AADHAR CARD

Nature of card1. A unique identification to the citizen of India

Issuing authority1. UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India)

Nature of the card1. Unique biometric identification of the citizens of India for all purposes irrespective of age

from 2 years onwards within the territory of the country

Procedure1. Allocation of different enrollment centers for specific localities 2. Collection of registration form online or in person from the centre3. Submission of duly filled registration form along with relevant documents of residential

proof and identity online or in person4. On the verification of collected data, allotment of serial no. given for collection of biometric

information of the applicant5. Photography of eyeballs, face, ten finger prints with palm6. Assimilation and further verification of collected data into the form of a card and finally

mailed to the applicant by the issuing authority in the name of aadhar card

Present use and prospects 1. Unique identification of the citizens of India for all purposes irrespective of age from 2

years onwards within the territory of the country storing an individual’s personal data ingovt data base & it is easily accessible through downloading anywhere and any moment andso no fear of losing original copy

2. Fast becoming govt’s base for public welfare and citizen services

3. To be used as a proof of identity, address and age

4. Availing the fruits of different govt welfare schemes

5. To speed up govt and bureaucratic processes like acquisition of passport, opening bankaccounts, digital life certificate, availing Jan Dhan Yojona, disbursing provident fund etc.

6. Used to monitoring & controlling corruption

ADVERTISEMENTIntroduction

2. Purpose of advertisementa. to launch and campaign product ideasb. a wide range of advertisement with the expansion of education and technologyc. stronger influence on people especially young generation leading to raising the

question that how far the advertisements are responsible for misguiding the younggeneration

Impact on younger generation2. Demanding nature3. Demanding nature creates tension and loss of peace4. temptations towards commodities advertised widely making them materialistic5. Young people very often found getting involved in different crimes in order to fulfill their

demands 6. To attract them very often advertisers are found to advertise their commodities in unnatural

and unrealistic ways and young fellows specially adolescents without having enoughmaturity try to copy them in the real life and very often face tragedies spoiling their own lifeand the harmony of their family and society

Causes2. Lack of moral responsibilities in the advertisers3. Parents and other elders failed to impart the value oriented education to their children right

from the beginning of their life because of their own materialistic life style4. Emerging of new things every moment

Remedial measures7. Different laws already implemented to control the unnatural and unrealistic display of

advertisements; for example- giving a note of caution for adventurous advertisements8. People to follow the laws honestly and sincerely keeping view of the strong impact of

advertisements9. Educating the tender minds with life skills10. Advertisers need to be aware of their social responsibility

Beauty Contest is an insult to dignity of women (for)I am strongly convinced of the statement that Beauty contest is an insult to a woman. There is nodenying fact that beauty is an excellence gifted by nature but, my objection is to the process ofconducting such contests which in reality cater the base instincts, provoke vulgarity and promoteunhealthy competitions among the contestants. That is why the question of sanctity and proprietyof conducting such contests has been in the air since its launching. Respected judges and my learned friends, do you think the parameters taken up to judge thequality of beauty is realistic? How can exceptional thinness be considered as a quality of beautypageants? For, it is universally accepted that what is balanced is beautiful. Unfortunately,advocates for beauty contests for women argue very often that a combined beauty of appearance,intellect and values is explored and exposed through these contests. But, how can answering toone or two questions give an idea of one’s intellect and values. In fact, it is nothing but an eyewash to misguide the common people in general. Again, some of the costume rounds of thesecompetitions are inappropriate and superfluous. It is understandable that a swimsuit is essentiallyrequired for swimming pool but, definitely not required on the stage of public arena. Is it not anindirect outrage of a woman’s dignity? Besides, there are frequent evidences of hurting local,cultural and religious sentiments by these sorts of competitions. The strong demonstrationexhibited in Nigeria can be referred in this context. For, some of the parameters chosen for acontest to be held there are found to ignore grossly the religious sentiment of the local people.Beauty Pageants like Reita Faria Powell, Mehr Jesia ,Susmita Sen, Aishrya Rai, Diya Mirza, PriyankaChopra, the recent Manushi Chhillar and many more like them are no doubt women of greatsubstances but can it assure that they portray completely the spirit of women of their respectivecountries because many of them have little touch with the common folk of their own soil. Forrightly says Abraham Lincoln "common looking people are the best in the world; that is the reasonthe lord makes so many of them." Respected elders and my dear friends, Beauty of women is in amother taking pain smilingly for the well being of her family, Beauty is there in the womanchallenging unhesitatingly the mystery of space, Beauty is there in the woman sacrificing everycomforts for the sake of the weak & the downtrodden. the essence of beauty cannot be evolved &judged on any artificial stage as it is very much rooted to the soil & so any such beauty contestbeing away from the soil is a shallow derogatory insult to womanhood."Beauty Contest is an insult to Woman." (Against)I am sorry to say those who consider Beauty contest is an insult to a women, they neitherunderstand the real concept of Beauty nor have capacity to feel the spirit of womanhood. For,beauty is an excellence gifted by nature and since, woman is one of the most excellent gifts thatnature cerates, so definitely creates her with immense beauty and contest is a means to appreciateany kind of excellence. Then, how will beauty contest be an insult to a woman?For the kind information to my friends strongly against Beauty contest, I must say that Beautycontests are held not for women only there are several Beauty Contests for men under differenttitles like Mr. World Competition, Megamodel Manhunt, Mr. Universe etc. then why do theyconsider it an insult to a woman only? doesn't it smell a foul intention to suppress the qualities ofwomen?Moreover, these contests are not conducted with shallow parameters and through easy goingrounds. the beauty contests like Miss Universe, Miss World, Miss International, Miss Earth andeven Mrs World are all multidimensional and are selected on the basis of the contestant's physicalappearance, personality, presentation, talent and human values so that they can represent trulytheir nation's spirit. are not all these factors essential to evoke an aura of true beauty? Then howcan it be an insult to a woman? again, i strongly counter the view of considering some of the costume rounds vulgar andprovocative. for, when an idol is placed before us its overall impact is appreciated, parts are not

considered separately. hence, beauty of a woman who symbolises Nature, should be appreciatedas a whole not by parts. Besides, every occasion or place has its own concept of attire and so, asensible individual should not be expected in formal costume in a swimming pool. here in lies theappropriateness of conducting the swimsuit round perhaps to judge how a woman can gracefullycarry a swimsuit protecting her dignity and identity. for, "the sense of being well dressed gives afeeling of tranquility" (Ralph Emerson) vulgarity lies in the eyes of beholders not in the beautycontests of women.Honoured judges, i am confirmed that my learned friends vehemently against these contests mustbe prejudiced otherwise they would not have failed to appreciate them in terms of global culturaland economical interaction. Very often beauty pageants are associated with different social,cultural and economical events and campaigns. How dare one think Beauty Pageants like MissUniverse, Miss World, Miss India to be so ignorant and shallow to let themselves be vulgarly used?rather the very platform projects the beauty of womanhood before the world. Hence, it cannot bean insult to any woman.

