a. translation strategies used by the...
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER III
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
A. Translation Strategies Used by the Translator
In the translation of the figurative language (metaphor and simile), the translator should pay
attention to the equivalence between source text and target text, but still maintain the naturalness
for target readers. To translate the metaphor, there are 7 strategies suggested by Newmark (1981)
in order to solve the problems encountered. Meanwhile, Pierini (2007) offers 6 strategies to
translate the simile. Here, the researcher uses the strategies by Newmark and Pierini to analyze
what strategies used by the translator to translate the metaphor and simile.
1. Metaphor
The translator uses 2 out of 7 strategies by Newmark to translate the metaphors. There are 8
metaphors analyzed and 7 of them are translated using literal translation (reproducing the
same image in the TL), meanwhile one of them is translated by conversion of metaphor to
sense strategy.
a. Reproducing the same image in the TL
Table 3.1
Metaphor 1
ST TT
Chapter 8
Pg. 213
Par. 7
―…as Miss Peregrine had said, then
this place wasn‘t just a heaven but a
kind of prison, too.‖
―…sebagaimana telah dikatakan Miss
Peregrine, berarti tempat ini bukan
sekadar surga, tetapi juga semacam
penjara.‖
Object: Tempat ini (refers to rumah Miss Peregrine)
Image: Bukan sekadar surga, tetapi juga semacam penjara
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Sense: Tempat indah namun tidak bebas
The translator retained the same image from ST to TT. The comparison between beautiful place
as heaven can be understood by anyone regardless any language people speak or any place
people live. It might be reason why thr translator reproduces the similar image ―surga‖ as the
Indonesian translation of ―heaven‖. Yet sometimes, literal translation produces boring translation
as it reduces the aesthetic value of a text.
Table 3.2
Metaphor 2
ST TT
Chapter 8
Pg. 242
Par. 6
Emma pointed at a doorway in front of
us, little more than a black hole in the
murk. I shook my head. Don‘t want to.
But she took my hand as though I were
a frightened toddler and led me toward
it, bringing the tube along.
Emma menunjuk ambang pintu di
hadapan kami, yang hanya tampak
seperti lubang hitam dalam kegelapan.
Aku menggeleng. Tidak mau. Tetapi
Emma meraih tanganku, seakan-akan
aku anak kecil yang ketakutan, lalu
dibawanya aku ke lubang itu, sambil
sekalian membawa slang.
Object: Aku
Image: Anak kecil
Sense: Penakut/pengecut
The translator translated the metaphor from ST to TT literally. In Indonesia, there are many
terms can be given to a ―coward‖. The intention of the author is to give sarcastic comment to the
character Jacob. Meanwhile the words ―anak kecil yang ketakutan‖ is less sarcastic in Indonesian
(Bahasa) to represent the sense. It will be better to change the image to a term which is more
suitable to the intended meaning by the author than just use literal translation.
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Table 3.3
Metaphor 3
ST TT
Chapter 10
Pg. 270
Par. 3
Still, it was obvious she wanted me to
stay; beyond my own safety, my
presence in the loop would make
everyone else safer. But I didn‘t relish
the idea of spending my life as their
watchdog. (I was beginning to suspect
my grandfather had felt the same way,
and it was part of the reason he‘d
refused to return after the war.)
Tetapi jelas sekali dia ingin aku tetap di
sini, selain karena faktor keamananku
sendiri, kehadiranku di dalam keluk
akan membuat orang-orang lainnya
merasa lebih aman. Tapi aku tidak
senang membayangkan seumur hidup
harus menjadi anjing penjaga mereka.
(Aku mulai curiga kakekku dulu juga
merasa begitu, dan itulah sebagian
alasannya tidak mau kembali ke sini
seusai perang).
Object: Aku
Image: Anjing penjaga
Sense: Bertugas untuk menjaga keamanan
The translator maintains similar sense by retaining same image of metaphor from ST in Table 3.3
Metaphor 3. The author compares character Jacob to a watchdog. A watchdog works as a guide
to prevent something bad happens to its owner or particular area. This is similar to Jacob‘s
position at The Old House. He is there to prevent wights and hollowgast‘s entrance who want to
endanger the peculiars. The translator maintains the image from ST to TT literally as it is
understandable enough for target readers.
Table 3.4
Metaphor 4
ST TT
Chapter 10 Something occurred to me. Had I ever Sesuatu terlintas di benakku. Pernahkah
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Pg. 294
Par. 6
seen Mr. Barron‘s eyes? Not really. He
was always wearing these giant, old-
man sunglasses that wrapped around
his face. The yard man wore
sunglasses, too, and a wide-brimmed
hat. Had I ever given either of them a
hard look? How many other roles in my
life had this chameleon played?
aku melihat mata Me. Barron? Rasanya
tidak. Dia selalu memakai kacamata
kakek-kakek yang besar dan menutupi
wajahnya. Si pengurus taman juga
memakai kacamata hitam, dan topi
berpinggiran lebar. Pernahkan aku
memperhatikan wajah mereka baik-
baik? Berapa banyak peran lain yang
dimainkan bunglon ini dalam hidupku?
Object: Mr. Barron
Image: Bunglon
Sense: Berubah-ubah
The translator retaines the metaphor from ST to TT. In Bahasa, chameleon is known as bunglon.
It is categorized as reptile that can change color to hide from predators. The author compared Mr.
Barron to chameleon because he always attempts to disguise his identity. Comparing
something/one to a chameleon as they share similar characteristic is universal. Therefore, the
translator does not change the image to retain similar meaning.
Table 3.5
Metaphor 5
ST TT
Chapter 10
Pg. 301
Par. 7
―For now,‖ said Enoch. ―But that
maniac is still out there, and
considering how willing he was to
feed us all to his pet hollowgast, it‘s a
good bet he‘s figured out how to get
―Untuk saat ini,‖ kata Enoch. ―Tapi
makhluk gila itu masih berkeliaran di
luar sana, dan kalau mengingat dia
begitu ingin mengumpankan kita semua
pada hollowgast peliharaannya, aku
berani bertaruh dia sudah tahu cara
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into the loop on his own.‖ masuk ke dalam keluk, tanpa bantuan.‖
Object: Hollowgast
Image: Peliharaan
Sense: Kaki tangan
According to thepeculiarchildre.wikia.com, hollowgast are creatures of unsuccessful experiment
who want to get onto the path of immortality. They eat anything including peculiars or humans.
