abbreviations and acronyms - springer978-3-642-35392-5/1.pdf · abbreviations and acronyms 3des...

Abbreviations and Acronyms

3DES Triple-DES3G 3rd Generation4G 4th GenerationA2DO Advanced Audio Distribution ProfileAAL ATM Adaption LayerACK AcknowledgementACM Association for Computing MachineryACL Asynchronous Connectionless LinkACOR Admission Control enabled On demand RoutingACR Attenuation Crosstalk RatioADM Add Drop MultiplexerADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber LineADU Atomic Data UnitAH Authentication HeaderAID Association IdentifierAIFS Arbitration Interframe SpaceAJAX Asynchronous JavaScript and XMLAM Amplitude ModulationAMA Active Member AddressANSI American National Standards InstituteAODV Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector RoutingAP Access PointAPI Application Programming InterfaceAPP Atom Publishing ProtocolARA Ant-based Routing AlgorithmARP Address Resolution ProtocolARPA Advanced Research Project AgencyARQ Automatic Repeat RequestAS Autonomes SystemAS Authentication Server

849C. Meinel and H. Sack, Internetworking, X.media.publishing,DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-35392-5, � Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013

850 Abbreviations and Acronyms

ASCII American Standard Code for Information InterchangeASK Amplitude Shift KeyingASM Analog Modulation SpectrumASO Address Supporting OrganizationATIM Announcement Traffic Indicator MessageATM Asynchronous Transfer ModeAuC Authentification CenterAVRCP Audio Video Remote Control ProfileAWDS Ad hoc Wireless Distribution ServiceB3G Beyond 3GBAN Body Area NetworkBASK Binary Amplitude Shift KeyingBCD Binary Coded DigitsBDSG BundesdatenschutzgesetzBECN Backward Explicit Congestion NotificationBGP Border Gateway ProtocolBID Burned-In AddressesBIND Berkeley Internet Name DomainBIP Basic Imaging ProfileB-ISDN Broadband Integrated Service Digital NetworkBit Binary Digitbit Basic Indissoluble Information UnitBITS Bump in the StackBITW Bump in the WireBNC Bayonet Neill ConcelmanBNEP Bluetooth Network Encapsulation ProtocolBPP Basic Printing Profilebps Bits per SecondBPSK Binary Phase Shift KeyingBS Basis StationBSC Bit Synchronous CommunicationBSC Base Station ControllerBSR Backup Source RoutingBSS Basic Service SetBSS Base Station SubsystemBSSID Basic Service Set IDentifierb/w Black and WhiteBWA Broadband WIreless AccessBT Burst ToleranceBTS Base Transceiver StationBUS Broadcast and Unknown ServerBZT Bundesamt fur Zulassungen in der TelekommunikationCA Certification AuthorityCAC Connection Admission ControlCAP Carrierless Amplitude Phase

Abbreviations and Acronyms 851

CAPI Common Application InterfaceCBR Constant Bit RateCC Carbon CopyCC Creative CommonsCCIR Comite Consultatif International des RadiocommunicationsCCITT Comite Consultatif International de Telegraphique et TelefoniqueCCK Complementary Code KeyingccNSO country-code Name Supporting OrganizationccTLD country-code Top-Level DomainCD Compact DiscCD-DA Compact Disc Digital AudioCDDI Copper Distributed Data InterfaceCDIR Classless InterDomain RoutingCDMA Code Division Multiple AccessCDP Conditional DePhase EncodingCD-ROM Compact Disc Read Only MemoryCDTR Cell Delay Variation ToleranceCDV Cell Delay VariationCER Cell Error RateCERN Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche NucleaireCERT Computer Emergency Response TeamCF Contention FreeCFP Contention Free PeriodCG Cyclic GroupCGA Cryptographically Generated AddressesCGSR Clusterhead Gateway Switch Routing ProtocolCH Cyclic HeaderCHAMP CacHing And MultiPath routingCHDLC Cisco High-Level Data Link ProtocolCHAP Cryptographic Handshake Authentication ProtocolCID Channel IDentifierCIP Common ISDN Access ProfileCIR Commited Information RateCLLN Consolidated Link Layer ManagementCLP Cell Loss PriorityCLR Cell Loss RatioCMR Cell Miisinsertion RatioCN Core NetworkCOFDM Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division MultiplexCP Contention PeriodCPU Central Processing UnitCR Carriage ReturnCRC Cyclic Redundancy CheckCRMA Cyclic Reservation Multiple AccessCRP Cable Replacement Protocol


CS Convergence SublayerCS Carrier SenseCSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision DetectCSNet Computer Science NetworkCSS Chirp Spread SpectrumCTD Cell Transfer DelayCTP Cordless Telephony ProfileCTS Clear to SendCW Contention WindowDA Destination AddressDAB Digital Audio BroadcastingDAC Dual Attached ComponentDAP Directory Access ProtocolDARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDAS Dual Attached StationDASL DAV Search and Locatedb decibelDBF Distributed Bellman-Ford Routing ProtocolDBPSK Differential Binary Phase Shift KeyingDCC Digital Compac CassetteDCCP Datagram Congestion Control ProtocolDCE Data Communication EquipmentDCF Decentralized Coordination FunctionDCT Discrete Cosine TransformDDCMP Digital Data Communications Message ProtocolDDoS Distributed Denial-of-ServiceDECT Digital Enhanced Cordless TelecommunicationsDE-NIC Deutscher Network Information CenterDES Data Encryption StandardDFN Deutsches ForschungsnetzwerkDFR Direction Forward RoutingDFT Discrete Fourier TransformDHCP Dynamic Host Configuration ProtocolDHT Distributed Hash TableDIFS Distributed Coordination Function Interframe SpaceDIGI e.V. Deutsche Interessengemeinschaft Internet e.V.DIN Deutsche Industrie NormDLCI Data Link Connection IdentifierDLL Data Link LayerDMT Discrete MultitoneDNS Domain Name ServiceDNSO Domain Name Support OrganizationDoD Department of DefenseDOI Digital Object IdentifierDoS Denial of Service


DPAM Demand Priority Access MethodDPG Dedicated Packet Groupdpi dots per inchDPSK Differential Phase Shift KeyingDQDB Distributed Queue Dual BusDQPSK Differential Quadrature Phase Shift KeyingDPSK Differential Phase Shift KeyingDRM Digital Rights ManagementDS Distribution SystemDSAP Destination Service Access PointDSDV Destination Sequence Distance Vector RoutingDSL Digital Subscriber LineDSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access MultiplexerDSMX Digitaler SignalmultiplexerDSR Dynamic Source RoutingDS Delegation SignerDSS1 Digital Signalling System No. 1DSSS Direct Sequence Spread SpectrumDTE Data Terminal EquipmentDTIM Delivery Traffic Indicator MessageDTLS Datagram Transport Layer SecurityDTR Dedicated Token RingDTS Decode Time StampDTX Discontinouse TransmissionDUA Directory User AgentDUAL Diffusing Update AlgorithmDUE DatenubertragungseinrichtungDUN Dial-up Networking ProfileDVB Digital Video BroadcastingDVB-C Digital Video Broadcast - CableDVD Digital Versatile DiskDVMRP Distance Vector Multicast Routing ProtocolDXC Digital Cross ConnectDYMO DYnamic Manet On-demand RoutingEAP Extensible Authentication ProtocolEAPOL EAP Over LANEARN European Academit Research NetworkeBGP exterior Border Gateway Routing ProtocolECN Explicit Congestion NotificationECRIM European Research Consortium for Informatics and MathematicsED End DelimiterEDCF Enhanced Distribution Coordination FunctionEDGE Enhanced Data Rate for GPRS ExecutionEEPROM Electronic Erasable Programmable Read Only MemoryEFF Electronic Frontier Foundation


EGP Exterior Gateway ProtocolEHF Extreme High FrequencyEIA Electronic Industry AssociationEIFS Extended Interframe SpaceEIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing ProtocolEIR Excess Information RateEIR Equipment Identification RegistryEOB End of BlockEOF End of FileEOT End of TextErWiN Erweiterte WissenschaftsnetzESD End-of-Stream DelimiterESDP Extended Service Discovery ProfileESMTP Extended Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolESP Encapsulating Secure PayloadESS Extended Service SetET Exchange TerminationETSI European Telecommunication Standards InstituteEUI Extended Unique IdentifierEUNet European Unix NetworkEUUG European UNIX Users GroupFAST Flexible Authentication via Secure TunnelingFAXP FAX ProfileFCC Federal Communications CommissionFCS Frame Check SequenceFDC Final Comitee DraftFDD Frequency Division DuplexFDDI Fiber Distributed Data InterfaceFDMA Frequency Division Multiple AccessFEC Forward Error CheckFECN Forward Explicit Congestion NotificationFFD Full Function DevicesFHSS Frequency Hopping Spread SpectrumFIFO First In First OutFLV Flash VideoFM Frequency Modulationfps Frames per SecondFS Frame StatusFSK Frequency Shift KeyingFSN Full Service NetworkFTP File Transfer ProtocolFTP Foiled Twisted PairGAC Governmental Advisory CommitteeGAN Global Area NetworkGAP Generic Access Profile


GAVDP Generic AV Distribution ProfileGFC General Flow ControlGFR Guaranteed Frame RateGFSK Gaussian Frequency Shift KeyingGFX Graphical Framework ExtensionGIF Graphic Interchange FormatGMK Group Master KeyGMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift KeyingGNSO Generic Name Support OrganizationGNU GNU is Not UnixGNU-FDL GNU Free Document LicenseGNU-GPL GNU General Public LicenseGOEP Generic Object Exchange ProfileGRP General Registration ProtocolGPRS General Paket Radio ServiceGPS Global Positioning SystemGSM Global System for Mobile CommunicationGTC Generic Token CardGTK Group Temporary KeygTLD generic Top-Level DomainGTS Guaranteed Time SlotsHC Hybrid CoordinatorHCF Hybrid Coordination FunctionHCI Host Controller InterfaceHCRP Hardcopy Cable Replacement ProfileHDB High Density BipolarHDCL High Level Data Link ProtocolHDP Health Device ProfileHDSL High Bit Rate DSLHEC Header Error CheckHF High FrequencyHFP Hands Free ProfileHID Human Interface Device ProfileHiperLAN High Performance Radio Local Area NetworkHLR Home Location RegistryHOB Head of BusHPI Hasso Plattner InstituteHRPLS Hybrid Routing Protocol for Large Scale Mobile Ad Hoc

Networks with Mobile BackbonesHSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched DataHSLS Hazy Sighted Link State Routing ProtocolHSTR High Speed Token RingHSP Headset ProfileHSR Hierarchical State Routing ProtocolHTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol


HTTPS HTTP over Secure Socket LayerHWMP Hybrid Wireless Mesh ProtocolHz HertzIAB Internet Architectural BoardIAC Inquiry Access CodeIANA Internet Assigned Number AuthorityIAPP Inter Access Point ProtocolIBSS Independent Basic Service SetiBGP interior Border Gateway Routing ProtocolIC Integrated CircuitICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and NumbersICCB Internet Control and Configuration BoardICCC International Conference on Computers CommunicationsICMP Internet Control Message ProtocolICR Initial Cell RateICT Information and Communication TechnologyICV Integrity Check ValueIEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersIESG Internet Engineering Steering GroupIETF Internet Engineering Task ForceIFS Interframe SpaceIGMP Internet Group Management ProtocolIGP Interior Gateway ProtocolIGRP Interior Gateway Routing ProtocolIHL Internet Header LengthIKE Internet Key ExchangeIMAP Internet Message Access ProtocolIMP Internet Message ProcessorINTP Intercom ProfileIP Internet ProtocolIPnG Internet Protocol – (The) Next GenerationIPsec Internet Protocol SecurityIP v6 Internet Protocol version 6IPX Internetworking Packet ExchangeIR InfraredIrDA Infrared Data AssociationIRSG Internet Research Steering GroupIRTF Internet Research Task ForceISDN Integrated Service Digital NetworkIS-IS Intermediate System to Intermediate SystemISM Industriam, Scientific, and MedicalISO International Standards OrganisationISOC Internet SocietyISP Internet Service ProviderISUP ISDN User Part