Beauty Contest is an insult to dignity of women (for)I am strongly convinced of the statement that Beauty contest is an insult to a woman. There is nodenying fact that beauty is an excellence gifted by nature but, my objection is to the process ofconducting such contests which in reality cater the base instincts, provoke vulgarity and promoteunhealthy competitions among the contestants. That is why the question of sanctity and proprietyof conducting such contests has been in the air since its launching. Respected judges and my learned friends, do you think the parameters taken up to judge thequality of beauty is realistic? How can exceptional thinness be considered as a quality of beautypageants? For, it is universally accepted that what is balanced is beautiful. Unfortunately,advocates for beauty contests for women argue very often that a combined beauty of appearance,intellect and values is explored and exposed through these contests. But, how can answering toone or two questions give an idea of one’s intellect and values. In fact, it is nothing but an eyewash to misguide the common people in general. Again, some of the costume rounds of thesecompetitions are inappropriate and superfluous. It is understandable that a swimsuit is essentiallyrequired for swimming pool but, definitely not required on the stage of public arena. Is it not anindirect outrage of a woman’s dignity? Besides, there are frequent evidences of hurting local,cultural and religious sentiments by these sorts of competitions. The strong demonstrationexhibited in Nigeria can be referred in this context. For, some of the parameters chosen for acontest to be held there are found to ignore grossly the religious sentiment of the local people.Beauty Pageants like Reita Faria Powell, Mehr Jesia ,Susmita Sen, Aishrya Rai, Diya Mirza, PriyankaChopra, the recent Manushi Chhillar and many more like them are no doubt women of greatsubstances but can it assure that they portray completely the spirit of women of their respectivecountries because many of them have little touch with the common folk of their own soil. Forrightly says Abraham Lincoln "common looking people are the best in the world; that is the reasonthe lord makes so many of them." Respected elders and my dear friends, Beauty of women is in amother taking pain smilingly for the well being of her family, Beauty is there in the womanchallenging unhesitatingly the mystery of space, Beauty is there in the woman sacrificing everycomforts for the sake of the weak & the downtrodden. the essence of beauty cannot be evolved &judged on any artificial stage as it is very much rooted to the soil & so any such beauty contestbeing away from the soil is a shallow derogatory insult to womanhood."Beauty Contest is an insult to Woman." (Against)I am sorry to say those who consider Beauty contest is an insult to a women, they neitherunderstand the real concept of Beauty nor have capacity to feel the spirit of womanhood. For,beauty is an excellence gifted by nature and since, woman is one of the most excellent gifts thatnature cerates, so definitely creates her with immense beauty and contest is a means to appreciateany kind of excellence. Then, how will beauty contest be an insult to a woman?For the kind information to my friends strongly against Beauty contest, I must say that Beautycontests are held not for women only there are several Beauty Contests for men under differenttitles like Mr. World Competition, Megamodel Manhunt, Mr. Universe etc. then why do theyconsider it an insult to a woman only? doesn't it smell a foul intention to suppress the qualities ofwomen?Moreover, these contests are not conducted with shallow parameters and through easy goingrounds. the beauty contests like Miss Universe, Miss World, Miss International, Miss Earth andeven Mrs World are all multidimensional and are selected on the basis of the contestant's physicalappearance, personality, presentation, talent and human values so that they can represent trulytheir nation's spirit. are not all these factors essential to evoke an aura of true beauty? Then howcan it be an insult to a woman? again, i strongly counter the view of considering some of the costume rounds vulgar andprovocative. for, when an idol is placed before us its overall impact is appreciated, parts are not

considered separately. hence, beauty of a woman who symbolises Nature, should be appreciatedas a whole not by parts. Besides, every occasion or place has its own concept of attire and so, asensible individual should not be expected in formal costume in a swimming pool. here in lies theappropriateness of conducting the swimsuit round perhaps to judge how a woman can gracefullycarry a swimsuit protecting her dignity and identity. for, "the sense of being well dressed gives afeeling of tranquility" (Ralph Emerson) vulgarity lies in the eyes of beholders not in the beautycontests of women.Honoured judges, i am confirmed that my learned friends vehemently against these contests mustbe prejudiced otherwise they would not have failed to appreciate them in terms of global culturaland economical interaction. Very often beauty pageants are associated with different social,cultural and economical events and campaigns. How dare one think Beauty Pageants like MissUniverse, Miss World, Miss India to be so ignorant and shallow to let themselves be vulgarly used?rather the very platform projects the beauty of womanhood before the world. Hence, it cannot bean insult to any woman.

BOOK READINGAim and objective of promoting book reading by CBSE

3. To develop concentration patience and quality spending time among children

Initiative taken by CBSE

7. Facility of library to be essential for affiliation8. A remarkable portion of reading activity especially for junior classes advised to school to

develop reading and understanding skill9. Introduction of novel along with literature in secondary and senior secondary level to make

children familiar with the colour of literary world and thereby develop skill for thinking andenrichment of undivided attention and power of critical analysis

Initiative taken by schools5. Implementation of policies made by CBSE and other boards in school curriculum keeping in

view of promotion of book reading habit6. Provision of maximum utilization of school library right from the junior sections of school7. Story telling sessions in junior and watching movies in school auditorium to be used as

indirect means of reading habit development8. Practice of giving books as prizes on different occasions in schools to develop attachment

towards books

Impact of reading11. A qualitative way of spending leisure12. Expansion of imagination and creativity13. Enrichment of vocabulary, language and communication14. Preventing loneliness15. A natural way of imbibing values from literary world

