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Learning English with CBC

Edmonton

Monthly feature story:

Aboriginal success in the oil

sands

December 2012 Lesson plans created by Justine Light

http://www.cbc.ca/edmonton/learning‐english/ www.alberta.ca


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Feature Story Objectives

Aboriginal success in the oil sands

CLB competency outcomes Listening: Reading: Speaking: Writing:

L: Identify factual details and some implied meanings in extended narration R: Demonstrate comprehension of a two or three page moderately complex extended description, report, or narrative on a familiar topic S: (Global Descriptor) Pronunciation errors rarely impede communication. W: Demonstrate good control over common sentence patterns, and spelling and mechanics.

Language skills Vocabulary: Use vocabulary words in context

Grammar: Understand and use contractions

Pronunciation: Identify and use thought groups

Language Activities (in order of appearance in materials)

Answering comprehension questions and discussion questions about a short background text on procrastination Completing pre‐listening activities to build vocabulary and prepare learners for audio Listening to the audio to identify facts and details Listening to audio to develop listening transfer skills Identifying thought groups in audio transcript Identifying meanings of subject verb agreement Completing pre‐ reading vocabulary activity Identifying the main idea Identifying details in a reading activity Identifying main and supporting ideas in writing


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Introduction

Background Reading:

Oil sands: Oil sands are a natural mixture of sand, water, clay and bitumen.

Bitumen: Bitumen is oil that is too heavy or thick to flow or be pumped without being diluted or heated. Some bitumen is found within 200 feet from the surface but the majority is deeper underground.

Location

Canada’s oil sands are found in three deposits – the Athabasca, Peace River and Cold Lake

deposits in Alberta and Saskatchewan. The oil sands are at the surface near Fort McMurray

but deeper underground in the other areas.

Excerpt from: The facts on the oil sands by Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers ‐ http://www.capp.ca/getdoc.aspx?DocId=191939&DT=NTV Reproduced with permission.

Food for thought

What have you heard about the oil sands in the media? Had you heard about the oil sands

before you came to Alberta?


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The Audio

In this audio, you will hear CBC journalist Tracy Johnson visiting a highly successful Aboriginal company doing business in the Alberta oil sands.

CBC file photo

Before you listen:

Have you ever visited Fort McMurray? What are your impressions of the town?

SPEAKER TITLE: ABORIGINAL SUCCESS IN THE OIL SANDS Rick In Alberta, the relationship between indigenous communities and the oil and gas industry is

complicated. Fort McKay is a community surrounded by the oil sands; it is also home to a number of very successful aboriginally owned and operated businesses. Tracy Johnson brings us the story of one of those businesses, the Bouchier group.


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Pre‐listening vocabulary

The words below are from the audio. The definitions are next to the words. Read the definitions then complete the sentences.

WORD DEFINITION

1. indigenous (adjective) having always lived in a place

2. reluctance (noun) not eager or showing doubt about doing something

3. sprawling (adjective) spread or developed in an uncontrolled way

4. indistinguishable (adjective) impossible to see or hear as different or separate

5. rustic (adjective) related to the country, often refers to something basic and

unsophisticated

6. peak (noun) the highest level of activity

7. pitch for (verb) to bid for a contract

8. leg up (noun phrase) to give someone help or support when starting a business or

project

9. buckled down (verb phrase) to ignore distractions and make maximum effort in work,

studying or training

10. transplants (noun) people who are living or working away from their original home

11. pour smth into (verb) to supply a great deal of something – such as money

12. featuring (gerund) showing or portraying

13. trace (verb) to find evidence by going back over things

14. reclamation (noun) activity to make land useable for building or farming


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Use the vocabulary words above to complete the following sentences.

(Answers can be found in the appendix.)

1. Every summer we stay at the family cabin; it is ______________________ but very

peaceful.

2. I did not get a good mark on my mid‐term exam so I know I have to

______________________ and study for my finals.

3. Someone called my phone at 2 a.m. but I couldn’t ______________________ the call

because I don't have caller ID

4. I have ______________________ all my money into this car so I hope it doesn't have

any mechanical problems.

5. When I flew over Calgary I was surprised by the ______________________ suburbs I

could see from above.

6. When I started my home business, my parents gave me a ______________________

by buying me a computer and printer.

7. I had some ______________________ about eating the food because I could see the

kitchen was filthy.