ITP Industrial Twisted PairITU International Telecommunications UnionIV Initialization VectorIV-DENIC Interessenverbund DENICJDC Japanese Digital CellularJEITA Japan Electronic and Information Technology Industries AssociationKDC Key Distribution CenterKEA Key Exchange AlgorithmkHz KiloHertzKINK Kerberized Internet Negotiation of KeysL2CAP Logical Link Control and Adaption ProtocolLAI Location Area IdentificationLAN Local Area NetworkLANE LAN EmulationLAP Lower Address PartLAPB Link Access Procedure BalancedLAPD Link Access Procedure D-ChannelLAPF Link Access Protocol for Frame Mode Bearer ServiceLaser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of RadiationLC Late CounterLCA Linked Cluster ArchitectureLCF Low Cost FiberLCP Link Control ProtocolLDAP Lightweight Directory Access ProtocolLDIF Lightweight Directory Interface FormatLEAP Lightweight EAPLEC LAN Emulation ClientLED Light Emitting DiodeLECS LAN Emulation Configuration ServiceLEO Low Earth OrbitingLES LAN Emulation ServiceLF Line FeedLF Low FrequencyLIPS Lightweight Internet Person SchemaLLC Logical Link ControlLLDP Link Layer Discovery ProtocolLLTD Link Layer Topology DiscoveryLLU Link Local UseLMP Link Management ProtocolLSA Linke State Announcement/AdvertisementLSB Least Significant BitLSP Linke State PacketLT Line TerminationLTE Long Term EvolutionLUT Lookup Table


LZW Lev Zipf WelchMAC Medium Access ControlMACA Multiple Access Collision AvoidanceMAC PS MAC Privacy SublayerMAC CPS MAC Common Part SublayerMAN Metropolitan Area NetworkMAODDP Mobile Ad hoc On-Demand Data Delivery ProtocolMAODV Multirate Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing ProtocolMAP Manufacturing Automation ProtocolMAU Medium Attachment UnitMCM Multicarrier ModulationMCR Minimal Cell RateMD5 Message Digest Algorithm 5MEO Medium Earth OrbitMEPA Minimum Exposed Path to the AttackMExE Mobile Station Execution EnvironmentMF Medium FrequencyMHS Message Handling SystemMIB Management Information BaseMIC Message Integrity CodeMIDI Musical Instrument Digital InterfaceMIH Media Independent HandoverMIME Multimedia Internet Mail Extension FormatMMF Multimode FiberMMRP Mobile Mesh Routing ProtocolMNP Microcom Networking ProtocolMOSS MIME Object Security ServicesMOSPF Multicast Open Shortest Path FirstMS Mobile StationMSAU Multi Station Access UnitMSB Most Significant BitMSC Mobile Switching CenterMSC Mobile Service Switching CenterMSK Minimum-Shift KeyingMSTP Multiple Spanning Tree ProtocolMTA Message Transfer AgentMTP Message Transfer PartMTS Message Transfer SystemMTU Maximum Transmission UnitMUX MultiplexerNAPT Network Address Port TranslationNAPT-PT Network Address Port Translation – Protocol TranslationNAT Network Address TranslationNAT-PT Network Address Translation – Protocol TranslationNAV Network Allocation Vector


NCP Network Control ProgramNDB Non Directional BeaconNDP Neighbor Discovery ProtocolNE Node ElementNetBIOS Network Basic Input/Output SystemNEXT Near End CrosstalkNFC Near Field CommunicationNFS Network File SystemNIC Network Interface CardNIC Network Interface ControllerNID Namespace IdentifierNIS Network Information ServiceNIT Network Information TableNLPID Network Layer Protocol IDNMR Noise-to-Mask RatioNMS Network Management SystemNNI Network Network InterfaceNRZI Non Return to Zero InvertNSF National Science FoundationNSS Namespace Specific StringNSS Network and Switching SubsystemNT Network TerminationNVT Network Virtual TerminalOBEX Object ExchangeOC Optical CarrierODBC Open DataBase ConnectivityOFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division MultiplexOLSR Optimized Link State Routing ProtocolOMC Operation and Maintenance CenterONU Optical Network UnitOOK On-Off KeyingOORP Order One Routing ProtocolOPP Object Push ProfileOSI Open Systems InterconnectOSPF Open Shortest Path FirstOSS Operation SubsystemOUI Organisationally Unique IdentifierPA PreamblePAM Puls Amplitude ModulationPAN Personal Area NetworkPAP Password Authentication ProtocolPAP Port Aggregation ProtocolPAR Positive Acknowledgement with RetransmissionPARC Palo Alto Research CenterPAT Programm Association Table


PBAP Phonebook Access ProfilePBCC Packet Binary Convolutional CodingPBKDFv2 Password Based Key Derivation Function version 2PBNAC Port Based Network Access ControlPC Point CoordinatorPCF Point Coordination FunctionPCM Pulse Code ModulationPCR Peak Cell RatePD Powered DevicePDA Personal Data AssistantPDH Plesiochronous Digital HierarchyPDP Policy Decision PointPDU Protocol Data UnitPEAP Protected Extensible Authentication ProtocolPEP Protocol Extension ProtocolPEP Policy Enforcement PointPERL Practical Extraction and Report LanguagePES Packetized Elementary StreamPFM Pulse Frequency ModulationPFR Portable Font ResourcePHY Physical LayerPIFS Point Coordination Function Interframe SpacePIM Protocol Independent MulticastPIM Personal Information ManagementPIN Personal Identity NumberPING Packet Internet GopherPKI Public Key InfrastrukturPLIP Parallel Line Interface ProtocolPLP Packet Layer ProtocolPMA Parked Member AddressPMD Physical Medium DependentPMK Pairwise Master KeyPMT Program Map TablePMTU Path Maximum Transfer UnitPoE Power over EthernetPOTS Plain Old Telephone ServicePPM Puls Position ModulationPPP Point-to-Point ProtocolPRK Phase Reversal KeyingPRNG Pseudo Random Number GeneratorPS Power SavePSE Power Sourcing EquipmentPSK Phase Shift KeyingPSK Pre-Shared KeyPTI Payload Type Identifier


PTL Pairwise Temporary KeyPTS Presentation Time StampPUK PIN Unblocking KeyPVC Permanent Virtual CircuitPWM Pulse Width ModulationRJ Registered JackQAM Quadrature Amplitude ModulationQoS Quality of ServiceQPSK Quaternary Phase Shift KeyingRAI Remote Alarm IndicationRAM Random Access MemoryRAN Radio Access NetworkRARP Reverse Address Resolution ProtocolRC Rivest Cipher (Ron’s Code)RDF Resource Description FrameworkRDS Resolver Discovery ServiceRDT Real Data TransportRED Random Early DetectionRFC Reverse Path ForwardingRFCOMM Radio Frequency Communications ProtocolRFD Reduced Function DevicesRI Ring InRIAA Recording Industry Association of AmericaRIP Routing Information ProtocolRLE Run Length EncodingRLP Radio Link ProtocolRNS Robust Network SecurityRO Ring OutROM Read Only MemoryRSA Rivest, Shamir, Adleman encryptionRSH Remote ShellRSRP Robust Secure Routing ProtocolRSTP Rapid Spaning Tree ProtocolRSVP Resource Reservation ProtocolRTMP Real Time Messaging ProtocolRTS Request to SendRTSP Real Time Streaming ProtocolRVSA Remote Variant Selection AlgorithmRZ Return-to-ZeroSA Security AssociationSA Source AddressSAC Single Attached ComponentSACK Selective AcknowledgementSAD Security Association DatabaseSAP Session Announcement Protocol


SAP Subnetwork Access ProtocolSAP Service Access PointSAP SIM Access ProfileSAR Segmentation and ReassemblySAS Single Attached StationSBR Spectral Band ReplicationSCA Software Communication ArchitectureSCCP Signal Connection Control PartSCO Synchronous Connection-Oriented LinkSCR Sustained Cell RateSD Starting DelimiterSDAP Service Discovery Application ProfileSDH Synchronous Digital HierarchySDP Service Discovery ProtocolSDSL Symmetric DSLSECBR Severly-Errored Cell Block RatioSEND SEcure Neighbor DiscoverySFD Start-of-Frame DelimiterSFTP Secure File Transfer ProtocolS/FTP Screened Foiled Twisted PairSHF Super High FrequencySIFS Short Interframe SpaceSIM Subscriber Identity ModuleSIP Session Initiation ProtocolSLA Site Level AggregationSLIP Serial Line Interface ProtocolSLPP Simple Loop Prevention ProtocolSLRC Station Long Retry CountSLU Site Local UseSMB Server Message BlockSMDS Switched Multi-Megabit Metropolitan Data ServiceSMF Singlemode FiberSMI Structure of Management InformationSMP Standby Monitor PresenceSMR Signal-to-Mask RatioSMR Symbolic Music RepresentationSMS Short Message ServiceSMTP Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolSNA System Network ArchitectureSNAP SubNet Attachment PointSNDP Secure Neighbor Discovery ProtocolSNMP Simple Network Management ProtocolSNR Signal-to-Noise RatioSOHO Small Office Home OfficeSONET Synchronous Optical Network


SPAM Spiced HamSPD Secure Payload DatabaseS/PDIF Sony/Philips Digital Interconnect FormatSPI Security Parameter IndexSPI Server Programming InterfaceSPP Serial Port ProfileSRC Short Retry CountSS Subscriber StationSS7 Signalling System No. 7SSA Signal Stability Adaptive RoutingSSCS Service Specifiv Convergence SublayerSSD Start-of-Stream DelimiterSSH Secure ShellSSID Service Set IdentifierSSL Secure Socket LayerSSP Supplementary Special-purpose PlaneSSR Scalable Source RoutingSSRC Station Short Retry CountST Internet Stream Protocol (Stream Transport)STGO Start Tag OpensTLD sponsored Top-Level DomainsSTM Synchronous Transfer ModeSTP Shielded Twisted PairSTP Spanning Tree ProtocolSTS Station to Station ProtocolSTS Synchronous Transport SignalSVC Switched Virtual CircuitSW Short WaveSWS Silly WIndow SyndromeSYNC Synchronisation ProfileTA Terminal AdapterTAG Technical Advisory GroupTAGC Tag Close DelimiterTBRPF Topology Dissemination based on Reverse-Path Forwarding

Routing Protocol

TBTT Target Beacon Transmission TimeTCB Transmission Control BlockTCM Trellis Code ModulationTCP Transmission Control ProtocolTCS BIN Telephone Control Protocol Specification – BinaryTDAC Time Domain Aliasing CancellationTDD Time Division DuplexTDDSG TeledienstedatenschutzgesetzTDM Time Division MultiplexingTDMA Time Division Multiple AccessTE Terminal Equipment


TEI Transport Error IndicatorTHSS Time Hopping Spread SpectrumTHT Token Hold TimerTIA Telecommunication Industry AssociationTID Transaction IdentifierTK Temporary KeyTKG TelekommunikationsgesetzTKIP Temporal Key Integrity ProtocolTLD Top-Level DomainTLS Transport Layer SecurityTM Terminal MultiplexerTMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber IDentityTORA Temporally Ordered Routing AlgorithmTOS Type of ServiceTROLI Token Ring Optimized Link InterfaceTRT Token Rotation TimerTRT Transport Relay TranslationTSC Transport Scrambling ControlTSIG Transaction SignatureTTG Transmit/Receive Transition GapTTL Time To LiveTTLS Tunnelled Transport Layer SecurityTTP Timed Token ProtocolTTRT Target Token Rotation TimerTVC Transient Virtual ChannelTX TransmitTXOP Transmission OpportunityUBE Unsolicited Bulk EmailUCE Unsolicited Commercial EmailUDP User Datagram ProtocolUE User EquipmentUHF Ultra High FrequencyUMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication SystemUNI User Network InterfaceUSB Universal Serial BusUSIM UMTS Subscriber Identity ModuleuTLD unsponsored Top-Level DomainUTP Unshielded Twisted PairUTRA Universal Terrestrial AccessUTRAN Universal Terrestrial Access NetworkUV UltravioletUWB Ultra Wide BandVBLAN Virtually Bridged Local Area NetworkVBR Variable Bit RateVC Virtual Container


VC Virtual ChannelVC Virtual CircuitVCC Virtual Channel ConnectionVCI Virtual Channel IdentifierVDSL Very High Bit Rate DSLVLC Visual Light CommunicationVLF Very Low FrequencyVLR Visitor Location RegistryVoIP Voice over IPVP Virtual PathVPC Virtual Path ConnectionVPI Virtual Path IdentifierVPN Virtual Private NetworkWAN Wide Area NetworkWAR Wireless Access RevolutionWAR Witness Aided RoutingW3C World Wide Web ConsortiumW-CDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple AccessWD Working DraftWDS Wireless Distribution SystemWDMA Wavelength Division Multiple AccessWEP Wired Equivalence ProtocolWHAN Wireless Home Area NetworkWiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave AccessWiN WissenschaftsnetzwerkWLAN Wireless LANWLL Wireless Local LoopWPA Wi-Fi Protected AccessWPAN Wireless Personal Area NetworkWRAN Wireless Regional Area NetworkWRED Weighted Random Early DetectionWRP Wireless Routing ProtocolWUSB Wireless Universal Serial BusWWAN Wireless Wide Area NetworkWWW World Wide WebWYSIWYG What You See Is What You GetXID Transaction IdentifierXT CrosstalkZED ZigBee End DeviceZR ZigBee RouterZRP Zone Routing Protocol