When they consume enough peculiar souls, they will evolve to wights. Here, Dr. Golan, Jacob‘s
psychiatrist is surprisingly the wight, so hollowgasts are simply his subordinates. The translator
retains the same image from ST to TT. Hollogasts are compared to pet as they both are tamed by
their possessors (lower in position).
Table 3.6
Metaphor 6
ST TT
Chapter 10
Pg. 306
Par. 3
The hollow had used two of its
tongues to grapple onto the capstones
around the tunnel‘s mouth as leverage
against the mud, and it covered the
entrance with its body like a lid on a
jar. The third tongue was reeling me
toward it, I was a fish on a hook.
Makhluk itu menggunakan dua lidahnya
untuk berpegangan di batu-batu sekitar
mulut terowongan supaya tidak terpeleset
di lumpur, dan dia menutupi pintu masuk
dengan tubuhnya, seperti tutup stoples.
Lidah ketiga menarikku ke arahnya. Aku
ibarat ikan yang tersangkut mata kail.
Object: Aku
Image: Ikan yang tersangkut mata kail
Sense: Terperangkap / mati langkah
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The translator maintains the metaphor from ST to TT literally. It makes the image ―fish on a
hook‖ in TT doesn‘t sound natural to target readers. It actually makes sense but there are more
appropriate figurative words in Bahasa to express that someone is trapped or stuck.
Table 3.7
Metaphor 7
ST TT
Chapter 5
Pg. 109
Par. 1
I got up, went to the cracked glass, and
saw that it was both raining and shining
outside—a bit of meteorological
weirdness whose name no one can seem
to agree on. My mom, I kid you not,
refers to it as ―orphans‘ tears.‖ Then I
remembered what Ricky says about it—
―the Devil‘s beatin‘ his wife!‖—and I
laughed and felt a little better.
Aku bangkit, beranjak ke kaca yang
telah retak, dan kulihat di luar sana
turun hujan namun mataharinya
terang—secuil kejanggalan
meteorology yang sebutannya selalu
berbeda-beda. Ibuku menyebutnya “air
mata anak yatim piatu”—sungguh,
aku tidak bohong. Lalu aku ingat
sebutan Ricky untuk fenomena ini—
―Iblis sedang memukuli istrinya!—dan
akupun tertawa, lalu merasa lebih lega.
Object: Hujan
Image: Air mata anak yatim piatu
Sense: Hujan di saat bersamaan langit cerah
The translator retains the metaphor using literal translation. The character Mom has her own
words to call raining during clear weather. Orphan‘ tears is translated literally to air mata anak
yatim piatu. The words do not make sense for target readers as it is too long and unfamiliar.
Therefore, it is better to change it to term that exists in Bahasa which is more familiar for target
readers.
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b. Conversion of metaphor to sense
Table 3.8
Metaphor 8
ST TT
Chapter 10
Pg. 292
Par. 14
―Stay where you are!‖ the man
shouted. His voice was flat,
accentless. I couldn‘t see his face
through the beam of light, but the
layered jackets he wore were an
instant giveaway. It was the
ornithologist.
―Tetap di situ!‖ teriak laki-laki itu.
Suaranya datar, tanpa akses. Aku tak
bisa melihat wajahnya dalam sorotan
cahaya, namun dari jaket berlapis yang
dikenakannya aku langsung tahu siapa
dia. Si ahli burung.
Object: Jaket berlapis
Image: Aku langsung tahu siapa dia
Sense: Aku langsung tahu siapa dia (Petunjuk / mudah tertebak)
Explanation: The translator changes the simile from ST to its sense in TT. As seen from the
context, instant giveway here means clue or hint. The object is not translated with the same
image which is hadiah instan (literal meaning) to avoid misunderstanding. Therefore, the
translator might think that it is better to convey the the metaphor from ST to its sense.
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Table 3.1 Newmark‘s strategies used by the translator
Strategy (Metaphor) Frequency Percentage
Reproducing the same image in the TL 7 87.5%
Replacing the image in the SL with a standard TL image 0 0
Translating metaphor by simile 0 0
Translation of metaphor (or simile) by simile plus sense 0 0
Conversion of metaphor to sense 1 12.5%
Deletion 0 0
Same metaphor combined with sense 0 0
Total 8 100%
The result shows that the first strategy dominates the whole percentage (87,5%). The researcher
analyzed 8 metaphors in the novel and she found 7 out of 8 using reproducing the same image in
the TL strategy. The translator used literal translation to retain similar meaning intended by the
author. 1 out of 8 metaphor (12,5%) is translated using conversion to sense strategy to avoid
length explanation that can lead to misunderstanding. From the table above, it concludes that the
strategies used by the translator almost do not have variety. It is appropriate to maintain the
equivalence of SL and TL but the translator should consider the ability of the target readers to
understand the figurative language. Besides, literal translation sometimes reduces the aesthetic
effects of the text. Hence Ogunsiji (2000) says that, ―if one writes without using figures of
speech, one‘s speech or writing will be ―dry‖ (p.56).
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2. Simile
The researcher thinks the strategies by Pierini is useful to help analyzing and translating the
simile from SL to TL. Based on the analysis, the translator only uses 2 out of 6 strategies
suggested by Pierini. Most of them uses literal translation (retention of the same vehicle) and
only one simile is translated using retention of the same vehicle plus explicitation of similarity
feature(s).
a. Literal Translation
The translator translates the metaphor and simile into TL directly to produce natural translation
with this strategy. Larson (1984: 280) said that simile can be kept if the receptor language
permits (it must sound natural and is easily understood by the readers).
Table 4.9
Simile 1
ST TT
Chapter 8
Pg. 213
Par. 7
Within five minutes I was half asleep in
the grass, smiling like a dope,
wondering serenely what might be on
the menu for lunch. It was as if just
being here had some kind of narcotic
effect on me; like the loop itself was a
drug—a mood enhancer and a sedative
combined—and if I stayed too long, I‘d
never want to leave… .
Lima menit kemudian aku sudah
setengah tertidur di rumput, tersenyum
seperti orang bodoh, sambil bertanya-
tanya dengan tenangnya, apa kira-kira
menu makan siang nanti. Seolah-olah
berada di sini membuatku terkena efek
narkotika; seakan-akan keluk itu sendiri
adalah obat bius—gabungan obat bius
dan obat penenang—dan kalau aku
terlalu lama di sini aku tidak bakal
kepingin pergi lagi.