8. The company made a ______________________ the contract to clean the snow in the

town but lost out to a competitor.

9. These plants are not ______________________ to the area and can take over the

whole garden if you don't try to get rid of them.

10. My fitness was at its ______________________ in the summer because I was outside

running five times a week.

11. There are thousands of ______________________ living and working in the oil sands.

12. I saw a documentary ______________________ Inuit from around the Arctic Circle.

13. These twins are almost ______________________ to me and I often mix up their

names.

14. The company is doing a ______________________ project to clean up the land.


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Listening for meaning

Read and answer the following questions.

1. How many employees does the Bouchier group have?

2. What are their revenues?

3. What was the company’s first piece of equipment?

4. Explain one reason given for the Bouchier group’s success.

5. Give two examples of the work contracts that the group currently has done.

6. How did the company improve on their first year’s losses?

7. What percentage of the Bouchier group’s employees are aboriginal?

8. Give two examples of the company’s community involvement in the local area.

9. Describe in your own words what motivates Nicole Bouchier.

(Answers can be found in the appendix.)


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Listening strategies – Who said what?

Listen to the podcast again

The goal of the listening strategies section of the monthly feature lesson is to help you to improve your listening skills for all listening situations– not just this audio.

Can you keep track of who said what? What did journalist, Tracy Johnson say, and what did business owner, Nicole Bouchier, say? Put a check mark in the column for what Tracy said, in the column for what Nicole said, and in both columns for what they both said.

Comment Tracy Johnson –

Journalist Nicole Bouchier – Business owner

Nicole Bouchier is a successful business owner like any other

In 1997, the company started in a small scale way.

The company’s success results from the wide range of work the company bids on.

The company got a leg‐up from a government policy requiring oil companies to give contracts to Aboriginal companies.

The company lost $250,000 in its first year.

The company started with three people in the office.

The reaction to the oil sands ads featuring the Bouchiers was not all positive.

In this part of Alberta, the oil sands companies are thought to be neighbours.

The aboriginal population is the fastest growing in Canada.

The number of Aboriginal businesses has doubled in recent years in Northern Alberta.


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Building Speaking Skills: Linking sounds Vowels and consonants

Read the excerpt from the transcript below.

Pay attention to how the sounds with the arrows ( ) link together.

Rick In Alberta, the relationship between indigenous communities and the oil and gas industry is complicated. Fort McKay is a community surrounded by the oil sands; it is also home to a number of very successful aboriginally owned and operated businesses. Tracy Johnson brings us the story of one of those businesses, the Bouchier group.

0:00

When one word ends with a consonant and the next word starts with a vowel, or ends with a vowel and starts with a consonant, the sounds link together and often sound like one word.

For example:

“between indigenous” sounds like “betwee nin digenous”

“number of” sounds like “num berrof”

Linking can make it more difficult to understand what people are saying, but by using it in your own speech, you can sound smoother.

Now look at another passage from the audio. Mark the vowels and consonants that link together by drawing an arrow, just like passage above. (answers can be found in the appendix)

Tracy One of the reasons the Bouchier group is a success is that it's been willing to pitch for just about any kind of work in the Oil sands. It builds roads and does reclamation work but it also cleans toilets and offers security. Bouchier was given a leg up from the benefit sharing agreements that require Oil sands heavyweights like Canadian Natural Resources to contract work to aboriginal companies. But that's just a starting point. You still need to run the company properly

Practice saying the passage at the same time as Tracy and Nicole. Try to sound exactly like them. Pay attention to linking vowels and consonants. You can practice as many times as you want!


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Grammar Activity – Subject verb agreement Basic rules to remember when making subject‐verb agreement in the simple present

he

she

If the verb’s subject is it use the ‘s’ form (third person singular)

one

If the subject is a singular noun like, child use ‘s’ form

If the subject is a singular indefinite pronoun, like everybody, use ‘s’ form

Be careful though – the subject and verb can be separated with words in between them:

Those children in the playground need supervision.

PLURAL NO ‘S’

High levels of mercury in tuna are dangerous for pregnant women.

PLURAL – the levels are the subject

The regulation of pollution levels is a positive step.

SINGULAR – the regulation is the subject – third person singluar form = IS

Also when the subject follows the verb, in the case of there is and there are, the verb agrees with that following subject:

There are a lot of children in the playground today.


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Grammar Activity – Subject verb agreement – continued.