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Index

1-persistent CSMA, 17110-Gigabit Ethernet, 195100BaseT, 187100VG-AnyLAN, 190100 Gbps Ethernet, 19610BROAD36, 19810Base2, 18410Base5, 18310BaseF, 18610BaseT, 18510GE, see 10-Gigabit Ethernet1:n communication, 3652X-Problem, see Two-crossing problem3-way handshake, 6123DES, see Triple-DES3rd Generation Partnership Project, 4384-QAM, 9240 Gbps Ethernet, 1964B/5B coding, 2164G, see Long Term Evolution5-4-3 rule, 2436in4, 5346to4, 5338-PSK, 437

Abramson, Norman, 166, 169, 260, 843Acceptance angle, 116Access circuit, see Medium accessAccess Control List, 286, 656Access network, 422, 448

wireless, 423Access point, 260Access Service Network, 420Accounting, 460Accounting management, 755Acknowledgement, 266ACL, see Access Control List

Active Mode, 279Active scanning, 278Ad Hoc Mode, 260Ad hoc network, 329Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing,

357, 375Ad hoc Wireless Distribution Service, 373Adaptive retransmission, 607, 627Address and Routing Parameter Area, 678Address binding, 585, 657Address renumbering, 526Address resolution, 491, 585, 657Address Resolution Protocol, 51, 493, 572,

585, 657, 758, 762Address Supporting Organization, 17Addressing, 35, 149

hierarchical, 338individual addressing, 151physical, 151

Adleman, Leonard M., 844Admission control, 471Admission Control enabled On-demand

Routing, 374Admission test, 794ADSL, see Asymmetric Digital Subscriber

Line, 429ADSL2+, 95Advanced Encryption Standard, 302, 421, 543Advanced Research Project Agency, 4AES-3, 86AES-CCMP, 302Agent discovery, 578AH, see IPsec Authentication HeaderAlien crosstalk, 196Allen, James van, 124, 842ALOHA, 169, 170ALOHA communication protocol, 168


880 Index

ALOHAnet, 164, 166, 260Alternate Mark Inversion, 85, 391Alto Aloha Network, 165ALTO computer, 164Always on, 148, 444AM, see Amplitude ModulationAmerican Standard Code for Information

Interchange, 734AMI, see Alternate Mark InversionAMI coding, 391Ampere, Andre Marie, 839Amplitude, 67, 71Amplitude Modulation, 87, 90, 425Amplitude Shift Keying, 90Analog modulation methods, 87Analog signal, 66Analog Spectrum Modulation, see Analog

modulation methodsAndreesen, Marc, 6, 847Angel hair, 116Anonymous FTP, 733Ant-based Routing Algorithm, 374Antheil, George, 107, 841Anycast, 152, 255, 518Anycast addresses, 524AODV, see Ad hoc On-demand Distance

Vector routingAPI, see Application Programming InterfaceAppleTalk, 39Application layer, 42, 46, 56Application Programming Interface, 56, 554,

603, 657, 668, 824Application-level gateway, 819Area Border router, 360Ariadne, 374ARP, see Address Resolution ProtocolARP caching, 495ARP spoofing, 495ARPA, see Advanced Research Project

Agency, 379ARPANET, 4, 25, 164, 379, 448, 672

Interface Message Processor, 379Terminal Interface Processor, 382

ARQ, see Automated Repeat RequestARQ procedure, 393, 426ASCII, see American Standard Code for

Information Interchange7-Bit, 7108-Bit, 710

ASK, see Amplitude Shift KeyingASM, see Analog modulation methodsASN.1, 764Assigned Numbers, 499Association, 280

Association Identity, 276Assured Forwarding, 478Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, 95Asynchronous communication, 706Asynchronous data traffic, 220Asynchronous Transfer Mode, 40, 51, 99, 145,

163, 401ATM, 51, see Asynchronous Transfer Mode

traffic parameters, 234ATM Adaption Layer, 232ATM layer, 231cell, 231overload control, 235PHY, 230planes, 232service classes, 233service classes parameters, 234

ATM channel mediation, 239ATM Forum, 225, 226ATM path mediation, 239ATM-LANE, 237Atomic Data Unit, 409Attenuation, see Signal dampingattenuation to crosstalk ratio, 110AT&T, 414Authentication, 58, 289, 329, 511, 657, 824Authentication Center, 435Authentication Header, 54Autocorrelation, 101Automated Repeat Request, 55Autonomous System, 364, 479, 585

B-ISDN, 224, 414B3G, see 4GBabel, 373Backbone, 210, 255, 360Backoff, 168, 175, 269Backplane, 196Backup Source Routing, 374Backward learning, 347Ball, Harvey, 703, 842BAN, see Body Area NetworkBandpass position, 111Bandwidth, 44, 65, 67, 77, 110, 125, 448Bandwidth Balancing Algorithm, 405Baran, Paul, 4, 379, 383, 842Base64 encoding, 710, 712, 824Baseband, 111Basic Service Set, 260, 261Basis band signal, 424Bastion Hosts, 820Baudot, Emile, 98, 840Beacon frame, 262, 277, 329Beacon interval, 278

Index 881

Bearer services, 432Bell, Alexander Graham, 70, 841Bellcoe, 414Bellman, Richard, 351, 842Bellman-Ford algorithm, 351Berkeley Standard Distribution, 596Berners-Lee, Tim, 17, 27Best effort, 53, 497, 504Beyond 3G, see 4GBGP, see Border Gateway ProtocolBidirectional NAT, 637Big Endian Order, 497, 585Binary line codes, 82Biphase line codes, 82Biphase Mark Code, 86Birds of a Feather, 12Bit length, 204, 255Bit stuffing, 136, 156, 255, 386, 391, 411, 413,

448Bit transmission layer, see Physical layerBITS, see Bump in the StackBITW, see Bump in the WireBlock cipher, 660Block codes, 82Bluetooth, 104, 122, 147, 305Bluetooth Network Encapsulation Protocol,

318Bluetooth operating modes, 315Bluetooth profile, 319BNC connector, 111Body Area Network, 147BOF, see Birds of a FeatherBoggs, David, 164, 845Bootstrap, 736Bootstrap Protocol, 496, 755Border Gateway Protocol, 365, 490Border router, 820Bouncing, 716Boundary router, see Gateway routerBranly, Eduard, 70, 841Bridge, 153, 181, 243, 255, 457, 585

MAC bridge, 244Multiprotocol Bridge, 244remote, 248Source Routing Bridge, 247Spanning Tree Bridge, 246transparent, 245

Broadband, 445Broadband Ethernet, 198Broadband ISDN, 401Broadband Wireless Access, 147Broadcast, 58, 119, 141, 151, 178, 255, 329,

365, 448, 484, 585, 657Subnet Directed Broadcast, 487

Broadcast address, 484Broadcast network, see Diffusion networkBroadcast routing, see FloodingBroadcast storm problem, 377Broadcasting, see BroadcastBrute-force attack, 285BSC, 40BSD, see Berkeley Standard DistributionBSD-UNIX, 668, 750Buffering, 475Bulletin Board System, 811Bullough, Robin K., 117, 843Bump in the Stack, 537Bump in the Wire, 537Burst, 475Burst errors, 95Burst limit, 195Bus, 50, 130Bus topology, 159, 164, 180, 255Byte stream, 36Byte stuffing, 135

C network, 432CA, see Certificate AuthorityCable bundle, 97Cable modem, 445Cable network, 445Cable Replacement Protocol, 317Cache poisoning, 692CacHing And MultiPath Routing, 374Cailliau, Robert, 6, 834, 845Call control, 451Candidate recommendation, 17CAP, see Carrierless Amplitude PhaseCarbon Copy, 706, 824Care-of Address, 371, 577Carrier, 142Carrier Detect, 190Carrier Extension, 194Carrier frequency system, 446Carrier sensing, 168, 173, 255Carrier signal, 65Carrierless Amplitude Phase, 429Cascading Style Sheets, 835Caselli, Giovanni Abbate, 98, 840CDDI, see Copper Distributed Data InterfaceCDIR-Notation, 490CDMA, see Code Division Multiple AccessCDP, see Differential Manchester encodingCell relay, 51, see Cell switchingCell switching, 225, 227, 335Cells, 431, 433Cellular network, see Mesh topologyCentimeter waves, 73

882 Index

Cerf, Vinton, 5, 47, 603, 844CERN, 6, 834Certificate, 645, 657Certificate Authority, 657, 727CGA, see Cryptographically Generated

AddressesCGI, see Common Gateway InterfaceChallenge-response procedure, 289Channel access control, 138Channel Acquisition, 191Channel capacity, 125Channel Propagation Delay, 171Chargen Protocol, 813Chat, 824Cheapernet, see 10Base2Chipping sequence, 106Chips, 108Chirp impulse, 125Chirp Spread Spectrum, 108Choke data packet, 472Chord, 807Chromatic dispersion, 117Cipher Block Chaining, 421Cipher text, 659Circuit switching, 58, 255, 335Circuit-level gateway, 819Clarke, Arthur C., 123, 842Class-based quality of service, 477Classful network, see IP address classesClassless addressing, 489Classless InterDomain Routing, 489Client, 25, 38, 58, 594, 666, 824Client/server paradigm, 25, 58, 666, 824CLLM, see Consolidated Link Layer

ManagementClock recovery, 81Clusterhead Gateway Switch Routing Protocol,

373CNLP, see Connectionless Network Layer

ProtocolCoaxial cable, 43, 110, 125Code Division Multiple Access, 99Code multiplexing, 99, 104Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division

Multiplex, 95Codes of behavior, 30COFDM, see Coded Orthogonal Frequency

Division MultiplexCohen, Bram, 808, 847Cold potato routing, 347Cold reserve, 212Collision avoidance, 50, 138, 266Collision detection, 50, 138, 168, 174Collision domain, 181, 255

Collision handling, 174Collision resolution, see Collision detectionCommitted Information Rate, 394Common Gateway Interface, 835Common Open Policy Services, 791, 798Communication, 25, 30, 125

asynchronous, 425full duplex, 425half duplex, 425isochronous, 780synchronous, 425

Communication channels, 141Communication protocol, 25, 30, 58, 125, 831Communication satellites, 123Computer communication, 29Computer network, 29, 58, 255, 329, 587Concatenated virtual circuit, 460Concentrator, see HubConditional Dephase Encoding, see

Differential Manchester encodingConductor, 43Configuration management, 755Congestion, 361, 466Congestion avoidance, 466, 468Congestion Avoidance Algorithm, 630Congestion Collapse, 631Congestion control, 459, 610, 658CONNECT, 38Connection cable, 114Connection control, 451Connection Oriented Session Service

Definition, 42Connection Oriented Transport Protocol, 41Connection setup, 38Connection termination, 38Connection-oriented service, 36, 58, 668Connectionless Network Layer Protocol, 362Connectionless service, 36, 58, 175Connectivity Service Network, 420Consolidated Link Layer Management, 398Constellation diagram, 92Contention Access Period, 326Contention Free Period, 326Contention Period, 267Contention Window, 269Continuous Variable Slope Delta, 311Control frames, 276Controlled access, 138Convolutional code, 265Cookies, 549Copper Distributed Data Interface, 210COPS, see Common Open Policy ServicesCore Based Trees, 370Corporate network, 142, 337

Index 883

Cosmic radiation, see High-altitude radiationCount-to-infinity problem, 354, 373Country code Top-Level Domains, 678country-code Name Supporting Organization,

17CPYNET, 702CRC test, 178Crossbar switch, 97, 239Crossover cable, 114Crosstalk, 77, 110, 112, 196, 425Crosstalk attentuation, 110Cryptographically Generated Addresses, 529Cryptography, 59, 329, 658CSMA, 255, 329CSMA/CD, 168, 329CSS, see Chirp Spread SpectrumCut-through switch, 180, 250Cyclic Redundancy Check, 230Cyclic Reservation Multiple Access, 407