BRAIN DRAINIntroduction

4. Massive migration of intellectuals comprising technocrats, medical practitioners especiallydoctors and skilled nurses, scientists, educationists to other countries

Present scenario/ Causes10. Occurrence of brain drain leading to gap created in the process of growth of the nation

because of increasing migration of brain of our country to some foreign lands affectingqualitative aspect of growth

11. wastage of national resources used to make an intellectual and skilled individuals andprofessionals

12. skilled technocrats and intellectuals from abroad to be hired on high wages to meetemergency situations or execute different developmental programmes

13. ,expenses increased14. passion for serving the nation with the knowledge obtained through higher education

getting diminished

Factors9. The temptation of high remuneration offered in abroad including other packages in

comparison to moderate pay package in the country10. Better work condition in abroad 11. Administrative paraphernalia (chain of difficulties) and frequent political interventions 12. Temptation of modern facilities and comforts in everyday living13. Better education and job prospect of children

Steps being taken16. Periphery of functioning of Employment Exchange getting modified keeping view of

employments of educated young ones17. An amount of stipend to be given to educated unemployed for a certain period of time18. Different self employment schemes especially for educated youth being formulated and

implemented by the Ministry of Human Resources with the assistance of different banks19. The practice of signing bond to serve the govt already being followed in some fields

(medical profession)20. Govt’s assurance of hassle free work environment

CAPITAL PUNISHMENTMeaning

5. Punishment of death by judiciary6. Different forms of capital punishment- use of electric shock, poisonous gas, lethal injection,

hanging till death7. Raising questions regarding right to end one’s life

Advocates for capital punishment15. Given in the worst case to those convicted of unprovoked murders, homicides , terrorism,

communal violence etc.16. Against those having no chances to improve and thereby, considered a threat to society as

well as humanity.17. To ensure protection of life in general setting precedence the consequences of such types of

crimes.18. The punishment given in rare cases through a long process taking all precautions of not

victimizing any offender having chance to be reformed .

Opinion against capital punishment14. Birth and death being very much natural guided by law of nature and so capital punishment

to be an attempt to invade nature’s law destroying harmony of nature.15. To protect human life to be primary objective of humanity and so judiciary having no right

to snatch away one’s life.16. Capital punishment itself found to contradict the purpose of establishment of judiciary

system 17. Commonly known as punishment , actually any punishment to be a reform measure to

eliminate the negative traits or behaviours or habits found to be developed in any onepushing him to commit crime and thereby, to help the suppressed positive quality to restoreonce again through given reform measures .

18. With capital punishment no chance of reform to be given for rectifying such negativebehavior and thereby going against the purpose of judiciary.

Being a very sensitive issue 21. Capital punishment demanding a thorough discussion , observation and analysis to go for

any particular decision regarding the future of capital punishment.22. Any decision in this field to demand keeping view of the value of individual as well as

collective life23. judiciary to be considered as an instrument of threat to life .

CAREER COUNSELLING PROGRAMMES BADLY NEEDED FOR THE INCREASINGCOMPLICATED AND CHANGING SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL SITUATIONSSociety of modern age is highly complicated and its ever increasing needs can only be satisfied withspecialized knowledge. This has created a variety of new openings for the young generation andhence, now apart from trying to take up different conventional professions, a man can try differentbranches of those conventional occupations (examples). Here in lies the utmost importance ofcareer counseling especially to the adolescents who are on the threshold of choosing their career.However, the choice of the right profession is clearly missing in our society and thereby the countrysuffers from a huge amount of national resources as well as human potentials. In fact, the choice ofright career in the varied ranges has become very difficult especially in a country like India wherethere is little facility of counseling and guidance-Factors responsible

19. Traditional theoretical education system tab the aptitude and ability of the individual child20. Ignorance of parents to understand the gift of their children provided by nature, culminating

career often chosen under parental pressure21. lack of counseling in schools except some flourishing schools with big fund22. parental pressure23. peer pressure

Impact8. Wrong choice failing to obtain expected career foundation -- loss of energy – loss of

potentials9. Frustration ---- Psychological disorders, depressions--- large number of cases of suicides ---

aggressive attitudes ---involvement in anti social activity

10. As a whole, individual potentials lost, family disturbed, society disturbed and growth ofcountry disturbed

11. Burden of educated unemployment

Remedial steps19. NGO’s coming forward for cause of career counseling20. Different camps being organized to give exposure to children of ordinary families 21. Theoretical school curriculum and conventional pedagogy being replaced with application

and skill based teaching learning activities to catch the aptitude and ability of childrenindividually

22. Ranges of choices at secondary and senior secondary level to be enhanced23. Counseling faculty to be mandatory to every educational set up especially for middle,

secondary and senior secondary schools

24. Time to time counseling by outside faculty to be provided

25. Parents counseling needed

CLONING ETHICAL

0INTRODUCTION12. Cloning- one of the most challenging wonders brought about by science13. Revolutionizing the law of nature by exploring the scope to produce duplicate of any living

creatures including human beings14. But at the same time fear arising out of this invention and question of ethics being discussed

widely

Arguments against cloninga. against the law of nature violating the uniqueness in the natureb. Cloning to increase abruptly the number of individuals artificially and thereby to

affect the state of equilibrium of society affecting the natural growth process of thehuman civilisation

c. cloning having the tendency to be misused by the hands of the vested interest in theact of violence, terrorism and any kind of anti-social activities, thereby, safety andsecurity of human life to be under threat

Arguments in favour of cloning 1. to be used for the treatment of deadly diseases cancer, AIDS, polio etc 2. precious qualities of particular individual having scope to be preserved through hiscloning 3. Process of ageing to be regulated4. Fear of death to be declined5. Life span to be increased

conclusion26. Every invention to have both positive and negative impacts but, the purpose of invention

remaining always for the welfare of human civilization27. The positive aspect of cloning to be used for the welfare of the globe under the custody oflaw for example for the benefit of medical science , for the protection of endangered flora andfauna etc.

