A Toilet in Every HomeSanitation Advocacy in Cambodia

Presented by Deputy Prime Minister and Minister,

Ministry of Rural Development Royal Government of Cambodia

ContentsContents ContentsContents

1. General Information about Cambodia 2. Vision 2. Where are we now? 3. Our target 4. Prognosis for 2015 5. The way forward 6. Institutional progress 7. What more do we need 8. Cambodia MDGs to International MDGs

General Information about CambodiaGeneral Information about CambodiaGeneral Information about CambodiaGeneral Information about Cambodia

Population: 14.07 million

Land:181,035 Sq,km; 24 provinces, 162 urban areas, 185 districts, 1,621 communes,13,890 villages.

Crude Birth rate: 1.96 % per year.

Under 5 mortality is 83 deaths per 1,000 live births,

20 % of children under five suffering diarrhea,

Adult literacy rate is 73.6 %, and Youth literacy rate is 83.4 %

Our National VisionOur National VisionOur National VisionOur National Vision

“Every person in rural communities has sustained access to safe water supply and sanitation services and lives in a hygienic environment by 2025”

Our Target “Ladder”Our Target “Ladder”Our Target “Ladder”Our Target “Ladder”

2025

Rural Sanitation Coverage

100%

Our Target “Ladder”Our Target “Ladder”Our Target “Ladder”Our Target “Ladder”

2025 2015

Rural Sanitation Coverage

100% 30 %

Our Target “Ladder”Our Target “Ladder”Our Target “Ladder”Our Target “Ladder”

2025 2015 2010

Rural Sanitation Coverage

100% 30 % 20 %

Our Target “Ladder”Our Target “Ladder”Our Target “Ladder”Our Target “Ladder”

2025 2015 2010 Right Now

Rural Sanitation Coverage

100% 30 % 20 % 16 %

The Prognosis for 2015The Prognosis for 2015The Prognosis for 2015The Prognosis for 2015

Target Situation in 2006

CMDGs 2015

Rural population 11.2 million 13.1 million

Number of rural households 2.23 million 2.62 million

Required rural latrines 518,880

Annual latrines to be built 57,650

What does it cost to meet targets…?What does it cost to meet targets…?What does it cost to meet targets…?What does it cost to meet targets…?

Projects Hardware Software Total Cost to Household

Latrine cost, incl Soft and Hardware

WB/ NVDP 97 $ 95 $ 192 $ 3 $ 195 $

EU ECOSORN 70 $ 20 $ 90 $ 5 $ -100 $ 140 $

AusAID RS&RP 25 $ 20 $ 45 $ 25 $ -300$ 191 $

TSRWSS/ADB 40 $ 5 $ 45 $ 5 $ - 72 $ 94 $

UNICEF/MRD-CLTS

0 $ 5 $ 5 $ 0 -10$ ~ 10 $

Ability and willingness to payAbility and willingness to payAbility and willingness to payAbility and willingness to pay

RESULTS FROM A DEMAND ASSESSMENT IN 41 VILLAGES

Perceived ability to pay for a latrine

- 47 % could not afford a US$ 20 latrine

- 64 % could not afford a US$ 40 latrine

- 77 % could not afford a US$ 60 latrine Cost is an obstacle for latrine construction but not the only obstacle

Some poor families managed to build their own toilets and many rich families still do not have toilets

Strong perception of an “ideal latrine” There are not many low cost options available at the

market

Institutional ProgressInstitutional ProgressInstitutional ProgressInstitutional Progress

Two years ago

No visibility of rural sanitationLimited national budget allocationLimited investment through other programsSanitation not featured in the Government’s development agenda

2007 Government-Development Partners consultative body established by the Prime Minister. Min. of Rural Development initiated establishment of RWSS Working Groups at provincial levelIncreasing government allocations for rural sanitationIncreasing community investmentStronger collaboration with MOEYSSuccessful First National Rural Sanitation and Hygiene Forum

The Way Forward: Sanitation LadderThe Way Forward: Sanitation LadderThe Way Forward: Sanitation LadderThe Way Forward: Sanitation Ladder

Basic pit latrine

Concrete slab

Lined pit

Offset pour flush

Brick super structure

CLTS Effort

Direct investment by richer villager

Upgrading with help from contractor

Community Led Total SanitationCommunity Led Total Sanitation Community Led Total SanitationCommunity Led Total Sanitation Encouraging initial results

Since early 2006 – 180 villages implemented in 9 provinces and 80 villages reached Open Defecation Free status by Nov 2007

Proven that communities are willing and able to build toilets Support the capacity building for National, Sub-national and Local

Government to implement Gain support from various partner agencies

Yet to be promoted towards sustainability A healthy package including clean toilet, clean hands, clean water,

clean food and clean home environment Strong support and political commitment of the Government at all

levels Involvement of private sector in assuring adequate supply of

affordable materials of various options

What more do we need: AdvocacyWhat more do we need: AdvocacyWhat more do we need: AdvocacyWhat more do we need: Advocacy Strategic plan to improve rural sanitation and hygiene :

urgently needed Support from the Ministry of Economy and Finance :

crucial Human resources within the key Government agencies :

to be strengthened and supported Demand for improved sanitation at the community

level: to be generatedTo date 96 percent of commune budgets dedicated

for infrastructure (e.g. roads and bridges) and only 4 percent for gender and social investment

Commitment towards a harmonized approach of strategic plan implementation : to be ensured

THE TIME IS NOWTHE TIME IS NOWTHE TIME IS NOWTHE TIME IS NOW

" In Cambodia, the lack of Sanitation is one of the factors leading to poverty and hinders the Royal Government's national economic development efforts. We should recognize this is not just a personal and family issue, but it is a community one”. PM's remarks in Cambodia’s First National Forum on Rural Sanitation (Nov. 2007)

Prime Minister’s RecommendationsPrime Minister’s RecommendationsPrime Minister’s RecommendationsPrime Minister’s Recommendations

Strengthening Partnership; Preparing Campaign to promote rural sanitation. Prime Minister

decided to take 13th November as Rural Sanitation Day; Promote affordable low-cost latrine options, and develop

technology options based on regional characteristics – dry areas, regularly flooded areas and floating villages;

Support Community initiatives and recognize the family responsibility to behavior change, particularly poor family;

Consistent project implementation on RWSS to be line with National Policy on RWSS and Strategic Plan on Rural Sanitation and Hygiene Improvement; work with other ministries (like finance, planning, education);

Improve rural school sanitation and hygiene practices by scaling up School Sanitation and Hygiene Programs and close collaboration between MRD and Ministry of Education.

A national strategy is on its way…A national strategy is on its way…A national strategy is on its way…A national strategy is on its way…

Ministry of Rural Development will take the lead to develop a national sanitation and hygiene strategy in 2008

To be based on lessons from CLTS and knowledge gained from sector assessments, etc.

In close collaboration with relevant line ministries such as Education, Health, Women’s Affairs, Economy and Finance etc.

In partnership with key Development Partners including UNICEF, DFID, ADB, WSP-World Bank etc.

Will build Government capacity to implement the strategy at national and sub-national level

Will ensure active involvement of the private sector

Cambodia MDGs to Global MDGsCambodia MDGs to Global MDGsCambodia MDGs to Global MDGsCambodia MDGs to Global MDGs

We do believe that we are better placed to get back on track towards reaching Cambodia MDGs

We expect to benefit from the results of EASAN We will fully participate in the International Year of

Sanitation 2008 and beyond We hope to strengthen partnership with neighbouring countries

and Development Partners