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Topic: Aku tersenyum
Vehicle/image: Orang Bodoh
Similarity feature: Tersipu / tersenyum sendiri
The translator retains the simile from ST to TT literally. She applies strategy number 1 by Pierini
to maintain the equivalence between both languages. It has similar meaning with smiling like a
fool. The author uses connotation by using figurative word dope instead of fool to add depth to
the text. As we know that dope has more than single meaning. Most common ones are fool and
narcotic. The author wants to deliver meaning to the readers that it is not about narcotic itself but
its effect. Therefore, the translator is supposed to maintain the simile literally in order not to
change the context.
Table 4.10
Simile 2
ST TT
Chapter 8
Pg. 213
Par. 7
Within five minutes I was half asleep
in the grass, smiling like a dope,
wondering serenely what might be on
the menu for lunch. It was as if just
being here had some kind of narcotic
effect on me; like the loop itself was
a drug—a mood enhancer and a
sedative combined—and if I stayed
too long, I‘d never want to leave.
Lima menit kemudian aku sudah setengah
tertidur di rumput, tersenyum seperti
orang bodoh, sambil bertanya-tanya
dengan tenangnya, apa kira-kira menu
makan siang nanti. Seolah-olah berada di
sini membuatku terkena efek narkotika;
seakan-akan keluk itu sendiri adalah obat
bius—gabungan obat bius dan obat
penenang—dan kalau aku terlalu lama di
sini aku tidak bakal kepingin pergi lagi.
Topic: Keluk
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Vehicle/image: Obat bius / obat penenang
Similarity feature: Membuat ketergantungan
The translator transfers meaning of the simile from ST to TT literally. The simile compares the
similarity between the loop with drug. Once you get there, you cannot escape anymore. It makes
anyone who gets there, wants to return over and over. This is similar to drugs effect to make its
consumers always crave for it. This is one of behavioral problems called addiction
(recovergateway.org). Therefore, literal translation is suitable to render meaning of the simile
from SL to TL, since the similes from both languages are universal so it is natural for both target
readers.
Table 4.11
Simile 3
ST TT
Chapter 8
Pg. 214
Par. 7
He spoke with a slight cockney accent.
Cadaverous black circles ringed his
eyes like a raccoon, and his overalls—
the same ones he‘d worn in pictures I‘d
seen—were streaked with clay and dirt.
Except for his pudgy face, he might‘ve
been a chimney sweep out of Oliver
Twist.
Dia berbicara dengan akses cockney
samar. Matanya dihiasi lingkaran-
lingkaran hitam pucat seperti mata
rakun, dan baju luarnya—sama persis
dengan yang kulihat di foto-fotonya—
berlepotan tanah lempung dan tanah
biasa. Kalau bukan karena wajahnya
yang tembam, penampilannya mirip
pembersih cerobong asap di buku Oliver
Twist.
Topic: Matanya
Vehicle/image: Mata rakun
Similarity feature: Dihiasi lingkaran-lingkaran hitam pucat / berkantung mata
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The translator retained the vehicle ―a raccoon‖ into mata rakun. In fact, literal translation can be
confusing. The term ―raccoon eyes‖ is only familiar to those who learn about medic. Since the
term mata rakun is not universal, it‘s better to change the image to something more natural for
Indonesian target readers.
Table 4.12
Simile 4
ST TT
Chapter 8
Pg. 221
Par. 1
Then something terrible occurred to
me. To test a theory, I held my hand in
front of his mouth. I couldn‘t feel his
breath. My finger brushed his lips,
which were cold as ice. Shocked, I
pulled my hand away
Lalu suatu pikiran mengerikan terlintas di
benakku. Untuk menguji teori tersebut,
kuangkat tanganku di depan mulut anak
itu. Aku tidak merasakan embusan
napasnya. Jariku menyapu bibirnya,
yang sedingin es. Kaget buka main,
kutarik tanganku.
Topic: Bibirnya
Vehicle/image: Es
Similarity feature: Dingin
Lips here refers to Victor‘s, a corpse. A corpse has no blood vessel or circulatory system which
makes the body stiff and cold. The author compares the condition of Victor‘s lips to ice which
share the same characteristic, cold. The translator keeps the meaning of simile from SL to TL to
produce natural translation. Natural state of ice which is cold (denotative) is universally known
so it is acceptable by both target readers. Furthermore, Larson (1984: 280) affirms that simile can
be kept if the receptor language permits (if it sounds natural and is understood correctly by the
readers).
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Table 4.13
Simile 5
ST TT
Chapter 8
Pg. 226
Par. 3
A random sampling revealed them to
be long and sappy, full of declarations
of his love and awkward descriptions
of Emma‘s beauty in my grandfather‘s
then-broken English (―You are pretty
like flower, have good smell also, may
I pick?‖). In one he‘d enclosed a
picture of himself posing atop a bomb
with a cigarette dangling from his lips.
Salah satu surat yang kupilih acak
ternyata isinya panjang dan berlebihan,
penuh berisi pernyataan cinta kakekku
serta puji-pujian canggung tentang
kecantikan Emma dalam bahasa Inggris
kakekku yang masih terpatah-patah
waktu itu (―Kau cantik seperti bunga,
wangi juga, boleh aku petik?‖). Di
salah satu surat, Kakek menyisipkan
sehelai foto dirinya berpose di atas bom
dengan sebatang rokok menggelantung
dari bibirnya.
Topic: Kau
Vehicle/image: Bunga
Similarity feature: Cantik, wangi
The translator retained the same meaning of simile from ST to TT. Flower is compared to the
character ―You‖ (Emma) to compliment her beauty. The character Grandpa Portman had feeling
towards Emma therefore he said so to win her heart. Flower is known for its pretty looks and
pleasant smell. It has been widely known that flower is the symbol of beauty, love, and sincerity.
Therefore, it is acceptable to say that someone is pretty like flower as well as in Indonesia
culture.
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Table 4.14
Simile 6
ST TT
Chapter 8
Pg. 240
Par. 1
I’ll go, but I’m not going to kiss her, I
told myself. I repeated it like a mantra
as she led me across the bog. Do not
kiss! Do not kiss! We headed for town
but veered off toward the rocky beach
that looked out onto the lighthouse,
picking our way down the steep path
to the sand.
Aku akan ikut, tapi tidak akan
menciumnya, kataku dalam hati.
Kuulangi kalimat itu, seperti mantra,
ketika Emma membawaku ke seberang
rawa. Jangan cium! Jangan cium! Kami
mengarah ke kota, namun menyimpang
ke pantai berbatu karang yang
menghadap ke mercusuar, melangkah
dengan hati-hati di jalur setapak menuju
pasir.
