with the theme they have of beingmore free with the art, this is because the studio can be quiet restricting because they could only paint what was in their heads or
from their imagination. I think that going outside would provide extra stimuli for inspiration in the painting.
Millais- Ophelia% Quotes from Art The Whole Story
Symbolism 1880
This movement came about in the 1880's and came about because it was a reaction ' against the rationalism and materialism that had come to
dominate Western European culture'.( metmuseum). The artist Jean Moréas, proclaimed the 'validity of pure subjectivity and the expression of an idea over a realistic description of the natural world .' This is therefore a reaction against
the realism as the imagery in the pieces isn't portrayed in a realistic way but in a symbolic way in the technique they use for example they use a less detailed
method where not every piece of the imagery is exact like the accuracy used in realism.
This movement was also created as a reaction against naturalism 'Symbolism was soon identified with the artwork of a younger generation of painters who were similarly rejecting the conventions of Naturalism.' This is because of the
fact that that the piece is using di&erent brush techniques in the way that the brush strokes used were quicker and a dot like dabbed shape. This is therefore much di&erent to naturalism this is because of the fact that the style is more abstract
than based on the realistic look of the object.
The movement was also the opposite to realism as they ' believed that art should reflect an emotion or idea rather than represent the natural world in the
objective', this means that rather than having the imagery representing the subject exactly as we see it in the real world with accuracy that the realists used they instead wanted to convey emotion in the art or an 'idea' which is meaning a
concept.
The movement was caterorised as an avante grande movement, the 'symbolism related more to an artistic approach than to a particular style'. This therefore
means that it was a new innovation a new concept that had been thought up.
Influenced By? 'the poet jean more as unfolds the symbolist manifesto in an article about poets stephane mallarme and Paul Verlaine in the French newspaper le
Figaro 1886.'
'It was also a reaction against 'the 19th century preoccupation with
materialism and technological change&#

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