abraham lincoln mrs. chen; 8 th grade u.s. history
TRANSCRIPT
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
Mrs. Chen; 8th grade U.S. History
BACKGROUND
February 12th, 1809 – April 15th, 1865
Self-educated Kentucky lawyer; Whig Party
6’4”; Married to Mary Todd Lincoln; 4 Sons
Illinois congressman; opposed Kansas-Nebraska Act;
lost to Stephen Douglas in the Senate race of 1858
1st President to be photographed at inauguration
and 1st to be assassinated
“HOUSE DIVIDED”
After being nominated for the U.S. Senate by the
Illinois Republicans, Lincoln delivered a speech in
Congress known as the “House Divided” Speech.
Drawing upon the bible verse Mark 3:25, Lincoln’s
words would rally Republicans all across the North
as he warned of the dangers of disunion caused by
the slavery debate
A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot
endure, permanently, half
slave and half free. I do not expect the
Union to be dissolved — I do not expect the house to
fall — but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will
become all one thing or all the
other.
ELECTION OF 1860
The new Republican party nominated
Lincoln to run for president in 1860. Lincoln
won the clear majority electoral votes and
40% of the popular votes.
As states began to secede, President James
Buchanan told Congress that the states had
no right to secede, but that he had no power
to stop them.
1861 INAUGURAL ADDRESS
March 4th, 1861
He said that secession would not be permitted
and vowed to hold federal property in the South
and enforce the laws of the United States.
At the same time, he pleaded with Southerners
for reconciliation.
SECESSION
Lincoln also addressed the legality of secession.
Countering the South’s argument of States’ Rights,
Lincoln reminded people of the primary goals of the
Constitution: “In order to form a more perfect Union”
Lincoln argued that even if the Constitution were to
be interpreted as a simple contract, it could only be
rescinded if ALL states agreed to that.
WAR CHANGES LINCOLN
As the Civil War dragged on, Lincoln changes his mind and
decides to end slavery. Ending slavery would discourage
Europeans who opposed slavery from assisting the
Confederacy and it would deprive the Confederacy of a large
part of their workforce.
On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation
Proclamation declaring that slaves in the Confederate
states are free.
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
Confederate states ignored the document.
For many in the North, the Emancipation
Proclamation changed the primary goal of the
war from simply preserving the Union to ending
slavery as well and living up to the Declaration of
Independence’s ideal that “all men are created
equal.”
GETTYSBURG ADDRESS
In November of 1863, Lincoln traveled to Pennsylvania to
speak at the dedication of a new burial ground for soldiers
lost in the Battle of Gettysburg. Although his speech was
merely ten sentences long and lasted just over 2 minutes, it
would become one of the most important political speeches in
American history.
His words echoed those in the Declaration of Independence
and reminded Americans what the men had died for: equality
and lasting democracy.
1865 INAUGURAL ADDRESS: A M E SS A G E O F R E C O N C I L I AT I O N
…let us strive on to bind up the
nation’s wounds
…but let us judge not, that we be not
judged
…to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphans…
ASSASSINATIONApril 14th, 1865: President Lincoln and his wife, Mary went to a play at Ford’s Theatre, located between the White House and the Capitol. They sat in the flag-covered president’s box with some other guests and the play was funny.Then there was a gun shot, a man climbed out of the president’s box, leaped on to the stage, said something in Latin, and was gone. A woman screamed and a voice cried out, “The president has been shot!”
ASSASSINATION
Abraham Lincoln died the next day in a small house across the street from the theatre, it was April 15th 1865
He was shot by John Wilkes Booth, a 26-year-old actor who was sure the South would cheer his act. They didn’t. Confederate General George Pickett said: “The South has lost her best friend and protector in this her direst hour of need.”
Booth was hunted and trapped in a Virginia tobacco barn. The barn was set on fire. When he wouldn’t come out, he was shot.