Topic: Kalimat itu
Vehicle/image: Mantra
Similarity feature: Diulang terus-menerus (on repeat)
The translator keeps the same simile from ST to TT. The words said by character Jacob is
repeated over and over which is similar to mantra or spell. Mantra carries statements repeated
frequently aimed to bring magical effect to something under influenced. Jacob wishes that the
words he says can actually happen like mantra. Furthermore, mantra is similar in English and
Indonesia (ST and TT). The simile makes sense for the target readers as it is a universal word.
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Table 4.15
Simile 7
ST TT
Chapter 8
Pg. 242
Par. 7
There was no sound but our breaths
bubbling up and obscure thuds from
deep inside the ship, pieces of the
broken hull knocking in the current. If I
had shut my eyes it wouldn‘t have been
any darker. We were like astronauts
floating in a starless universe.
Tak ada suara apa pun selain napas
kami yang bergelembung-gelembung
naik, serta debum-debum entah apa dari
dalam badan kapal, potongan-potongan
lambung kapal yang pecah berantakan
dalam arus air. Seandainya aku
memejamkan mata, suasananya tidak
akan lebih lengkap lagi. Kami bagaikan
astraunot yang mengapung-apung di
semesta tak berbintang.
Topic: Kami
Vehicle/image: Astraunot
Similarity feature: Mengapung di semesta
The translator maintains the image from ST to TT. Based on Percy Greg‘s book, ―astronaut‖
refers to space traveler or space craft (Across the Zodiac, 1880). It refers to someone who travels
the space. In this case, the characters Jacob and Emma were diving in the ocean. The author
compared them as if they were like astronauts who were exploring the outer space. Both ocean
and outer space are considered as medium, in itself, completely empty. Astronaut is
understandable for Indonesian readers therefore it is unnecessary to change it.
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Table 4.15
Simile 7
ST TT
Chapter 10
Pg. 281
Par. 6
If he just fed a total stranger to a hollow,
who do you think he‘s going after
next?‖
Her face was like stone. ―The welfare of
the townspeople is none of my
concern,‖ she
said. ―I won‘t endanger my wards. Not
for anyone.‖
Wight itu baru saja mengumpankan
orang yang sama sekali tak ada
sangkut pautnya pada hollow, dan
anda piker siapa yang akan menjadi
korban berikutnya?‖
Wajah Miss Peregrine sekaku batu.
―Keamanan orang kota itu bukan
urusanku,‖ sahutnya. ―Aku tidak akan
membahayakan anak-anak asuhku.
Tidak demi apapun.‖
Topic: Wajahnya
Vehicle/image: Batu
Similarity feature: Tanpa ekspresi
The translator maintains the simile from ST to TT (stone faced translated into wajah sekaku
batu). The literal translation ends up producing unnatural translation since in Indonesia, batu
means keras instead of kaku. Therefore, it is better to add information to make it more
understandable.
b. Retention of the same image plus explicitation of similarity feature(s)
Translator may add any information or make the translation explicit to make it more
understandable by the target readers. If there is a risk that the simple transfer of the simile will
not be understood by the majority of the target readers, the translator may translate the simile
plus sense(Newmark, 1981: 90).
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Table 4.16
Simile 8
ST TT
Chapter 8
Pg. 217
Par. 1
With his foot, Enoch nudged it back
toward the group. They seemed to be
going haywire, colliding with one
another like excited atoms. ―Fight, you
nancies!‖ he commanded, which is
when I realized they weren‘t simply
bumping into one another, but hitting
and kicking.
Dengan kakinya, Enoch menyodok
tentara itu agar kembali ke
kelompoknya. Tampaknya , mereka
mulai tidak terkendali, saling
bertubrukan seperti atom-atom yang
tidak bisa tinggal diam. ―Ayo berkelahi,
banci-banci!‖ Enoch memerintahkan,
dan baru saat itulah aku menyadari
tentara-tentara itu bukan sekadar saling
bertabrakan, melainkan saling pukul
dan tanding. Namun si tentara tanah liat
yang satu itu tampaknya tidak tertarik
untuk berkelahi, dan ketika dia mulai
melangkah pergi lagi, Enoch
menyambarnya dan menarik kedua
kakinya sampai putus.
Topic: Mereka (refers to clay soldier)
Vehicle/image: Atom-atom
Similarity feature: Penuh energi, bersemangat
The translator translated the simile plus adding similarity feature which complicates the TL, so it
becomes unnatural for target readers. Excited atom is translated into atom-atom yang tidak bisa
tinggal diam. This is because both languages have different ways of portraying the behaviors or
characteristics, in this case, of an ―atom‖. It is pretty risky if the simile is not understandable for
target readers. Therefore, it is better to change the simile in TT to produce more natural words.
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Table 3.2 Frequency of Pierini‘s strategies used by the translator
Strategy (Simile) Frequency Precentage
Literal Translation (Retention of the Same Vehicle) 8 88,89%
Replacement of the Vehicle with a Different Vehicle 0 0
Reduction of the Simile, if Idiomatic, to Its Sense 0 0
Retention of the Same Vehicle plus Explicitation of Similarity
Feature(s)
1 11,11%
Replacement with a Vehicle with a Gloss 0 0
Omission of the Simile 0 0
Total 9 100%
Based on Pierini strategies, 88,89% of the similes are translated using literal translation. The
translator tends to retain similar simile from SL to TL. Only 1 out of 9 similes (11,11) is
translated using retention of the same vehicle plus explicitation of similarity feature(s).
According to Pierini, the translators should take into consideration factors such as context of use,
connotation, and rhetorical effect and register in selecting the appropriate strategies (p.33).
During process of translating figurative languages in literary work, it is not enough to maintain
the equivalence between SL and TL but also maintain the aesthetic values of the ST. The excess
of using literal translation gives monotone effect of the translation.
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B. Translation Strategies Suggested by the Researcher
During the process of translating, the translation strategies are applied in order to solve the
problems encountered. We should be aware that figurative languages can be misunderstood if
they are not translated correctly. Therefore, Newmark (1988) and Pierini (2007) strategies are
used to translate metaphors and similes found in the novel ―Miss Peregrine‘s Home For
Peculiar Children‖.