CONCEPT OF PATRIOTISMNationalism is usually defined as a sentiment of a group of people united together by powerful tiessuch as common dress, common language, common economy, a common pattern of life, a commonhistory and a common ideal for the future. In fact the concept of nationalism is nowadays becomeso effective that its importance can hardly be minimized in respective of the whole world.However, the force of nationalism began to make its headway at the dawn of modern period withrapid enlightenment in the field of art, literature, science and technology. There was a greatenthusiasm in nation building. Europe in particular witnessed a period of great social, economical,political and scientific progress. But soon this process of peaceful adoration was replaced byunhealthy competition, rivalry and jealousy. Nations became obsessed with superiority andinferiority complexes. Thus, the idea of goodness, decency and live and let live disappear from theminds of developing nations. A trend in empire building began with the result of the first world warin 1914. The second world war was followed closed on the heels of the first and man lost faith inman. there is now an unhealthy race among not only the superpowers but also among the smallernations of the world. There are frictions and hostility among nations because of each nation desiresfor supremacy over its neighbour. As a consequence, this raises the question whether patriotism is anoble virtue if it is viewed in the sense of universal brotherhood.However, it is quite natural that people must have a spontaneous strong attachment to their Motherland and would stand steady to lay down their lives for her if it is needed. Again not to love onescountry is nothing but an example of ingratitude. But this should not blindly make patriotism to be amere national self assertion, a sentimentality of flag cheering with no constructive duties. For, truespirit of patriotism thrives in the sense of duty of the citizens towards their countryThe fact is that we often mix patriotism with mere biased obsession of glorification. ll misleads usinto mere boastfulness. The true patriot respects other countries too because he knows how torespect the spirit of his own- the people of one country must be prepared to learn from othercountries, to help and cooperate them. Then, gradually patriotism gets enriched by the cult ofuniversal brotherhood. A spirit of internationalism can become a reality only by the power of love,truth, non-violence and ability to observe critically and objectively detaching oneself from one’sown cultural, communal and national prejudices. Instead, all races and nationalities should beregarded as one - The Human Race. For, human civilization can survive with global peace andharmony.

CORPORAL PUNISISHMENT in EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONSMeaning

15. Causing pain [ at physical or emotional level] in the name of punishments

--- number of tragic incidents------ raising questions regarding justification to corporalpunishment

Brief description24. Different forms of corporal punishments in schools and colleges----- beating, canning,

thrashing and and other different forms of physical pain given by teachers25. stress to Emotional students ------- humiliation in morning assembly/inside or outside of the

classroom26. Usual reasons for corporal punishment

a. Violation of set norms of schools b. failure of expected academic output because of negligence in studiesc. In case of confrontation among studentsd. Forcing students to satisfy teachers vested interest like attending private tuitionse. Ego clash between teachers and students especially adolescents

Reasons against corporal punishment28. no. of tragic incidents because of cruelty expressed in the form of corporal punishment

causing harms at physical level leading to causing utter depression29. Fear of punishment very often making children away from school causing no. of drop

outs .30. According to them no good things to be learnt naturally in the environment fear.31. Natural curiosity of learning to be affected by the fear of punishment & thereby, natural

growth process getting affected. 32. teachers indulging corporal punishment not able to tap latent potentials

Concluding paragraph24. Overall justification of decision taken in relation to corporal punishment

a. Corporal punishment no longer been an issue only related to schools and colleges b. Periphery covering bringing up of children by parentsc. Already any form of corporal punishment either at school or home or in any place

legally prohibited by Child’s Right Act d. Any adult having responsibility of moulding a child’s life positively expected to be

matured and balanced towards child not to make them retarding instead of growingnaturally

e. Any nominal form of scolding or light slapping having a hidden touch of concernand affection very easily perceived by children and thereby not to be treated ascorporal punishment

f. Legally banning corporal punishment to eliminate violence, aggression and unhealthyhandling of children by vested adults and thereby, justified

Discouraging performance of countries in the field of games & sports

Introductory para

Olympic performance against around 125 countries Reference to medal tally of china and other smallest countries like Cuba leading to raisingquestion on the functioning of Sports Authority of IndiaA brief description of present condition of different sports & games in our country Apart from cricket, sports and games like boxing, wrestling, swimming, sprinting, shooting, andgames like football, tennis, table tennis, basketball, etc. remaining confined within very smallindividual or regional pocketsReference to international ranking in various sportsPure indigenous sports like kho-kho, kabbadi, hockey, losing ground of interest

Factors responsible for this gloomy scenario

Social reluctance towards games in comparison to academicsThe provision of physical education in school and colleges remaining mere formalities instead ofbeing implemented to tap potentials and nurture sports culture in the formative period Career opportunities related to sports activities still very negligible in our country leading to failureof germinating proper environment of professional growthLack of infrastructure and resource persons necessary to tap and nurture sports talent atprofessional level to achieve success at national as well as international levelCorruption, politics, nepotism, failing to push the quality of sports and games towards an optimisticdirectionUnbalanced focus and uneven distribution of resources among different sports and games events----highlighting cricket at every level standing on the way of development of indigenous games andsports in the country and irresponsible coverage of sports news focusing mainly on cricket

Reform measures Initiative being taken to give weightage to sports and games at par with academics throughfocusing on individual aptitude and talent, initiative being taken to bring out a positive change insocial outlook in sports and games making it related to real life condition by exploring no. of careeroptions, for example creating possibilities in different jobs through sports quotaAuthentic sports certificates being considered for additional qualification in higher educationInstructions given to district sports to explore the technique to tap and nurture local sports talent onstate fundFrequent organizing sports events and arrangement of international matches Providing infrastructure of international standardContinuous monitoring and sincere implementation of sports policies urgently required for makingtalents of country free from being victimized by corruptions, nepotism, castism and other evilpracticesMedia and sponsoring agencies to come up with equal enthusiasm to back talents other thancricket personalities

GADGET16. Definition of gadgets

Variety of gadgets being part and parcel of life i.e raising questions on their utility in theirsense

17. A brief description of different types of gadgetsHousehold gadgetsGadgets used in educationGadgets used in communication and other fields

18. Advantages of using these gadgetsa. less time consumingb. lessening physical exhaustionc. availing time for pursuing habit, passiond. leading to creative work/ innovatione. leading to satisfaction and peace of mindf. leading to a constructive hand in nation building

