56 METHODS OF SAMPLING A N D TESTING

5 3 The maxlmurn load m pounds force (W) shall bc reported as the breaklng strength

mandrel 6 1 Grasp~ng the loose end of the w m ~n

METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING

~i Standard Method of

Sampling Bituminous Materials

AASHTO DESIGNATION. T40-78 (1982)

I , SCOPE

1.1 Thrs method appl~es ro the samplrng of lrqurd. sern~.sol~d, or sol~d b~rumrnous matmals at the pornt of manufacture. supply terrnrnal. or at the pomt of sh~pment dellvery

12 Samples may be taken from tanks. stockpila. vehtclcs. or contamen u d for the storage or shlpprng of brtum~nous matenals

2. PURPOSE

2J Sampltng 1s as rrnportunt as tedrng. and every prccautron shall b taken to obca~n sample that w11I show the true nature and conditron of the matenals

23 Ssmplamay be t a k a by methods to bedacnbed heremafter forather of the following two P"'POxr

23.1 To represent as nearly as pcss~ble an average of the bulk of the mrtmal sampled or 2.2.2 To asccrtatn the maxtmum vanatron In charactenstrcs wh~ch the matmal possesses

3. S U E OF SAMPLES

3.1 Tlre sample srze of I~quid materials shall be as follows 3.1.l For rounne l a b t o r y exammanon not less than 1 qt (1 Itter) (ernuls~ons. 1 gal or 4

fmrs) 3.1.2 From bulk storage, 1 q t (1 h e r ) for each samphng valve. 3.13 From barrek or drums. 1 qt ( I I~ter) 33 Tbe sample sue of sern~sohd or mhd matenals shall be as foIIows 33.1 From barrels. drums. or cakes. 2 to 3 Ib ( l kg). 3 3 3 From crushed or pawdercd matennl In bulk or bags. 2 to 3 Ibs (1 kg)

4.1 Types o f Contr~ncn 4.1.1 Contatncrs for lrquld brtumtnous matenal s m p h . except emulsrons. shall be double

fnct~on-top cans, square cans wtth screw tops, orsmall mouth cans w ~ t h screw caps. 4.13 Contatncn for anlontc emulsrficd asphalt s m p i a shall be wtdcmouth jars or bottles

made of glass or plrstv. 4.1 3 Contarnen lor cat~ontc emuis~fikd asphalt sarnplm shall be w~demouth Ian or bottles made

dplasttc or a~dcmouth cans wrth sncr* caps. NCm I - Widomauth lus a b a t e s m& af glur my bc parmitad it pmtau u p n c u x h o dmm t k m lo be StUfnRoty

4 6 SIXC of Contamers 43.1 The sltc of the contmncr shall correspond to the rcqu~red amount of sample

5.l Sample contamen shdl be new They shall not be washed or mrrd, or mptd wath o ~ l p cloth If they contatn ev~dtnceof solder flux. or rf they arc not clean and dry, they shdl not be used. Top and rontatner shall fit togaher tightly.

5 2 Careshall be taken to prevent the sample from becomrng contammated lmmed~ately after ttlllng, the contatners shall be tightly and posttrvely sealed

5 3 The f~lled samp!e contarncr shall not be submerged In solvent, nor shall it be wtptd wrth a solvent saturated cloth If cleanrng IS necessary use a clean dry cloth

5.4 Samples of emuls~on shatl be protected from freertng by correct packaging 5.5 Transferring samples from one contalner to another shall be avorded ~f posstble, as

charactensttcs of materrais could be altered dunng transfer. and there n a poss~b~lrty of contamination 5.6 lmmedlately after fill~ng. sealrng and cleanrng (paragraph 5 3, the samplrng contatnen

shall be properly marked for ~dentrficatron wtth a surtable marktng pencrl on the contatner rtself, not on the Itd. h e n tags also may be used for identficatlon tf they can be securely fastened to the containers In such a manner as to Insure that they wtll not be lost in transtt Linen tags shall nM be attached tocontalnen by uang the lids to secure them