1. Metaphor
The researcher suggests 4 out of 7 strategies proposed by Newmark to translate 8
metaphors in total. They are Reproducing the same image in the TL, Replacing the image
in the SL with a standard TL image, Translating metaphor by simile, and Conversion of
metaphor to sense.
a. Reproducing the same image in the TL
Table 3.3
Metaphor 3
ST TT
Chapter 10
Pg. 270
Par. 3
Still, it was obvious she wanted me to
stay; beyond my own safety, my
presence in the loop would make
everyone else safer. But I didn‘t relish
the idea of spending my life as their
watchdog. (I was beginning to suspect
my grandfather had felt the same way,
and it was part of the reason he‘d
refused to return after the war.)
Tetapi jelas sekali dia ingin aku tetap di
sini, selain karena faktor keamananku
sendiri, kehadiranku di dalam keluk
akan membuat orang-orang lainnya
merasa lebih aman. Tapi aku tidak
senang membayangkan seumur hidup
harus menjadi anjing penjaga mereka.
(Aku mulai curiga kakekku dulu juga
merasa begitu, dan itulah sebagian
alasannya tidak mau kembali ke sini
seusai perang).
43
Object: Aku
Image: Anjing penjaga
Sense: Bertugas menjaga keamanan (to guard)
Based on the research from http://victimsofcrime.org, there are many jobs given to dogs. They
differ according to each dog‘s attributes and how they perform. For example: working dogs
mostly work on farms to herd animals; therapy dogs usually associate to medic that relate to the
psychological effect on the patients; and/or service dogs such as guard and watch dogs which
trained to assist and take care individual in need (pg 21-32). According to the source text, the
author compares character Jacob to a guard dog. He takes care of the peculiars as well as
prevents hollowgasts and wights to reach them. The author chooses dog instead of other guardian
figure (it can be security or angel) because there is connotative or secondary meaning of dog.
Besides, man‘s best friend (loyal), dog also connotes as low creature (human‘s pet). It obviously
shows Jacob‘s feeling, how offended he is, as if he is took advantage from. The researcher also
agrees to maintain the term ―watchdog‖ as it is natural and acceptable for target readers.
Table 3.4
Metaphor 4
ST TT
Chapter 10
Pg. 294
Par. 6
He was always wearing these giant,
old-man sunglasses that wrapped
around his face. The yard man wore
sunglasses, too, and a wide-brimmed
hat. Had I ever given either of them a
hard look? How many other roles in
my life had this chameleon played?
Dia selalu memakai kacamata kakek-
kakek yang besar dan menutupi
wajahnya. Si pengurus taman juga
memakai kacamata hitam, dan topi
berpinggiran lebar. Pernahkan aku
memperhatikan wajah mereka baik-baik?
Berapa banyak peran lain yang
dimainkan bunglon ini dalam hidupku?
Object: Mr. Barron
Image: Bunglon
44
Sense: Berubah-ubah
According to Merriam Webster dictionary, chameleon has several definitions with similar
meaning, 1. Chameleon that has unusual ability to change the skin color; 2. A person who often
changes his or her behavior in order to please others or to succeed. The character Mr. Barron is
described as a person who is similar to chameleon. He disguises himself to different person in
order to deceive Jacob and peculiar children. In Indonesia, it is acceptable to say a person is like
chaemeleon if they most likely don‘t have integrity, bipolar, or liar. Since the term is universal, it
is appropriate to use literal translation.
Table 3.5
Metaphor 5
ST TT
Chapter 10
Pg. 301
Par. 7
―For now,‖ said Enoch. ―But that
maniac is still out there, and
considering how willing he was to
feed us all to his pet hollowgast, it‘s a
good bet he‘s figured out how to get
into the loop on his own.‖
―Untuk saat ini,‖ kata Enoch. ―Tapi
makhluk gila itu masih berkeliaran di luar
sana, dan kalau mengingat dia begitu
ingin mengumpankan kita semua pada
hollowgast peliharaannya, aku berani
bertaruh dia sudah tahu cara masuk ke
dalam keluk, tanpa bantuan.‖
Object: Hollowgast
Image: Peliharaan
Sense: Kaki tangan
‗His‘ in the text refer to Mr. Barron, the wight. Hollowgasts are the form before they evolve into
wights after they consume enough peculiar souls (thepeculiarchildre.wikia.com). Therefore,
hollowgasts are basically wights‘ subordinates. Rather than saying so, the author chose the word
―pet‖ to describe the relation between hollowgast and wight. In literal translation, pet or
peliharaan in Bahasa means tamed animal. It doesn‘t really mean hollowgasts are wights‘ pet
45
but it is connotation. Connotation can be positive or negative according to audience‘s feelings or
thoughts (Harimurti (dalam Aminuddin, 2001:112). According to Cambridge dictionary, pet also
refers to be the person that someone in authority likes best and treats better than anyone else (e.g:
teacher‘s pet). The critic agrees with translator to maintain the intention of the author by
translating it literally. It is universal to say so as negative connotation.
b. Replacing the image in the SL with a standard TL image
Table 3.6
Metaphor 6
ST TT
Chapter 10
Pg. 306
Par. 3
The hollow had used two of its
tongues to grapple onto the capstones
around the tunnel‘s mouth as
leverage against the mud, and it
covered the entrance with its body
like a lid on a jar. The third tongue
was reeling me toward it, I was a fish
on a hook.
Makhluk itu menggunakan dua lidahnya
untuk berpegangan di batu-batu sekitar
mulut terowongan supaya tidak terpeleset
di lumpur, dan dia menutupi pintu masuk
dengan tubuhnya, seperti tutup stoples.
Lidah ketiga menarikku ke arahnya.
Bagaikan telur di ujung tanduk.
Object: Aku
Image: Ikan yang tersangkut mata kail
Sense: Kondisi krisis atau genting
Carter (1993: 65) defines idioms as special combinations with restricted forms and meanings that
cannot be deduced from the literal meanings of the words which make them up. Literal meaning
of the idiom ―Ibarat ikan yang tersangkut mata kail‖: there is a fish caught by a hook. Meanwhile
the idiomatic meaning is referring to the state where someone has no choice or in dangerous
state. The problem here is that the saying is obviously not familiar for Indonesian readers. There
46
is other idiom that is more natural which carries similar meaning, which is ―bagai telur di ujung
tanduk‖.
Table 3.2
Metaphor 2
ST TT
Chapter 8
Pg. 242
Par. 6
Emma pointed at a doorway in front of
us, little more than a black hole in the
murk. I shook my head. Don‘t want to.
But she took my hand as though I
were a frightened toddler and led me
toward it, bringing the tube along.