Here are some examples from the audio:

The relationship between indigenous communities and the oil and gas industry is

complicated.

It has nearly 500 employees.

Revenues are in the tens of millions of dollars.

One of the reasons the Bouchier Group is a success is that it's been willing to pitch for

just about any kind of work in the oil sands.

But everyone is talking about Fort McKay's Treaty Days celebration.

She has four kids of her own.

The number of aboriginal businesses has doubled in recent years. Underline the subject and verb in each sentence.

Can you explain the reason for the agreement?

Answers in the appendix.


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Reading Activity

Pre‐reading vocabulary

The following vocabulary activity will help you to understand the reading below.

Match each word to its correct definition.

The first one is done for you. (Answers can be found in the appendix.)

1. emission B A. to be the reason for something

2. global B. something (like energy or gas) given off from a source)

3. greenhouse gas C. oil in its natural state before it is refined

4. account for D. equal to or the same as

5. sector E. relating to the whole world

6. equivalent F. to think of one person/thing when you are thinking of another person/thing

7. combustion G. area of the economy

8. crude H. A gas that adds to global warming by absorbing infrared radiation, e.g. carbon dioxide

9. intensive I. to get control of something and not let it go

10. associated J. burning fuel to power vehicle engines

11. jurisdiction K. extreme or strong

12. mandatory L. geographic area with one government

13. investing M. required by rule or law

14. capture N. ability to be done or achieved

15. demonstrate O. to spend money to improve something

16. viability P. show clearly to other people how to do something


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Reading Activity: The Facts in oil sands – Canada’s oil sands industry continues to reduce greenhouse gas emissions intensity


14


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Excerpt from: The facts on the oil sands by Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers ‐ http://www.capp.ca/getdoc.aspx?DocId=191939&DT=NTV

Reproduced with permission.


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Reading for meaning

Now read the text more carefully and decide if the following statements are true or false based on the

information in the text.

Check the column that is correct.

Statement True False

Canada produces 2% of the world’s greenhouse gas (GHG)

emissions.

Oil Sands make up 6.9% of Canada’s GHG emissions.

In 2010, oil sands GHG emissions were 58 megatonnes.

Carbon dioxide is not a GHG.

Oil sands crude produces much higher levels of GHG than

other heavy oils.

Since 1990, GHG emissions from oil sands oil have been

increasing.

The Government of Alberta has implemented regulations

requiring all industries to reduce GHG emissions.

The provincial government alone has invested $3 billion in

carbon capture technology.

(Answers can be found in the appendix )


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Reading Strategies

Reading information from charts, graphs & statistics

Charts, graphs & statistics present information and are an essential kind of reading for

working and living in Alberta. Reading and interpreting the information in charts, graphs &

statistics can help you better understand what the facts mean.

Steps in reading charts, graphs & statistics:

1. Read the title and source of the facts

Ask yourself, “Does this fact seem to make sense?”

2. Read all of the labels on a chart or graph.

3. Look for a key/legend to explain what different colours or shading on the graph

might mean.

4. Analyze what the relationships are between different lines or columns

Answer the following questions about the charts, graphs & statistics in the text.

1. Which organization produced this document? What is the title of the document?

2. Which sector in Canada in 2012 created the highest GHG emissions?

3. Of the seven sectors reported in the Environment Canada 2012 statistics, where did the oil sands rank as an emitter of GHG?

4. In 2010, the oil sands emissions were equivalent to 3.5% which U.S. energy sector?

5. Which source of crude oil produces the highest levels of carbon dioxide emissions during the production and refining?

6. Which source of crude oil produces the lowest levels of carbon dioxide emissions during the production and refining?


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Writing Activity ‐ Guided note taking

Look at the reading text above. Often when you are doing research in college or university, you will need to take notes from a written text. It is important not to copy the text word for word.

Use the table below to guide your note taking from the Greenhouse gas emissions text.