6 SAMPLING AT PLACE OF MANUFACTURE

6.1 Samphng L~qutd Matenalsor Materials Made L~qurd by Hcat~ng 6.1.1 From Bulk Storage Tanks Not Equ~ppcd with Mechantcal Agttators

NOTS 2 -During samplm~ by any of the rnethodr descnbcd 111 fill~ng rnleu and dwharge outlets of the a n k shakt bc dacd

Samples shall beobtatned by one of the thmfollowmg methods 6.1.1.l Tank Top Method-Usmg valves or taps at top, middle, and lower lacatrons of the tank

draw a I qt to I gal (I lo 4 I~tersl sample from each after cleanng by drawtng and dtscatdtng a minimum of 1 gal (4 Itten) of thcmaterral

6.1.1.2 Thtef Sampler Method (nor surrnbh for asphalt cemrnrs) - Samples shall be taken at top. middle. and lower levels of the tank by lowenng a T h ~ e t bampler Into the matenal. A satrsfactory type wlth Instructtons for use a shown tn Ftg. 1

Nat t 3 -The I h e f Sampler deo-tbcd In f i g 1 may be uwd tor reptnuue m p h n g b e u u l c s ~ g n ~ d s n ~ vmplc eclnamlnatlon by pmnmr mnrmtr tr avoldd by the xlf.clcmn8 artron provided by the puwge of matcnal through the tube whtth m open at bolh ends The pnctrc of t r s q and l w c n l y the -pkr 3 or 4 t l m a thrcqh a dtsrrnce of swual feet of the sampl~ng depth 15 rcamrnendd

6.1.1 3 Throw-away Concaner Method -Samples shall be taken at top, rnrddle. and lower levels of the tank by lowenng a surtable we~ghtcd holding device Into the material. A sat~sfactory type with ~nstructtons for use IS shown In f ig 2 The essenbal feature of the method IS to use a clean contalner each tlme a sample IS taken from the tank, pourmg the sample tnto another clean contamer and ihrowrng away the contarner used in samplsng

6.1.1.4 The three samples from bulk storage tanks may be tested separately for consrstency to detect strattficatton. or they may be combtncd. thoroughly mtxed and a I qt to I gal (1 to 4 Irtersl sample taken for other tests as may be requrrd for determmng average charactertstrcs of the matenal

6.1.2 From Bulk Storage Tanks Equrppcd wath Mechantmi Agrrntom -When the tank ts equ~ppcd wrth operatmg mechantcal agrtators w h ~ h . by observation through the sampltng or observat~on hatch, are performtng adequate mrxrng of the tank contents, a single sample taken by methdsdcscrrbed !n 6 1 1 1.6 1 1 2. or 4 1 1 3 wrll be sattstactory to use tor test purposa

7. SAMPLING FROM TANK CARS, TANK TRUCKS, DISTRIBUTOR TRUCKS OR RECIRCULATING STORAGE TAMES

7.1 Each delwery vehrcle or dtstrtbutor shall be q u ~ p p e d wrth a samplrng valve srrn~lor In de- stgn to thoseshown tn f ig 3 It shall be tnstalled at least one h o t (0 3 m) from the shell and shall be clearly labeled as a "Sampltng Valve" Before the sample is taken from the sample valve a mjntmum of I gal (4 Ilters) shall be drawn from the sample valve and dtscarded.