Emma menunjuk ambang pintu di
hadapan kami, yang hanya tampak seperti
lubang hitam dalam kegelapan. Aku
menggeleng. Tidak mau. Tetapi Emma
meraih tanganku, seakan-akan aku anak
ingusan lalu dibawanya aku ke lubang
itu, sambil sekalian membawa slang.
Object: Aku
Image: Anak ingusan
Sense: Penakut/pengecut
The researcher changes the metaphor in ST to anak ingusan. According to KBBI, besides ―very
young‖, anak ingusan carries meaning of inexperienced or clueless. It expresses well the term of
―a frightened toddler‖ or simply means ―a coward‖. This reflects to the character of Jacob who is
very clumsy facing the new things in Cairnholm. He can not do anything himself but rely on
Emma‘s help. The figurative word anak ingusan carries more sarcastic meaning rather than
―anak kecil yang ketakutan‖ which expresses the intention of the author.
47
Table 3.7
Metaphor 7
ST TT
Chapter 5
Pg. 109
Par. 1
I got up, went to the cracked glass, and
saw that it was both raining and shining
outside—a bit of meteorological
weirdness whose name no one can seem
to agree on. My mom, I kid you not,
refers to it as ―orphans‘ tears.‖ Then I
remembered what Ricky says about it—
―the Devil‘s beatin‘ his wife!‖—and I
laughed and felt a little better.
Aku bangkit, beranjak ke kaca yang
telah retak, dan kulihat di luar sana
turun hujan namun mataharinya
terang—secuil kejanggalan
meteorology yang sebutannya selalu
berbeda-beda. Ibuku menyebutnya
―hujan monyet‖—sungguh, aku tidak
bohong. Lalu aku ingat sebutan Ricky
untuk fenomena ini—―Iblis sedang
memukuli istrinya!—dan akupun
tertawa, lalu merasa lebih lega.
Object: Hujan
Image: Hujan monyet
Sense: Hujan di saat langit cerah
Orphan tears is translated literally into air mata anak yatim piatu by the translator. It totally
doesn‘t make sense in Indonesia. Therefore, the researcher suggests familiar term in Bahasa
―hujan monyet‖ which carries similar term with orphan tears. ―Hujan monyet‖ has literal
meaning of monkey raining which doesn‘t make sense at all, but it refers to idiomatical term of
―raining during sunny day‖ (Sonata, kompasiana.com).
c. Translating metaphor by simile plus sense
48
Table 3.1
Metaphor 1
ST TT
Chapter 8
Pg. 213
Par. 7
―…as Miss Peregrine had said, then this
place wasn‘t just a heaven but a kind of
prison, too.‖
―…sebagaimana telah dikatakan Miss
Peregrine, tempat ini adalah sangkar
emas. Indah namun tidak bebas.‖
Object: Tempat ini (refers to rumah Miss Peregrine)
Image: Sangkar emas
Sense: Tempat indah namun tidak bebas
The researcher uses same metaphor combined with sense which is similar to Larson‘s strategy
metaphor of the receptor language which has the same meaning may be substituted; metaphor is
added with some explanations to improve the understanding of target readers.. The researcher
substitutes the metaphor from ST ―then this place wasn‘t just a heaven but a kind of prison, too‖
into ―tempat ini adalah sangkar emas‖. She uses a different metaphor in the receptor language
that carries the same meaning as the metaphor in the source language with explanation added
―Indah namun tidak bebas‖ to make it more understandable to the target readers. Oka (1974:97)
stated that Marah Rusli‘s Siti Nurbaya fits the metaphor ―seperti burung dalam sangkar, terbuat
dari emas sekalipun, sangkar tetap sangkar juga.‖ It means a life fulfilled with prosperity, it
doesn‘t guarantee someone‘s happiness.‖
d. Conversion of metaphor to sense
Table 3.8
Metaphor 8
ST TT
Chapter 10
Pg. 292
Par. 14
―Stay where you are!‖ the man
shouted. His voice was flat,
accentless. I couldn‘t see his face
through the beam of light, but the
―Tetap di situ!‖ teriak laki-laki itu.
Suaranya datar, tanpa akses. Aku tak bisa
melihat wajahnya dalam sorotan cahanya,
namun dari jaket berlapis yang
49
layered jackets he wore were an
instant giveaway. It was the
ornithologist.
dikenakannya aku langsung tahu siapa
dia. Si ahli burung.
Object: Jaket berlapis
Image: -
Sense: Petunjuk / mudah tertebak
Instant giveaway does not have meaning but literally it often refers to something given free. It
has nothing to do with the context. The context here carries meaning that the jacket he wears is
the clue to make them guess easier who he actually is. Therefore, if it was translated literally too,
that would make confusion for target readers. To avoid that happens, it is better to use
Newmark‘s strategy to render the metaphor into its sense.
Table 3.3 Frequency of Newmark‘s strategies suggested by the researcher
Strategy (Metaphor) Frequency Precentage
Reproducing the same image in the TL 3 37,5%
Replacing the image in the SL with a standard TL image 3 37,5%
Translating metaphor by simile 1 12,5%
Translation of metaphor (or simile) by simile plus sense 0 0
Conversion of metaphor to sense 1 12,5%
Deletion 0 0
Same metaphor combined with sense 0 0
Total 8 100%
From the table above, the researcher uses 4 out of 7 Newmark‘s strategies to translate 8
metaphors found in the text. They are Reproducing the image in the TL (37,5%), Replacing the
image in the SL with a standard TL image (37,5%), Translating metaphor by simile (12,5%) ,
50
and Conversion of metaphor to sense (12,5%). The strategies used by critic are more varied. It
shows that Newmark‘s strategies can be used to produce more natural translation for target
readers.
2. Simile
The researcher uses 4 out of 6 strategies by Pierini to translate the 9 similes found in the ST.
They are Literal Translation, Replacement of the Vehicle with a Different Vehicle, Retention of
the Same Vehicle plus Explicitation of Similarity Feature(s), and Omission of the Simile.
a. Literal translation
Table 4.9
Simile 1
ST TT
Chapter 8
Pg. 213
Par. 7
Within five minutes I was half asleep
in the grass, smiling like a dope,
wondering serenely what might be on
the menu for lunch. It was as if just
being here had some kind of narcotic
effect on me; like the loop itself was a
drug—a mood enhancer and a sedative
combined—and if I stayed too long,
I‘d never want to leave… .