Proportion of Canada’s GHG emissions on a global scale

Proportion of oil sands’ GHG emissions on a global scale

How carbon dioxide is released into atmosphere

Comparing Oil Sands to US power generation

Definition Wells to wheels

Comparing emissions by crude producers

Reductions in GHG emissions in Oil Sands


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Links

Links to the community

For more information about the Bouchier group:

http://www.thebouchiergroup.com/

For more information about the oil sands from the Canadian Association of Petroleum

Producers:

http://www.capp.ca/Pages/default.aspx

For more information about the oil sands from the Government of Alberta:

http://oil sands.alberta.ca/

For information about opposition to the oil sands:

http://www.greenpeace.org/canada/en/campaigns/Energy/tarsands/

Links for language learning

This website has a large number of listening activities that come with listening

comprehension quizzes. This resource is free. Before each listening, information is provided

about the length, topic, and level, so teachers and learners can choose appropriate listening

activities to meet their needs. www.esl‐lab.com

This Dutch website is all in English and is for teachers and students who are learning English.

There are good resources for independent learners at higher levels, including daily lessons,

quizzes, exercises etc. The site also has quick reference materials for grammar.

www.englisch‐hilfen.de/en


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Appendix ‐ Answer Keys

Pre‐listening vocabulary

1. Every summer we stay at the family cabin; it is rustic but very peaceful.

2. I did not get a good mark on my mid‐term exam so I know I have to buckle down and

study for my finals.

3. Someone called my phone at 2 a.m. but I couldn’t trace the call because I don't have

caller ID

4. I have invested all my money into this car so I hope it doesn't have any mechanical

problems.

5. When I flew over Calgary I was surprised by the sprawling suburbs I could see from

above.

6. When I started my home business, my parents gave me a leg up by buying me a

computer and printer.

7. I had some reluctance about eating the food because I could see the kitchen was filthy.

8. The company made a pitch for the contract to clean the snow in the town but lost out

to a competitor.

9. These plants are not indigenous to the area and can take over the whole garden if you

don't try to get rid of them.

10. My fitness was at its peak in the summer because I was outside running five times a

week.

11. There are thousands of transplants living and working in the oil sands.

12. I saw a documentary featuring Inuit from around the Arctic Circle.

13. These twins are almost indistinguishable to me and I often mix up their names.

14. The company is doing a reclamation project to clean up the land.

Listening for meaning

1. How many employees does the Bouchier group have?

Nearly 500

2. What are their revenues?

Tens of millions $$


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3. What was the company’s first piece of equipment?

A snowplough/bulldozer

4. Explain one reason given for the Bouchier group’s success.

They are willing to bid on every contract available

5. Give two examples of the work contracts that the group currently has.

security/clean toilets/build roads/reclamation work

6. How did the company improve on their first year’s losses?

Controlled everything such as purchases, very closely

7. What percentage of the Bouchier group’s employees are aboriginal?

65%

8. Give two examples of the company’s community involvement in the local area.

Sponsor hockey teams/ buy Zambonis

9. Describe in your own words what motivates Nicole Bouchier.

She enjoys running a business/ to inspire her children/ give her children a future and be a

role model

Listening strategies – Who said what?

Comment Tracy Johnson – Journalist

Nicole Bouchier – business owner

Nicole Bouchier is a successful business owner like any other

✔ ✔

In 1997, the company started in a small scale way.

✔

The company’s success results from the wide range of work the company will bid on.

✔

The company got a leg‐up from a government policy requiring oil companies to give contracts to Aboriginal companies.

✔

The company lost $250,000 in its first ✔


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year.

The company started with three people in the office.

✔

The reaction to the oil sands ads featuring the Bouchiers was not all positive.

✔

In this part of Alberta, the oil sands companies are neighbours.

✔

The aboriginal population is the fastest growing in Canada.

✔

Aboriginal businesses have doubled in recent years.

✔

Building Speaking Skills: Linking sounds Vowels and consonants

TRACY One of the reasons the Bouchier group is a success is that it's been willing to

pitch for just about any kind of work in the Oil sands. It builds roads and does

reclamation work but it also cleans toilets and offers security. Bouchier was given

a leg up from the benefit sharing agreements that require Oil sands heavyweights

like Canadian Natural Resources to contract work to aboriginal companies.

But that's just a starting point. You still need to run the company properly

Grammar Activity – Subject verb agreement The relationship between indigenous communities and the oil and gas industry is

complicated.

Relationship is the subject not communities and industry

It has nearly 500 employees.

If the verb’s subject is it use the ‘s’ form


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Revenues are in the tens of millions of dollars.

Revenues = subject and it is a plural noun

One of the reasons the Bouchier Group is a success is that it's been willing to pitch for

just about any kind of work in the oil sands.