73 When pcrm~tted by the purchaser. the followrng methods may be used to obtatn npmmtattve samples

73.1 Samples of Ilqutd rnsterrals and matenals made ltqurd by heattng may be taken by the dtp method usrng a clean small-mouth or ffrtctton-ton can rn a sultable hotder as shown m Frg 4 A clean contamer must be used to take each sumpie. and the mntenal sampled shall then be transferred to another new and ckan container for rctentlon or sample testrng

713 A detachable fittrng, s r m h r tn dcs~gn to the oneshown In Fig 5 shall be tnscrterl tn the drscharge hne Before the sample IS taken 1 gal (4 Irterd shall be drawn from thrs samplrng valve and d~scardcd

F w I-Thd Sampler

Norr-Thn t m ramder Ir l e w d lnro the rank wth #he blrom valve oven l t h m s no loo clmuret Whtn ihc dalrcd drprh rr

8. SAMPLING FROM TANKERS AND BARGES

8.1 For Iiqud marcrrals tncludrng all cutbacks made lrquid by hcatrng, top rnrddle and lower samples shall be taken usrng the methods as dcscnbcd tn 6 1 2

8.2 For at1 other matenals made ltqu~d by heatrng, a top sample only shalt be takcn by the dlp. thtef, or throw-away contarncr method

9 SAMPLING FROM PIPE LINES DURING LOADING OR UNLOADING

9.1 When tankers and barges are bang toaded or unloaded samples may conveniently be taken from the ptpe Itne through whtch the materral 1s flowrng by msertron of a sampltng devrce (Fig 5) Into a rrstng section of the ptpe lrne on the discharge srde of the pump or In a completely filled Irne m whlch gravlty creates the matenals flow The samplrng devrce should be turned to face the flow of the Itquid This devtce shall be provtdKi wtth a vaive or plug cock and shall dmcharge tnto a sample rccerver At least three 1 gal (4 Irter) samples shall be taken at untform rntervals throughout the enttrc IoPdtng ar unloadtng At the completion of the loadtng or unloading, the rndrvrdual1 gal (4 lrted sampln shall be mmbrned. thoroughly mtxed wtthout altenng rts charactenstrcs. and a 1 gal (4 Irter) sample taken therefrom

9 1 When sampl~ng tankers and barges 25,000 bbi , or less, capoetty, at least five 1 gal (4 ltterl samples shall be taken at untform intervals throughout the enrrre loading or unloading (25.000 bbl or larger. capacity q u l m at least ten 1 gai (4 ltterl samples) At completton of the loadrng or untoadrng the ~ndtvtdual 1 gal (4 Itter) samples shall be combtned, thoroughty m~xcd In a manner dcsrgmd to not alter tts characterrst~cs, and a 1 gal (4 Ilter) sample taken therefrom

FIG 3 -Typ~cal Submerged Asphalt Samphng Dcv~ccs

Pulled hole to

Valve Inlet Pipe to be not less than l2Ii-/,

beruecn rear rmk head 6 rear jacket head A

--

from any tankstifface./

Well can b e positioned - for variable distance

with Sheet Ihtal screw

Typical section view of valve

( 3 1 4 bronze angle)'

METHODS OF SAMPLING A N D T ESTING T40

FIG. 4.-Dip Sampler.

10. SAMPtMG FROM DRUMS OR BARRELS

10.l After thorough mlxlng, samples of Ilquld blturnlnous materral from barrels or drums shall bc secured by Tube or Thref Samplmg by taking 1 qt (1 hter) of matenaI from packages selcctcd at random accord~ng to Sampllng Sem~soltd or Uncrushcd Solrd Materrais

1 1. SAMPLING SEMISOLID OR WNCRUSHED SOLJD MATERIALS

11.1 Drums. Barn&, Cartom. and Bags-Where the lot of matmal to be sampled IS obv~ously horn a single run or batch of the producer, oncpackagc shall be selected at random and sampled as described below Where the lot of matenal to be sampled a not obvrouzly from a srngle run or batch of the praducer, or where the s~ngle sample selected as described above fads on test to conform to the rcqulrements of the spec~flcat~ons, a number of packages shall be selected at random qu~valen t to the cube root of the total number of packaga m the lot The followmg table a gtven showmg the number of samples to be selected for sh~pments of vanous srzes