DAB, see Digital Audio BroadcastDAC, see Dual Attached ComponentDamping, 110, 115Damping distortion, 77DARPA, see Advanced Research Project

AgencyDASH7, 328Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment, 383Data Encryption Standard, 421, 543, 647, 658Data flows, 793Data forwarding, 375Data frames, 276Data integrity, 658Data link layer, 40Data packet, 41, 130, 155Data packet queuing, see QueuingData packet synchronization, 51, 139Data stream, 778Data Switching Exchange, 383Data Terminal Equipment, 383Data transfer, 35Data-over-Cable System Interface Specificati-

on, 445Datagram, see Data packet, 496Datagram Congestion Control Protocol, 55,

590Datagram service, 37Datagram Transport Layer Security, 645Datex-M, 406Datex-P, 383Davies, Donald, 4, 383, 842Daytime Protocol, 814DCCP, see Datagram Congestion Control

Protocol

DCF77, 90DDCMP, 40Decibels, 78Decimeter waves, 73DECnet, 39DecNET, 453DECT, see Digital Enhanced Cordless

TelecommunicationsDedicated Token Ring, 208Default gateway, 563Default router, 487, 526Default routing, 449Defragmentation, 59, 586, 658Delay distortion, 77Delay spread, 94Delegation signer resource records, 697Delivery Traffic Indication Message, 280Delta routing, 347Demand Priority Access Method, 146Demarshalling, 744Demilitarized Zone, 823Demodulation, 43, 65, 424Demultiplexing, 36, 96Denial-of-Service, 329, 692, 816, 825Denial-of-Service attack, 285, 516DENIC, 23DES, see Data Encryption StandardDesktop firewall, see Personal firewallDestination, 151Destination Sequence Distance Vector routing,

357, 373Deutsches Forschungsnetz, 23DFN, 23, see Deutsches ForschungsnetzDHCP, see Dynamic Host Configuration

ProtocolDHCP relay agent, 760DHCPv6, 763Dielectrium, 110Differential Manchester encoding, 85Differential Phase Shift Keying, 85, 92Differentiated services, 477, 508Diffie, Whitfield, 844Diffie-Hellman procedure, 548, 658Diffusing Update Algorithm, 357Diffusion network, 40, 50, 59, 130, 141, 255DiGi e.V., 24Digital, 126Digital Audio Broadcast, 95Digital communication, 25, 126Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunicati-

ons, 440Digital modulation methods, 89Digital signal, 66Digital signature, 658, 824

884 Index

Digital Signature Algorithm, 647Digital Spectrum Modulation, see Digital

modulation methodsDigital Subscriber Line, 40, 401, 428Digital Video Broadcast – Cable, 93Digital Video Broadcast – Terrestrial, 95Dijkstra algorithm, 348, 449Dijkstra, Edsger W., 348, 843Dimension, 159DIN 5031, 74Direct current component, 81Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum, 106, 264Direct wave propagation, 126Direction Forward Routing, 373Directional radio, 330Directory Access Protocol, 699Directory Information Tree, 698Directory service, 698, 833Discard Protocol, 813DISCONNECT, 38Discovery frame, 248Discrete logarithm, 548Discrete Multitone, 95, 429Diskless workstation, 736Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol,

369Distance vector routing, 351, 449Distinguished Name, 655Distributed Bellman-Ford Routing Protocol,

373Distributed Coordination Function Interframe

Space, 268Distributed file system, 739Distributed Hash Table, 807Distributed Queue Dual Bus, 145, 402, 449Distributed Queuing Protocol, 403Distribution system, 261Divide and conquer, 33divide et impera, see Divide and conquerDIX standard, 165DMT, see Discrete MultitoneDMZ, see Demilitarized ZoneDNS, see Domain Name SystemDNS amplification, 693DNS and NAT, 637DNS cache, 686DNS hijacking, 693DNS label, 676DNS spoofing, 692DNS walking, 697DNS zone stealing, 693DNSSEC, see Domain Name System Security

ExtensionsDOI, see Domain of Interpretation

Domain name, 676Domain Name Registry, 680Domain Name System, 57, 671, 825, 833Domain Name System Security Extensions,

674, 692, 694Domain of Interpretation, 553Domains, 675Doppler effect, 108, 126, 840Doppler, Christian, 126, 840Dot-com bubble, 7, 26Dotted decimal notation, 482, 587Downstream, 201DPAM, see Demand Priority Access MethodDPSK, see Differential Phase Shift KeyingDQDB, see Distributed Queue Dual Bus

Data format, 404Head of Bus, 403Looped Dual Bus Topology, 403Open Dual Bus Topology, 403Services, 402

DSA, see Digital Signature AlgorithmDSDV, see Destination Sequence Distance

Vector routingDSL, see Digital Subscriber Line, 449DSSS, see Direct Sequence Spread SpectrumDTLS, see Datagram Transport Layer SecurityDUAL, see Diffusing Update AlgorithmDual Attached Component, 212Dual homing, 213Dual Stack Implementation, 530DVB-C, see Digital Video Broadcast – CableDVB-T, see Digital Video Broadcast –

TerrestrialDwell time, 105Dynamic, 67Dynamic Frequency Selection, 281Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, 496,

529, 755DYnamic Manet On-demand Routing, 374Dynamic Source Routing, 374

E0, 317EAP Message Digest Algorithm, 297EAP over LANs, 297Early token release, 218Earth’s atmosphere, 127Eavesdropping, 660EBCDIC, see Extended Binary Coded Decimal

Interchange CodeEcho compensation, 428Echo Protocol, 813Echo streams, 427ECN, see Explicit Congestion NotificationEDGE, 437

Index 885

Edge (graph), 340EDNS, see Extension Mechanisms for DNSEHF, see Millimeter wavesEIGRP, see Enhanced Interior Gateway

Routing ProtocolElectricity supply network, 446Electromagnetic spectrum, 69Electromagnetic waves, 65, 69, 119, 126Electronic commerce, 7, 26Electronic mail system, 825Ellis, Jim, 811EMAC, 226Email, 701Email address, 705, 825Email gateway, 716, 718, 825Email message formats, 707Emoticon, 703Encapsulating Security Payload, 54, 535End-to-end transmission, 591Enhanced Distributed Coordination Function,

283Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol,

357EPROM, 153Equipment Identification Registry, 436ERCIM, see European Research Consortium

for Informatics and MathematicsErrata, 18Error control, 35Error correction, 51, 139Error detection, 51, 81, 139Error handling, 130Error recognition, 139Error recovery, 82ErWiN, 25Escape byte, 135Escape sequence, 747ESMTP, 716ESP, see Encapsulating Security PayloadEthernet, 40, 143, 161, 164, 165

channel, 167data packet format, 176data packet minimum length, 179network adapter, 176preamble, 176Sources of Error, 199

EUI-64, 154EUnet, 23European Academic and Research Network,

23European Research Consortium for Informatics

and Mathematics, 17European UNIX Users Group, 23Excess Information Rate, 394

Expedited Forwarding, 478Explicit Congestion Notification, 591Explicit Notification protocol, 472Exposed Station Problem, 270Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange

Code, 734Extended Interframe Space, 268Extended Service Set, 261Extensible Authentication Protocol, 297Extension Mechanisms for DNS, 683, 685Exterior Gateway Protocol, 364, 479, 585Exterior switch, 340external BGP, 365External Data Representation, 827Extreme high frequency, see Millimeter waves

Fading, 95Fahlman, Scott, 703, 845Fair queueing, 477Fairy hair, 116Fanning, Shawn, 804, 847Faraday, Michael, 70, 840Fast Ethernet, 186Fast packet relaying, 227Fast packet switching, 225, 227, 395Fault management, 755FDDI, see Fiber Distributed Data InterfaceFDDI-2, 221FDMA, see Frequency Division Multiple

AccessFetch-store paradigm, 771FHSS, see Frequency Hopping Spread

SpectrumFiber Distributed Data Interface, 40, 145, 210Fiber optic cable, 115, 126

monomode, 115, 215multimode, 115, 215

Fiber optic metro ring, see Fiber DistributedData Interface

Fiber optics, 43Fiber-to-the-Home, 429File access service, 739, 824File transfer, 728File Transfer Protocol, 4, 42, 57, 729, 825File transfer services, 824File Transfer, Access and Management, 42Filesharing, 803Finger Protocol, 815Finite State Machine, 615Firewalls, 816FireWire, 155Flag byte, 135Flood and prune, 369Flooding, 344, 345, 359, 366, 449

886 Index

Flooding algorithm, 246Flow control, 36, 51, 59, 130, 137, 139, 256,

459, 585, 593, 608, 658feedback-based, 137velocity-based, 137

Flow specification, 477FM, see Frequency ModulationFord, Lester, 351, 843Ford-Fulkerson algorithm, 351Foreign agent, 371Forward Error Correction, 311Fourier analysis, 75, 126Fourier, Jean-Baptiste, 75, 126, 839Fragmentation, 36, 51, 53, 59, 139, 245, 266,

271, 464, 586, 658nontransparent, 465transparent, 464

Frame Bursting, 193, 194Frame Check Sequence, 199Frame filtering, 244Frame identification, 133Frame Relay, 40, 99, 394, 449

DLCI, 397Frame Relay Forum, 394Frame synchronization, see Data packet

synchronizationFrames, 81, 130, 155Framing, 130, 132, 134Frankel, Justin, 805, 806, 847Freenet, 805Frequency, 67Frequency Division Duplex, 422, 441Frequency Division Multiple Access, 97Frequency hopping, 105Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum, 105,

264, 306Frequency Modulation, 88, 90, 425Frequency multiplexing, 97, 102, 105, 107Frequency Shift Keying, 90Frictional electricity, 839FSK, see Frequency Shift KeyingFSM, see Finite State MachineFTP, see File Transfer ProtocolFTP over SSL, 736Fulkerson, Delbert Ray, 351, 842Full Duplex Token Ring, 208Full Service Network, 423Full-duplex, 135, 182, 189, 256Full-Gateway, 457Fully qualified domain name, 676Fusion splicing, 118

Gamma rays, 74Gateway, 457, 586, 659, 825

Gateway Mobile Service Switching Center,435

Gateway router, 364Gauss filter, 91Gauss, Carl Friedrich, 70, 840Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying, 91, 432General Registration Protocol, 143Generic Name Supporting Organization, 17Generic Top-Level Domains, 677Geocasting, 373Geostationary satellites, 123German Democratic Republic, 25GiFi, see Millimetre Wave Gigabit WirelessGigabit Ethernet, 193Glass, 116Global addresses, 178Global policies, 798Global Positioning System, 100, 108, 287, 373Global System for Mobile Communication,

91, 395, 431, 449Globalstar, 124GMSK, see Gaussian Minimum Shift Keyinggnutella, 805, 806, 847Google, 8Gopher, 814, 846Gormsen, Harald, 307, 839GPRS, 437GPS, see Global Positioning SystemGrafting, 369Graph, 340Graphical Use Interface, 753Gray, Elisha, 97, 840Gray, Stephen, 70, 839Ground wave, 73Ground wave propagation, 126Group encoding, 81Group Master Key, 300Group Transient Key, 300GSM, see Global System for Mobile

CommunicationGUI, see Graphical User Interface

Half-duplex, 135, 189, 256Half-Gateway, 457Handover, 148, 433Hardware address, see MAC addressHarmonic, 77Hartley, Ralph, 80Hash Message Authentication Code, 777Hash table, 246Hashing, 492Hazy Sighted Link State Routing Protocol ,

376HDB3 code, 412

Index 887

HDLC, see High-level Data Link ProtocolHDSL, 430Head-of-line blocking, 592Header, 133, 134Heat radiation, 74Heaviside, Oliver, 111, 841Hellman, Martin, 845Hertz, Heinrich, 70, 841Hewlett Packard, 190HF, see Short waveHidden Station Problem, 270Hierarchical State Routing Protocol, 373High Frequency, see Short waveHigh frequency cables, see Coaxial cablesHigh frequency range, 69High Speed Token Ring, 208High-altitude radiation, 75High-level Data Link Control, 385High-level Data Link Protocol, 40, 140, 393Higher Layer Interface, 402Hijacking, 285HMAC, see Hash Message Authentication