Lima menit kemudian aku sudah
setengah tertidur di rumput, tersenyum
seperti orang bodoh, sambil bertanya-
tanya dengan tenangnya, apa kira-kira
menu makan siang nanti. Seolah-olah
berada di sini membuatku terkena efek
narkotika; seakan-akan keluk itu sendiri
adalah obat bius—gabungan obat bius
dan obat penenang—dan kalau aku
terlalu lama di sini aku tidak bakal
kepingin pergi lagi.
Topic: Aku tersenyum
Vehicle/image: Orang Bodoh
51
Similarity feature: Tersipu / tersenyum sendiri
Dope (n) has several meanings (Merriam Webster), including:
1a. a thick liquid or pasty preparation
b. a preparation for giving a desired quality to a substance or surface
2. absorbent or adsorbent material used in various manufacturing processes (as the making of
dynamite)
3a. (1) an illicit, habit-forming, or narcotic drug; especially: marijuana
(2) a preparation given to a racehorse to help or hinder its performance
b. chiefly Southern : a cola drink
c. a stupid person
The simile in this context refers to number 3c. The expression of ―tersenyum seperti orang
bodoh‖ (stupid person) is commonly used to refer to something crazy. It is wise not to change the
simile as it is well-known for target readers.
Table 4.10
Simile 2
ST TT
Chapter 8
Pg. 213
Par. 7
Within five minutes I was half asleep in
the grass, smiling like a dope,
wondering serenely what might be on
the menu for lunch. It was as if just
being here had some kind of narcotic
effect on me; like the loop itself was a
drug—a mood enhancer and a sedative
combined—and if I stayed too long, I‘d
never want to leave.
Lima menit kemudian aku sudah
setengah tertidur di rumput, tersenyum
seperti orang bodoh, sambil bertanya-
tanya dengan tenangnya, apa kira-kira
menu makan siang nanti. Seolah-olah
berada di sini membuatku terkena efek
narkotika; seakan-akan keluk itu sendiri
adalah obat bius—gabungan obat bius
dan obat penenang—dan kalau aku
terlalu lama di sini aku tidak bakal
52
kepingin pergi lagi.
Topic: Keluk
Vehicle/image: Obat bius / obat penenang
Similarity feature: Membuat ketergantungan
According to recovergateway.org, one of behavioral problems caused by drug consuming is
called addiction. The translator here retains the image ―drug‖ into ―obat bius‖. According to
―Kamus Inggris Indonesia – An English Indonesian Dictionary‖, drug: (n) 1. Med.: obat, obat-
obatan. 2. Narc.: obat bius. (drugged) 1 meracuni. 2 membiuskan. This simile can be acceptable
since the target readers can find common similarity feature between the topic and the image.
Table 4.12
Simile 4
ST TT
Chapter 8
Pg. 221
Par. 1
Then something terrible occurred to
me. To test a theory, I held my hand in
front of his mouth. I couldn‘t feel his
breath. My finger brushed his lips,
which were cold as ice. Shocked, I
pulled my hand away
Lalu suatu pikiran mengerikan terlintas di
benakku. Untuk menguji teori tersebut,
kuangkat tanganku di depan mulut anak
itu. Aku tidak merasakan embusan
napasnya. Jariku menyapu bibirnya,
yang sedingin es. Kaget buka main,
kutarik tanganku.
Topic: Bibirnya
Vehicle/image: Es
Similarity feature: Dingin
The researcher agrees with the comparison between corpse‘s lips to ice which carry the same
literal meaning, cold. It doesn‘t change the meaning from ST, besides it is also understandable
53
for target readers. Based on researcher translation journal by Ramli, literal translation can be
applied to translate simile if both source and target language share the same interpretation of the
similes. So, the sentence can easily be interpreted in the same way in the target text. Therefore,
the translator had chosen the appropriate strategy to handle the simile.
Table 4.13
Simile 5
ST TT
Chapter 8
Pg. 226
Par. 3
A random sampling revealed them to
be long and sappy, full of declarations
of his love and awkward descriptions
of Emma‘s beauty in my grandfather‘s
then-broken English (―You are pretty
like flower, have good smell also, may
I pick?‖). In one he‘d enclosed a
picture of himself posing atop a bomb
with a cigarette dangling from his lips.
Salah satu surat yang kupilih acak
ternyata isinya panjang dan berlebihan,
penuh berisi pernyataan cinta kakekku
serta puji-pujian canggung tentang
kecantikan Emma dalam bahasa Inggris
kakekku yang masih terpatah-patah
waktu itu (―Kau cantik seperti bunga,
wangi juga, boleh aku petik?‖). Di salah
satu surat, Kakek menyisipkan sehelai
foto dirinya berpose di atas bom dengan
sebatang rokok menggelantung dari
bibirnya.
Topic: Kau
Vehicle/image: Bunga
Similarity feature: Cantik
Flower as a symbol of beauty has been known worldwide. In Bahasa, there is also term of
kembang desa. Kembang (Javanese means bunga) meanwhile desa means village. Basically,
kembang desa carries meaning of the prettiest girl in the area. According to Masyarakat Metafora
Indonesia, a positive metaphor describes the beauty of woman as bunga or kembang (flower)
54
desa. Bunga (flower) is a part of plant which is always described as beautiful and smells good.
Someone who is called bunga desa can be acknowledged as good looking virgin that attracts a
lot of men. Therefore, it is natural to say someone is beautiful like flower.
Table 4.14
Simile 6
ST TT
Chapter 8
Pg. 240
Par. 1
I’ll go, but I’m not going to kiss her, I
told myself. I repeated it like a mantra
as she led me across the bog. Do not
kiss! Do not kiss! We headed for town
but veered off toward the rocky beach
that looked out onto the lighthouse,
picking our way down the steep path
to the sand.
Aku akan ikut, tapi tidak akan
menciumnya, kataku dalam hati.
Kuulangi kalimat itu, seperti mantra,
ketika Emma membawaku ke seberang
rawa. Jangan cium! Jangan cium! Kami
mengarah ke kota, namun menyimpang
ke pantai berbatu karang yang
menghadap ke mercusuar, melangkah
dengan hati-hati di jalur setapak menuju
pasir.
Topic: Kalimat itu
Vehicle/image: Mantra
Similarity feature: Diulang terus-menerus (on repeat)
The statement by character Jacob is repeated like mantra or spell. The figurative word is also
familiar to the target readers. Another option, Pierini‘s strategy number 3 can also be applied on
this simile (reduction of the simile, if idiomatic, to its sense).