One is the subject – singular noun

Everyone is talking about Fort McKay's Treaty Days celebration.

If the subject is a singular indefinite pronoun, like everybody, use ‘s’ form

She has four kids of her own.

If the verb’s subject is she use the ‘s’ form

The number of aboriginal business has doubled in recent years. Number is the subject not businesses.


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Reading Activity

Pre‐reading vocabulary

1. emission B A. to be the reason for something

2. global E B. something (like energy or gas) given off from a source)

3. greenhouse gas H C. oil in its natural state before it is refined

4. account for A D. equal to or the same as

5. sector G E. relating to the whole world

6. equivalent D F. the work you do to keep something in good condition

7. combustion J G. area of the economy

8. crude C H. A gas that adds to the greenhouse effect/global warming by absorbing infrared radiation, e.g. carbon dioxide

9. intensive K I. to get control of something and not let it go

10. associated F J. burning fuel to power vehicle engines

11. jurisdiction L K. extreme or strong

12. mandatory M L. geographic area with one government

13. investing O M. required by rule or law

14. capture I N. ability to be done or achieved

15. demonstrate P O. to spend money to improve something

16. viability N P. show clearly to other people


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Reading for meaning

Statement True False

Canada produces 2% of the world’s greenhouse gas (GHG)

emissions.

✔

Oil Sands make up 6.9% of Canada’s GHG emissions. ✔

In 2010, oil sands GHG emissions were 58 megatonnes. ✔

Carbon dioxide is not a GHG. ✔

Oil sands crude produces much higher levels of GHG than

other heavy oils.

✔

Since 1990, GHG emissions from oil sands oil have been

increasing.

✔

The Government of Alberta has implemented regulations

requiring all industries to reduce GHG emissions.

✔

The provincial government alone has invested $3 billion in

carbon capture technology.

✔

Reading Strategies

Reading information from charts, graphs & statistics

1. Which organization produced this document? What is the title of the document? 2. Which sector in Canada in 2012 created the highest GHG emissions?

Other energy ‐ stationary 3. Of the seven sectors reported in the Environment Canada 2012 statistics, where did

the oil sands rank as an emitter of GHG? The oil sands ranked sixth as a GHG emitter.

4. In 2010, the oil sands emissions were equivalent to 3.5 % of which U.S. energy sector? The coal fired power generation sector

5. Which source of crude oil produces the highest levels of carbon dioxide emissions during the production and refining? California thermal


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6. Which source of crude oil produces the lowest levels of carbon dioxide emissions during the production and refining? Saudi Arabia

Writing activity Proportion of Canada’s GHG emissions on a global scale

Canada = 2% global GHG emissions

Proportion of oil sands’ GHG emissions on a global scale

Oil sands = 0.16% global GHG emissions

How Carbon dioxide is released into atmosphere

burning fossil fuels – for:

transport

heat

electricity

Comparing Oil Sands to US power generation Oil Sands makes only 3.5% of GHG emissions made by US coal power generators

Definition Wells to wheels Wells = start of oil production

Wheels = burning the oil

definition is the whole life cycle of crude oil

Comparing emissions by crude producers California thermal = highest W2W

Oil Sands = 2nd highest

Saudi Arabia = lowest

Reductions in GHG emissions in Oil Sands 1990 – 2010 rate of GHG in OS per barrel decreased by 26%

Regulations in 2007 to force a reduction in GHG

Plan is for carbon capture and storage in future


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Appendix – Transcript

SPEAKER TITLE: ABORIGINAL SUCCESS IN THE OIL SANDS 0:00 Rick In Alberta, the relationship between indigenous communities and the oil and gas industry is

complicated. Fort McKay is a community surrounded by the oil sands; it is also home to a number of very successful aboriginally owned and operated businesses. Tracy Johnson brings us the story of one of those businesses, the Bouchier group.

0:22 Tracy Nicole Bouchier is on the phone, and she’s kicking butt! 0:25 Nicole ..So you could imagine my reluctance of having these people sub‐contracted to me right

now… 0:31 Tracy Bouchier is in her office, in a sprawling series of spruced up portables on the Ft McKay

First Nation. On the walls are business awards and pictures of her kids playing hockey. Beside her desk is a designer purse. Bouchier's location might be a bit rustic but she is otherwise indistinguishable from any other chief executive in the province.