CodeHolddown timer, 356Home address, 576Home agent, 371Home Location Register, 435Hop, 339, 340, 449, 491, 825Hop counter, 345Hop-by-hop choke data packet, 472Hopping sequence, 105Host, 47Host Controller Interface, 318Host ID, 482Host Table Name System, 672Host-to-Host Protocol, 382Host-to-IMP Protocol, 380host.txt, 670Hot potato routing, 344, 346, 449, 471HSCSD, 437HTML, see Hypertext Markup LanguageHTTP, see Hypertext Transfer ProtocolHTTP over SSL, 643HTTP streaming, 779HTTPS, see HTTP over SSLHub, 153, 162, 180, 185, 242, 256Hybrid Coordination Function, 283Hybrid coordinator, 283Hybrid encryption, 725Hybrid multiplexer, 223Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol, 376Hyperlink, 6, 26, 800Hypermedia, 800Hypertext, 6

Hypertext Markup Language, 26, 666, 801Hypertext Transfer Protocol, 26, 42, 57, 643,

666, 800

IAB, see Internet Architecture BoardIANA, see Internet Assigned Numbers

AuthorityIBM SNA, 39ICANN, see Internet Corporation for Assigned

Names and NumbersICCB, see Internet Control and Configuration

BoardICMP, see Internet Control Message ProtocolICMPv6, 54, 566Identification, 36IEEE, 138, 142, 156, 256, 330IEEE 802, 51, 131, 142IEEE 802 addressing scheme, 154IEEE 802.11, 108IEEE 802.11a, 95IEEE 802.11g, 95IEEE 802.15.4, 108, 321IEEE 802.16, 418IEEE 802.16e, 95IEEE 802.1D, see Spanning Tree ProtocolIEEE 802.1X, 297IEEE 802.2, 51IEEE 802.3, see EthernetIEEE 802.4, see Token BusIEEE 802.5, see Token RingIEEE 802.6, see Distributed Queued Dual BusIEEE 802.11i, 295IESG, see Internet Engineering Steering GroupIETF, see Internet Engineering Task ForceIGMP, see Internet Group Management

ProtocolIGP, see Interior Gateway ProtocolIGRP, see Interior Gateway Routing ProtocolIITOT, see ISO Transport Service on top of

TCPIKE, see Internet Key Exchange ProtocolIMAP, see Interactive Mail Access ProtocolIMP, see Interface Messaging ProcessorIMP-to-IMP Protocol, 381Impedance, see Wave resistanceImpulse disturbance, see Impulse noiseImpulse noise, 77IMT-2000, 438In-band signaling, 451Inbound NAT, see Bidirectional NATIndependent Basic Service Set, see Ad Hoc

ModeIndex of refraction, see Refractive indexinetd, 813

888 Index

Infrared radiation, 74Infrastructure domain, 678Infrastructure Mode, 261Initializations Vector, 288Inner conductor, 110Inquiry Access Code, 315Integrated IS-IS, 362Integrated Services Digital Network, see ISDNIntegrity Check Value, 288, 540Intelligent hubs, 185Inter Access Point Protocol, 262Inter-AS multicast routing, 370Inter-AS routing, 364Interactive Mail Access Protocol, 720Interconnection networks, 239Interface, 31Interface Message Processor, 4Interference signal, 66Interframe gap, 168Interframe Space, 267Interior Gateway Protocol, 54, 364, 479, 585Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, 357Interior switch, 340Intermediate systems, 831Intermodulation noise, 77internal BGP, 365International Roaming, 283International Telecommunication Union, 122Internet, 26, 126, 453, 586, 659Internet applications, 833Internet Architecture Board, 9Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, 10, 14,

595, 676Internet Control and Configuration Board, 9Internet Control Message Protocol, 54, 557Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and

Numbers, 14, 520, 676, 679Internet Draft Standard, 20Internet Engineering Steering Group, 12Internet Engineering Task Force, 10Internet Group Management Protocol, 54, 367,

794Internet Key Exchange, 554Internet Key Exchange Protocol, 54, 536, 545Internet layer, 46, 52Internet Message Access Protocol, 707, 825Internet of Things, 504Internet Official Protocol Standard, 20Internet Proposed Standard, 19Internet Protocol, 9, 26, 41, 53, 59, 453, 480,

574, 586, 659Internet Protocol Status, 22Internet Relay Chat, 810Internet Research Steering Group, 12

Internet Research Task Force, 10, 12Internet Security Association and Key

Management Protocol, 553Internet Service Provider, 16, 484, 707Internet services, 664Internet Society, 13Internet standard, 26, 59Internet standardization process, 19Internet Stream Protocol v2, 54Internet Task Force, 10Internet telephony, 779Internet worm, 815Internetwork Packet eXchange, 453Internetwork routing, 478Internetworking, 4, 26, 47, 59, 127, 334, 831

connection-oriented, 460connectionless, 461

Intersymbol interference, 91, 94, 117, 127Intra-AS routing, 364Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing

Protocol, 534Ionosphere, 73, 120, 127IP, see Internet ProtocolIP address, 53, 481, 586IP address classes, 586IP datagram, 586, 659IP encapsulation, 501IP fragmentation, 501IP Protocol, see Internet ProtocolIP: Next Generation, 506IPnG, 505IPsec, 534

Authentication Header, 535, 538Transport mode, 538Tunnel mode, 538

IPv4, 489, 497IPv4 address, 659IPv4-translatable address, 531IPv6, 155, 505, 586, 659

Addressing, 517Anycast, 518Autoconfiguration, 525Basis header, 507Datagram format, 507Extension header, 510Fragmentation, 513Privacy Extensions, 529Source routing, 513

IRC, see Internet Relay ChatIRC-Bot, 810IRC-Bouncer, 810IrDA, 305Iridium, 124IRSG, see Internet Research Steering Group

Index 889

IRTF, see Internet Research Task ForceIS-IS protocol, 362ISAKMP, see Internet Security Association

and Key Management ProtocolISATAP, see Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel

Addressing ProtocolISDN, 387, 427, 449

Basis connection, 387Data formats, 391Layer model, 388Primary connection, 388Terminology, 389

ISM radio bands, 121, 122ISO 3166, 678ISO 8208, see X.25ISO 8802.5, 200ISO Internet, 145ISO Transport Protocol, 590ISO Transport Service on top of TCP, 590ISO/OSI Reference Model, 59, 127ISOC, see Internet Society

Board of Trustees, 13Isochronous channel, 223Isochronous data transmission, 223Isolated routing, 450ISP, see Internet Service ProviderITF, see Internet Task ForceITP, see Industrial Twisted PairITU, see International Telecommunication

UnionITU-T X.509, 651

Jabber, 185, 199Jacobson, Van, 628, 847Jacobson/Karels Algorithm, 628Jam signal, 168, 174, 176Jitter, 234, 475, 780Jumbogram, 513, 515

Kahn, Robert, 5, 47, 603, 843Kao, Charles Kuen, 116, 843Karels, Michael, 628, 847Karn, Phil, 627, 846Karn/Partridge Algorithm, 627KEA, see Key Exchange AlgorithmKerberized Internet Negotiation of Keys, 536,

556Kerberos, 556Key, 659Key Exchange Algorithm, 647Key hierarchy, 299Key Mixing Function, 296Key signing party, 728

KINK, see Kerberized Internet Negotiation ofKeys

Kleinrock, Leonard, 4, 379, 843Kotelnikow, Vladimir, 79Kunz, Paul, 6, 845

L2CAP, see Logical Link Control andAdaption Protocol

Lamarr, Hedy, 107, 842Lampson, Butler, 165, 844LAN, see Local Area Network, 450LAN address, 151LAN analyzer, see Network analyzerLAN communication interface, 151LAN interface, see Network interface controlerLAN segment, 180LAN switch, see SwitchLAN switching, 50, 139Language, 30LAPB, see Link Access Procedure, BalancedLAPD, see Link Access Procedure for

D-ChannelsLAPF, see Link Access Protocol for Frame

RelayLaser, 98Last call, 17Last mile, 424Late Collisions, 199Late Counter, 220Lay length, 112Layer model, 29, 31, 33, 45, 59LDAP, see Lightweight Directory Access

ProtocolLDIF, see Lightweight Directory Interchange

FormatLeaky Bucket Algorithm, 475LED, see Light-emitting diodeLee, Tim Berners, 6, 834, 846Leecher, 809Level-3 switch, 252, 254LF, see Long waveLicklider Transmission Protocol, 591Licklider, Joseph Carl Robnett, 4Light diode, see Light-emitting diodeLight path, 43Light refraction, 116Light-emitting diode, 98, 115Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, 656,

700Lightweight Directory Interchange Format,

700Lightweight EAP, 297Lightweight Internet Person Schema, 700Lightweight User Datagram Protocol, 591, 602

890 Index

Line code, see Line codingLine coding, 80, 82, 127Line of sight propagation, 73Link Access Procedure for D-Channels, 40Link Access Procedure, Balanced, 40, 140,

385Link Access Protocol for Frame Mode Bearer

Service, 399Link Access Protocol for Frame Relay, 395Link integrity test, 190Link layer, 49, 129, see Network access layerlink layer, 46Link Layer Discovery Protocol, 140, 143Link Layer Topology Discovery, 52Link management, 51, 139Link-state announcement, 358Link-state multicast routing, 369Link-state packet, 359Link-state routing, 358, 450

Oscillation problematic, 361Linked Cluster Architecture, 373LIPS, see Lightweight Internet Person SchemaLISTEN, 38Little Endian Order, 585LLDP, see Link Layer Discovery ProtocolLLTD, see Link Layer Topology DiscoveryLoad sharing, 525Load shedding, 472Lobe cable, 206Local addresses, 178Local Area Network, 60, 130, 140, 142Local Collisions, 199Local host, 484Local loop, 424, 450Local network, see Local Area NetworkLocality of reference, 142, 686

spatial, 142, 583temporal, 142

Lock-Keeper, 820Logical Link Control, 40, 51, 130, 139, 143,

156, 256, 402Logical Link Control and Adaption Protocol,

314Login shell, 750Long Term Evolution, 95, 444Long wave, 73Loopback address, 484, 523, 587Loose Source Routing, 500, 511Low Frequency, see Long waveLow frequency range, 69Low-pass filter, 91LSP, see Link-state packetLTE, see Long Term EvolutionLTE-advanced, 444

LTP, see Licklider Transmission ProtocolLW, see Long wave

MAC address, 50, 138, 153, 218configurable, 153dynamic, 153static, 153

MAC Bridges, 143MAC flooding, 251MAC-48, see IEEE 802 addressing schemeMACA, 266Macro Diversity, 441Mailbox, 705Mailing list, 705, 718, 825Maiman, Theodore, 116, 843Mainframe, 162Man-in-the-middle attack, 285, 330, 659Management frames, 277Management Information Base, 764Manchester encoding, 83, 178, 256Manufacturing Automation Protocol, 144MAP, see Manufacturing Automation ProtocolMarconi, Guglielmo, 70, 841Markup, 802Marshalling, 744Maximum frequency, 65Maximum Transmission Unit, 53, 177, 501,

587Maxwell’s equation, 71Maxwell, James Clerk, 70, 840Mbone, see Multicast backboneMcCahill, Mark, 814, 846McIllroy, Doug, 778, 843MCM, see Multi-Carrier ModulationMcQuillan, John M., 358, 845MD5, see Message Digest 5MD5 Hashfunction, 529Media Independent Handover, 148Medium, 27, 127Medium access, 134Medium Access Control, 40, 50, 256, 330Medium Access Control layer, 130, 138, 402Medium Attachment Unit, 184Medium Frequency, 73Medium wave, 73Meinel, Christoph, 846Merkle, Ralph, 846Mesh topology, 159, 260Meshed network, see Mesh topologyMessage Authentication Code, 653Message Digest 5, 536, 647Message Handling System, 57, 702Message Oriented Text Interchange System,

42, 728

Index 891

Message sequences, 36Message switching, 256Message Transfer Agent, 703Message Transfer System, 703Metainformation, 155Metcalfe’s Law, 845Metcalfe, Robert, 164, 845Metropolitan Area Network, 130, 145, 402MF, see Medium waveMHS, see Message Handling SystemMIB, see Management Information BaseMichael Message Integrity Check, 296Microwaves, 73, 121Midlevel networks, 480Migration of IPv4 to IPv6, 528MIH, see Media Independent HandoverMillimeter waves, 73Millimetre Wave Gigabit Wireless, 328MILNET, 5, 382MIME, see Multipurpose Internet Mail

Extensions, 833Multipart Message, 711

Mineral glass, 115Minimum Exposed Path to the Attack, 374Minimum Shift Keying, 91MIPv6, see Mobile IP version 6MLT-3, see Multi-Level Transmit coding, 190MNP3, 426MNP5, 426Mobile Ad-hoc On-Demand Data Delivery