Samples shall be taken from at least 3 In (76 mm) below the surface and at feast 3 In (76 mm) from the s ~ d c of the contamer A clean hatchet may be used d the mater~al s hard enough to shatter and a broad. s t~f f putty kn~fe d the matenal IS soft When more than one package tn a tot IS sampled each

METHODS OF. SAMPLING AND TESTING

METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING r‘40

rndivtdual sample shall be not less than 1/4 Ib (1 15 gl In we~ght. When the lot of mater~al rs obviously from a s~ngle run or batch of the ptoducer, d samples from the lot shall be melted and thoroughly rn~xed, and an avmgc I gal (4 ltter)sampte taken from the combined matenal tor examma@;on In case more than a s~ngle run or batch of the pmdum IS present and the batches can be clearly differentiated. a composite 1 gal (4 liter) sample shdl be prop& for examination from each batch. Where it IS not porstble to d~ffcmnt~ate between the various batches. each sampk shall be examined separately

12. SAMPLING CRUSHED OR POWDERED MATERIALS

12.1 Buik Storage.-Soid brtuminws materials in crushed tragments or powder shall be sampled in itccordancc with the ASTM D 346. Szmphng Coke for Andysa. The gross sample shail be not less than SO Ib (25 kg). from wh~ch shall beselected the 2 to 3 lb (1 kg) sample for test.

122 Dmms. Bamk. Bugs, Cartons -Where the crushed or powdered mat& a In barrels. drums, or bra, a number of packages shall be selected at'nndom m dcrcnbed In I1 1. Samptlng Semisolid or Uncrushcd Solid Materials. A sample at least 1 1/2 Ib (0.7 kg) In we~ght shall be selelectcd fmm near the center of each contatner to pefd a gross sample weighrag not less than SO Ib (25 kg) from wh~ch the 2 to 3 Ib(approx 1 kg) sample for test shalt be sctccted as prescfibed In the ASTM D 346

133 Sampling of brtumrntlus matmais shall be done as soon as pract~ceble after the b~turn~nous matend has mvcd at plant s~te, storage site, or job datrnation or at the time of unlord1nu

133 The rrquued number of sampla shall be taken from each delivery of b~tummous ma ted . In the case of s d delivery umts wch as dlsmbutom, the samples s h d be taken to repracnt s maxi- mum of 10,000 pal (37,800 I i t d .

133 S u n p h g shall be done k one of the t h m follmng methods 133t In pceordum wttn Sstlon 6. Sampling at P t u r ~ of Manufacture. 1333 By bleeding thraugh a sample d v a or tap m the tmasfkr line during the unloadrng of the

appmxlmatc middle-third of the had. or 1333 By meam of a sampling device ~ ~ w r t c d to a Itvel of approximately the mrddfe-third of the

I d or tank. a'1g. 3) 134 Tests for matcnd acceptability shall be made on one of the sampIm taken. The other

m p l a on to be rcmned for confirmatcon in the event the ffrst smpfe tested should fuI to comply anth rqu1maents

145 BCCSIUC of t k rmmmus t y p rad grsdas of bituminous matrmlatrmlatlyt M dtt$mtely sh~ppsd and stored In the same or a h i l u contaurers, the opportunit)' foF contunkphg there contain- a !nth residues. prccip~tahr, clern~ng solvents. is ever present. Numerous o p p p d t f c r aim enot for obtun~ng samples wh~ch arc nat strictly representative of the matand or ua contuniaatal aftcr mmwal. Thmfore d la incumbent upon the producer, transporter, user, ud sampler, to excruse continuous precaution tn the sampllng and handl~ng of these maten&.

- - - - ...-

Standard Method of Testfir 4

Preformed Exp.nsion Jaht PWer for Concrete /

These methoda cover the foliowmg ta ts

f

abswptron computed

3. Bxmnmws

a, 5.1 In the case of cork, sponge rubber and cork rubber. explmKn jomt flll only fbw

m e n for a shall be cut fro. each -do. Each test spsccmen h.U be Imhly u d L i v cut <, \..