0:49 Nicole …The sooner we could replace them with our own personnel the better, is my feeling, plus I think we could bring a level of quality, service and technology that they don't have...

0:58 Tracy By any measure the Bouchier Group is a success. It has nearly 500 employees at the peak of the winter drilling season, and revenues are in the tens of millions of dollars. But the company started small, with just one snowplough.

1:09 Nicole So in 1997, my husband David started it, and he acquired one dozer and worked around the community. And then in 2004, we seen the growth in the area, so we decided to leave our full‐time jobs.

1:23 Tracy One of the reasons the Bouchier Group is a success is that it's been willing to pitch for just about any kind of work in the oil sands. It builds roads and does reclamation work but it also cleans toilets and offers security. Bouchier was given a leg up from the benefit sharing agreements that require oil sands heavyweights like Canadian Natural Resources to contract work to aboriginal companies. But that's just a starting point. You still need to run the company properly.

1:49 Nicole The first year we started, we actually lost $250,000. To new business owners that's huge, right? We sat back and thought, you know what are we going to do, I mean we might as well go back and get our jobs back. So we figured we’ll give ourselves six months and if we can’t pull out of it in six months, we’ll pack it in. And I mean we buckled down, and watched every pen we bought, every purchase order that went out the door, you know? Just everything. Everything we had to keep a close eye on everything, and within three months we were back in the black.

2:24 Tracy Lucky for the staff gathered at this meeting today. 2:29 Nicole It's hard to believe that what has started with maybe three people in the office has grown to

this (And it’s all women...) And all women, isn’t that great? 2:40 Holly About 65% of Bouchiers’ employees are aboriginal. The rest are a mix of Fort Mac locals and

transplants from other parts of the country. But everyone is talking about Fort McKay's Treaty Days celebration, which begin today and whether or not they should put forward a


28

team for the corporate tug of war, which is a literal corporate tug of war. 3:01 Nicole It’s only four and if you honestly like there’ some heavy hitters on his team. He is like almost

seven feet tall, yay big. His wife is a member of the Fort McKay first nation and they always win.

3:12 Tracy Bouchier and her company are a big part of the community in Fort McKay. They sponsor hockey teams and buy Zambonis and otherwise pour money into the two Forts: McKay and McMurray. It’s success that has been noticed in commercials like this featuring Nicole Bouchier and her husband David.

3:27 Commercial audio (David)

This is one of our tractor‐trailers, that’s how we move our heavy equipment up to the job sites. We work with the oil sands…

3:33 Tracy This commercial was produced by the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers. The lobby group asked Nicole and her husband to take part ‐ which they happily did.

3:41 Commercial audio (Nicole)

Being aboriginal in this region and developing a business is so important, we're seen as role models…

3:48 Tracy But not everyone is celebrating their success. The reaction to the commercial was not entirely positive. Bouchier received threatening phone calls that she was not able to trace. It's a reminder that there's very real opposition to the oil sands among some first nations in the Athabasca region. And, real concerns about the health effects of oil sands development Bouchier says she understands the concern, but is doing what she’s good at, and that’s running a business.

4:15 Nicole Because we're so close, and we live in Fort McKay, you definitely see the energy companies that are close to the community as neighbours, you really, really do and I don't think a lot of people understand that until you live there and you’re part of the community. You know this is all traditional lands for them so anything that the oil sands companies are doing around the communities is very much felt like a neighbor to the community.

4:40 Tracy At the end of the day Bouchier drives home to Fort McMurray where she lives on a street lined with trees and hockey nets in equal measure. She has four children of her own, and is also helping to raise her niece and nephew. So this is the standard dinner rush that’s happening across the province. Bouchier has high expectations for all the children in her family.

5:03 Nicole I don't think that it should be a big news story that two aboriginal business owners have done this good, and I think that’s on every level I think. You hear oh aboriginal lawyer you know that should just be common because the aboriginal population is the fastest growing in Canada and you’re going to see more and more. And one of the reasons why I'm doing this is so that I could make that possible for my children and give them a future to think that yeah you’re very capable of doing this, and that shouldn't be a second thought in their mind.

5:32 Tracy In Northern Alberta, at least, Bouchier's dream is gradually becoming a reality. The number of aboriginal businesses in this part of the province has doubled in recent years. So that corporate tug of war that we were talking about earlier, well it’s just beginning. For CBC Radio, I'm Tracy Johnson in Fort McKay.

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