Protocol, 374Mobile computing, 574Mobile IP, 371, 574, 587Mobile IP Version 6, 583Mobile Mesh Routing Protocol, 373Mobile node, 371Mobile routing, 450Mobile Service Switching Center, 435MobileFi, 148Mobility binding, 580Mockapetris, Paul, 671, 845Mode, 115Modem, 87, 424, 450Modulation, 43, 65, 115, 127, 330, 424Modulation rate, 82Monitor

active, 204passive, 204

Monitor mode, 158Monitor Station, 201Morse, Samuel, 70, 840MOSPF, see Multicast Open Shortest Path

FirstMotherboard, 157

MOTIS, see Message Oriented TextInterchange System

MSK, see Minimum Shift KeyingMTU, see Maximum Transmission UnitMulti-Carrier Modulation, 93Multi-hop, 120Multi-Level Transmit coding, 86Multi-path, see Multi-path receptionMulti-path reception, 93–95Multi-path signal propagation, see Multi-path

receptionMulti-port repeater, see HubMulti-protocol capability, 51, 139Multicast addresses, 485Multicast backbone, 367, 368Multicast BGP, 370Multicast Open Shortest Path First, 360, 369Multicast router, 367Multicast Source Discovery Protocol, 370Multicast tree, 368Multicast tunneling, 369Multicasting, 54, 60, 141, 151, 256, 330, 365,

367, 450, 459, 482, 485, 517, 587, 659,779, 826

Multidestination routing, 366Multihomed host, 485Multilevel switch, see Level-3 switchMultimedia, 27, 826Multimedia applications, 777Multipath fading, see Selective fadingMultiple access, 96, 256, 330Multiple access problem, 134Multiple access protocol, 50, 138Multiplexing, 36, 96, 127, 231

asynchronous, 102Multiport repeater, see HubMultiprotocol bridge, 244Multiprotocol router, 457Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, 42,

709, 826Multirate Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector

Routing Protocol, 374MW, see Medium wave

Nagle Algorithm, 629Nagle, John, 629Name resolution, 672Name service, 669, 826Names server, 682Napster, 803, 804NAPT, see Network Address Port TranslationNAPT-PT, see Network Address Port

Translation – Protocol TranslationNarrow band signal, 68

892 Index

NAT, see Network Address TranslationNAT-PT, see Network Address Translation –

Protocol TranslationNAT64, 532National Geographic Society, 13National Science Foundation, 5NCP, see Network Control ProgramNDP, see Neighbor Discovery ProtocolNear End Crosstalk, see Crosstalk attentuationNear Field Communication, 328Neighbor Discovery Protocol, 52, 529, 568,

571NetBIOS, 590Netscape, 643Network, see Computer network, 587Network access layer, 130Network adapter, see Network interface

controlerNetwork Address Port Translation, see

Overloaded NATNetwork Address Port Translation – Protocol

Translation, 532Network Address Translation, 529, 631, 659Network Address Translation – Protocol

Translation, 532Network addresses, 484Network Allocation Vector, 267Network analyzer, 157Network and Switching Subsystem, 434Network application, 27, 60Network Basic Input/Output System, 42Network card, see Network interface controlerNetwork Control Program, 382, 603Network Control Protocol, 5Network File System, 739Network graph, 52Network ID, 482Network Identification, see Network IDNetwork Information Center, 676Network Information Service, 763Network interface controler, 156, 831Network layer, 41Network management, 826Network management software, 754Network Network Interface, 228Network News Transfer Protocol, 811Network segment, 256Network Service Access Point, 594Network sniffer, see Network analyzer, 285Network socket, 55Network Time Protocol, 562, 763, 815Network Virtual Terminal, 746New economy, 7Newhall-Ring, 198

Newsgroups, 811NEXT, see crosstalk attentuationNext Generation Mobile Networks, see Long

Term EvolutionNext hop, 53Next hop forwarding, 339, 450Next hop table, see Routing tableNFS, see Network File SystemNIC, see Network Information CenterNickname, 810NIS, see Network Information ServiceNNTP, see Network News Transfer ProtocolNode, 340Noise, 77Noise ratio, 127Non Directional Beacon, see Radio beaconNon-reliable service, 36Non-Return-to-Zero, 82Non-Return-to-Zero Inverted, 83, 216Nonce, 777, 826Nonpersistent CSMA, 171Novell Internetwork Packet Exchange, 41Novell Netware, 39NRZ, see Non-Return-to-ZeroNSAP, see Network Service Access PointNSF, see National Science FoundationNSFNET, 382NTP, see Network Time ProtocolNTT DoCoMo, 438Null device, 813Null frames, 276Nyquist, Harry, 78, 79Nyquist-Shannon-sampling theorem, see

Sampling theorem

O’Reilly, Tim, 8, 846OAKLEY, 549, 550Oersted, Hans Christian, 70, 839OFC, see fFber optic cableOFDM, see Orthogonal Frequency-Division

MultiplexingOikarinen, Jarkko, 810, 847Omnidirectional, 120On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol, 377On-Off-Keying, see Amplitude Shift KeyingOnline banking, 652Ontology, 8, 837OOK, see On-Off-KeyingOpen Shortest Path First, 54, 358Open System Authentication, 289Open Systems Interconnection, 38, 39OpenPGP, 727Operation and Maintenance Center, 435Operation Subsystem, 435

Index 893

Optical bypass, 217Optical fiber cable, see Fiber optic cableOptical fibers, 98Optical modem, see RepeaterOptimized Link State Routing Protocol, 373Order One Routing Protocol, 376Original signal, 65, 66Orthogonal code, 100, 101Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple

Access, 421Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing,

95, 264, 421, 444Orthogonality, 101OSI, see Open Systems InterconnectionOSI Connectionless Transport Services, 590OSPF, see Open Shortest Path FirstOut-of-band, 388Out-of-band data, 621Out-of-band protocol, 791Out-of-band signaling, 451, 747Outbound NAT, see Unidirectional NATOuter conductor, 110Outsourcing model, 798Overlapping NAT, 640Overload, 60Overload flag, 472Overloaded NAT, 639Overtone, see Harmonic

p-persistent CSMA, 171P2P, see Peer-to-peer communicationPackage broker, 48Packet Assembler/Disassembler, 383Packet Binary Convolutional Coding, 264Packet header, 60Packet Layer Protocol, 41Packet Radio Network, 5Packet sniffer, see Network analyzerPacket switching, 3, 60, 256, 330, 335, 336,

450PAD, see Packet Assembler/DisassemblerPadding, 193Pairwise Master Key, 299PAM, see Pulse Amplitude ModulationPAN, see Personal Area NetworkPantelegraph, 98PAR, see Positive Acknowledgement with

RetransmissionParallel Line Interface Protocol, see PLIPParking lot attack, 285, 330Partner interface, 35, 46Partridge, Craig, 627, 847Passive scanning, 278Patch cable, 114

Path MTU, 513Path MTU Discovery, 563Path vector routing, 365PCM, see Pulse Code ModulationPDH, see Plesiochronous Digital HierarchyPDM, see Pulse Width ModulationPDU, see Protocol Data UnitsPeer interface, see Service interfacePeer-to-peer communication, 802Peering points, 480Perfect channel, 78Perfect forward security, 549Performance management, 755Permanent Virtual Circuit, 384, 396Personal Area Network, 122, 130, 146, 305Personal firewall, 816PGP, see Pretty Good PrivacyPhantom voltage, 206Phase, 67Phase Differential Modulation, 92Phase modulation, 88, 91, 425Phase Reversal Shift Keying, 92Phase Shift Keying, 83, 91Philosophy of language, 830Photuris, 549Physical layer, 39, 43, 63, 127Physical medium, 43Physical signal, see signalPiano rolls, 107Piconet, 306Pin assignment, 114Ping, 557, 561Ping pong method, see Time division methodPipes, 778Plain Old Telephone System, 429Plain text, 659Playback attacks, 826Playback buffer, 780Playback point, 781Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy, 99, 395,

411, 450Bit stuffing, 413DSMX, 411Signal encoding, 412

PLIP, 52Plugin, 833PM, see Phase modulationPoint Coordination Function, 282Point Coordination Function Interframe Space,

268Point-to-point connection, 140Point-to-Point Protocol, 52, 140, 250Poisson distribution, 192Policy Decision Point, 798

894 Index

Policy Enforcement Point, 798Polling, 162, 282Poor Man’s Routing, 500Popow, Alexander Stephanowitsch, 70, 841Port, 257, 595, 666Port bundling, 252Port forwarding, 753Port multiplexing, 600Port number, 55, 587, 599, 660, 666, 826Positive Acknowledgement with Retransmissi-

on, 605Post Office Protocol, 707, 717, 826Postel, Jon, 14, 15, 18, 813, 844Power over Ethernet, 198Power Save, 279Powerline Communication, see Carrier

frequency systemPPM, see Pulse Position ModulationPPP, see Point-to-Point ProtocolPPP over ATM, 52PPP over Ethernet, 52Pre-shared Keys, 296Prefix notation, 489Presentation description, 789Presentation layer, 42Pretty Good Privacy, 723, 826Privacy, 660Private internets, 484PRK, see Phase Reversal Shift KeyingProcess-to-process communication, 56Promiscuous mode, 157, 244Proposed recommendation, 18Protocol, see Communication protocol, 31Protocol Data Unit, 399, 771Protocol family, 30, 60

designaspect, 35Protocol specification, 31Protocol stack, see Protocol family, 60Protocol suite, see Protocol familyProvisional model, 798Proxy ARP, 583Pruning, 369Pseudo header, 600, 620Pseudo Random Number Generator, 289Pseudo terminal, 750Pseudo-noise sequence, see Chipping sequencePseudo-random number, 105Pseudo-static codes, see ChipsPSK, see Phase Shift KeyingPublic key cryptography, 694Public key encryption, 660Public Key Infrastructure, 660Public key server, 728Pulse Amplitude Modulation, 89

Pulse Code Modulation, 89, 387Pulse Duration Modulation, see Pulse Width

ModulationPulse Modulation, 88Pulse Position Modulation, 89Pulse propagation, 94Pulse shaping, 91Pulse Width Modulation, 89Pure ALOHA, 169, 330Push function, 620PVC, see Permanent Virtual CircuitPWM, see Pulse Width Modulation

Q.922, see Link Access Protocol for FrameMode Bearer Service

QAM, see Quadrature Amplitude ModulationQPSK, see Quadrature Phase Shift KeyingQuad-A resource record, 698Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, 92Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, 92Quality of Service, 52, 60, 378, 459, 473, 791Queue, 139Queuing, 51, 139Quoted printable encoding, 711

Radiationionizing, 74non-ionizing, 74

Radio, 119Radio beacon, 73Radio Frequency Communications Protocol,

317Radio Network Subsystem, 441Radio Subsystem, 433Radio waves, 69RADIUS, 297Random Early Detection, 473Random walk, 346RARP, see Reverse ARPRC4, 288, 292Read Only Memory, 736Real Time Streaming Protocol, 782, 788Real-time, 778Real-time applications, 780Real-time Transport Protocol, 41, 58, 590, 782,

783, 826RECEIVE, 38Recording Industry Association of America,

804Reeves, Alec A., 89, 842Reference model, 37, 60Refraction, see Refractive indexRefractive index, 116, 128Regional Internet Registry, 16

Index 895

Reliable datagram service, 37Reliable service, 36Remote data transmission, 257Remote execution, 752Remote login, 745Remote Procedure Call, 57, 742, 827Remote repeater, 185Repeater, 118, 121, 153, 181, 184, 241, 257,

457, 587Repeating hub, see HubReply, 666Request, 666Request for Comments, 14, 18, 27, 61Request-reply service, 37Resource record, 680Resource Reservation Protocol, 56, 791Resynchronization, 81Retransmission, 266, 605Return channel, 445Return-to-Zero, 83Reverse ARP, 51, 587Reverse Path Forwarding, 366Reverse tunneling, 582RFC, see Request for CommentsRFC 1001, see NetBIOSRFC 1002, see NetBIOSRFC 1009, see Internet GatewaysRFC 1014, see External Data RepresentationRFC 1022, see Internet HostsRFC 1034, see Domain Name SystemRFC 1035, see Domain Name SystemRFC 1036, see Network News Transfer

ProtocolRFC 1055, see Serial Line Internet ProtocolRFC 1057, see Remote Procedure CallRFC 1058, see Routing Information ProtocolRFC 1072, see TCP Selective Acknowledge-

mentRFC 1075, see Distance Vector Multicast

Routing ProtocolRFC 1091, see Telnet Communications

ProtocolRFC 1094, see Network File SystemRFC 1112, see Internet Group Management

ProtocolRFC 1122, see TCP/IP Reference ModelRFC 1123, see Internet servicesRFC 1142, see IS-IS protocolRFC 1149, see IP over avian carriersRFC 1155, see Structure of Management