19. Negative effects and impact of gadgetsa. Continuous dependence on gadgetsb. Making man away from the nominal manual work needed for health and self reliance

making man slaves of machines and causing serious health hazardsc. Life getting mechanical without having the considerable human touchd. life getting full of tensions/anxieties in absence or failure of any of the gadgets-----

feeling helpless e. social rivalries on purchase

20. Factors responsible for these negative impacts25. Lack of awareness of how and when to use gadgets26. Getting obsessed with materialistic accumulation27. Decline in values of life

21. Remedial measures1. Effective way of educating people regarding proper use of gadgets through campaigns,

seminars2. Formal basic technical knowledge with basic education to make young generation

enlightened of proper use of technology3. Educating ‘dignity of labour’

HONOUR KILLING

Introduction

1. Pieces of news related to honour killing 1.1 raising questions the justification of killing one’s life in the name of honour of family, clan,society, community, leading to question practice of barbarism and violation of human rights

Brief description of different kinds of honour killings 1. Honour killing at different level 2. Role of Khap panchayat

Factors

1. Orthodox caste--- community feelings 2. Long practice of such tradition without any resistance 3. Patriarchal society to control women empowerment 4. greed of dowry 5. Lack of enlightenment

Remedial measures

4. UN strongly stands against the practice and informing its stand to govt of India5. Different human right bodies opposing the evil practice6. Supreme court’s directive to the state govt especially Punjab, UP, Haryana to take preventive

measures7. High court declaration against the decision of khap council8. An overall bill to ban honour killing9. Need of frequent massive mass enlightenment programme from the grass root level to the

top

IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH EDUCATIONGood health is necessary condition for our purposeful existence in this world. It is rightly said that‘health is wealth’. For, when a person is sick, he feels depressed and miserable and his working

capacity decreases. Hence, the first condition for good health is the absence of sickness anddisease. Here in lies the importance of Health Education. Different factors cause several health hazards. Malnutrition gradually leads to deficiencydiseases and ruins the health . Again, the poor and uneducated people live in unclean andunhygienic surroundings which prepare the grounds for the diseases like malaria, dengue,hepatitis etc. Apart from this, due to lack of proper knowledge many people do not know aboutthings like balanced diet , the best available medical treatment or harmful effect of tobacco anddrinking alcohol . This destroys both health as well as their economic condition.Health Education imparts knowledge to keep good health in a number of ways. It tells us about thebalanced diet which one should take to maintain a sound health according to the demand of hisbody. Moreover, through health education one can get the idea how the mechanism of our bodysystem works, how the various diseases and infections spread through air, water, insects andphysical contacts and about the types of precautions to be taken in the case of communicablediseases. In addition to this, Health Education trains up people to be away from evil addictions likesmoking, drinking or tobacco chewing etc. It also makes one informed about various hospitals,medical care and treatment to enable one to get the right type of medical treatment at the earliest.At the same time it also removes fear regarding surgery and vaccination to ensure good health.One of the most fruitful ways of implementing Health Education Progrmme is the integratedHealth Programmes. The integrated Health Programmes include the considerations of all the issuesrelated to healthy living of the people like medical, social, economical and environmental factors.The foundation of the integrated Health Programme is Community Health Care which is beingprovided across the country by local and district administration. It emphasizes on the provision ofclean driking water, good sewage disposal system, medical aid and vaccination, awarenesscampaign, creating green open spaces and also the supply of nutritious food and milk to poor littlechildren, mothers of new born babies and students of government schools The medical aspect ofthe integrated heath programmes provide vaccines to children , free health check up and free orsubsidised medical aid and information disease curing medicine to all other patients. This alsomakes aware of their social responsibility towards the condition of health and sanitation.

IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT IN LIFE ESPECIALLY INSTUDENT’S LIFESuccess of life depends on proper planning of resources and judicious use of time. If there is noplanning in life, there will be no concrete results of potentials gifted by nature and hard workexerted by individuals. Again, planning means appropriate time schedule to take up differentassignments with specific targets. In fact, chalking out time segments and managing assignmentsare complementary to each other. Without proper knowledge of assignments mere planning oftiming becomes meaningless. Simultaneously, without right use of time, potentials of taking updifferent assignments ultimately may not yield any fruitful result. However, knowledge of management and timing consists of various steps. The first step is todevelop a concrete and small duration planning. Then, the tasks should be organized according totime available. Again, it is observed that some work need intense concentration and so they arerequired to be done at the prime hour of day, others can be done in the rest of the time periodaccording to the priorities. To make the scheduled task to be really fruitful, one has to be self-monitoring and must be in the continuous process of rethinking and revising his approach towardshis assignments. Gradually, thus, one is able to gain a control over one’s planning and management.However, the basic training of management and planning begins at home and then, at school andthe further specialization in this field is found to be nurtured in different management courses runby several Institutes of Management. Children in their preliminary stages of their learning exhibitsome skills of planning and management by observing the same in the behavior and activities oftheir parents and other adult members of their family. Parents should assign the specificresponsibilities to their children as per their age group so that in their efforts to execute, childrenvery naturally develop the skills of application to finding out better options to complete their taskin a given time period with the target of best possible result. The process further gets exposure inschools through different activities, projects and assignments. For a constructive grooming in thisarea school curriculum must include varied ranges of academic and non academic activities.Moreover, there must be a very sensitive board of faculty capable of monitoring the ways and paceof reaching target by the students and providing guidelines time to time.