It will be more understandable for target readers since berkomat-kamit or mumbling also similar
to read mantra or spell. On the other hand, the 3rd
strategy has weakness as it reduces the
aesthetic value of a text so it is better to maintain the simile as it is acceptable for target readers.
55
Table 4.15
Simile 7
ST TT
Chapter 8
Pg. 242
Par. 7
If I had shut my eyes it wouldn‘t have
been any darker. We were like
astronauts floating in a starless universe.
Seandainya aku memejamkan mata,
suasananya tidak akan lebih lengkap
lagi. Kami bagaikan astronot yang
mengapung-apung di semesta tak
berbintang.
Topic: Kami
Vehicle/image: Astronot
Similarity feature: Mengapung di semesta
Astronot or antariksawan is term for a person who travels the outer space. The researcher agrees
with the translator to maintain the image from ST since the literal translation makes sense for
target readers. The term astronot which is borrowed from English is more familiar to target
readers therefore it is applied instead of antariksawan. The target readers are expected to get the
same feeling as intended from SL.
b. Replacement of the image with a different image
56
Table 4.11
Simile 3
ST TT
Chapter 8
Pg. 214
Par. 7
―They get ideas, see. Ain‘t properly
trained yet. Only made ‘em last week.‖
He spoke with a slight cockney accent.
Cadaverous black circles ringed his
eyes like a raccoon, and his overalls—
the same ones he‘d worn in pictures I‘d
seen—were streaked with clay and dirt.
Except for his pudgy face, he might‘ve
been a chimney sweep out of Oliver
Twist.
―Kaulihat kan, mereka punya kemauan
sendiri. Belum dilatih dengan
semestinya. Baru minggu kemarin
kubuat.‖ Dia berbicara dengan akses
cockney samar. Matanya dihiasi
lingkaran-lingkaran hitam pucat seperti
mata panda, dan baju luarnya—sama
persis dengan yang kulihat di foto-
fotonya—berlepotan tanah lempung dan
tanah biasa. Kalau bukan karena
wajahnya yang tembam, penampilannya
mirip pembersih cerobong asap di buku
Oliver Twist.
Topic: Matanya
Vehicle/image: Mata panda
Similarity feature: Dihiasi lingkaran hitam
According to Said Alfin Khalilullah, Co- Ass, Clinical RSUD Dr. Zainoel Abidin Fakultas
Kedokteran Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh, raccoon eyes is a sign of basal skull fracture
caused by direct collision on the skull base area. Meanwhile this novel is not specifically aimed
for medical students, so it doesn‘t make sense for some people. In Bahasa, the target readers are
more familiar with mata panda rather than mata rakun. So, the researcher believes that it is more
suitable and familiar for target readers. The term ―mata panda‖ is chosen because they also
represents black puffy eyes which similar in terms of appearance with raccoon‘s eyes.
c. Retention of the same image plus explicitation of similarity feature(s)
57
Table 4.15
Simile 7
ST TT
Chapter 10
Pg. 281
Par. 6
If there really is a wight, and it‘s who I
think it is, he and my dad have almost
gotten into one fight already. If he just
fed a total stranger to a hollow, who do
you think he‘s going after next?‖
Her face was like stone. ―The welfare
of the townspeople is none of my
concern,‖ she
said. ―I won‘t endanger my wards. Not
for anyone.‖
Wight itu baru saja mengumpankan
orang yang sama sekali tak ada sangkut
pautnya pada hollow, dan anda piker
siapa yang akan menjadi korban
berikutnya?‖
Wajah Miss Peregrine sekaku batu, tak
berekspresi. ―Keamanan orang kota itu
bukan urusanku,‖ sahutnya. ―Aku tidak
akan membahayakan anak-anak
asuhku. Tidak demi apapun.‖
Topic: Wajahnya
Vehicle/image: Batu
Similarity feature: Tanpa ekspresi
Translator may add information about similarity feature(s) if the image in target text is not clear
for target readers. In this case, the researcher adds ―tak berekspresi‖ as an additional information
of ―sekaku batu‖ to clarify its sense to make it more understandable for target readers. According
to Cambridge dictionary, the term stone-faced (adj) means not showing any emotion. It explains
better the expression of Miss Peregrine to show her state of shock.
d. Omission
Table 4.16
Simile 8
58
ST TT
Chapter 8
Pg. 217
Par. 1
The clay soldier I‘d returned began
wandering again. With his foot, Enoch
nudged it back toward the group. They
seemed to be going haywire, colliding
with one another like excited atoms.
―Fight, you nancies!‖ he commanded,
which is when I realized they weren‘t
simply bumping into one another, but
hitting and kicking.
Tanah liat yang telah kukembalikan
mulai berjalan lagi. Dengan kakinya,
Enoch menyodok tentara itu agar
kembali ke kelompoknya. Tampaknya
nereka mulai tidak terkendali, saling
bertubrukan. ―Ayo berkelahi, banci-
banci!‖ Enoch memerintahkan, dan
baru saat itulah aku menyadari tentara-
tentara itu bukan sekadar saling
bertabrakan, melainkan saling pukul
dan tending.
Topic: Mereka (refers to soldier toys)
Vehicle/image: Atom-atom
Similarity feature: Penuh energi (bersemangat)
―They seemed to be going haywire, colliding with one another like excited atoms is translated
into ―Tampaknya nereka mulai tidak terkendali, saling bertubrukan.‖
The researcher omits the imago ―atom-atom‖ to produce more natural translation. The simile in
TT is not suitable for target readers as it is even more complicated. The omission is not changing
the whole meaning or context from source text.
Table 3.4 Pierini‘s strategies suggested by the researcher
Strategy (Simile) Frequency Precentage
Literal Translation (Retention of the Same Vehicle) 6 66,67%
Replacement of the Vehicle with a Different Vehicle 1 11.11%
59
Reduction of the Simile, if Idiomatic, to Its Sense 0 0%
Retention of the Same Vehicle plus Explicitation of Similarity
Feature(s)
1 11.11%
Replacement with a Vehicle with a Gloss 0 0%
Omission of the Simile 1 11.11%
Total 9 100%
From the table above, it shows that 66,67% similes are retained using literal translation. There
are 6 out of 9 similes in total which the point of similarity is universal, therefore the researcher
thinks it is better to translate them into TL directly in order to produce natural translation.
Meanwhile, the other 3, each are translated using Replacement of the Vehicle with a Different
Vehicle (11,11%), Retention of the Same Vehicle plus Explicitation of Similarity Feature(s)
(11,11%), and Omission of the Simile(11,11%).