InformationRFC 1157, see Simple Network Management

ProtocolRFC 1190, see Internet Stream Protocol

RFC 1191, see Path MTU DiscoveryRFC 1195, see Integrated IS-ISRFC 1213, see Simple Network Management

ProtocolRFC 1240, see OSI Connectionless Transport

ServicesRFC 1256, see Internet Control Message

ProtocolRFC 1282, see rloginRFC 1288, see Finger ProtocolRFC 1305, see Network Time ProtocolRFC 1321, see EAP Message Digest AlgorithmRFC 1361, see Simple Network Time ProtocolRFC 1379, see Transaction TCPRFC 1393, see TracerouteRFC 1422, see Certificate AuthorityRFC 1436, see GopherRFC 1459, see Internet Relay ChatRFC 1487, see Lightweight Directory Access

ProtocolRFC 1490, see Frame RelayRFC 1519, see Classless InterDomain RoutingRFC 1521, see Multipurpose Internet Mail

ExtensionsRFC 1531, see Dynamic Host Configuration

ProtocolRFC 1532, see Bootstrap ProtocolRFC 1538, see System Network ArchitectureRFC 1541, see Dynamic Host Configuration

ProtocolRFC 1542, see Bootstrap ProtocolRFC 1550, see IPngRFC 1584, see Multicast Open Shortest Path

FirstRFC 1597, see Private internetsRFC 1602, see Internet standardization processRFC 1625, see Wide Area Information SystemRFC 1631, see Network Address TranslationRFC 1644, see Transaction TCPRFC 1700, see TCP PortsRFC 1730, see Interactive Mail Access

ProtocolRFC 1819, see Internet Stream Protocol v2RFC 1825, see IPsecRFC 1829, see Encapsulation Secure PayloadRFC 1884, see IPv6 addressingRFC 1889, see Real-time Transport ProtocolRFC 1902, see Structure of Management

InformationRFC 1906, see Simple Network Management

ProtocolRFC 1939, see Post Office ProtocolRFC 1970, see Neighbor Discovery ProtocolRFC 2001, see Congestion Avoidance

896 Index

RFC 2002, see Mobile IPRFC 2004, see Generic Routing EncapsulationRFC 2018, see TCP Selective Acknowledge-

mentRFC 2068, see Uniform Resource LocatorRFC 2091, see Holddown timerRFC 2104, see Hash Message Authentication

CodeRFC 2126, see ISO Transport Service on top

of TCPRFC 2131, see Dynamic Host Configuration

ProtocolRFC 2201, see Core Based TreesRFC 2205, see Resource Reservation ProtocolRFC 2236, see Internet Group Management

ProtocolRFC 2246, see Transport Layer SecurityRFC 226, see Host Table Name SystemRFC 2284, see Extensible Authentication

ProtocolRFC 2326, see Real Time Streaming ProtocolRFC 2328, see Open Shortest Path FirstRFC 2347, see Trivial File Transfer ProtocolRFC 2362, see Protocol Independent MulticastRFC 2364, see PPP over ATMRFC 2373, see IPv6 addressingRFC 2401, see IPsecRFC 2407, see Domain of InterpretationRFC 2408, see Internet Security Association

and Key Management ProtocolRFC 2409, see Internet Key Exchange ProtocolRFC 2412, see OAKLEYRFC 2427, see Frame RelayRFC 2453, see Routing Information ProtocolRFC 2460, see IPv6RFC 2463, see ICMPv6RFC 2474, see Differentiated servicesRFC 2516, see PPP over EthernetRFC 2522, see PhoturisRFC 2535, see Domain Name System Security

ExtensionsRFC 2575, see Differentiated servicesRFC 2597, see Assured ForwardingRFC 2671, see Extension Mechanisms for

DNSRFC 2675, see IPv6 JumbogramRFC 2694, see DNS and NATRFC 2716, see EAP Transport Layer Security

ProtocolRFC 2748, see Common Open Policy ServicesRFC 2765, see Stateless IP/ICMP TranslationRFC 2766, see Network Address Translation –

Protocol TranslationRFC 2845, see Transaction Signature

RFC 2858, see Multicast BGPRFC 2894, see Router RenumberingRFC 2988, see TCP Retransmission TimerRFC 3048, see Common Open Policy ServicesRFC 3056, see 6to4RFC 3142, see Transport Relay TranslationRFC 3168, see Explicit Congestion

NotificationRFC 3246, see Expedited ForwardingRFC 3315, see DHCPv6RFC 3344, see Mobile IPRFC 3376, see Internet Group Management

ProtocolRFC 3484, see Address renumberingRFC 3501, see Interactive Mail Access

ProtocolRFC 3503, see Real-time Transport ProtocolRFC 3513, see IPv6 addressingRFC 3561, see Ad hoc On-demand Distance

Vector routingRFC 3568, see Delegation signer resource

recordRFC 3610, see Counter with Cipher Block

Chaining-MAC ProtocolRFC 3618, see Multicast Source Discovery

ProtocolRFC 3696, see DNS and IPv6RFC 3748, see Extensible Authentication

ProtocolRFC 3775, see Mobile IP version 6RFC 3828, see Lightweight User Datagram

ProtocolRFC 3913, see Border Gateway Multicast

ProtocolRFC 3971, see Secure Neighbor DiscoveryRFC 4033, see Domain Name System Security

ExtensionsRFC 4076, see Address numberingRFC 4213, see 6in4RFC 4217, see FTP over SSLRFC 4251, see Secure ShellRFC 4271, see Border Gateway ProtocolRFC 4301, see IPsecRFC 4306, see Internet Key ExchangeRFC 4340, see Datagram Congestion Control

ProtocolRFC 4346, see Transport Layer SecurityRFC 4347, see Datagram Transport Layer

SecurityRFC 4380, see TeredoRFC 4430, see Kerberized Internet Negotiation

of KeysRFC 4443, see ICMPv6

Index 897

RFC 4511, see Lightweight Directory AccessProtocol

RFC 4566, see Session Description ProtocolRFC 4861, see Neighbor Discovery ProtocolRFC 4880, see OpenPGPRFC 4941, see IPv6 Privacy ExtensionsRFC 4960, see Stream Control Transmission

ProtocolRFC 5095, see IPv6 Source routingRFC 5214, see Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel

Addressing ProtocolRFC 5236, see Licklider Transmission

ProtocolRFC 5246, see Transport Layer SecurityRFC 5572, see Tunnel Setup ProtocolRFC 5996, see IKEv2RFC 606, see Host Table Name SystemRFC 608, see Host Table Name SystemRFC 707, see Remote Procedure CallRFC 768, see User Datagram ProtocolRFC 783, see Trivial File Transfer ProtocolRFC 792, see Internet Control Message

ProtocolRFC 793, see Transport Control ProtocolRFC 810, see Host Table Name SystemRFC 812, see WhoisRFC 821, see Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolRFC 822, see Email message formatRFC 826, see Address Resolution ProtocolRFC 854, see Telecommunications Network

ProtocolRFC 862, see Echo ProtocolRFC 863, see Discard ProtocolRFC 864, see Chargen ProtocolRFC 867, see Daytime ProtocolRFC 868, see Time ProtocolRFC 882, see Domain Name SystemRFC 883, see Domain Name SystemRFC 896, see Nagle AlgorithmRFC 903, see Reverse ARP, see Reverse ARPRFC 904, see Exterior Gateway ProtocolRFC 905, see ISO Transport ProtocolRFC 948, 200RFC 950, see SubnetworkingRFC 951, see Bootstrap ProtocolRFC 959, see File Transfer ProtocolRFC editor, 10RFC-Index, 19RFCOMM, see Radio Frequency Communica-

tions ProtocolRG-58, 111Ring Concentrator, 206Ring Error Monitor, 205Ring latency, 220

Ring Parameter Monitor, 205Ring poll process, 202, 205Ring topology, 161RIP, see Routing Information ProtocolRIR, see Regional Internet RegistryRivest, Ronald, 845RJ45 connectors, 114rlogin, 750, 827ROADS, 489Roaming, 261, 262, 330, 432Roberts, Lawrence, 4, 702, 843Robust Network Security, 295Robust Secure Routing Protocol, 374Rollover cable, 114ROM, see Read Only MemoryRoot domain, 675Root server, 682Rooted tree, 342, 366Rotert, Michael, 22, 702, 845Round Trip Time, 257, 607, 627, 813, 826Round-Robin, 191Route Discovery, 374Route maintenance, 376Route reflector, 365Router, 48, 61, 182, 254, 451, 457, 587, 660Router advertisement, 526, 563, 578Router discovery, 563Router renumbering, 570Router solicitation, 526, 563, 578Routing, 36, 53, 61, 340, 451, 587, 660, 832

centralized, 344decentralized, 344dynamic, 344hierarchical, 362hybrid, 376isolated, 344location based, 372mobile, 371mobile Ad-Hoc, 372Multicast/Broadcast, 365proactive methods, 373reactive methods, 373static, 344

Routing algorithms, 340Routing Control Center, 347Routing domain, see Autonomous SystemRouting guidelines, 342Routing Information Protocol, 351Routing metric, 344Routing procedures, 451Routing table, 341, 451RPC, see Remote Procedure CallRSA, 647, 648, 660rsh, 752

898 Index

RSVP, see Resource Reservation ProtocolRTCP, see RTP Control ProtocolRTP, see Real-time Transport ProtocolRTP Control Protocol, 782, 786RTS/CTS procedure, 270RTSP, see Real Time Streaming ProtocolRuntime condition, 174Russell, John Scott, 117, 840RZ, see Return-to-Zero

S/FTP, see Screened Foiled Twisted Pair cableS/PDIF, 86S/UTP, see Screened Unshielded Twisted Pair

cableSAC, see Single Attached ComponentSACK, see TCP Selective AcknowledgementSack, Harald, 847Sacrificial host, 823SAFER+, 317Samba, 740Same order delivery, 592Same position procedure, 427Sampling theorem, 78, 79Sandbox, 836Satellite, 249Satellite broadcasting, 119Satellite communication, 123Satellite networks, 447Scalability, 335Scalable Source Routing, 376Scatternet, 308Scheduling, 51, 139scp, see Secure CopyScrambling, 190SCTP, see Stream Control Transmission

ProtocolSDH, see Synchronous Digital HierarchySDMA, see Space Division Multiple AccessSDP, see Session Description ProtocolSDSL, 430Secondary cabling, 190Secondary ring, 206Secret key encryption, 660Secure Copy, 736Secure File Transfer Protocol, 736Secure Hash Algorithm 1, 536, 647, 648Secure Neighbor Discovery Protocol, 529Secure server network, 823Secure Shell, 736, 752, 827Secure SHell FileSystem, 753Secure Socket Layer, 643Secure subnet, 820Security, 61Security Association, 539

Security management, 755Security Parameter Index, 539Seed, 105Seeder, 808Segments, 604Selective acknowledgement, 622Selective fading, 121Selective flooding, 346Self-clocked signal, 81Self-learning bridge, 182Semantic Web, 8, 27SEND, 38, see Secure Neighbor Discovery

ProtocolSentinel, see Flag byteSequence number, 780Serial Line Interface Protocol, see Serial Line

Internet ProtocolSerial Line Internet Protocol, 140Server, 27, 38, 61, 594, 666, 827Server Message Block, 739Service, 37

secured, 50, 131unsecured, 50, 131

Service Discovery Protocol, 318Service interface, 34, 46Service primitive, 37, 38, 596, 660Service Set Identifier, 274Session Anouncement Protocol, 42Session Description Protocol, 790Session Initiation Protocol, 42, 763Session layer, 41SFD, see Start-of-Frame DelimiterSHA-1, see Secure Hash Algorithm 1Shamir, Adi, 846Shannon, Claude Elwood, 78, 79, 842Shannon-Hartley theorem, 78Shared Key Authentication, 286, 289Shared medium, 402Shared medium switching, 239Shell model, 33, 60SHF, see Centimeter wavesShift keying, see Digital modulation processShort Interframe Space, 268Short Message Service, 432Short wave, 73, 119Shortest path, 348Signal, 66, 128Signal attenuation, 424Signal bundling, see MultiplexingSignal damping, 77, 110Signal distortion, 77, 425Signal level, 67Signal noise, 128, 425Signal parameters, 67

