ab biomagnification final edition yasen,duc,mitev
TRANSCRIPT
Yasen Nikolov, Duc Do
&Petar Mitev
That’s the accumulation of a toxin, or organic compound in organism over time period.
could enter the body through inhalation, food intake, skin etc.
-bioconcentration – specific case of bioaccumulation – through (in a) water
-can be the accumulation of a substance that is not toxic, but the body is taking more of it than it can use up
Accumulation of a substance only through contact with water
Example:
Fish living in a river
fish cannot express the hormones
Pharmaceutical wastes contamination
(such as human hormones)
the body of the fish contains more
hormones than the surrounding water
the increase of the concentration/accumulation of a substance in the body of an organism
the concentration increases as large animals eat many small animals that have that substance (little by little = BIG)
this results a larger concentration of that substance in the body of the larger animal
the substance is often absorbed by the tissue of the organism
Concerns substances that can not be naturally degraded
Usually about substance that are toxic or harmful (Not always)
Difficult to be thrown out of the organism due to weak water-solubility
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin It is herbecide used in the Vietnam War It indirectly afects theDNA It is anti-estrogenic to women and
estrogenic to men It could couse oxidative stress and
endocrine disruption. It was found in Victor Yushchenko who
had 50, 000 times the amount usualy found in human beings.
colorless chemical pesticide, used to eradicate disease-carrying and crop-eating insects
1874 – first isolated in Germany 1939 – first recognized as a potent nerve
poison on insects used heavily in World War II for preinvasion
spraying
In India – reduced malaria from 75 million cases to fewer than 5 million cases in a decade
Crops and livestock sprayed with DDT sometimes as much as doubled their yields
1962 – started growing suspicions that it causes reproductive disfunctions
Some insect pests also gradually developed DDT-resistant strains
1973 – banned in the U.S. except for use in extreme health emergencies
Chemical Properties: Organochloride highly hydrophobic,
colorless, crystalline solid with a weak, chemical odor
nearly insoluble in water but has a good solubility in most organic solvents, fats, and oils
Effects Persistent organic pollutant Strongly absorbed by the soil Quickly absorbed by organisms in aquatic ecosystem Its breakdown products and metabolites, DDE and
DDD, are also highly persistent and have similar chemical and physical properties
DDT, DDE, and DDD magnify through the food chain, with apex predators such as raptor birds concentrating more chemicals than other animals in the same environment
Stored mainly in body fat very resistant to metabolism
Man-made organic compound – chlorinated hydrocarbon
Used in many industrial and commercial application
Toxic to living organisms Specific qualities of the compound made
it very useful in the industry
High thermal and chemical resistance Can’t be broken down through natural
conditions – heating and chemical reactions
The chemical remains in the environment Travel large distances Slightly dissolves in water and be stored
into the sediment Stays in the soil where it can be
consumed by worms
Worms => Small fish => Large fish => Mammals/ Birds
This causes the amount of PCB in the fat of the different organisms to increase
Can cause – aches, rashes, liver damage, anemia, stomach/thyroid glands injury
Weaker immune system and behavioral alternations, reproduction system weakened
Most feared damage – can cause cancer in human beings
October 1968 Epidemic of a disease similar to
chloracne Fukuoka-Ken, Japan Soon after the outbreak – a team
assembled to investigate Cause of the epidemic – contaminated
rice oil Poison = PCB, Disease = Yusho (“Oil
disease”)
Used to extinguish forest fires In production of textile and electronic
devices. In 1999 North American industry used
around 34,000 metric tons of PBDEs. IT is harmful to humans It was found in people all over the world. In 2008 polybrominated diphenyl ethers
were banned because it was found to be bioaccumulated in breast milk. Almost every human on the planet have consumed flame retardants
Radioactive materials
Mercury
Humanity and the top of the food chain.
Trough the food chain bioconcentration rises.
When eating a predator human can consume bioconcentration of 100kg of plankton in one meal and even more. http://www.cartoonstock.com/lowres/
sea0179l.jpg
That means that the biggest victim of the pollution is us.
Barbalace, Roberta C. “The Chemistry of Polychlorinated Biphenyls.” Еnvironmental Цhemistry. J.K. Barbalace, inc., 2010. Web. 14 June 2010. <http://environmentalchemistry.com/// pcb.html>.
Masanori Kuratsune, et al. “Epidemiologic Study on Yusho, a Poisoning Caused by Ingestion of Rice Oil Contaminated with a Commercial Brand of Polychlorinated Biphenyls*.” National Center for Biotechnology Information . N.p., Apr. 1972. Web. 14 June 2010. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/// PMC1474867//-0115.pdf>.
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Chemical Structure. N.d. Science Leadership Academy. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 June 2010. <https://sci10bestq3bm.wikispaces.com/silver+class+%2709>.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). Environmental Protection Agency, 7 Apr. 2010. Web. 14 June 2010. <http://www.epa.gov/////.htm>.
"DDT." Microsoft® Student 2009 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2008.