INCREASING AGGRESSIVE ATTITUDE FOUND IN YOUNG GENERATIONWITH INCREASING POPULARITY OF MEDIA ESPECIALLY ELECTRONICMEDIA

Introduction

In the advancement of science and technology media getting sophisticated enlarging its periphery and power of functioning influence and popularity increasing especially electronic media like computer, internet,

satellite communication etc on the youth gradually pointing at media's responsibility to spread the elements of violence and aggressiveness among the youth

Detailed analysis

increasing involvement of youth in different social activitiesRapid decreasing of quality of tolerance and increasing indulgence of violence to express annoyance, dislikes, hatred, taking revenge, or fulfilling demandQuality of individual lost, peace of life hampered, process of creation disturbed human as well as national resources spoiled

Causes

Information of violence exaggerated and instantly spread through electronic mediaViolent activities/programmes telecast on different electronic media deeply impressionable

on the young mindsYoung people especially the adolescents not having enough maturity to differentiate

between the right and the wrong easily getting influenced of electronic media destructivelyUnhealthy and fast decaying moral values making the youth taking up very easily the path

of violence and aggression in the temptation of profit in a short cut way applying the methodseen or heard in such kind of news/or other programmes

Steps taken

The act related to the use of every scientific inventions to be implemented and followed verysincerely, people involved in different activities to be shown on the electronic media especially

television to take up moral responsibility while chalking out different programmes for differentage groups keeping the vie of its impact on the viewers

Programmes helpful to develop different opinions regarding the important social issues to beshown very frequently involving the youth to take benefits of electronic media and deal any problem in a peaceful wayRight from the beginning the proper knowledge of using technology to be impartedBasic value of life to be inculcated at home and in the educational institution

INCREASING TELECAST OF SO CALLED REALITY SHOWS REFLECTS AOUT AHOLLOW REFLECTION OF OBSCENITY VULGARITY AND OTHER NEGATIVEELEMENTS IN THE SOCIETY

10. IntroductionIncreasing role of media having the capacity to influence the mass especially children andteenagers with growing technological advancement

Increasing number of channels through cable operation revolutionizing impact of televisionon the societyIn the cut throat competitive world increasing involvement of children by almost all thechannels and advertising agencies raising controversies especially in the reality shows,daily soaps and of advertisement involving children very frequently

11. Present scenario of different TV shows Names of reality shows/serials and features Often dressing found to be vulgar

Content often found not to be worthy for a child’s involvement Confrontations and unhealthy attitudes among judges Frequent use of abusing words

Health hazards suffered by children due to long working hours and high work stressAcademics grossly affectedLoss of care free enjoyment of childhoodChildren getting money making machines only

12. Look of advertisementA number of advertisements with their money making policy found to exploit childhood likecommodities often involving children violating the lawMaking children away from real life condition and values Often children getting influenced of advertisements found to try to copy in real life situationand there by inviting serious problems

13. FactorsHard financial condition sometimes found to force parents to engage their children Indifferent TV shows for earning moneyParents sometimes found to fulfill their ambition of becoming famous and rich through theirchildren even at the cost of their childhood

14. ConclusionWith all sincerity and responsibility the Act dealing Right to Children to be implementedand monitored regularlyStern punitive action to be taken against the offender

Massive awareness campaign to be launched to educate and enlighten the society about theimportance of education and rights of children and responsibility of society in this matter

MERCY KILLING or Euthanasia

Introduction33. Example/ incident/ Films like Guzarish - meaning of mercy killing – willingly ending life to

relieve of pain or suffering in case of any terminal disease or vegetative state of existence--raising the controversy

34. Brief description of countries permitting mercy killing legally- Oregon, Washington City ofUSA etc( very few in number)

Types of Euthanasia and brief descriptiona) Voluntary b) Non-voluntary

Arguments placed in support of legal permission of mercy killing27. Every human being having right to live with dignity and in the same way having right to die

with dignity in the case of pathetic health condition due to terminal Illness28. Long terminal illness not only affecting the patient but also the whole family making the

survival a big question

Arguments against mercy killing 28. Not ethical and also against the law of nature29. Having chance to be misused in greed or for satisfying others vested interest30. To be difficult f for the vast countries like India to be vigilant of the genuine case pleading

for mercy killing

Conclusion15. Conditions adopted in other countries for legalizing mercy killing 16. dignity being unique feature of human life having right to ask for a dignified death17. All precautionary measures to be taken into care considering all kinds of pros and cons

before adopting the procedure of euthanasia :Verification of voluntary consent of terminally ill patient/closest family member Proper documentation of the family background

18. Supreme Court’s recent verdict for Govt of India to explore feasibility of passive euthanasiaunder strict vigilance

MUSHROOMING GYMS

Increasing feeling of self consciousness about health and appearance22. Paying attention to health clubs and gyms by common people specially the youngsters

leading to mushrooming gyms

Attraction towards gyms and health clubs 35. To reduce obesity and for regular fitness23. Expectation of a muscular appearance to satisfy the latent male ego by the majority of

youngsters

Impact1. Mushrooming gyms and health clubs to lure or exploit the desire of youngsters and thepocket of rich people often without having a trained instructor, quality apparatus and provisionof checking pre workout health condition - temporary benefit at the cost of permanent loss ofhealth36. Unethical business run by gyms very often in the disguise of their marketed fitness

activities

Remedial measure31. Proper license32. To keep vigil by local administration33. Health education and personality development programme at school level

NEGATIVE IMPACT OF JUNK FOOD ORIMPORTANCE OF HEALTHY FOOD HABITS

Good health is a necessary condition for our purposefully existence in the world. For, when a personfalls sick he feels depressed and miserable and his working capacity decreases and there by , hispotentiality gets affected. But unfortunately, the blind craze for junk food is now one of the mostdangerous factors which are making people unhealthy.Junk food or fast food is one of the common characteristics of our modern way of living. They arevaried in tastes and very promptly available. People nowa days, especially the youngsters easily getattracted towards them for their spicy and mouthwatering tastes. Besides, fast food is used as ameans of saving time as it is readily available in the market and so, very much demanded innuclear family system with working mothers. Unfortunately, man cannot see or ignore the negative effects attached to all these readymade foodproducts while enjoying them. For, junk food is in long run causes a number of diseases which canbe fatal at any moment. Moreover, the growing popularity of junk food makes people away fromtheir traditional healthy food habits and practice of hygienic habits like washing hands, andcleaning the place before taking food . Here in lies the importance of health education. Homemadefood bears human touch and taking them together strengthens the bond between the members of afamilyTo check the attack of fast growing unhealthy food habits there should be extensive educationalprogramme across any age groupe about the importance of balanced food in life, taking food athome and development of healthy habits in everyday life to develop the sound health and preventmany diseases.