Index 899

Signal runtime, 171Signal Stability Adaptive Protocol, 374Signal transmission, 63Signal unbundling, see DemultiplexingSignal-Noise Ratio, see Signal-to-noise ratioSignal-to-noise ratio, 73, 78, 128Signaling, 451SIIT, see Stateless IP/ICMP TranslationSilly Window Syndrome, 629SIM-Card, see Subscriber Identity ModuleSimple Mail Transfer Protocol, 42, 57, 703,

707, 713, 833Simple Network Management Protocol, 57,

754, 764, 827Simple Network Time Protocol, 815Simplex, 257Single Attached Component, 212Sink tree, see Rooted tree, 350SIP, see Session Initiation ProtocolSiren, 126Skeleton, 744SKEME, 549Sky wave, 73Skywave propagation, 128SLIP, see Serial Line Internet ProtocolSlotted ALOHA, 170, 330Slow Start Algorithm, 631Smart Tags, 122SMB, see Server Message BlockSMDS, 406SMIL, see Synchronized Multimedia

Integration LanguageSmoothed round-trip time, 607SMTP, 827, see Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolSNA, see System Network ArchitectureSNAP, see Subnetworking Access ProtocolSNDMSG, 702Sniffing, 285, 331SNMP, see Simple Network Management

ProtocolAgent, 764Manager, 764

SNMPsec, 765SNR, see Signal-to-noise ratioSNTP, see Simple Network Time ProtocolSocket, 594, 661, 668, 827Soft Handover, 441Solicited-node multicast address, 524Soliton, 117, 128SONET, see Synchronous Optical NetworkSorcerer’s Apprentice Syndrome, 737Source, 151Source Address Table, 251Source independence, 340

Source quench, 560Source router, 346Source-IMP-to-Destination-IMP Protocol, 381Space Division Multiple Access, 96Space multiplexing, 100Space Vector Modulation, 88SPAM, 717SPAM-Filter, 819Spanning tree, 52, 246, 366, 451Spanning Tree Protocol, 52, 143Spectrum, see Electromagnetic spectrumSPF routing, 358Splicing, 118Split horizon algorithm, 354Split-horizon with Poison Reverse, 356Spoofing, 285Spooling, 706Spread spectrum, 128Spread spectrum methods, 102Spreading factor, 108Square-wave signal, 68ssh, see Secure ShellSSH File Transfer Protocol, 736ssh-keyscan, 753SSHFS, see Secure SHell FileSystemSSL, 643ST 2+, see Internet Stream Protocol v2Stand-by, 315Star coupling, 185Star shaped ring, 206Star topology, 162, 190, 260Start-of-Frame Delimiter, 177Stateless Autoconfiguration, see IPv6

AutoconfigurationStateless IP/ICMP Translation, 530Station Long Retry Count, 269Station Short Retry Count, 269Station-to-Station Protocol, 548Statistical multiplexing, 225Store-and-forward, 51, 139Store-and-forward switch, 180, 250, 334Store-and-forward switching, 337, 451STP, see Spanning Tree ProtocolStraight-through cable, 114Stream cipher, 288, 292, 660Stream Control Transmission Protocol, 56, 591Streaming, 778, 827Streaming media, 778Strict Source Routing, 500Structure of Management Information, 764,

768STS, see Station-to-Station ProtocolStub, 744Submillimeter waves, see Terahertz radiation

900 Index

Subnet addressing, 486Subnet mask, 486, 588Subnetting, see Subnet addressingSubnetwork Attachment Point, 156Subnetworking, 588Subnetworking Access Protocol, 140Subscriber Identity Module, 432Super high frequency, see Centimeter wavesSupernetting, 489, 588Supplicant, 297SVC, see Switched Virtual CircuitSW, see Short waveSwitch, 153, 180, 225, 250, 257Switched Ethernet, 189Switched Virtual Circuit, 384, 396Switching Elements, 334Switching fabric, 239Switching hub, see SwitchSwitching matrix, see Crossbar switchSWS, see Silly Window SyndromeSymbolic name, 669Synchronized Multimedia Integration

Language, 791Synchronous Data Hierarchy, 40Synchronous data traffic, 220Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, 99, 395, 414,

451Cross Connect, 415Data packets, 417Layer model, 415

Synchronous Optical Network, 99, 136, 145System Network Architecture, 590System Ports, see Well-known PortSystems Network Architecture, 453

T/TCP, see Transaction TCPTCB, see Transmission Control BlockTCP, 48, 55, 453, 588, 661

Congestion control, 610Connection, 596Connection management, 615Connection termination, 613Ports, 595Retransmission, 605Segment, 604Selective Acknowledgement, 626Virtual connection, 605

TCP connection establishment, 612TCP Retransmission Timer, 627TCP/IP, 5, 9, 48TCP/IP reference model, 130, 832TCP/IP stack, 27, 61TDMA, see Time Division Multiple Access

Telecommunications Network Protocol, 57,746, 827

Telephony Control Protocol Specification –Binary, 318

TeleTask, 792Teleteaching, 792Telnet, see Telecommunications Network

ProtocolOption Negotiation, 748Sub-option negotiation, 749

Telnet Data Mark, 747Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm, 375Temporary Key Integrity Protocol, 295Terahertz radiation, 74Teredo, 533Terminator, 257Ternary line codes, 82Terrestrial broadcasting, 119Tertiary cabling, 190Tesla, Nikola, 107, 841TFTP, see Trivial File Transfer ProtocolThacker, Chuck, 165, 844Thales of Miletus, 70, 839Thermal noise, 77Thickwire, see 10Base5Thinwire, see 10Base2Thread, 667Throughput, 257, 331THSS, see Time Hopping Spread SpectrumThuringian Forest, 116Time Division Duplex, 422, 442Time division method, 427Time Division Multiple Access, 98Time fork method, see Time division methodTime hopping method, see Time Hopping

Spread SpectrumTime Hopping Spread Spectrum, 108Time multiplexing, 98, 105, 427

asynchronous, 99synchronous, 98

Time Protocol, 814Time slot, see Time window, 257Time window, 98Timed Token Protocol, 220Timestamp, 780TLS/SSL record protocol, 656Token beacon process, 221Token Bucket Algorithm, 475Token Bus, 144, 211Token claim process, 221Token Ring, 144, 162, 198, 200

Token Holding Time, 202, 220Token passing, 201

Tomlinson, Ray, 4, 701, 702, 844

Index 901

Top-level domain, 675Topology, 61, 140, 158, 257, 331Total internal reflection, 116Total reflection, 128Traceroute, 564Traditional NAT, see Unidirectional NATTraffic Category, 284Traffic contract, 236Traffic Policing, 793Traffic shaping, 236, 475, 793Trailer, 133, 134Transaction Signature, 693Transaction TCP, 598, 623Transceiver, 183, 209, 257Transfer Identifier, 737Transfersyntax, 743Transformation function, 659Translation bridge, 182Transmission channel, see Transmission

mediumTransmission Control Block, 612Transmission Control Protocol, 41, 55, 61,

603, 616, 664Transmission medium, 43

guided, 43unguided, 43

Transmission Opportunity, 284Transmission range, 81Transmission rate, 67Transmit Power Control, 281Transparent bridge, 182Transport layer, 41, 46, 54Transport Layer Security, 56Transport Relay Translation, 532Transport Service Access Point, 594Transport Service Definition, 41Transverse waves, 71Tree topology, 163Triggered update, 356Triple X, 383Triple-DES, 648, 658Triple-Play, 419Trivial File Transfer Protocol, 736, 828TRT, see Transport Relay TranslationTrunk, see Cable bundleTrunk cable, 206Truscott, Tom, 811, 846, 847Trusted Certificate Authorities, 653Trusted hosts, 752TSAP, see Transport Service Access PointTSIG, see Transaction SignatureTSP, see Tunnel Setup ProtocolTTR protocol, 220Tunnel Setup Protocol, 534

Tunneling, 462Turing Award, 48Twice NAT, see Overlapping NATTwisted pair, 43Twisted pair cable, 111, 128

Foiled twisted pair, 112Industrial twisted pair, 113Screened foiled twisted pair, 113Screened unshielded twisted pair, 113Unshielded twisted pair, 112, 185

Two-crossing problem, 583Two-way NAT, see Bidirectional NATTyndall, John, 116, 840

UADSL, 430UDP, see Universal Datagram Protocol, 588,

661UDP-Lite, see Lightweight User Datagram

ProtocolUHF, see Decimeter wavesUltra high frequency, see Decimeter wavesUltra short wave, 73, 119Ultra Wide Band, 108Ultraviolet radiation, 74UMich-LDAP, 700UMTS, see Universal Mobile Telecommunica-

tion SystemUMTS auction, 122Unicast router, 367Unicasting, 517, 585, 657Unidirectional NAT, 635Uniform Resource Identifier, 27Uniform Resource Locator, 669, 790, 801Unipolar RZ-coding, 83Universal Datagram Protocol, 55Universal Mobile Telecommunication System,

104, 108, 438, 451Universal Packet Protocol Suite, 48Universal service, 454, 588Universal Terrestrial Radio Access, 441UPPS, see Universal Packet Protocol SuiteUpstream, 201URI, see Uniform Resource IdentifierURL, see Uniform Resource LocatorUsenet, 811User Agent, 703User Datagram Protocol, 41, 599, 664, 761User Network Interface, 228USW, see Ultra short waveUTP, see Unshielded Twisted Pair cableUV, see Ultraviolet radiation

V.42, 426V.90, 425

902 Index

V.92, 426Vampire taps, 184Van Allen Belt, 124VDSL, 431VDSL2, see Very High Bit Rate DSLVeronica, 815Very High Bit Rate DSL, 95Very High Frequency, see Ultra short waveVery Low Frequency, see Low frequency rangeVHF, see Ultra short waveVideo conferences, 779Video on demand, 779Virtual Carrier Sense, 267Virtual Channel, 226Virtual Channel Identifier, 403Virtual connection, 471, 588, 605, 661Virtual LAN, 143, 252Virtual Network Computing, 753Virtual networks, 55, 454Virtual Private Network, 537, 547Virtual Terminal Protocol, 42Visible light, 74Visitor Location Register, 435Viterbi Algorithm, 91VLAN, see virtual LANVLF, see Low frequency rangeVNC, see Virtual Network ComputingVolta, Alessandro, 70, 839

WAIS, see Wide Area Information SystemWAN, see Wide Area NetworkWAP, 432Warchalking, 287Wardialing, 287Wardriving, 287Wave guide, 43Wave impedance, 71Wave resistance, 110Wavelength, 71Wavelength Division Multiple Access,

see Optical Wavelength DivisionMultiplexing

WDMA, see Optical Wavelength DivisionMultiplexing

Weak Attack, 293Web 2.0, 8, 27Web of trust, 728Weber, Wilhelm, 70, 840Weighted fair queuing, 477Weighted Random Early Detection, 473Well-known multicast address, 524Well-known port, 595, 818WEPplus, 295Whittaker, John M., 79

Whois, 815Wi-Fi protected access, 295Wide Area Information System, 815Wide Area Network, 61, 130, 140, 333, 451Wideband channel, see Isochronous channelWiMAX, see Worldwide Interoperability for

Microwave AccessWindow protocols, 609Wired access networks

wired, 423Wired Equivalency Protocol, 286Wireless HART, 328Wireless Interoperability for Microwave

Access, 95, 262, 451Wireless LAN, 104, 122, 146, 263Wireless PAN, 146Wireless Personal Area Network, 108, 305Wireless Regional Area Network, 148Wireless Routing Protocol, 373Wireless USB, 327WirelessUSB, 108Wirepath, 43Witness Aided Routing, 373WKS sampling theorem, see Sampling

theoremWLAN, see Wireless LANWLAN Power Management, 279Working draft, 17World Wide Web, 6, 27, 666World Wide Web Consortium, 17Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave

Access, 147, 417WPA, see Wi-Fi protected accessWPAN, see Wireless Personal Area Network

X-rays, 74X.121, 386X.21, 384X.21bis, 385X.25, 383, 395, 452X.25-PLP, 385X.28, 383X.29, 383X.3, 383X.400, 701, 728, 828X.500, 698X.75, 383X11, 753XAUI, 195XDR, see External Data RepresentationXerox PARC, 48, 164XLink, 24XT, see Crosstalk

Index 903

Yellow cable, see 10Base5Ylonen, Tatu, 753, 847Yovisto.com, 847

Z-Wave, 328Zenneck, Jonathan, 107, 841Zero compression, 518

ZigBee, 108, 155, 321Zigbee Coordinator, 322ZigBee End Device, 321ZigBee Router, 321

Zigzag reflection, 120Zimmerman, Phil, 725, 826, 846Zorn, Werner, 22, 844

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