PROBLEM OF ILLITERACY

Introduction of topic with different survey reportsDetails

24. Poor condition of people especially in rural areas25. Poor condition of govt. schools- most of children are registered enrolled but not present and

ultimately large number of dropouts26. Illiterate people exploited badly by unscrupulous people of society27. Superstitions, child marriage, alcoholism prevail due to illiteracy28. Over all development hampered

Reasons29. Theoretical system of education30. Wide gap between education and practical life having failed to make people interested31. Poor economic conditions forcing people away from school32. Insincere and corrupt implementation of administrative policies33. Lack of social obligation in educated class leading to not doing anything for upliftment of

society in terms of education

Steps taken37. Constitutional provisions38. Govt. policies and programmes39. Practical education system40. Poverty alleviation programmes leading to avoid dropouts in schools to earn money41. Employment opportunities

Conclusion34. Proper campaigning35. Public awareness

36. Urge to people for education and educating others

PROMOTION OF TOURISMIntroductory paragraph

29. Examples of ancient travelers like Magasthenek, Tsu Sang Shoering man’s instinct toexplore the unknown even taking pain of hardships of travelling

30. With advancement of science and technology attitude towards travelling changing withchanging demand of time

31. Continuous increase in number of tourists making tourism an integral part of a country’seconomy compelling promotion of tourism to be taken care with all sincerity

Reasons for taking special care of promotion of tourism in our country34. A large number of place having huge scope of attracting native and foreign tourists skill

remaining unexplored and neglected like north east Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand35. Lack of infrastructure and communication making a number of prospective tourists spots

risky and full of hardships and thereby failing to demand tourists interest36. Drastic increase in hospitality cost creating problem for middle class tourists37. The problem of safety and security because of increasing violence, threat of terrorism,

harassment causing apprehensions for travelers38. Number of foreign tourists decreasing recent time reflecting one of the most important

sources of earning of foreign exchange39. Decrease in foreign tourists affecting smooth process of cultural exchange and interactions

creating a critical gap in communication40. Decrease in tourism affecting local art and craft thereby affecting prospect of employment

through hospitality business, scope of self-employment thereby affecting living condition ofpeople of the place thereby affecting the overall growth process of the country

Remedial measures37. Tourism already considered as one of the most important sector for developing economy of

the country38. Celebration of tourism year

a. incentives fair for attracting tourists39. Festivals, cultural programmes, exhibitions of handicraft, seasonal offers, etc being taken

same highlighted measures for improving tourism sector40. Almost all the states having tourism departments with their own infrastructure exploring

creativities like making brand ambassador for their respective states from celebrities41. Proper catchy advertisement and use of e-media to be explored to let people know about

different tourists spot42. Most importantly tourists to feel safe and secure43. Proper existing need to be accelerated and monitored constantly throughout the year

44. With all these measures diversification of different ranges of facilities to make travellingwithin the reach of common people to satisfy their desire to enjoy a break as per their pocket

SPACE PROGRAMME

Description of space programme32. Father of space programme ( MR.Vikram Sarabhai)33. Establishment of ISRO.34. Name of some important satellites and events conducted by ISRO.35. Expenditure - a considerable amount of national budget used for space programme in 21st

century.

Justification of space programme 41. Aims and objectives

a. Not to display might of the nationb. To achieve an independent space reliance related to realize the goals, resource

management with regional remote sensing service centres with remote sensingapplication centres for economic development application centres includingenvironmental analyzing , soil erosion, forestry management determining wildlifecoverage, ground water source, flood, inundation mapping, drought monitoring,estimating crop coverage, monitoring fisheries, mining and geological applicationsuch as surveying metal and mineral

Benefits42. Distant education in rural areas43. Navigation, application of cartography, determining the needed military location,

telecommunication, bio-diversity implication system, intensive field sampling, mappingwhich links gene level information of plants and species with special information

44. Meteorology and entertainment

THE GROWING INDUSTRIALISTION AND URBANISATION LEAD TO THE CRUCIALPROBLEM OF LAND ACQUISITION, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND THREAT TOWILDLIFE

The developmental policies taken to modernize the civilization is necessary for overallimprovement of quality of living. Industrialisation and urbanization are such essential states whichare taken up for the economic development of the country in fact, the whole science and technologywhich man has been using continuously for ages. But with the growth of technology a question isfrequently striking whether all development programmes taken are justified in relation to thecondition of the environment, wildlife and several other human factors including effect of landacquisition.Rapid and irrational setting up industries and developing urban areas with the construction oftownships, shopping malls, markets, hotels, resorts and other commercial centers result in landacquisition,3deforestation, pollution, global warming and threat to wildlife. In fact the entire globeis being polluted to such an extent and global warming such a rapid rate that the whole nature alongwith her natural manifestation get tragically affected causing abnormalities in the characteristic ofdifferent season and thereby bringing health hazards and extinction of a number of species andmaking many more o the threshold of extinction passing a threat to man as well as the entirewildlife. The problem of land acquisition has become so acute that the administration as well as the commonpeople from all the walks of life come forward to find the immediate solution to the problem. Thecases of Tata Industries at Singur, West Bengal and agitation against the Narmada Dam project areworthy to be pointed here. For land acquisition means stopping of usual sources of income of thevillage people all of a sudden causing disturbances in the rural life making them unable to avail thebasic needs of life and thereby forcing them onto the path of a number of anti-social activities formere survival. Besides , it compels the rural population to migrate from villages to different townsand cities and as a result causes over crowding, congestion and poor condition of health andsanitation which is reflected in the condition of living of slum dwellers.

THE PROBLEM OF UNEMPLOYMENT ESPECIALLY EDUCATED UNEMPLOYMENTRAISES THE QUESTION OF RELEVANCE OF EDUCATION BEING IMPARTED INDIFFERENT STAGES IN OUR COUNTRY

Introduction36. Loss of relevance of educational system leading to forcing the govt to take up some reform

measures 37. The volume of reforms taken so far are negligible especially to the field of higher education

resulting in huge burden of educated unemployment and also the growing problem of braindrain

Present scenario42. Wastage of resources 43. Disrupted career leading to restlessness, depression, agitation, violent disobedience of

existing law and order system, involvement in different anti-social activities

Factors45. Increasing population and improper distribution of natural resources failed to create enough

number of job opportunities as per the rate of education after schooling46. Wide gap between the prevailing education system and the demand of real life situation47. The psychology of educated young ones preventing them from taking any sort of available

occupation apart from their expectation practice of nepotism (giving opportunity torelatives) , corruption etc depriving the educated candidates

Steps taken19. Effective educational reform measures to be sincerely implemented and monitored regularly20. Awareness programme to be launched every frequently regarding education, importance of

family planning, literacy, self employment programmes21. Eradication of different sorts of corruptions like nepotism, political pressure to provide

better work condition and to create avenues for learning22. Job opportunity being offered through Employment Exchange through out the country at

district level23. An amount of stipend to be given to educated unemployed for a certain period of time

24. Different self employment schemes especially for educated youth

THE RECENT REFORMS IN EXAMINATION AND EVALUATION PATTERN ATSECONDARY LEVEL

Introduction44. Education system since independence being followed very much traditional 45. No effective reforms taken to fulfill the demand of time46. As a consequence, education being away from reality and thereby its relevance being lost47. Hence, important of immediate reforms very urgently felt and govt coming up with new

policies especially emphasizing on the reforms in examination and evaluation

Details45. Theoretical syllabus with very little scope of projects, surveys, practicals leading to away

from reality- getting uninterested and heavily loaded46. Teacher dominating teaching method having a very loss participation of children with little

scope for creativity to flourish47. Education system heavily burdened with exams- evaluation pattern mostly subjective and

thereby unauthentic48. Evaluation based on scoring marks out of some test given failing to judge overall standard

of growth49. As a result, illiteracy, massive dropouts 50. Very frequent cases of depression51. Increasing number of anti-social activities by youth52. Wastage of human potentials and national resources

Factors48. Policies taken in bureaucratic administration having less connections with needs of common

people in changing world49. Lack of awareness of common people to the need of changing time50. Insincerity in discharging duties51. The field of teaching neglected right from beginning thereby, quality of education missing

Steps taken25. Bold steps taken by govt after a long gap emphasizing especially of the reforms needed in

examination and evaluation 26. Govt. purpose to lesser pressure of exams at the time of basic education on one hand and on

the other hand, to focus on the healthy growth of child in all respects of his life27. Through grading system, disparity between one teacher to another expected to be decreased 28. Some portion of content of syllabus already made updated and to be in the process of

continuous updation, 29. Pressure of academics attempted to be decreased

THE VALUE OF TRAVELLING

Curiosity is one of the insatiable characteristics of man. Men have, in all ages wanted to know aboutthings and places, natural and supernatural phenomenon. It was the king desire to wander and seeplaces that led Columbus to discover America. But, for his zeal to travel, involving risk to his lifeand his fellow sailors, America would not have been on world map today.Francis De Bacon in his Treaties On Travel wrote “travel is a part of education in the younger sortand a part of experience in the older”. In fact, one may easily say that travelling is both a source ofeducation and enjoyment. No amount of description of a place or people in books can be asubstitute to the personal visit to the place concerned. The impact of seeing is more than merelyreading about it. Knowledge is interconnected and this interconnection helps children to memorisethe facts collected from their books more easily than otherwise. A tourist may have read volumes onthe Taj Mahal, but the splendor the fineness of architecture, the atmosphere of the legend associatedwith it all are felt by him when he comes to visit the monument of singular beauty. Moreover, travelling sharpens our power of observation. When we are at a new place we tend to getinterested in the unfamiliar details of the place. Our curiosity about the new place makes us alertand we begin to take mental note of the surrounding. This is no doubt an excellent training for ourmind. Besides, having not been exposed by anything different, our tolerance for different lifestylesand ideology is reduced. But, travelling brings us with vis-à-vis with the variety that exists in thisworld. We became more amenable to accepting the existence of ideas different from our own. Wefind that there are more than one way of dressing up and the other ways are not necessarily inferiorto our own. We may at times learn and benefit from the study of political and social institutions andbringing about improvements in our own.Besides being an source o education and instruction, travelling also provides joy and pleasure. Thethrill of being at a new place amidst strange people and sharing exotic palates with them is beyondany description. While travelling one finds oneself released from constrains of time and space as itwere. The unique sense of freedom is indeed on exaltation. Watching the sunset at a beach andexperiencing the sensation of standing on slipping sands is really exotic.Travelling also satisfies the spirit of adventure, visiting for flung places, sometimes not easilyconnected by transport entails difficulties. But therein lies the thrill of having covered the distancewith full of uncertainty. There is something in man which drives him towards tackling challengesand travelling fulfills this urge. This is the soul of life.

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

Being the first American Indian woman of the 21st century to go to space Kalpana Chawla hasrightly proved that question of gender cannot stand on the way of achieving target if the personpossesses ability and determination to do it. But, can we find woman like Kalpana Chawla in all thefamilies of our country? Is ability enough for a woman of our society to fulfill her dreams?Unfortunately, the reality shows just the opposite in most cases and still in 21 st century we comeacross numerous cases of exploitation of women.The scenario of the whole society is regarding the question of development utterly gloomyregarding the question of development of women. Barring few, a massive gender inequalities is stillprevailing in the society both in rural and urban areas whether it is the field of education, health andnourishment, option of choosing job, etc. Still today a boy child is preferred to a girl in most of theIndian families confining a girl child within a limitation right from her birth. Leaving aside theissues of higher education, a negligible numbers of girl children find themselves fortunate to receiveelementary basic education. For, till today the only and ultimate future of a girl is considered to bethe destination of marriage. The pitiable condition of women in general results in a large segment ofpopulation to remain without having access to the basic needs of life. The uneducated,undernourished and unhealthy girls become mothers of future generation and thus they are unable toguide their children to proper direction for individual development as well as for the developmentof the society. The root cause of this grave situation lies mostly in continuation of narrow orthodox ideas in thename of tradition considering sons to be eligible only to carry on the lineage of clan of theirfamilies. As a result, girls are neglected right from their birth and ultimately they are thought to beburden on their parents and to get them married is the only motto making their life as a life ofparasite and they have to live on the whims of the male of their father’s family or the families oftheir husband’s at the cost of their feeling, emotions and potentials.However, can we afford to continue the situation when the entire human faculties are fast gettingglobalised? For, an educated independent woman is the foundation of our family, society and thenation.Government and many non-governmental organizations have already taken up a number ofdevelopment programmes for the betterment of women in education, employmentadministration and policies under the banner of social welfare, child and women development butimplementation of those programs remain useless until and unless the common people are madeaware of the importance of paying respect equally to male and female members of thesociety.----------------